Nature Communications - 29 August 2018

Weekly Content Alert Nature Communications is fully open access. Read more. 29 August 2018  Latest content: Comments Perspective Articles Author Corrections Publisher Corrections Journal homepage Recommend to library Web feed     Latest Comments       Cas9 immunity creates challenges for CRISPR gene editing therapies OPEN Julie M. Crudele & Jeffrey S. Chamberlain 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05843-9 CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing  Cellular immunity  Humoral immunity  Building optimism at the environmental science-policy-practice interface through the study of bright spots OPEN Christopher Cvitanovic & Alistair J. Hobday 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05977-w Ecology  Environmental impact  Policy  Psychology and behaviour  Diet and the epigenome OPEN Yi Zhang & Tatiana G. Kutateladze 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05778-1 Epigenetics  Gene expression      Latest Perspective       Evaluating intrinsic and non-intrinsic cancer risk factors OPEN Song Wu, Wei Zhu, Patricia Thompson & Yusuf A Hannun Understanding the contributions of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on cancer risk is fundamental in determining the intervention and prevention strategies to tackle cancer. Here the authors provide a review of the different factors impacting cancer risk and discuss the limitations of different approaches in evaluating the relative contributions of these factors. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05467-z Cancer epidemiology  Cancer prevention      Latest Articles View all Articles     Melting conditions in the modern Tibetan crust since the Miocene OPEN Jinyu Chen, Fabrice Gaillard, Arnaud Villaros, Xiaosong Yang, Mickael Laumonier, Laurent Jolivet, Martyn Unsworth, Leïla Hashim, Bruno Scaillet & Guillaume Richard Crustal melting may play a fundamental role in orogenic processes, but quantifying crustal melt remains difficult. Here, the authors combine pressure-temperature paths, electrical conductivity and geophysical data to elucidate the melting conditions in Tibet since the Miocene. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05934-7 Geodynamics  Geophysics  Petrology  Argininosuccinic aciduria fosters neuronal nitrosative stress reversed by Asl gene transfer OPEN Julien Baruteau, Dany P. Perocheau, Joanna Hanley, Maëlle Lorvellec, Eridan Rocha-Ferreira, Rajvinder Karda, Joanne Ng, Natalie Suff, Juan Antinao Diaz, Ahad A. Rahim, Michael P. Hughes, Blerida Banushi, Helen Prunty, Mariya Hristova, Deborah A. Ridout, Alex Virasami, Simon Heales, Stewen J. Howe, Suzanne M. K. Buckley, Philippa B. Mills et al. Patients with mutations in the ASL gene present with argininosuccinic aciduria characterised by hyperammonaemia and cognitive impairment. Here, the authors show that cerebral disease involves neuronal nitrosative/oxidative stress that is not induced by hyperammonaemia, and that it can be reversed using AAV-ASL directed to liver and brain in mice. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05972-1 Gene therapy  Metabolic disorders  Molecular neuroscience  Reconciling persistent and dynamic hypotheses of working memory coding in prefrontal cortex OPEN Sean E. Cavanagh, John P. Towers, Joni D. Wallis, Laurence T. Hunt & Steven W. Kennerley Working memory (WM) is represented in persistent activity of single neurons as well as a dynamic population code. Here, the authors find that neurons flexibly switch their coding according to current attention while those with stable resting activity maintain WM representations through dynamic activity patterns. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05873-3 Attention  Network models  Neural decoding  Reward  Working memory  Nrf2 negatively regulates STING indicating a link between antiviral sensing and metabolic reprogramming OPEN David Olagnier, Aske M. Brandtoft, Camilla Gunderstofte, Nikolaj L. Villadsen, Christian Krapp, Anne L. Thielke, Anders Laustsen, Suraj Peri, Anne Louise Hansen, Lene Bonefeld, Jacob Thyrsted, Victor Bruun, Marie B. Iversen, Lin Lin, Virginia M. Artegoitia, Chenhe Su, Long Yang, Rongtuan Lin, Siddharth Balachandran, Yonglun Luo et al. Understanding how regulators of inflammation affect nucleic acid sensing is important for targeting research against inflammatory diseases and conditions. Here, the authors identify Nrf2 as an important negative regulator of STING and suggest a link between metabolic reprogramming and antiviral cytosolic DNA sensing in human cells. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05861-7 Immunology  Inflammatory diseases  Innate immunity  Viral host response  Revisiting the functional significance of binocular cues for perceiving motion-in-depth OPEN Peter J. Kohler, Wesley J. Meredith & Anthony M. Norcia The presence of opposite horizontal motion in the two eyes is a cue for perceiving motion-in-depth, but also leads to suppressed motion sensitivity. Here, the authors address this paradox and show that spatial and interocular integration mechanisms, distinct from the extraction of motion-in-depth, drive suppression. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05918-7 Motion detection  Perception  Psychology  Visual system  The photoregulation of a mechanochemical polymer scission OPEN Jumpei Kida, Keiichi Imato, Raita Goseki, Daisuke Aoki, Masakazu Morimoto & Hideyuki Otsuka Control over mechanochemical polymer scission by external stimuli may offer an avenue to further advance the fields of polymer chemistry, mechanochemistry, and materials science. Here the authors show light regulating the mechanochemical behavior of a diarylethene-conjugated Diels–Alder adduct. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05996-7 Mechanical properties  Polymer synthesis  Polymers  Role of hydrogen bonding in hysteresis observed in sorption-induced swelling of soft nanoporous polymers OPEN Mingyang Chen, Benoit Coasne, Robert Guyer, Dominique Derome & Jan Carmeliet Water uptake of natural polymers is accompanied by swelling and changes in the internal structure of the polymeric system but the exact mechanism of water-uptake and swelling remained unknown. Here the authors use atom-scale simulations to identify a molecular mechanism which is responsible for hysteresis in sorption-induced swelling in natural polymers. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05897-9 Chemical physics  Mechanical properties  Molecular dynamics  Overexpressing lncRNA LAIR increases grain yield and regulates neighbouring gene cluster expression in rice OPEN Ying Wang, Xiaojin Luo, Fan Sun, Jianhua Hu, Xiaojun Zha, Wei Su & Jinshui Yang The effect of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) on crop yield is unknown. Here, the authors show overexpression of a lncRNA, transcribed from the antisense strand of the previously discovered gene cluster LRK, can upregulate LRK genes’ expression, change histone modification status of LRK1, and increase rice grain yield. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05829-7 Agricultural genetics  Gene regulation  Long non-coding RNAs  Plant breeding  The sulfite oxidase Shopper controls neuronal activity by regulating glutamate homeostasis in Drosophila ensheathing glia OPEN Nils Otto, Zvonimir Marelja, Andreas Schoofs, Holger Kranenburg, Jonas Bittern, Kerem Yildirim, Dimitri Berh, Maria Bethke, Silke Thomas, Sandra Rode, Benjamin Risse, Xiaoyi Jiang, Michael Pankratz, Silke Leimkühler & Christian Klämbt In Drosophila, ensheathing glia encase the neuropil but their function is not well understood. Here the authors show a surprising role of ensheathing glia in regulating glutamate homeostasis and locomotion which is controlled by the sulfite oxidase Shopper. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05645-z Diseases of the nervous system  Glial biology  Glial development  Neurotransmitters  Solution structures of multiple G-quadruplex complexes induced by a platinum(II)-based tripod reveal dynamic binding OPEN Wenting Liu, Yi-Fang Zhong, Liu-Yi Liu, Chu-Tong Shen, Wenjuan Zeng, Fuyi Wang, Danzhou Yang & Zong-Wan Mao DNA G-quadruplexes occur in oncologically relevant regions, thus are interesting targets for cancer research and treatment. Here, the authors solved the 1:1 and 4:2 (ligand/DNA) NMR structures of human telomeric DNA in complex with platinum(II)-tripod ligand and show that the binding is dynamic. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05810-4 Bioinorganic chemistry  DNA  Solution-state NMR  Intrinsic neuronal dynamics predict distinct functional roles during working memory OPEN D. F. Wasmuht, E. Spaak, T. J. Buschman, E. K. Miller & M. G. Stokes Prefrontal neurons exhibit both transient and persistent firing in working memory tasks. Here the authors report that the intrinsic timescale of neuronal firing outside the task is predictive of the temporal dynamics of coding during working memory in three frontoparietal brain areas. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05961-4 Attention  Cognitive control  Working memory  Systematic mapping of BCL-2 gene dependencies in cancer reveals molecular determinants of BH3 mimetic sensitivity OPEN Ryan S. Soderquist, Lorin Crawford, Esther Liu, Min Lu, Anika Agarwal, Grace R. Anderson, Kevin H. Lin, Peter S. Winter, Merve Cakir & Kris C. Wood Dependency of diverse cancers on specific BCL-2 family members and their combinations is unknown. Here they perform drug screening and find most cell lines to be dependent on at least one combination of BCL-2 family members, and using a CRISPR screen find BCL-w and BFL-1 to mediate resistance to BH3 mimetics 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05815-z Apoptosis  Cancer  Extreme amyloid polymorphism in Staphylococcus aureus virulent PSMα peptides OPEN Nir Salinas, Jacques-Philippe Colletier, Asher Moshe & Meytal Landau The phenol-soluble modulin PSMα3 secreted by Staphylococcus aureus forms cross-α amyloid-like fibrils. Here the authors reveal the amyloid polymorphism of PSMs by presenting the cross-β amyloid fibril structures of the biofilm-associated PSMα1 and PSMα4 and showing that truncated PSMα3 antibacterial peptides form distinct out-of-register β-sheets and a polymorph with a hexameric architecture of β-sheets. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05490-0 Protein aggregation  X-ray crystallography  In vivo phosphoproteomics reveals kinase activity profiles that predict treatment outcome in triple-negative breast cancer OPEN Ivana Zagorac, Sara Fernandez-Gaitero, Renske Penning, Harm Post, Maria J. Bueno, Silvana Mouron, Luis Manso, Manuel M. Morente, Soledad Alonso, Violeta Serra, Javier Muñoz, Gonzalo Gómez-López, Jose Francisco Lopez-Acosta, Veronica Jimenez-Renard, Albert Gris-Oliver, Fatima Al-Shahrour, Elena Piñeiro-Yañez, Jose Luis Montoya-Suarez, Juan V. Apala, Amalia Moreno-Torres et al. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks prognostic and predictive markers. Here, the authors use phosphoproteomics to define kinases with distinct activity profiles in TNBC, demonstrating their prognostic value as well as their utility for simplifying TNBC classification and designing drug regimens. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05742-z Breast cancer  Prognostic markers  Proteomics  Targeted therapies  A general deoxygenation approach for synthesis of ketones from aromatic carboxylic acids and alkenes OPEN Muliang Zhang, Jin Xie & Chengjian Zhu Synthesis of aryl ketones can be generally achieved via C–C coupling strategies. Here, the authors show a deoxygenative coupling of carboxylic acids and alkenes enabled by photoredox catalysis and report a wide scope of products, including bioactive and macrocyclic ketones. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06019-1 Synthetic chemistry methodology  Organic chemistry  Chemical synthesis  EMT- and stroma-related gene expression and resistance to PD-1 blockade in urothelial cancer OPEN Although T-cell infiltration is correlated with EMT-related gene expression in urothelial cancer specimens, here, the authors report EMT-related signatures in urothelial cancer arise mainly from stromal cells. Increased EMT-related gene expression in T-cell infiltrated tumors is associated with an attenuated response to immune checkpoint blockade, providing a rationale for therapeutic co-targeting PD-1 and stromal elements. