Scientific Reports Biology Table of Contents e-alert: 28 March 2017

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28 March 2017      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               nature.com webcasts Join us for our upcoming webcast followed by live Q&A: NEW INNOVATIONS IN DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY  Presented by BioPharma Dealmakers Date: Wednesday, March 29, 2017 Time: 8AM PDT | 11AM EDT | 4PM BST | 5PM CEST REGISTER FOR FREE Sponsored by: Corium International | Portal Instruments Inc. | TissueGen Inc. | TrioxNano                 Biological Sciences               Environmental DNA in subterranean biology: range extension and taxonomic implications for Proteus ▶     Špela Gorički, David Stanković, Aleš Snoj et al.     Europe’s obligate cave-dwelling amphibian Proteus anguinus inhabits subterranean waters of the north-western Balkan Peninsula. Because only fragments of its habitat are …             Proteomic analysis indicates that mitochondrial energy metabolism in skeletal muscle tissue is negatively correlated with feed efficiency in pigs ▶     Liangliang Fu, Yueyuan Xu, Ye Hou et al.     Feed efficiency (FE) is a highly important economic trait in pig production. Investigating the molecular mechanisms of FE is essential for trait improvement. In this study, the …             Acute and chronic mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency differentially regulate lysosomal biogenesis ▶     Lorena Fernández-Mosquera, Cátia V. Diogo, King Faisal Yambire et al.     Mitochondria are key cellular signaling platforms, affecting fundamental processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and death. However, it remains unclear how …             The giant deep-sea octopus Haliphron atlanticus forages on gelatinous fauna ▶     H.J.T. Hoving, S.H.D. Haddock     Feeding strategies and predator-prey interactions of many deep-sea pelagic organisms are still unknown. This is also true for pelagic cephalopods, some of which are very abundant …             Identification and comparative analysis of the epidermal differentiation complex in snakes ▶     Karin Brigit Holthaus, Veronika Mlitz, Bettina Strasser et al.     The epidermis of snakes efficiently protects against dehydration and mechanical stress. However, only few proteins of the epidermal barrier to the environment have so far been …             C9ORF135 encodes a membrane protein whose expression is related to pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells ▶     Shixin Zhou, Yinan Liu, Yumin Ma et al.     Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a unique population of cells defined by their capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency. Here, we identified a previously uncharacterized …             Members of Gammaproteobacteria as indicator species of healthy banana plants on Fusarium wilt-infested fields in Central America ▶     Martina Köberl, Miguel Dita, Alfonso Martinuz et al.     Culminating in the 1950’s, bananas, the world’s most extensive perennial monoculture, suffered one of the most devastating disease epidemics in history. In Latin America and the …             Time- and dose dependent actions of cardiotonic steroids on transcriptome and intracellular content of Na+ and K+: a comparative analysis ▶     Elizaveta A. Klimanova, Artem M. Tverskoi, Svetlana V. Koltsova et al.     Recent studies demonstrated that in addition to Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition cardiotonic steroids (CTSs) affect diverse intracellular signaling pathways. This study examines the …             Community temporal variability increases with fluctuating resource availability ▶     Wei Li, M. Henry H. Stevens     An increase in the quantity of available resources is known to affect temporal variability of aggregate community properties. However, it is unclear how might fluctuations in …             Heterologous protein-DNA interactions lead to biased allelic expression of circadian clock genes in interspecific hybrids ▶     Danny W-K. Ng, Helen H. Y. Chen, Z. Jeffrey Chen     Genomic interactions in allopolyploids create expression variation of homoeologous alleles through protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. However, the molecular basis for …             PJA2 ubiquitinates the HIV-1 Tat protein with atypical chain linkages to activate viral transcription ▶     Tyler B. Faust, Yang Li, Gwendolyn M. Jang et al.     Transcription complexes that assemble at the HIV-1 promoter efficiently initiate transcription but generate paused RNA polymerase II downstream from the start site. The virally …             Stimulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by physical exercise and enriched environment is disturbed in a CADASIL mouse model ▶     C. Klein, S. Schreyer, F. E. Kohrs et al.     