EMBO reports Table of Contents for May 2017; Vol. 18, No. 5

May 2017 | Volume 18, Number 5 Submit Table of Contents News & Views Science & Society Reviews Scientific Reports Articles Volume 18, Number 5 News & Views Switching genes to silent mode near DNA double‐strand breaks A study in this issues shows that NELF‐E is recruited, in a PARP1‐dependent manner, to DSBs nearby active genes to shut down transcription and facilitate repair. Sophie E Polo Published online 23.03.2017 Science & Society The impact of environment on abnormal behavior and mental disease: To alleviate the prevalence of mental disorders, we need to phenotype the environment for risk factors The risk of mental diseases is determined by both genetic and environmental factors, the latter of which may have an even greater impact. To assess individual risk and design efficient preventive measures will require phenotyping environmental risk factors. Hannelore Ehrenreich Published online 27.03.2017 Healthy children without fear: Reproductive options for patients or couples carrying inherited diseases Prenatal diagnostics and preimplantation genetic screening are safe and efficient methods to help parents with inherited mutations for severe diseases to have healthy children. Its expansion into adult‐onset diseases and cancer raises challenges for regulation of assisted reproductive technologies and coverage by healthcare systems. Joep Geraedts Published online 10.04.2017 Technology versus biology: the limits of pre‐implantation genetic screening: Better methods to detect the origin of aneuploidy in pre‐implantation embryos could improve the success rate of artificial reproduction Current methods of determining the ploidy status of pre‐implantation embryos do not distinguish the causes of aneuploidy or its extent. Improving these diagnostic tests would help to improve the safety and efficacy of pre‐implantation embryo screening in assisted reproduction. Eli Y Adashi and Rajiv C McCoy Published online 29.03.2017 The role of biology in global climate change: Interdisciplinary research in biogeochemistry can help to understand local and global fluxes of carbon and other elements and inform environmental policies Biogeochemistry aims to understand the flux of elements between life, the atmosphere and the Earth's surface. Its insights could inform international policies to mitigate the effects of greenhouse gases and global climate change. Philip Hunter Published online 10.04.2017 Reviews Synapses in the spotlight with synthetic optogenetics While classic optogenetics can steer neural activity, it seldom provides insight into native neural receptor function. By adding light‐sensitive photoswitches to native receptors, synthetic optogenetics renders them photoregulatable, allowing them to be studied in their natural environment. Shai Berlin and Ehud Y Isacoff Published online 10.04.2017 Local translation in neuronal compartments: how local is local? Local protein synthesis is central for efficient neuronal function. This review discusses various aspects of local translation compartments such as size, biochemical and organelle composition, structural boundaries and temporal dynamics. Vidhya Rangaraju, Susanne tom Dieck, and Erin M Schuman Published online 12.04.2017 Scientific Reports Parkinson's disease‐associated receptor GPR37 is an ER chaperone for LRP6 Using a genome‐wide siRNA screen, this study identifies the Parkinson's disease‐associated receptor GPR37 as a novel ER chaperone for the Wnt co‐receptor LRP6. In neural progenitor cells GPR37 functions to promote Wnt‐driven neurogenesis. Birgit S Berger, Sergio P Acebron, Jessica Herbst, Stefan Koch, and Christof Niehrs Published online 24.03.2017 In situ structure of the Legionella Dot/Icm type IV secretion system by electron cryotomography Bacterial type IV secretion systems translocate protein and DNA, and are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple human diseases. This study presents the in situ structure of the Dot/Icm type IVB secretion system from the human pathogen Legionella pneumophila. Debnath Ghosal, Yi‐Wei Chang, Kwangcheol C Jeong, Joseph P Vogel, and Grant J