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05992-x Cancer  Computational biology and bioinformatics  Drug discovery  Genetics  Immunology  High-fidelity CRISPR/Cas9- based gene-specific hydroxymethylation rescues gene expression and attenuates renal fibrosis OPEN Xingbo Xu, Xiaoying Tan, Björn Tampe, Tim Wilhelmi, Melanie S. Hulshoff, Shoji Saito, Tobias Moser, Raghu Kalluri, Gerd Hasenfuss, Elisabeth M. Zeisberg & Michael Zeisberg Suppression of gene expression due to aberrant promoter methylation contributes to organ fibrosis. Here, the authors couple a deactivated Cas9 to the TET3 catalytic domain to induce expression of four antifibrotic genes, and show that lentiviral-mediated delivery is effective in reducing kidney fibrosis in mouse models. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05766-5 CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing  DNA methylation  Renal fibrosis  Targeted gene repair  A molecular switch orchestrates enzyme specificity and secretory granule morphology OPEN Suena Ji, Nadine L. Samara, Leslie Revoredo, Liping Zhang, Duy T. Tran, Kayla Muirhead, Lawrence A. Tabak & Kelly G. Ten Hagen Regulated secretion is an essential process that requires packing and maturation of cargo proteins in membranous secretory granules. Here, authors identify a gene, pgant9, that influences the glycosylation status of the secretory cargo as well as the structure of secretory granules within the Drosophila salivary gland. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05978-9 Biochemistry  Biotechnology  Cell biology  Molecular biology  Structural biology  MYC dephosphorylation by the PP1/PNUTS phosphatase complex regulates chromatin binding and protein stability OPEN Dharmendra Dingar, William B. Tu, Diana Resetca, Corey Lourenco, Aaliya Tamachi, Jason De Melo, Kathleen E. Houlahan, Manpreet Kalkat, Pak-Kei Chan, Paul C. Boutros, Brian Raught & Linda Z. Penn Deregulated MYC activity is oncogenic and is deregulated in a large fraction of human cancers. Here the authors find that protein phosphatase 1 and its regulatory subunit PNUTS controls MYC stability and its interaction with chromatin. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05660-0 Biochemistry  Cancer  An imputation platform to enhance integration of rice genetic resources OPEN Diane R. Wang, Francisco J. Agosto-Pérez, Dmytro Chebotarov, Yuxin Shi, Jonathan Marchini, Melissa Fitzgerald, Kenneth L. McNally, Nickolai Alexandrov & Susan R. McCouch Imputation can effectively augment marker density in existing genetic datasets and enable integration across germplasm resources. Here Wang et al. present a public imputation server for rice using a diverse reference panel to facilitate imputation in the rice genetics community. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05538-1 Computational platforms and environments  Plant genetics  Oxidising agents in sub-arc mantle melts link slab devolatilisation and arc magmas OPEN Antoine Bénard, Kevin Klimm, Alan B. Woodland, Richard J. Arculus, Max Wilke, Roman E. Botcharnikov, Nobumichi Shimizu, Oliver Nebel, Camille Rivard & Dmitri A. Ionov The oxidised nature of arc magmas is either attributed to recycling from the slab or magma differentiation. Here, the authors show that oxidised iron and sulfur, respectively in sub-arc mantle spinel and glass inclusions with elevated U/Th, Pb/Ce, Sr/Nd and δ34S, trace dehydration products of slab serpentinites. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05804-2 Geochemistry  Petrology  P38α/JNK signaling restrains erythropoiesis by suppressing Ezh2-mediated epigenetic silencing of Bim OPEN Ping Hu, Angel R. Nebreda, Helmut Hanenberg, Garrett H. Kinnebrew, Mircea Ivan, Mervin C. Yoder, Marie-Dominique Filippi, Hal E. Broxmeyer & Reuben Kapur Erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates erythropoiesis and is commonly used to treat anemia. Here Hu et al. find that P38α/JNK signaling restrains erythropoiesis independently of EPO by regulating epigenetic silencing of the proapoptotic protein Bim, and thus identify putative targets for the treatment of anemic disorders resistant to EPO. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05955-2 Apoptosis  Erythropoietin  Haematopoietic stem cells  FOXD1-dependent MICU1 expression regulates mitochondrial activity and cell differentiation OPEN Santhanam Shanmughapriya, Dhanendra Tomar, Zhiwei Dong, Katherine J. Slovik, Neeharika Nemani, Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan, Edmund Carvalho, Christy Lu, Kaitlyn Corrigan, Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati, Jessica Ibetti, Sudarsan Rajan, Carlos Barrero, Kurt Chuprun, Raj Kishore, Salim Merali, Ying Tian, Wenli Yang & Muniswamy Madesh Genetic ablation of Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake protein 1 (MICU1) in mouse induces higher rates of perinatal lethality. Here the authors show that MICU1 expression is regulated by hypoxia in a FOXD1-dependent manner, establishing a cyclic switch between glycolytic and oxidative metabolism during development. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05856-4 Calcium signalling  Differentiation  A feed forward loop enforces YAP/TAZ signaling during tumorigenesis OPEN Mandeep K. Gill, Tania Christova, Ying Y. Zhang, Alex Gregorieff, Liang Zhang, Masahiro Narimatsu, Siyuan Song, Shawn Xiong, Amber L. Couzens, Jiefei Tong, Jonathan R. Krieger, Michael F. Moran, Alexandre R. Zlotta, Theodorus H. van der Kwast, Anne-Claude Gingras, Frank Sicheri, Jeffrey L. Wrana & Liliana Attisano The Hippo pathway is frequently dysregulated in cancer. Here, the authors identify NUAK2 as negative regulator of the Hippo pathway from a siRNA kinome screen and show that NUAK2 promotes YAP/TAZ nuclear localisation while NUAK2 is a transcriptional target of YAP/TAZ, thus providing a feed forward loop to promote tumorigenesis. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05939-2 Cancer  Oncogenes  Finite momentum Cooper pairing in three-dimensional topological insulator Josephson junctions OPEN Angela Q. Chen, Moon Jip Park, Stephen T. Gill, Yiran Xiao, Dalmau Reig-i-Plessis, Gregory J. MacDougall, Matthew J. Gilbert & Nadya Mason Unconventional superconductivity may emerge from the interplay between strong spin–orbit coupling and magnetism. Here, Chen et al. report an anomalous Fraunhofer pattern in three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3 and attribute it as a signature of finite momentum Cooper pairing. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05993-w Superconducting properties and materials  Topological insulators  Megahertz data collection from protein microcrystals at an X-ray free-electron laser OPEN Marie Luise Grünbein, Johan Bielecki, Alexander Gorel, Miriam Stricker, Richard Bean, Marco Cammarata, Katerina Dörner, Lars Fröhlich, Elisabeth Hartmann, Steffen Hauf, Mario Hilpert, Yoonhee Kim, Marco Kloos, Romain Letrun, Marc Messerschmidt, Grant Mills, Gabriela Nass Kovacs, Marco Ramilli, Christopher M. Roome, Tokushi Sato et al. The European X-ray free-electron laser (EuXFEL) in Hamburg is the first megahertz (MHz) repetition rate XFEL. Here the authors use lysozyme crystals and microcrystals from jack bean proteins and demonstrate that damage-free high quality data can be collected at a MHz repetition rate. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05953-4 Free-electron lasers  Nanocrystallography  Dynamical coupling between a nuclear spin ensemble and electromechanical phonons OPEN Yuma Okazaki, Imran Mahboob, Koji Onomitsu, Satoshi Sasaki, Shuji Nakamura, Nobu-Hisa Kaneko & Hiroshi Yamaguchi Nuclear spins in solids can be implemented into quantum devices but their manipulation usually requires microwave irradiation. Here instead the authors show that they can shift the NMR frequency and drive the nuclear spins into the resolved-sideband regime by using the tunable phonon states from an electromechanical resonator. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05463-3 Electronic devices  NEMS  Lysine benzoylation is a histone mark regulated by SIRT2 OPEN He Huang, Di Zhang, Yi Wang, Mathew Perez-Neut, Zhen Han, Y. George Zheng, Quan Hao & Yingming Zhao Histone marks regulate chromatin structure and function. Here the authors identify and characterize lysine benzoylation, a histone mark that can be modulated by sodium benzoate, a widely used chemical food preservative, associated with specific regulation of gene expression. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05567-w Epigenetics  Histone post-translational modifications  Post-translational modifications  Proteomics  AXER is an ATP/ADP exchanger in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum OPEN Marie-Christine Klein, Katharina Zimmermann, Stefan Schorr, Martina Landini, Patrick A. W. Klemens, Jacqueline Altensell, Martin Jung, Elmar Krause, Duy Nguyen, Volkhard Helms, Jens Rettig, Claudia Fecher-Trost, Adolfo Cavalié, Markus Hoth, Ivan Bogeski, H. Ekkehard Neuhaus, Richard Zimmermann, Sven Lang & Ilka Haferkamp Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functioning requires a constant supply of ATP, but the exchanger required for ATP uptake into the ER is unknown. Here, the authors report that SLC35B1, here named AXER, or ATP/ADP exchanger into the ER, can transport ATP into the ER. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06003-9 Carrier proteins  Cellular imaging  Parasitoid biology preserved in mineralized fossils OPEN Thomas van de Kamp, Achim H. Schwermann, Tomy dos Santos Rolo, Philipp D. Lösel, Thomas Engler, Walter Etter, Tomáš Faragó, Jörg Göttlicher, Vincent Heuveline, Andreas Kopmann, Bastian Mähler, Thomas Mörs, Janes Odar, Jes Rust, Nicholas Tan Jerome, Matthias Vogelgesang, Tilo Baumbach & Lars Krogmann Evidence for a parasitic lifestyle in extinct species tends to be indirect. Here, the authors provide direct evidence through X-ray examination of approximately 30–40 million year old fossil fly pupae, revealing 55 parasitation events by four newly described wasp species. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05654-y Entomology  Palaeoecology  Palaeontology  High-performance artificial nitrogen fixation at ambient conditions using a metal-free electrocatalyst OPEN Weibin Qiu, Xiao-Ying Xie, Jianding Qiu, Wei-Hai Fang, Ruping Liang, Xiang Ren, Xuqiang Ji, Guanwei Cui, Abdullah M. Asiri, Ganglong Cui, Bo Tang & Xuping Sun Electrochemical reduction of nitrogen is a promising route to industrial-scale nitrogen fixation at ambient conditions, but is challenged by activation of inert nitrogen. Here the authors report a metal-free catalyst that selectively reduces nitrogen to ammonia with high efficiency and stability. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05758-5 Electrocatalysis  Electrochemistry  Modelling of free-form conformal metasurfaces OPEN Kedi Wu, Philippe Coquet, Qi Jie Wang & Patrice Genevet Predicting and modelling the responses of free-from photonics devices remain challenging with conventional computational tools. Here, the authors propose an efficient algorithm based on conformal boundary optics and modified finite difference time-domain to calculate the electromagnetic fields across conformal metasurfaces. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05579-6 Applied optics  Metamaterials  Techniques and instrumentation  Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings OPEN J. Uusitalo, L. Arppe, T. Hackman, S. Helama, G. Kovaltsov, K. Mielikäinen, H. Mäkinen, P. Nöjd, V. Palonen, I. Usoskin & M. Oinonen Tree rings retain information of sudden variations of ancient radiocarbon (14C) content, however the origin and exact timing of these events often remain uncertain. Here, the authors analyze a set of Arctic tree rings and link a rapid increase in 14C to a solar event that occurred during the spring of AD 774. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1 Astronomy and astrophysics  Atmospheric dynamics  Solar physics  Intermolecular selective carboacylation of alkenes via nickel-catalyzed reductive radical relay OPEN Xian Zhao, Hai-Yong Tu, Lei Guo, Shengqing Zhu, Feng-Ling Qing & Lingling Chu To date the carboacylation of alkenes has been reported only in single- and two-component methodologies. Here, the authors report a three-component nickel-catalyzed carboacylation of olefins which enables the rapid construction of ketones with high levels of complexity and diversity. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05951-6 Homogeneous catalysis  Synthetic chemistry methodology  Reaction mechanisms  Loss of Wwox drives metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer by JAK2/STAT3 axis OPEN Renxu Chang, Lele Song, Yi Xu, Yanjun Wu, Cheng Dai, Xinyu Wang, Xia Sun, Yingyong Hou, Wei Li, Xianbao Zhan & Lixing Zhan In breast cancer, the loss of expression of WW domain-containing oxireductase (Wwox) has been observed. Here, the authors illustrate that in triple negative breast cancer models Wwox suppresses metastasis and proliferation via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05852-8 Breast cancer  Tumour-suppressor proteins  CFP1 coordinates histone H3 lysine-4 trimethylation and meiotic cell cycle progression in mouse oocytes OPEN Qian-Qian Sha, Xing-Xing Dai, Jun-Chao Jiang, Chao Yu, Yu Jiang, Junping Liu, Xiang-Hong Ou, Song-Ying Zhang & Heng-Yu Fan The transcription-independent function of trimethylation of histone H3 (H3K4me) in cell division is unclear. Here, Heng-Yu Fan and colleagues report that CFP1, a subunit of the H3K4 methyltransferase, is required for oocyte meiosis, being phosphorylated and degraded during cell cycle transition. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05930-x Embryogenesis  Histone post-translational modifications  Methylation  Efficient and scalable synthesis of highly aligned and compact two-dimensional nanosheet films with record performances OPEN Jing Zhong, Wei Sun, Qinwei Wei, Xitang Qian, Hui-Ming Cheng & Wencai Ren Aligning 2D nanosheets to form a compact layered structure can maximize the in-plane properties. Here the authors report an efficient and scalable continuous centrifugal casting method to produce highly compact and well-aligned films of GO nanosheets that show record performances in some applications. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05723-2 Synthesis of graphene  Two-dimensional materials  March1-dependent modulation of donor MHC II on CD103+ dendritic cells mitigates alloimmunity OPEN Thiago J. Borges, Naoka Murakami, Felipe D. Machado, Ayesha Murshid, Benjamin J. Lang, Rafael L. Lopes, Laura M. Bellan, Mayuko Uehara, Krist H. Antunes, Maria José Pérez-Saéz, Gabriel Birrane, Priscila Vianna, João Ismael B. Gonçalves, Rafael F. Zanin, Jamil Azzi, Reza Abdi, Satoshi Ishido, Jeoung-Sook Shin, Ana Paula D. Souza, Stuart K. Calderwood et al. Donor-derived dendritic cells (do-DC) in the graft can contribute to the induction of alloimmunity and tissue rejection, but how do-DC can be targeted for improving graft survival is unclear. Here the authors show that reducing MHC-II expression on do-DCs by DnaK pre-treatment can decrease the priming of alloimmunity and prolong graft survival in mouse models. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05572-z Antigen-presenting cells  Dendritic cells  Peripheral tolerance  Transplant immunology  Lower-crustal earthquakes in southern Tibet are linked to eclogitization of dry metastable granulite OPEN Feng Shi, Yanbin Wang, Tony Yu, Lupei Zhu, Junfeng Zhang, Jianguo Wen, Julien Gasc, Sarah Incel, Alexandre Schubnel, Ziyu Li, Tao Chen, Wenlong Liu, Vitali Prakapenka & Zhenmin Jin The triggering mechanism of deep seismicity in Tibet remains unclear. Here the authors use experiments to show that granulite when deformed becomes brittle as it passes into the ecologite stability field developing macroscopic riedel fault zones thus providing an explanation for deep seismicity in Southern Tibet. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05964-1 Geophysics  Seismology  Structural geology  Divergent accumulation of microbial necromass and plant lignin components in grassland soils OPEN Tian Ma, Shanshan Zhu, Zhiheng Wang, Dima Chen, Guohua Dai, Bowei Feng, Xiangyan Su, Huifeng Hu, Kaihui Li, Wenxuan Han, Chao Liang, Yongfei Bai & Xiaojuan Feng It remains unclear how microbes and plants contribute to soil organic carbon (SOC) accrual. Here, using biomarkers, the authors show that microbial necromass and plant-derived lignin components have divergent accumulation mechanisms and that microbial necromass plays a key role in SOC accumulation. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05891-1 Carbon cycle  Psychophysical reverse correlation reflects both sensory and decision-making processes OPEN Gouki Okazawa, Long Sha, Braden A. Purcell & Roozbeh Kiani Reverse correlation is a psychophysics technique used to infer sensory filter properties by measuring how changes in stimuli influence behavior. Here, the authors show that reverse correlation is shaped by both sensory and decision-making processes, and validate a method to partition their contributions. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05797-y Cognitive neuroscience  Computational neuroscience  Sensorimotor processing  Sensory processing  TBC1d24-ephrinB2 interaction regulates contact inhibition of locomotion in neural crest cell migration OPEN Jaeho Yoon, Yoo-Seok Hwang, Moonsup Lee, Jian Sun, Hee Jun Cho, Laura Knapik & Ira O. Daar Group migration of cranial neural crest cells depends upon Eph-ephrin signalling. Here, the authors show that TBC1d24 complexes with ephrinB2 via Dishevelled to induce contact inhibition of locomotion by reducing membrane E-cadherin. Eph receptor binding dissolves this complex and disrupts migration. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05924-9 Cell biology  Cell migration  Collective cell migration  Self-decoupled radiofrequency coils for magnetic resonance imaging OPEN Xinqiang Yan, John C. Gore & William A. Grissom Conventional coil arrays require complex decoupling technologies to reduce electromagnetic coupling between coil elements. Here, the authors report a self-decoupled RF coil design that achieves high inter-coil isolation between adjacent and non-adjacent elements and mixed arrays of loops and dipoles 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05585-8 Biomedical engineering  Electrical and electronic engineering  Magnetic resonance imaging  Phosphorylation of ULK1 affects autophagosome fusion and links chaperone-mediated autophagy to macroautophagy OPEN Chenyao Wang, Huafei Wang, Deyi Zhang, Wenwen Luo, Ruilong Liu, Daqian Xu, Lei Diao, Lujian Liao & Zhixue Liu The ULK complex plays a well-known role in initiating autophagy, to recycle cellular components in response to nutritional stress. Here, the authors demonstrate a late role for ULK in auotophagosome–lysosome fusion and provide a direct link between macroautophagy and chaperone mediated autophagy. 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05449-1 Chaperone-mediated autophagy  Macroautophagy  Black carbon radiative effects highly sensitive to emitted particle size when resolving mixing-state diversity OPEN Hitoshi Matsui, Douglas S. Hamilton & Natalie M. Mahowald Black carbon has a large but uncertain warming contribution to Earth’s climate. Here Matsui et al. show that black carbon mixing state and its interaction with aerosol size distribution are required for accurately estimating the radiative effect of black carbon. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05635-1 Atmospheric chemistry  Climate and Earth system modelling  Climate change  Climate sciences  HIV-1 intron-containing RNA expression induces innate immune activation and T cell dysfunction OPEN Hisashi Akiyama, Caitlin M. Miller, Chelsea R. Ettinger, Anna C. Belkina, Jennifer E. Snyder-Cappione & Suryaram Gummuluru Type I Interferon is thought to be a driving force for immune activation and T cell exhaustion during HIV infection. Here the authors show that intron-containing HIV RNA induces innate immune activation resulting in associated T cell dysfunction. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05899-7 HIV infections  Viral host response  Viral pathogenesis  Virus–host interactions  Controlling electric potential to inhibit solid-electrolyte interphase formation on nanowire anodes for ultrafast lithium-ion batteries OPEN Won Jun Chang, Su Han Kim, Jiseon Hwang, Jinho Chang, Dong won Yang, Sun Sang Kwon, Jin Tae Kim, Won Woo Lee, Jae Hyung Lee, Hyunjung Park, Taeseup Song, In-Hwan Lee, Dongmok Whang & Won Il Park Lithium-based rechargeable batteries suffer from unstable evolution of solid-electrolyte interphase on the electrode surface. Here, the authors provide an approach to inhibiting SEI formation by controlling electric potential distribution across electrolyte and electrode. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05986-9 Batteries  MAP1B mutations cause intellectual disability and extensive white matter deficit OPEN G. Bragi Walters, Omar Gustafsson, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Valgerdur K. Eiriksdottir, Arna B. Agustsdottir, Gudrun A. Jonsdottir, Stacy Steinberg, Arni F. Gunnarsson, Magnus I. Magnusson, Unnur Unnsteinsdottir, Amy L. Lee, Adalbjorg Jonasdottir, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Astros Skuladottir, Lina Jonsson, Muhammad S. Nawaz, Patrick Sulem, Mike Frigge, Andres Ingason et al. Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by an intelligence quotient of below 70 and impaired adaptive skills. Here, analyzing whole genome sequences from 31,463 Icelanders, Walters et al. identify variants in MAP1B associated with ID and extensive brain-wide white matter deficits. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05595-6 Developmental disorders  Genetics of the nervous system  Magnetic resonance imaging  Medical genetics  LRRK2 kinase regulates α-synuclein propagation via RAB35 phosphorylation OPEN Eun-Jin Bae, Dong-Kyu Kim, Changyoun Kim, Michael Mante, Anthony Adame, Edward Rockenstein, Ayse Ulusoy, Michael Klinkenberg, Ga Ram Jeong, Jae Ryul Bae, Cheolsoon Lee, He-Jin Lee, Byung-Dae Lee, Donato A. Di Monte, Eliezer Masliah & Seung-Jae Lee Mutations in LRRK2 kinase are associated with Parkinson’s disease. Here the authors show that LRRK2 modulates propagation of α-synuclein, using rodent and C. elegans models, and show that this is dependent on phosphorylation of one of its substrates, RAB35. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05958-z Parkinson's disease  Protein aggregation  Selective conversion of CO2 and H2 into aromatics OPEN Youming Ni, Zhiyang Chen, Yi Fu, Yong Liu, Wenliang Zhu & Zhongmin Liu Selective conversion of CO2 and H2 into aromatics remains challenging due to the high unsaturation degree and complex structure of aromatics. Here the authors report a composite catalyst of ZnAlOx and H-ZSM-5 which promotes the formation of aromatics with high selectivity while inhibiting CO and CH4 formation in CO2 hydrogenation reactions. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05880-4 Chemical engineering  Energy  Heterogeneous catalysis  Transformation from crystalline precursor to perovskite in PbCl2-derived MAPbI3 OPEN Kevin H. Stone, Aryeh Gold-Parker, Vanessa L. Pool, Eva L. Unger, Andrea R. Bowring, Michael D. McGehee, Michael F. Toney & Christopher J. Tassone The existence of a crystalline precursor is key to perovskite film formation, but the precise chemistry of the precursor and its transformation into perovskite are poorly understood. Here, the authors identify the crystal structure and conversion chemistry of the precursor for PbCl2-derived methylammonium lead iodide perovskites. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05937-4 Design, synthesis and processing  Electronic devices  Reaction kinetics and dynamics  Photovoltaics  High-resolution in situ transcriptomics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa unveils genotype independent patho-phenotypes in cystic fibrosis lungs OPEN Elio Rossi, Marilena Falcone, Søren Molin & Helle Krogh Johansen How genetic adaptation and phenotypic acclimation are interrelated and allow Pseudomonas aeruginosa to persist in cystic fibrosis lungs is poorly understood. Here, Rossi et al. use high-resolution transcriptomics on expectorates to link phenotypic conservation to ecological flexibility and persistence. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05944-5 Cellular microbiology  Infectious-disease diagnostics  Microbiology  Pathogens  Super-regional land-use change and effects on the grassland specialist flora OPEN Alistair G. Auffret, Adam Kimberley, Jan Plue & Emelie Waldén Biodiversity declines can be difficult to attribute to habitat loss at large spatial scales. Here, the authors document land-use change in Sweden at high spatial resolution over 70 years, showing that habitat loss at local and landscape scales is associated with reduced grassland biodiversity. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05991-y Biodiversity  Grassland ecology  Experimental implementation of fully controlled dephasing dynamics and synthetic spectral densities OPEN Zhao-Di Liu, Henri Lyyra, Yong-Nan Sun, Bi-Heng Liu, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo, Sabrina Maniscalco & Jyrki Piilo The study of dephasing dynamics have wide implications for understanding open systems evolutions and in particular decoherence of qubits. Here, the authors implement arbitrary qubit decoherence dynamics in a photonic simulator, also capable of implementing non-positive dynamical maps. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05817-x Quantum optics  Qubits  Single photons and quantum effects  Single photon emission from graphene quantum dots at room temperature OPEN Shen Zhao, Julien Lavie, Loïc Rondin, Lucile Orcin-Chaix, Carole Diederichs, Philippe Roussignol, Yannick Chassagneux, Christophe Voisin, Klaus Müllen, Akimitsu Narita, Stéphane Campidelli & Jean-Sébastien Lauret The optical properties of nanographenes can be engineered by designing their size, shape, and edges. Here, the authors show that graphene quantum dots are single photon emitters at room temperature, and their emission wavelength can be controlled by edge functionalization. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05888-w Optical properties and devices  Optics and photonics  Near-infrared-triggered photon upconversion tuning in all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite quantum dots OPEN Wei Zheng, Ping Huang, Zhongliang Gong, Datao Tu, Jin Xu, Qilin Zou, Renfu Li, Wenwu You, Jean-Claude G. Bünzli & Xueyuan Chen Optimizing luminescence from quantum dots benefits various optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. Here the authors drive high-efficiency, tunable upconversion luminescence in perovskite quantum dots by energy transfer from lanthanide-doped nanoparticles excited by near-infrared light, to produce full-color emission with low driving power. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05947-2 Energy transfer  Nanoparticles  Optical materials  Quantum dots  Group I Paks are essential for epithelial- mesenchymal transition in an Apc-driven model of colorectal cancer OPEN H. Y. Chow, B. Dong, C. A. Valencia, C. T. Zeng, J. N. Koch, T. Y. Prudnikova & J. Chernoff Group I Paks, like Pak1, are required for the activation of several key oncogenic signaling pathways. Here the authors study an inducible peptide mimicking the auto-inhibitory domain of Pak1 and show promising anti-tumor effects in a mouse model of colorectal cancer. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05935-6 Cancer  Oncology  Modeling the impact of drug interactions on therapeutic selectivity OPEN Zohar B. Weinstein, Nurdan Kuru, Szilvia Kiriakov, Adam C. Palmer, Ahmad S. Khalil, Paul A. Clemons, Muhammad H. Zaman, Frederick P. Roth & Murat Cokol While drugs can interact in both target and off-target cell types, more favorable interaction in the target cell may nevertheless allow for a therapeutic window. Here, the authors show, using two yeast species as a model, that differential drug interactions indeed adjust the selective window. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05954-3 Computational models  Fungi  Pharmacology  Systems biology  PDGF-mediated mesenchymal transformation renders endothelial resistance to anti-VEGF treatment in glioblastoma OPEN Tianrun Liu, Wenjuan Ma, Haineng Xu, Menggui Huang, Duo Zhang, Zhenqiang He, Lin Zhang, Steven Brem, Donald M. O’Rourke, Yanqing Gong, Yonggao Mou, Zhenfeng Zhang & Yi Fan Resistance to anti-angiogenic therapies often occurs in patients. Here, the authors demonstrate the role of PDGF signaling in GBM resistance to anti-VEGF treatment via a mechanism that involves endothelial-mesenchymal transformation and transcriptional regulation of VEGFR-2. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05982-z Cancer microenvironment  CNS cancer  Tumour angiogenesis  Hyperfine-phonon spin relaxation in a single-electron GaAs quantum dot OPEN Leon C. Camenzind, Liuqi Yu, Peter Stano, Jeramy D. Zimmerman, Arthur C. Gossard, Daniel Loss & Dominik M. Zumbühl The application of spin based qubits requests understanding and control of spin relaxation time T1 which remains challenging. Here the authors experimentally demonstrate the spin relaxation mechanism via hyper fine interaction and long spin-relaxation time T1 ~ 57 s for a single electron spin in GaAs quantum dot. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05879-x Electronic devices  Quantum dots  NCK-dependent pericyte migration promotes pathological neovascularization in ischemic retinopathy OPEN Alexandre Dubrac, Steffen E. Künzel, Sandrine H. Künzel, Jinyu Li, Rachana Radhamani Chandran, Kathleen Martin, Daniel M. Greif, Ralf H. Adams & Anne Eichmann Pericytes are perivascular cells that regulate blood vessel formation and function. Here Dubrac et al. show that pericyte recruitment contributes to pathological neovascularisation in a mouse model of ischemic retinopathy, and that this depends on the regulation of PDGF-B signaling by NCK adaptor proteins. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05926-7 Angiogenesis  Retinal diseases  Nanophotonic Pockels modulators on a silicon nitride platform OPEN Koen Alexander, John P. George, Jochem Verbist, Kristiaan Neyts, Bart Kuyken, Dries Van Thourhout & Jeroen Beeckman Active devices such as modulators made of silicon nitride still lack performance. Here, the authors demonstrate electro-optic modulators based on ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate films on silicon nitride, in both the O- and the C-band with a modulation bandwidth beyond 33 GHz and with data rates of 40 Gbps. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05846-6 Integrated optics  Nanoscale devices  Nonlinear optics  Silicon photonics  Non-competitive resource exploitation within mosquito shapes within-host malaria infectivity and virulence OPEN G. Costa, M. Gildenhard, M. Eldering, R. L. Lindquist, A. E. Hauser, R. Sauerwein, C. Goosmann, V. Brinkmann, P. Carrillo-Bustamante & E. A. Levashina The evolution of within-host malaria virulence has been studied, but the vector’s contribution isn’t well understood. Here, Costa et al. show that non-competitive parasitic resource exploitation within-vector, in particular lipid trafficking, restricts within-host infectivity and virulence of the parasite. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05893-z Malaria  Parasite evolution  Revealing the mechanisms of membrane protein export by virulence-associated bacterial secretion systems OPEN Lea Krampen, Silke Malmsheimer, Iwan Grin, Thomas Trunk, Anja Lührmann, Jan-Willem de Gier & Samuel Wagner Many bacteria export effector proteins even when two incompatible signal sequences are present, one which would lead to export and the other to inner membrane targeting. Here the authors show that such proteins feature decreased hydrophobicity or cognate chaperone binding to prevent erroneous targeting. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05969-w Membrane proteins  Pathogens  Protein translocation  Molecular insights into Vibrio cholerae’s intra-amoebal host-pathogen interactions OPEN Charles Van der Henst, Audrey Sophie Vanhove, Natália Carolina Drebes Dörr, Sandrine Stutzmann, Candice Stoudmann, Stéphanie Clerc, Tiziana Scrignari, Catherine Maclachlan, Graham Knott & Melanie Blokesch The causative agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae, is commonly found in aquatic habitats, where it must defend itself against predatory protists such as amoebae. Here, Van der Henst et al. analyze the molecular mechanisms by which V. cholerae thrives within, and ultimately escapes from, aquatic amoebae. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05976-x Bacteriology  Environmental microbiology  Microbiology  The effect of maternal care on gene expression and DNA methylation in a subsocial bee OPEN Samuel V. Arsenault, Brendan G. Hunt & Sandra M. Rehan Development may be plastic and influenced by parental care. Here, the authors show that experimental reduction of maternal care in the small carpenter bee leads to extensive changes in gene expression and splicing, minor changes in methylation, and greater offspring aggression and social avoidance. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05903-0 Behavioural genetics  Development  DNA methylation  Gene expression  Social evolution  Addressing human-tiger conflict using socio-ecological information on tolerance and risk OPEN Matthew J. Struebig, Matthew Linkie, Nicolas J. Deere, Deborah J. Martyr, Betty Millyanawati, Sally C. Faulkner, Steven C. Le Comber, Fachruddin M. Mangunjaya, Nigel Leader-Williams, Jeanne E. McKay & Freya A. V. St. John Human-tiger conflict occurs where there is a higher risk of encountering tigers. Here, Struebig et al. use geographic profiling to predict risk of encounters in Sumatra, and show that combining risk measures with social data on tolerance could help prioritise regions for conflict mitigation efforts. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05983-y Biodiversity  Conservation biology  Ecological modelling  Psychology and behaviour  Replication of bacterial plasmids in the nucleus of the red alga Porphyridium purpureum OPEN Zhichao Li & Ralph Bock Genetic tools for research on red algae (rhodophytes) are lacking. Here, Li and Bock present an efficient genetic transformation system for a model rhodophyte, and show that the transgenic DNA can be maintained as an extrachromosomal multi-copy plasmid in the algal nucleus. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05651-1 DNA replication  Plant genetics  Ribitol restores functionally glycosylated α-dystroglycan and improves muscle function in dystrophic FKRP-mutant mice OPEN Marcela P. Cataldi, Peijuan Lu, Anthony Blaeser & Qi Long Lu Mutations in FKRP impair glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan, leading to muscular dystrophy. Here, the authors show that oral administration of ribitol increases dystropglycan glycosylation and ameliorates symptoms of muscular dystrophy in FKRP-deficient mouse models. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05990-z Glycosylation  Neuromuscular disease  Mechanical interactions among followers determine the emergence of leaders in migrating epithelial cell collectives OPEN Medhavi Vishwakarma, Jacopo Di Russo, Dimitri Probst, Ulrich S. Schwarz, Tamal Das & Joachim P. Spatz During collective cell migration, how leader cells emerge is poorly understood. Here, the authors find that small groups of mechanically-interacting follower cells pull on the future leaders to stochastically elect them to their fate. 