In the course of CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy), a dysregulated adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been …             53BP1 contributes to regulation of autophagic clearance of mitochondria ▶     Cha Kyung Youn, Hong Beum Kim, Ting Ting Wu et al.     Autophagy, the primary recycling pathway within cells, plays a critical role in mitochondrial quality control under normal growth conditions and in the cellular response to …             Activation of the mechanosensitive ion channel MscL by mechanical stimulation of supported Droplet-Hydrogel bilayers ▶     Kadla R. Rosholm, Matthew A. B. Baker, Pietro Ridone et al.     The droplet on hydrogel bilayer (DHB) is a novel platform for investigating the function of ion channels. Advantages of this setup include tight control of all bilayer …             Temporally dependent pollinator competition and facilitation with mass flowering crops affects yield in co-blooming crops ▶     Heather Grab, Eleanor J. Blitzer, Bryan Danforth et al.     One of the greatest challenges in sustainable agricultural production is managing ecosystem services, such as pollination, in ways that maximize crop yields. Most efforts to …             Oscillating Electric Field Measures the Rotation Rate in a Native Rotary Enzyme ▶     Csilla-Maria Ferencz, Pál Petrovszki, András Dér et al.     Rotary enzymes are complex, highly challenging biomolecular machines whose biochemical working mechanism involves intersubunit rotation. The true intrinsic rate of rotation of …             Sex-dependent effects on gut microbiota regulate hepatic carcinogenic outcomes ▶     Guoxiang Xie, Xiaoning Wang, Aihua Zhao et al.     Emerging evidence points to a strong association between sex and gut microbiota, bile acids (BAs), and gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we investigated the mechanistic link …             Nephronectin plays critical roles in Sox2 expression and proliferation in dental epithelial stem cells via EGF-like repeat domains ▶     Chieko Arai, Keigo Yoshizaki, Kanako Miyazaki et al.     Tooth development is initiated by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions via basement membrane (BM) and growth factors. In the present study, we found that nephronectin (Npnt), a …             Influenza A virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase act as novel motile machinery ▶     Tatsuya Sakai, Shin I. Nishimura, Tadasuke Naito et al.     Influenza A virus (IAV) membrane proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are determinants of virus infectivity, transmissibility, pathogenicity, host specificity, and …             The toxicity of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors to larvae of the disease vectors Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae ▶     Zatul-’Iffah Abu Hasan, Helen Williams, Nur M. Ismail et al.     The control of mosquitoes is threatened by the appearance of insecticide resistance and therefore new control chemicals are urgently required. Here we show that inhibitors of …             Synergistic infection of BrYV and PEMV 2 increases the accumulations of both BrYV and BrYV-derived siRNAs in Nicotiana benthamiana ▶     Cui-Ji Zhou, Xiao-Yan Zhang, Song-Yu Liu et al.     Viral synergism is caused by co-infection of two unrelated viruses, leading to more severe symptoms or increased titres of one or both viruses. Synergistic infection of …             Bioconversion of stilbenes in genetically engineered root and cell cultures of tobacco ▶     Diego Hidalgo, Ascensión Martínez-Márquez, Elisabeth Moyano et al.     It is currently possible to transfer a biosynthetic pathway from a plant to another organism. This system has been exploited to transfer the metabolic richness of certain plant …             Rattusin structure reveals a novel defensin scaffold formed by intermolecular disulfide exchanges ▶     Hye Jung Min, Hyosuk Yun, Sehyeon Ji et al.     Defensin peptides are essential for innate immunity in humans and other living systems, as they provide protection against infectious pathogens and regulate the immune response. …             A MYB transcription factor, DcMYB6, is involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple carrot taproots ▶     Zhi-Sheng Xu, Kai Feng, Feng Que et al.     Carrots are widely grown and enjoyed around the world. Purple carrots accumulate rich anthocyanins in the taproots, while orange, yellow, and red carrots accumulate rich …             Structure of the Cyanuric Acid Hydrolase TrzD Reveals Product Exit Channel ▶     Asim K Bera, Kelly G. Aukema, Mikael Elias et al.     