Jensen Published online 23.03.2017 Apoptosis inhibitor 5 is an endogenous inhibitor of caspase‐2 Initiator caspases depend on dimerization for their activation. API5 directly binds to the CARD domain of caspase‐2 and prevents its dimerization. Gergely Imre, Jean Berthelet, Jan Heering, Sebastian Kehrloesser, Inga Maria Melzer, Byung Il Lee, Bernd Thiede, Volker Dötsch, and Krishnaraj Rajalingam Published online 23.03.2017 Articles NELF‐E is recruited to DNA double‐strand break sites to promote transcriptional repression and repair Transcription pause following DNA damage avoids collisions between transcription and repair machineries. This study shows that NELF‐E is recruited, in a PARP1‐dependent manner, to DSBs nearby active genes to shutdown transcription and facilitate repair. Samah W Awwad, Enas R Abu‐Zhayia, Noga Guttmann‐Raviv, and Nabieh Ayoub Published online 23.03.2017 Conserved Atg8 recognition sites mediate Atg4 association with autophagosomal membranes and Atg8 deconjugation Atg4 proteases are essential for the processing of Atg8/LC3 and autophagic flux. This study shows that yeast Atg4 is recruited to autophagosomal membranes via two conserved motifs, one of which specifically recognizes lipidated Atg8 (Atg8‐PE). Susana Abreu, Franziska Kriegenburg, Rubén Gómez‐Sánchez, Muriel Mari, Jana Sánchez‐Wandelmer, Mads Skytte Rasmussen, Rodrigo Soares Guimarães, Bettina Zens, Martina Schuschnig, Ralph Hardenberg, Matthias Peter, Terje Johansen, Claudine Kraft, Sascha Martens, and Fulvio Reggiori Published online 22.03.2017 TET3‐mediated DNA oxidation promotes ATR‐dependent DNA damage response An accurate and efficient DNA damage response is crucial for the maintenance of genome integrity. This study shows that TET3‐mediated DNA demethylation responds to DNA damage and promotes ATR‐dependent DNA damage signaling and repair. Dewei Jiang, Shu Wei, Fei Chen, Ying Zhang, and Jiali Li Published online 21.03.2017 USP26 regulates TGF‐β signaling by deubiquitinating and stabilizing SMAD7 As part of a negative feedback loop TGF‐β induces SMAD7 and complexes with SMURF2 to degrade the TGF‐β receptor. TGF‐β signaling also induces expression of USP26, which deubiquitinates and stabilizes SMAD7 resulting in downregulation of TGF‐β activity. Sarah Kit Leng Lui, Prasanna Vasudevan Iyengar, Patrick Jaynes, Zul Fazreen Bin Adam Isa, Brendan Pang, Tuan Zea Tan, and Pieter Johan Adam Eichhorn Published online 05.04.2017 CUE domain‐containing protein 2 promotes the Warburg effect and tumorigenesis CUEDC2 has originally been described to promote proteasome function, but regulates also other cellular key events, including tumorigenesis. This study shows that CUEDC2 facilitates the Warburg effect in cancer cells by up‐regulating the glycolytic enzymes GLUT3 and LDHA. Xiuying Zhong, Shengya Tian, Xiang Zhang, Xinwei Diao, Fangting Dong, Jie Yang, Zhaoyong Li, Linchong Sun, Lin Wang, Xiaoping He, Gongwei Wu, Xin Hu, Lihua Wang, Libing Song, Huafeng Zhang, Xin Pan, Ailing Li, and Ping Gao Published online 21.03.2017 RNA activation‐independent DNA targeting of the Type III CRISPR‐Cas system by a Csm complex The Type III CRISPR‐Cas system in T. onnurineus cleaves target ssDNA in a direct cis‐acting and target RNA‐independent manner, suggesting a novel ssDNA targeting mechanism of the Type III system. Kwang‐Hyun Park, Yan An, Tae‐Yang Jung, In‐Young Baek, Haemin Noh, Woo‐Chan Ahn, Hans Hebert, Ji‐Joon Song, Jeong‐Hoon Kim, Byung‐Ha Oh, and Eui‐Jeon Woo Published online 31.03.2017 The phosphorylation status of T522 modulates tissue‐specific functions of SIRT1 in energy metabolism in mice The phosphorylation of SIRT1 T522 is a critical element in the tissue‐specific regulation of SIRT1 activity in mice. This finding unveils an important link between environmental cues, SIRT1 phosphorylation and energy homeostasis. Jing Lu, Qing Xu, Ming Ji, Xiumei Guo, Xiaojiang Xu, David C Fargo, and Xiaoling Li Published online 31.03.2017   Unsubscribe from or edit your subscription for this service. Or by mail: Customer Service * 973 University Avenue * Los Gatos, CA 95032 * U.S.A. Copyright © 2017 by the European Molecular Biology Organisation.