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05927-6 Cellular motility  Collective cell migration  Inhibition of osteoblastic Smurf1 promotes bone formation in mouse models of distinctive age-related osteoporosis OPEN Chao Liang, Songlin Peng, Jie Li, Jun Lu, Daogang Guan, Feng Jiang, Cheng Lu, Fangfei Li, Xiaojuan He, Hailong Zhu, D. W. T. Au, Dazhi Yang, Bao-Ting Zhang, Aiping Lu & Ge Zhang BMP promotes bone formation but its efficacy is limited in some patients. Here, the authors show that osteoporosis patients with a poor response to BMP have increased expression of Smurf1, which targets BMP effectors for degradation, and demonstrate that its chemical inhibition enhances BMP-mediated bone formation in mice. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05974-z Targeted bone remodelling  Drug screening  Osteoporosis  Treatment with mRNA coding for the necroptosis mediator MLKL induces antitumor immunity directed against neo-epitopes OPEN Lien Van Hoecke, Sandra Van Lint, Kenny Roose, Alexander Van Parys, Peter Vandenabeele, Johan Grooten, Jan Tavernier, Stefaan De Koker & Xavier Saelens Necroptosis has immunogenic cell death properties. Here, the authors show that the intra-tumor delivery of mRNA that codes for the necroptosis effector MLKL triggers neo-epitope-specific anti-tumor T cell responses and inhibits primary tumor growth and lung metastasis. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05979-8 Cancer immunotherapy  Immune cell death  High entropy oxides for reversible energy storage OPEN Abhishek Sarkar, Leonardo Velasco, Di Wang, Qingsong Wang, Gopichand Talasila, Lea de Biasi, Christian Kübel, Torsten Brezesinski, Subramshu S. Bhattacharya, Horst Hahn & Ben Breitung High entropy oxides provide a new strategy toward materials design by stabilizing single-phase crystal structures composed of multiple cations. Here, the authors apply this concept to the development of conversion-type electrode materials for lithium-ion storage and show the underlying mechanism. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05774-5 Batteries  Composites  Electronic properties and materials  Elevated H3K79 homocysteinylation causes abnormal gene expression during neural development and subsequent neural tube defects OPEN Qin Zhang, Baoling Bai, Xinyu Mei, Chunlei Wan, Haiyan Cao, Dan Li, Shan Wang, Min Zhang, Zhigang Wang, Jianxin Wu, Hongyan Wang, Junsheng Huo, Gangqiang Ding, Jianyuan Zhao, Qiu Xie, Li Wang, Zhiyong Qiu, Shiming Zhao & Ting Zhang Elevated maternal homocysteine (Hcy) increases the risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) but how this arises is unclear. Here, the authors show that high levels of Hcy on histone H3K79Hcy correlate with NTDs, causing abnormal gene expression (for example Cecr2, Smarca4 and Dnmt3B) linked to neural tube closure. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05451-7 Developmental neurogenesis  Post-translational modifications  Vti1a/b regulate synaptic vesicle and dense core vesicle secretion via protein sorting at the Golgi OPEN Javier Emperador-Melero, Vincent Huson, Jan van Weering, Christian Bollmann, Gabriele Fischer von Mollard, Ruud F. Toonen & Matthijs Verhage Vti1a and Vti1b are SNARE proteins implicated in regulated secretion. Here the authors show that Vti1a and Vti1b control protein sorting at the Golgi, and targeting to the axon, and thereby indirectly control regulated secretion at the synapse. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05699-z Neurotransmitters  Synaptic vesicle exocytosis  Vesicle trafficking  Peritectic titanium alloys for 3D printing OPEN Pere Barriobero-Vila, Joachim Gussone, Andreas Stark, Norbert Schell, Jan Haubrich & Guillermo Requena 3D printing of titanium alloys today is based on known alloy compositions that result in anisotropic structural properties. Here, the authors add lanthanum to commercially pure titanium and exploit a solidification path that reduces texture and anisotropy. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05819-9 Mechanical properties  Metals and alloys  Phase transitions and critical phenomena  Morphology and structure of ZIF-8 during crystallisation measured by dynamic angle-resolved second harmonic scattering OPEN Stijn Van Cleuvenbergen, Zachary J. Smith, Olivier Deschaume, Carmen Bartic, Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu, Thierry Verbiest & Monique A. van der Veen Angle-resolved monitoring of structure parameters during crystal growth is often slow owing to mechanical movements. Here, the authors use second harmonic scattering and Fourier-plane imaging to dynamically monitor size, shape and concentration of ZIF-8 in situ during the growth process. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05713-4 Characterization and analytical techniques  Metal–organic frameworks  Optical spectroscopy  Exploiting the tunability of stimulated emission depletion microscopy for super-resolution imaging of nuclear structures OPEN Maria J. Sarmento, Michele Oneto, Simone Pelicci, Luca Pesce, Lorenzo Scipioni, Mario Faretta, Laura Furia, Gaetano Ivan Dellino, Pier Giuseppe Pelicci, Paolo Bianchini, Alberto Diaspro & Luca Lanzanò A known limitation of super-resolution STED microscopy is the need of high laser power which can cause photobleaching and phototoxicity. Here the authors further optimize this method and show that modulating STED intensity during acquisition results in an enhanced resolution and reduced background. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05963-2 Fluorescence imaging  Fluorescence spectroscopy  Nanoscale biophysics  Nucleus  Super-resolution microscopy  Hydrophobic gating in BK channels OPEN Zhiguang Jia, Mahdieh Yazdani, Guohui Zhang, Jianmin Cui & Jianhan Chen BK channels are regulated by membrane voltage and intracellular Ca2+ but the structural features that block the ion flow in the closed state remain unknown. Here authors use molecular dynamics simulation and show that a physical gate is not required; instead ion flow is regulated by hydrophobic dewetting due to changes in pore shape and surface hydrophobicity. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05970-3 Computational biophysics  Permeation and transport  Biogenic volatile release from permafrost thaw is determined by the soil microbial sink OPEN Magnus Kramshøj, Christian N. Albers, Thomas Holst, Rupert Holzinger, Bo Elberling & Riikka Rinnan Permafrost thaw allows biological activity in previously frozen ground, leading to a potential release of climate-relevant gases. Here the authors show that thawing permafrost emits volatile organic compounds but that their release to the atmosphere is limited by microbial consumption in the overlaying soil. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05824-y Atmospheric chemistry  Carbon cycle  Microbial ecology  Multiplexed storage and real-time manipulation based on a multiple degree-of-freedom quantum memory OPEN Tian-Shu Yang, Zong-Quan Zhou, Yi-Lin Hua, Xiao Liu, Zong-Feng Li, Pei-Yun Li, Yu Ma, Chao Liu, Peng-Jun Liang, Xue Li, Yi-Xin Xiao, Jun Hu, Chuan-Feng Li & Guang-Can Guo Multiplexing of quantum memories would enable higher communication rate for repeater based quantum networks. Here, the authors demonstrate multiplexed storage of single-photon-level pulses using multiple degree-of-freedom, with the additional function of arbitrary manipulation of photonic pulses in real time. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05669-5 Quantum information  Quantum optics  Single photons and quantum effects  TRIM27 mediates STAT3 activation at retromer-positive structures to promote colitis and colitis-associated carcinogenesis OPEN Hong-Xia Zhang, Zhi-Sheng Xu, Hen Lin, Mi Li, Tian Xia, Kaisa Cui, Su-Yun Wang, Youjun Li, Hong-Bing Shu & Yan-Yi Wang Aberrant and persistent activation of the transcription factor STAT3 has been found in various types of cancers. Here the authors identify TRIM27 as a positive regulator of IL-6-induced STAT3 activation through the formation of JAK1-STAT3 complex, thus impacting inflammation-induced colon cancer development. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05796-z Cell signalling  Colon cancer  Inflammation  Tumour immunology  Dysregulation of the NUDT7-PGAM1 axis is responsible for chondrocyte death during osteoarthritis pathogenesis OPEN Jinsoo Song, In-Jeoung Baek, Churl-Hong Chun & Eun-Jung Jin Osteoarthritis is a common joint disease that is a major public health problem. Here, the authors identify a role for the NUDT7 protein in pathogenesis of the disease, and report the potential for NUDT7 to be a target for future therapies. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05787-0 Osteoarthritis  Peroxisomes  Translational research  Active site localization of methane oxidation on Pt nanocrystals OPEN Dongjin Kim, Myungwoo Chung, Jerome Carnis, Sungwon Kim, Kyuseok Yun, Jinback Kang, Wonsuk Cha, Mathew J. Cherukara, Evan Maxey, Ross Harder, Kiran Sasikumar, Subramanian K. R. S. Sankaranarayanan, Alexey Zozulya, Michael Sprung, Dohhyung Riu & Hyunjung Kim The structural changes at low-coordination sites of nanocatalysts such as edges, remain poorly understood. Here, the authors report observations of high-lattice distortion at edges of Pt nanocrystals during heterogeneous catalytic methane oxidation by using in situ 3D Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05464-2 Characterization and analytical techniques  Imaging techniques  Nanoparticles  p53 in AgRP neurons is required for protection against diet-induced obesity via JNK1 OPEN Mar Quiñones, Omar Al-Massadi, Cintia Folgueira, Stephan Bremser, Rosalía Gallego, Leonardo Torres-Leal, Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli, Cristina García-Caceres, Rene Hernandez-Bautista, Brian Y. H. Lam, Daniel Beiroa, Estrella Sanchez-Rebordelo, Ana Senra, Jose A. Malagon, Patricia Valerio, Marcos F. Fondevila, Johan Fernø, Maria M. Malagon, Raian Contreras, Paul Pfluger et al. Emerging studies suggest that p53 is an important regulator of energy metabolism, yet there is little known about the metabolic function of this tumor suppressor in the hypothalamus. Here, authors illustrate that p53, specifically in AgRP neurons, is required for adaptation to diet-induced obesity. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05711-6 Neuroendocrine diseases  Obesity  Wheat microbiome bacteria can reduce virulence of a plant pathogenic fungus by altering histone acetylation OPEN Yun Chen, Jing Wang, Nan Yang, Ziyue Wen, Xuepeng Sun, Yunrong Chai & Zhonghua Ma The molecular mechanisms behind the interactions between bacteria and fungi are largely unclear. Here, Chen et al. show that a compound secreted by bacteria from the wheat head microbiome inhibits growth and virulence of a plant pathogenic fungus by manipulating fungal histone modification. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05683-7 Applied microbiology  Fungal genetics  Fungal pathogenesis  SIRT6 haploinsufficiency induces BRAFV600E melanoma cell resistance to MAPK inhibitors via IGF signalling OPEN Thomas Strub, Flavia G. Ghiraldini, Saul Carcamo, Man Li, Aleksandra Wroblewska, Rajendra Singh, Matthew S. Goldberg, Dan Hasson, Zichen Wang, Stuart J. Gallagher, Peter Hersey, Avi Ma’ayan, Georgina V. Long, Richard A. Scolyer, Brian Brown, Bin Zheng & Emily Bernstein The epigenetic mechanisms of melanoma drug resistance are poorly understood. Here, the authors develop a CRISPR-Cas9 screen targeting epigenetic regulators and discover that SIRT6 haploinsufficiency induces BRAFV600E melanoma cell resistance to MAPK inhibitors via IGF signalling. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05966-z Histone post-translational modifications  Melanoma  The cristae modulator Optic atrophy 1 requires mitochondrial ATP synthase oligomers to safeguard mitochondrial function OPEN Rubén Quintana-Cabrera, Charlotte Quirin, Christina Glytsou, Mauro Corrado, Andrea Urbani, Anna Pellattiero, Enrique Calvo, Jesús Vázquez, José Antonio Enríquez, Christoph Gerle, María Eugenia Soriano, Paolo Bernardi & Luca Scorrano Mitochondrial cristae shape influences apoptosis and respiration. Here the authors show that the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 protects mitochondria from dysfunction by promoting ATP synthase oligomerization and reversal activity. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05655-x Apoptosis  Energy metabolism  Reciprocal control of excitatory synapse numbers by Wnt and Wnt inhibitor PRR7 secreted on exosomes OPEN Sang H. Lee, Seung Min Shin, Peng Zhong, Hyun-Taek Kim, Dong-Il Kim, June Myoung Kim, Won Do Heo, Dae-Won Kim, Chang-Yeol Yeo, Cheol-Hee Kim & Qing-song Liu Wnts are important for synapse formation and maintenance. Here, the authors show that proline-rich 7 (PRR7) is a Wnt inhibitor that is secreted via exosomes to regulate excitatory synapse numbers. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05858-2 Cellular neuroscience  Molecular neuroscience  Origin of Circumpolar Deep Water intruding onto the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Sea continental shelves OPEN Yoshihiro Nakayama, Dimitris Menemenlis, Hong Zhang, Michael Schodlok & Eric Rignot Upwelling circumpolar deep water (CDW) is destabilising West Antarctic ice shelves, yet offshore pathways and drivers remain unclear. Here, using a regional circulation model, the authors show that pathways are controlled by large-scale atmospheric and ocean circulations. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05813-1 Cryospheric science  Physical oceanography  In-built thermo-mechanical cooperative feedback mechanism for self-propelled multimodal locomotion and electricity generation OPEN Xiao-Qiao Wang, Chuan Fu Tan, Kwok Hoe Chan, Xin Lu, Liangliang Zhu, Sang-Woo Kim & Ghim Wei Ho Existing thermal technologies are mainly designed to harvest heat at high temperature, whilst low-grade heat is hardly utilized to date. Here, Wang et al. show an interlocked thermo-mechano feedback mechanism that transfers ambient heat to multimodal locomotions, potentially for soft robotics applications. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06011-9 Energy science and technology  Engineering  Materials science  Nanoscience and technology  Accelerated discovery of stable lead-free hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites via machine learning OPEN Shuaihua Lu, Qionghua Zhou, Yixin Ouyang, Yilv Guo, Qiang Li & Jinlan Wang Conventional trial-error method is inefficient in discovering new functional materials in vast chemical and structural space. Here Lu et al. use machine learning techniques to screen out the most promising lead-free organic-inorganic perovskites with proper bandgap and stability from thousands of them in a flash. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05761-w Computational methods  Solar cells  Chitin-based barrier immunity and its loss predated mucus-colonization by indigenous gut microbiota OPEN Keisuke Nakashima, Satoshi Kimura, Yu Ogawa, Soichi Watanabe, Satoshi Soma, Toyoji Kaneko, Lixy Yamada, Hitoshi Sawada, Che-Huang Tung, Tsai-Ming Lu, Jr-Kai Yu, Alejandro Villar-Briones, Sakura Kikuchi & Noriyuki Satoh The coevolution of the animal gut mucosa and the gut microbiota is poorly understood. Here, Nakashima et al. identify intestinal chitinous membranes in basal chordates and ray-finned fish, and propose that the loss of this chitin barrier allowed mucus layers to become colonized by microbes in mammals. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05884-0 Coevolution  Microbiome  Mucosal immunology  Massively parallel fabrication of crack-defined gold break junctions featuring sub-3 nm gaps for molecular devices OPEN Valentin Dubois, Shyamprasad N. Raja, Pascal Gehring, Sabina Caneva, Herre S. J. van der Zant, Frank Niklaus & Göran Stemme The field of molecular electronics is currently held back by the lack of scalability and reproducibility of existing break junction technologies. Here, Dubois et al. demonstrate parallel fabrication of millions of gold break junctions with sub-3 nm gaps via controllable crack formation on a wafer scale. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05785-2 Electronic properties and materials  Molecular electronics  Structural properties  Loss of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MKRN1 represses diet-induced metabolic syndrome through AMPK activation OPEN Min-Sik Lee, Hyun-Ji Han, Su Yeon Han, Il Young Kim, Sehyun Chae, Choong-Sil Lee, Sung Eun Kim, Seul Gi Yoon, Jun-Won Park, Jung-Hoon Kim, Soyeon Shin, Manhyung Jeong, Aram Ko, Ho-Young Lee, Kyoung-Jin Oh, Yun-Hee Lee, Kwang-Hee Bae, Seung-Hoi Koo, Jea-woo Kim, Je Kyung Seong et al. AMPK activation has been suggested as treatment for obesity and its complications. Here the authors show that the ubiquitin ligase MKRN1 binds to AMPK and mediates its ubiquitination and degradation. Loss of MKRN1 leads to AMPK activation, increased glucose consumption and decreased lipid accumulation. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05721-4 Metabolic syndrome  Obesity  Ubiquitylation  Intertidal exposure favors the soft-studded armor of adaptive mussel coatings OPEN Christophe A. Monnier, Daniel G. DeMartini & J. Herbert Waite There is interest in the development of mussel inspired materials; however, this requires an understanding of the materials. Here, the authors report on an investigation into the properties of mussel cuticle from different species that challenges conventional wisdom about particle filled composites. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05952-5 Atomic force microscopy  Bioinspired materials  Biomaterials  Immunomodulatory role of Keratin 76 in oral and gastric cancer OPEN Inês Sequeira, Joana F. Neves, Dido Carrero, Qi Peng, Natalia Palasz, Kifayathullah Liakath-Ali, Graham M. Lord, Peter R. Morgan, Giovanna Lombardi & Fiona M. Watt Keratin 76 (Krt76) is an epithelial differentiation marker that is downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinomas, correlating with poor prognosis. Here the authors show that genetic ablation of Krt76 in a mouse model results in increased susceptibility to carcinogenesis via enhanced accumulation of Tregs. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05872-4 Gastric cancer  Immunology  Oral cancer  Tumour immunology  Design principles of chiral carbon nanodots help convey chirality from molecular to nanoscale level OPEN Luka Ðorđević, Francesca Arcudi, Alessandro D’Urso, Michele Cacioppo, Norberto Micali, Thomas Bürgi, Roberto Purrello & Maurizio Prato A promising and efficient route to chiral materials involves the transfer of chirality across length scales. Here, the authors use chiral molecular precursors to synthesize chiral carbon nanodots, which in turn can template the formation of chiral supramolecular assemblies. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05561-2 Nanoparticle synthesis  Nanoparticles  Synthesis and processing  JunB defines functional and structural integrity of the epidermo-pilosebaceous unit in the skin OPEN Karmveer Singh, Emanuela Camera, Linda Krug, Abhijit Basu, Rajeev Kumar Pandey, Saira Munir, Meinhard Wlaschek, Stefan Kochanek, Marina Schorpp-Kistner, Mauro Picardo, Peter Angel, Catherin Niemann, Pallab Maity & Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek Epidermal homeostasis is maintained by the activity of stem cells. Here, the authors show that deficiency of the transcription factor JunB leads to altered Notch signaling in stem cells, resulting in a cell fate switch and de novo formation of aberrant sebaceous glands, altered epidermal differentiation and impaired barrier function. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05726-z Differentiation  Skin diseases  Skin stem cells  Transcription  The dual methyltransferase METTL13 targets N terminus and Lys55 of eEF1A and modulates codon-specific translation rates OPEN Magnus E. Jakobsson, Jędrzej M. Małecki, Levon Halabelian, Benedikt S. Nilges, Rita Pinto, Srikanth Kudithipudi, Stephanie Munk, Erna Davydova, Fawzi R. Zuhairi, Cheryl H. Arrowsmith, Albert Jeltsch, Sebastian A. Leidel, Jesper V. Olsen & Pål Ø. Falnes Eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A) is subject to extensive post-translational methylation but not all responsible enzymes are known. Here, the authors identify METTL13 as an eEF1A methyltransferase with dual specificity, which is involved in the codon-specific modulation of mRNA translation. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05646-y Enzyme mechanisms  Methylases  Proteomic analysis  X-ray crystallography  Lamin B1 mapping reveals the existence of dynamic and functional euchromatin lamin B1 domains OPEN Laura Pascual-Reguant, Enrique Blanco, Silvia Galan, François Le Dily, Yasmina Cuartero, Gemma Serra-Bardenys, Valerio Di Carlo, Ane Iturbide, Joan Pau Cebrià-Costa, Lara Nonell, Antonio García de Herreros, Luciano Di Croce, Marc A. Marti-Renom & Sandra Peiró Lamina-associated domains (LADs) contact lamins in the nuclear lamina, and lamin B1 was thought to bind heterochromatic regions at the nuclear envelope. Here, the authors show lamin B1 associates with actively expressed euchromatin regions, creating dynamic euchromatin lamina-associated domains (eLADs) during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05912-z DNA  Nuclear organization  Observation of topologically protected states at crystalline phase boundaries in single-layer WSe2 OPEN Miguel M. Ugeda, Artem Pulkin, Shujie Tang, Hyejin Ryu, Quansheng Wu, Yi Zhang, Dillon Wong, Zahra Pedramrazi, Ana Martín-Recio, Yi Chen, Feng Wang, Zhi-Xun Shen, Sung-Kwan Mo, Oleg V. Yazyev & Michael F. Crommie Transition metal dichalcogenides may host exotic topological phases in the two-dimensional limit, but detailed atomic properties have rarely been explored. Here, Ugeda et al. observe edge-states at the interface between a single layer quantum spin Hall insulator 1T′-WSe2 and a semiconductor 1H-WSe2. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05672-w Electronic properties and materials  Surfaces, interfaces and thin films  Topological insulators  Two-dimensional materials  NF-κB inhibition rescues cardiac function by remodeling calcium genes in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy model OPEN Jennifer M. Peterson, David J. Wang, Vikram Shettigar, Steve R. Roof, Benjamin D. Canan, Nadine Bakkar, Jonathan Shintaku, Jin-Mo Gu, Sean C. Little, Nivedita M. Ratnam, Priya Londhe, Leina Lu, Christopher E. Gaw, Jennifer M. Petrosino, Sandya Liyanarachchi, Huating Wang, Paul M. L. Janssen, Jonathan P. Davis, Mark T. Ziolo, Sudarshana M. Sharma et al. The molecular mechanisms leading to heart failure in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are unclear. Here the authors show that NF-κB is activated in the heart of dystrophin-deficient mice and that its ablation rescues cardiac function through chromatin remodeling and activation of gene expression. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05910-1 Cardiomyopathies  Chromatin remodelling  NF-kappaB  Organic carbon burial during OAE2 driven by changes in the locus of organic matter sulfurization OPEN Morgan Reed Raven, David A. Fike, Maya L. Gomes, Samuel M. Webb, Alexander S. Bradley & Harry-Luke O. McClelland The mechanisms responsible for the burial of vast quantities of organic matter during Ocean Anoxic Event remain unclear. Here, the authors combine biogeochemical analysis and modeling and show that sulfurization could play a critical role in facilitating globally elevated burial of organic matter. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05943-6 Biogeochemistry  Climate sciences  Ocean sciences  Human neuroepithelial stem cell regional specificity enables spinal cord repair through a relay circuit OPEN Maria Teresa Dell’Anno, Xingxing Wang, Marco Onorati, Mingfeng Li, Francesca Talpo, Yuichi Sekine, Shaojie Ma, Fuchen Liu, William B. J. Cafferty, Nenad Sestan & Stephen M. Strittmatter The optimal type or regional origin of stem cells for regenerative applications in the nervous system has not yet been established. Here the authors show that human neuroepithelial stem cells from the developing spinal cord, but not those from the developing cortex, show good host-graft interaction when transplanted to rodent models of spinal cord injury. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05844-8 Regeneration and repair in the nervous system  Stem cells in the nervous system  Amplification of chirality in surface-confined supramolecular bilayers OPEN Hai Cao & Steven De Feyter One of the most dramatic effects of supramolecular assembly is the generation of homochirality in near-racemic systems. Here the authors rationalize the chiral amplification mechanism with a combined scanning tunneling microscopy and modelling study of surface-grown enantiomerically unbalanced supramolecular bilayers. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05962-3 Supramolecular chemistry  Surface chemistry  Nanomedicines reveal how PBOV1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma for effective gene therapy OPEN Yu Guo, Zhiqiang Wu, Shunli Shen, Ruomi Guo, Jing Wang, Weiwei Wang, Kun Zhao, Ming Kuang & Xintao Shuai Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to improve the treatment outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, the authors develop a theranostical targeted nanomedicine platform that reveals the key oncogenic role of PBOV1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05764-7 Genetic transduction  Targeted therapies  Impact ionization by hot carriers in a black phosphorus field effect transistor OPEN Faisal Ahmed, Young Duck Kim, Zheng Yang, Pan He, Euyheon Hwang, Hyunsoo Yang, James Hone & Won Jong Yoo Carrier multiplication processes based on new electron-hole pair generation is instrumental to realizing ultrafast and efficient optoelectronic devices. Here, the authors demonstrate multilayered black phosphorous-based transistors that show enhanced performance due to carrier multiplication. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05981-0 Electronic properties and materials  Two-dimensional materials  Formal group insertion into aryl C‒N bonds through an aromaticity destruction-reconstruction process OPEN Dandan Han, Qiuqin He & Renhua Fan Activation of C–N bonds of anilines requires transformation of the amino group into a more reactive functionality. Here, the authors report an aromaticity destruction-reconstruction process that converts abundant anilines into valuable amines through group insertion into the C–N bond and benzylic C–H functionalization. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05637-z Synthetic chemistry methodology  Chemical synthesis  A molecular overlayer with the Fibonacci square grid structure OPEN Sam Coates, Joseph A. Smerdon, Ronan McGrath & Hem Raj Sharma Quasicrystals possess long range order but no translational symmetry, and rotational symmetries that are forbidden in periodic crystals. Here, a fullerene overlayer deposited on a surface of an icosahedral intermetallic quasicrystal achieves a Fibonacci square grid structure, by selective adsorption at specific sites. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05950-7 Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes  Scanning probe microscopy  Structural properties  Surfaces, interfaces and thin films  De novo targeting to the cytoplasmic and luminal side of bacterial microcompartments OPEN Matthew J. Lee, Judith Mantell, Ian R. Brown, Jordan M. Fletcher, Paul Verkade, Richard W. Pickersgill, Derek N. Woolfson, Stefanie Frank & Martin J. Warren Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are protein-bound organelles encapsulating segments of metabolic pathways. Here the authors utilize specific de novo coiled-coil protein-protein interactions to display proteins on the outer or inner surface of BMCs. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05922-x Metabolic engineering  Microbiology techniques  Protein design  Metamaterials with amplitude gaps for elastic solitons OPEN Bolei Deng, Pai Wang, Qi He, Vincent Tournat & Katia Bertoldi Here, the authors experimentally observed, numerically simulate, and mathematically analyze the existence of amplitude gaps for elastic vector solitons in highly deformable mechanical metamaterials consisting of rigid units and elastic hinges. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05908-9 Acoustics  Mechanical engineering  Networking chemical robots for reaction multitasking OPEN Dario Caramelli, Daniel Salley, Alon Henson, Gerardo Aragon Camarasa, Salah Sharabi, Graham Keenan & Leroy Cronin Distributing a reaction workload across laboratories can solve chemical problems more efficiently, but it is challenging to develop viable hardware and software. Here, the authors present an internet-connected network of cheap robots that can perform chemical reactions and share outcomes in real time, demonstrating a digitized approach to chemical collaboration. 24 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05828-8 Cheminformatics  Communicating chemistry  Process chemistry  Chemical synthesis  Vertebrate myosin 1d regulates left–right organizer morphogenesis and laterality OPEN Manush Saydmohammed, Hisato Yagi, Michael Calderon, Madeline J. Clark, Timothy Feinstein, Ming Sun, Donna B. Stolz, Simon C. Watkins, Jeffrey D. Amack, Cecilia W. Lo & Michael Tsang The actin-based motor Myosin1d is needed to establish left–right asymmetry in Drosophila. Here the authors show that myosin 1d has a role in lumen formation, vacuole trafficking and left-right asymmetry establishment during zebrafish development. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05866-2 Morphogenesis  Super-resolution microscopy  Reversal of pancreatic desmoplasia by re-educating stellate cells with a tumour microenvironment-activated nanosystem OPEN Xuexiang Han, Yiye Li, Ying Xu, Xiao Zhao, Yinlong Zhang, Xiao Yang, Yongwei Wang, Ruifang Zhao, Gregory J. Anderson, Yuliang Zhao & Guangjun Nie Stromal-tumour interactions play an important role in pancreatic cancer progression. Here, they describe the development of a tumour microenvironment-responsive gold nanoparticle system incorporating all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and siRNA against heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), for use in pancreatic cancer treatment. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05906-x Materials science  Nanoscience and technology  Selectively nitrogen-doped carbon materials as superior metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction OPEN Qing Lv, Wenyan Si, Jianjiang He, Lei Sun, Chunfang Zhang, Ning Wang, Ze Yang, Xiaodong Li, Xin Wang, Weiqiao Deng, Yunze Long, Changshui Huang & Yuliang Li Doping carbon-based materials with nitrogen is effective for enhancing catalytic activity for oxygen reduction; however, directing nitrogen dopants to specific locations is difficult. Here the authors employ hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne as a matrix for nitrogen doping, leading to enhanced performance. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05878-y Electrocatalysis  Electrochemistry  Factor H binding proteins protect division septa on encapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae against complement C3b deposition and amplification OPEN Anuj Pathak, Jan Bergstrand, Vicky Sender, Laura Spelmink, Marie-Stephanie Aschtgen, Sandra Muschiol, Jerker Widengren & Birgitta Henriques-Normark Streptococcus pneumoniae evades the action of the complement system by expressing an immuno-protective polysaccharide capsule as well as Factor H-binding proteins. Here, Pathak et al. show that these two defence mechanisms are functionally and spatially coordinated on the bacterial cell surface. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05494-w Infection  Innate immunity  Causal decomposition in the mutual causation system OPEN Albert C. Yang, Chung-Kang Peng & Norden E. Huang Causality inference in time series analysis based on temporal precedence principle between cause and effect fails to detect mutual causal interactions. Here, Yang et al. introduce a causal decomposition approach based on the covariation principle of cause and effect that overcomes this limitation. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05845-7 Applied mathematics  Dynamical systems  Ecological networks  Time series  Measurement of complex optical susceptibility for individual carbon nanotubes by elliptically polarized light excitation OPEN Fengrui Yao, Can Liu, Cheng Chen, Shuchen Zhang, Qiuchen Zhao, Fajun Xiao, Muhong Wu, Jiaming Li, Peng Gao, Jianlin Zhao, Xuedong Bai, Shigeo Maruyama, Dapeng Yu, Enge Wang, Zhipei Sun, Jin Zhang, Feng Wang & Kaihui Liu One-dimensional materials such as carbon nanotubes have many applications, but not all of their properties can be described in the same way as for conventional media. Here, the authors devise a method to measure the complex optical susceptibility in a 1D nanomaterial and demonstrate it for carbon nanotubes. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05932-9 Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes  Optical spectroscopy  Quantifying the role of surface plasmon excitation and hot carrier transport in plasmonic devices OPEN Giulia Tagliabue, Adam S. Jermyn, Ravishankar Sundararaman, Alex J. Welch, Joseph S. DuChene, Ragip Pala, Artur R. Davoyan, Prineha Narang & Harry A. Atwater Understanding the role of plasmon excitation is crucial for the realization of hot carrier devices. Here, the authors report internal quantum efficiency measurements in photoexcited gold gallium nitride Schottky diodes and elucidate the roles of surface plasmon excitation, hot carrier transport, and carrier injection in device performance. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05968-x Nanophotonics and plasmonics  Photonic devices  CTD-dependent and -independent mechanisms govern co-transcriptional capping of Pol II transcripts OPEN Melvin Noe Gonzalez, Shigeo Sato, Chieri Tomomori-Sato, Joan W. Conaway & Ronald C. Conaway The co-transcriptional capping of transcripts synthesized by RNA Pol II is substantially more efficient than capping of free RNA, a process that has been shown to depend on CTD phosphorylation. Here the authors demonstrate that a CTD-independent mechanism functions in parallel with CTD-dependent processes to ensure efficient capping. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05923-w RNA  RNA metabolism  Comparison of atomic scale dynamics for the middle and late transition metal nanocatalysts OPEN Kecheng Cao, Thilo Zoberbier, Johannes Biskupek, Akos Botos, Robert L. McSweeney, Abdullah Kurtoglu, Craig T. Stoppiello, Alexander V. Markevich, Elena Besley, Thomas W. Chamberlain, Ute Kaiser & Andrei N. Khlobystov The atomistic behaviour of nanocatalysts still remains largely unknown. Here, the authors reveal and explore reactions of nm-sized clusters of 14 technologically important metals in carbon nano test tubes using time-series imaging by atomically-resolved transmission electron microscopy. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05831-z Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes  Catalytic mechanisms  Transmission electron microscopy  Peptide-guided functionalization and macrocyclization of bioactive peptidosulfonamides by Pd(II)-catalyzed late-stage C–H activation OPEN Jian Tang, Hongfei Chen, Yadong He, Wangjian Sheng, Qingqing Bai & Huan Wang Aryl sulfonamides and sultams are important pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry. Here, the authors report a practical palladium-catalyzed C–H activation assisted by amino-acid residues in the substrate leading to arylsulfonamides and bioactive peptidosulfonamide macrocycles. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05440-w Homogeneous catalysis  Synthetic chemistry methodology  Peptides  Small molecules  Polycomb complexes associate with enhancers and promote oncogenic transcriptional programs in cancer through multiple mechanisms OPEN Ho Lam Chan, Felipe Beckedorff, Yusheng Zhang, Jenaro Garcia-Huidobro, Hua Jiang, Antonio Colaprico, Daniel Bilbao, Maria E. Figueroa, John LaCava, Ramin Shiekhattar & Lluis Morey The role of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) is well described in development. Here, the authors investigate canonical PRC1’s regulation of transcriptional programs in breast cancer where, in addition to its repressive function, it is also recruited to oncogenic active enhancers to regulate enhancer activity and chromatin accessibility. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05728-x Breast cancer  Epigenetics  Crystallographic character of grain boundaries resistant to hydrogen-assisted fracture in Ni-base alloy 725 OPEN John P. Hanson, Akbar Bagri, Jonathan Lind, Peter Kenesei, Robert M. Suter, Silvija Gradečak & Michael J. Demkowicz Exactly how hydrogen renders metals brittle is still unclear, and it remains a challenge to predict component failure due to hydrogen embrittlement. Here, the authors identify a class of grain boundaries in a nickel superalloy that deflects propagating cracks and improves alloy resistance to hydrogen. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05549-y Corrosion  Mechanical properties  Metals and alloys  Assessing modern river sediment discharge to the ocean using satellite gravimetry OPEN Maxime Mouyen, Laurent Longuevergne, Philippe Steer, Alain Crave, Jean-Michel Lemoine, Himanshu Save & Cécile Robin Measuring rivers’ sediment discharge is critical to assess continental erosion and landscape dynamics, yet it remains a challenging task. Here the authors show that GRACE satellite helps quantifying river sediment discharge by measuring the increment in gravitational attraction due to sediment accumulation. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05921-y Geomorphology  Geophysics  Deep-coverage whole genome sequences and blood lipids among 16,324 individuals OPEN Pradeep Natarajan, Gina M. Peloso, Seyedeh Maryam Zekavat, May Montasser, Andrea Ganna, Mark Chaffin, Amit V. Khera, Wei Zhou, Jonathan M. Bloom, Jesse M. Engreitz, Jason Ernst, Jeffrey R. O’Connell, Sanni E. Ruotsalainen, Maris Alver, Ani Manichaikul, W. Craig Johnson, James A. Perry, Timothy Poterba, Cotton Seed, Ida L. Surakka et al. Common genetic variants associated with plasma lipids have been extensively studied for a better understanding of common diseases. Here, the authors use whole-genome sequencing of 16,324 individuals to analyze rare variant associations and to determine their monogenic and polygenic contribution to lipid traits. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05747-8 Cardiovascular diseases  Cardiovascular genetics  Fat metabolism  Rare variants  Simultaneous dendritic voltage and calcium imaging and somatic recording from Purkinje neurons in awake mice OPEN Christopher J. Roome & Bernd Kuhn Dendritic integration is important for information processing in the brain. Here, in awake mice, authors combine simultaneous dendritic recording of voltage and calcium signals, with somatic recording from Purkinje neurons, enabling characterization of dendritic spiking, action potential backpropagation, and ‘hotspots’ in spiny dendrites. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05900-3 Cellular neuroscience  Motor control  Neuronal physiology  Neuroscience  Synaptic transmission  Atomic engineering of high-density isolated Co atoms on graphene with proximal-atom controlled reaction selectivity OPEN Huan Yan, Xiaoxu Zhao, Na Guo, Zhiyang Lyu, Yonghua Du, Shibo Xi, Rui Guo, Cheng Chen, Zhongxin Chen, Wei Liu, Chuanhao Yao, Jing Li, Stephen J. Pennycook, Wei Chen, Chenliang Su, Chun Zhang & Jiong Lu Controllable synthesis of single atom catalysts with sufficiently high metal loading remains challenging due to the tendency of agglomeration. Here the authors synthesize a series of stable atomically dispersed cobalt atoms on graphene with high Co loadings via the regeneration of active sites by atomic layer deposition. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05754-9 Catalyst synthesis  Density functional theory  Heterogeneous catalysis  Structure and mechanism of cancer-associated N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V OPEN Masamichi Nagae, Yasuhiko Kizuka, Emiko Mihara, Yu Kitago, Shinya Hanashima, Yukishige Ito, Junichi Takagi, Naoyuki Taniguchi & Yoshiki Yamaguchi The activity of glycosyltransferase GnT-V correlates with cancer malignancy and poor prognosis but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Here, the authors solve crystal structures of free and substrate analog-bound GnT-V, providing insights into its catalytic mechanism and a basis for GnT-V inhibition. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05931-w Cancer  Glycobiology  Transferases  X-ray crystallography  ESCRT-III mediates budding across the inner nuclear membrane and regulates its integrity OPEN Jun Arii, Mizuki Watanabe, Fumio Maeda, Noriko Tokai-Nishizumi, Takahiro Chihara, Masayuki Miura, Yuhei Maruzuru, Naoto Koyanagi, Akihisa Kato & Yasushi Kawaguchi The endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III) has been implicated in the packaging of HIV and HSV-1 viruses in the cytoplasm. Here the authors show that ESCRT-III proteins are required for the transport of HSV-1 nucleocapsids from nucleoplasm to cytosol through the nuclear envelope and confirm that the same mechanism is also used for the nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNP in Drosophila cells. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05889-9 ESCRT  Herpes virus  The germline genetic component of drug sensitivity in cancer cell lines OPEN Michael P. Menden, Francesco Paolo Casale, Johannes Stephan, Graham R. Bignell, Francesco Iorio, Ultan McDermott, Mathew J. Garnett, Julio Saez-Rodriguez & Oliver Stegle Little is known about the contribution of germline genetic variants to cancer drug sensitivity. Here, the authors devise an approach for joint analysis of germline variants and somatic mutations, identifying substantial germline contributions to variation in drug sensitivity. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05811-3 Clinical pharmacology  Oncogenes  Predictive markers  Statistical methods  Crystal structure of human Mediator subunit MED23 OPEN Didier Monté, Bernard Clantin, Frédérique Dewitte, Zoé Lens, Prakash Rucktooa, Els Pardon, Jan Steyaert, Alexis Verger & Vincent Villeret Mediator is a large multi-subunits complex essential to the regulation of transcription by RNA pol II. Here the authors report the crystal structure of MED23—one of the largest subunits of the complex together with MED1 and MED14—revealing a complex architecture and filling an important gap in the structural characterization of Mediator. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05967-y Transcription  Transcription factors  X-ray crystallography    Nature Communications JOBS of the week Laser Scientist Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) Research Associate / PhD Student / Postdoc TU Dresden Postdoctoral Researcher; Modelling Bacterial Evolution and Behaviour University of Oxford Postdoctoral Fellow or Staff Scientist f / m in Cancer Genetics and Oncogenic Signalling Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München - DKFZ Postdocs in vascular biology Uppsala University Postdoctoral Fellowships at D. E. Shaw Research D. E. Shaw Research Associate Research Scientist Columbia University Post-doctoral Training Fellow - Image analysis Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) Postdoctoral fellow - Experimental Cancer Genetics Wellcome Sanger Institute Research Fellowship - Digital Imaging Laboratory Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) More Science jobs from Nature Communications EVENT 2018 International Symposium on Metabolomics and Translational Medicine 14.09.18 Nanjing, China More science events from     Latest Author Corrections       Author Correction: Spatiotemporal regulation of Aurora B recruitment ensures release of cohesion during C. elegans oocyte meiosis OPEN Nuria Ferrandiz, Consuelo Barroso, Oana Telecan, Nan Shao, Hyun-Min Kim, Sarah Testori, Peter Faull, Pedro Cutillas, Ambrosius P. Snijders, Monica P. Colaiácovo & Enrique Martinez-Perez 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05848-4 Caenorhabditis elegans  Chromosome segregation  Meiosis  Oogenesis  Author Correction: Long range electronic phase separation in CaFe3O5 OPEN Ka. H. Hong, Angel M. Arevalo-Lopez, James Cumby, Clemens Ritter & J. Paul Attfield 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06047-x Electronic materials  Electronic properties and materials  Magnetic properties and materials  Author Correction: Scalable high-precision tuning of photonic resonators by resonant cavity-enhanced photoelectrochemical etching OPEN Eduardo Gil-Santos, Christopher Baker, Aristide Lemaître, Sara Ducci, Carmen Gomez, Giuseppe Leo & Ivan Favero 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05788-z Author Correction: Intracellular localization of nanoparticle dimers by chirality reversal OPEN Maozhong Sun, Liguang Xu, Joong Hwan Bahng, Hua Kuang, Silas Alben, Nicholas A. Kotov & Chuanlai Xu 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06060-0 Cell–particle interactions  Circular dichroism  Nanobiotechnology  Nanoparticles      Latest Publisher Corrections       Publisher Correction: Variations in Dysbindin-1 are associated with cognitive response to antipsychotic drug treatment OPEN Diego Scheggia , Rosa Mastrogiacomo, Maddalena Mereu, Sara Sannino, Richard E. Straub, Marco Armando, Francesca Managò, Simone Guadagna, Fabrizio Piras, Fengyu Zhang, Joel E. Kleinman, Thomas M. Hyde, Sanne S. Kaalund, Maria Pontillo, Genny Orso, Carlo Caltagirone, Emiliana Borrelli, Maria A. De Luca, Stefano Vicari, Daniel R. Weinberger et al. 29 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06062-y Molecular medicine  Psychiatric disorders  Schizophrenia  Publisher Correction: Differences in age-specific mortality between wild-caught and captive-born Asian elephants OPEN Mirkka Lahdenperä, Khyne U. Mar, Alexandre Courtiol & Virpi Lummaa 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06032-4 Conservation biology  Evolutionary ecology  Publisher Correction: Genomic instability in mutant p53 cancer cells upon entotic engulfment OPEN Hannah L. Mackay, David Moore, Callum Hall, Nicolai J. Birkbak, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, Saadia A. Karim, Vinaya M. Phatak, Lucia Piñon, Jennifer P. Morton, Charles Swanton, John Le Quesne & Patricia A. J. Muller 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06026-2 Cell biology  Non-small-cell lung cancer  Publisher Correction: Single-shot condensation of exciton polaritons and the hole burning effect OPEN E. Estrecho, T. Gao, N. Bobrovska, M. D. Fraser, M. Steger, L. Pfeiffer, K. West, T. C. H. Liew, M. Matuszewski, D. W. Snoke, A. G. Truscott & E. A. Ostrovskaya 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06064-w Bose–Einstein condensates  Quantum fluids and solids  Publisher Correction: Pairwise library screen systematically interrogates Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 specificity in human cells OPEN Josh Tycko, Luis A. Barrera, Nicholas C. Huston, Ari E. Friedland, Xuebing Wu, Jonathan S. Gootenberg, Omar O. Abudayyeh, Vic E. Myer, Christopher J. Wilson & Patrick D. Hsu 28 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06029-z CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing  Computational models  Genetic engineering  Synthetic biology  Publisher Correction: Lithospheric foundering and underthrusting imaged beneath Tibet OPEN Min Chen, Fenglin Niu, Jeroen Tromp, Adrian Lenardic, Cin-Ty A. Lee, Wenrong Cao & Julia Ribeiro 27 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05925-8 Publisher Correction: Deep coverage whole genome sequences and plasma lipoprotein(a) in individuals of European and African ancestries OPEN Seyedeh M. Zekavat , Sanni Ruotsalainen, Robert E. Handsaker, Maris Alver, Jonathan Bloom, Timothy Poterba, Cotton Seed, Jason Ernst, Mark Chaffin, Jesse Engreitz, Gina M. Peloso, Ani Manichaikul, Chaojie Yang, Kathleen A. Ryan, Mao Fu, W. Craig Johnson, Michael Tsai, Matthew Budoff, Ramachandran S. Vasan, L. Adrienne Cupples et al. 23 August 2018 | doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05975-y     Advertisement Nature Briefing is an essential round-up of science news, opinion and analysis, free in your inbox every weekday. With Nature Briefing, we'll keep you updated on the latest research, so you can focus on yours. Click here to sign up.   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. 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