Cyanuric acid hydrolases are of industrial importance because of their use in aquatic recreational facilities to remove cyanuric acid, a stabilizer for the chlorine. Degradation …             Sexual epigenetics: gender-specific methylation of a gene in the sex determining region of Populus balsamifera ▶     Katharina Bräutigam, Raju Soolanayakanahally, Marc Champigny et al.     Methylation has frequently been implicated in gender determination in plants. The recent discovery of the sex determining region (SDR) of balsam poplar, Populus balsamifera, …             Vitamin D both facilitates and attenuates the cellular response to lipopolysaccharide ▶     Ling Chen, Mathew Suji Eapen, Graeme R. Zosky     Vitamin D has a range of non-skeletal health effects and has been implicated in the response to respiratory infections. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of vitamin …             The KIF1A homolog Unc-104 is important for spontaneous release, postsynaptic density maturation and perisynaptic scaffold organization ▶     Yao V. Zhang, Shabab B. Hannan, Jeannine V. Kern et al.     The kinesin-3 family member KIF1A has been shown to be important for experience dependent neuroplasticity. In Drosophila, amorphic mutations in the KIF1A homolog unc-104 disrupt …             Transcriptome analysis of molecular mechanisms responsible for light-stress response in Mythimna separata (Walker) ▶     Yun Duan, ZhongJun Gong, RenHai Wu et al.     Light is an important environmental signal for most insects. The Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata, is a serious pest of cereal crops worldwide, and is highly sensitive to …             Epigenome mapping highlights chromatin-mediated gene regulation in the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis ▶     Min-Ji Song, Mikyoung Kim, Yeeun Choi et al.     Trichomonas vaginalis is an extracellular flagellated protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, one of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted diseases. To survive …             Increased soil nutrition and decreased light intensity drive species loss after eight years grassland enclosures ▶     Jingpeng Li, Zhirong Zheng, Hongtao Xie et al.     Enclosures (fenced, grazing or clipping) within a certain period of years are the most common tools for restoration of degraded grasslands in temperate regions. Short-term …             Stressor exposure has prolonged effects on colonic microbial community structure in Citrobacter rodentium-challenged mice ▶     Jeffrey D. Galley, Amy R. Mackos, Vanessa A. Varaljay et al.     Stressor exposure significantly affects the colonic mucosa-associated microbiota, and exacerbates Citrobacter rodentium-induced inflammation, effects that can be attenuated with …             Mind-wandering and alterations to default mode network connectivity when listening to naturalistic versus artificial sounds ▶     Cassandra D. Gould van Praag, Sarah N. Garfinkel, Oliver Sparasci et al.     Naturalistic environments have been demonstrated to promote relaxation and wellbeing. We assess opposing theoretical accounts for these effects through investigation of autonomic …             Molecular and functional heterogeneity of early postnatal porcine satellite cell populations is associated with bioenergetic profile ▶     Claudia Miersch, Katja Stange, Silvio Hering et al.     During postnatal development, hyperplastic and hypertrophic processes of skeletal muscle growth depend on the activation, proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of satellite …             MAOA rs1137070 and heroin addiction interactively alter gray matter volume of the salience network ▶     Yan Sun, Linwen Liu, Jiajia Feng et al.     The rs1137070 polymorphism of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is associated with alcoholism and smoking behavior. However, the association between rs1137070 and heroin addiction …             Tissue resident memory T cells in the human conjunctiva and immune signatures in human dry eye disease ▶     Tanima Bose, Ryan Lee, Aihua Hou et al.     Non-recirculating resident memory (TRM) and recirculating T cells mount vigorous immune responses to both self and foreign antigens in barrier tissues like the skin, lung and …             The Evolution and Expression Pattern of Human Overlapping lncRNA and Protein-coding Gene Pairs ▶     Qianqian Ning, Yixue Li, Zhen Wang et al.     Long non-coding RNA overlapping with protein-coding gene (lncRNA-coding pair) is a special type of overlapping genes. Protein-coding overlapping genes have been well studied and …             Novel 1, 4-dihydropyridines for L-type calcium channel as antagonists for cadmium toxicity ▶     Madhu Sudhana Saddala, Ramesh Kandimalla, Pradeepkiran Jangampalli Adi et al.     The present study, we design and synthesize the novel dihydropyridine derivatives, i.e., 3 (a-e) and 5 (a-e) and evaluated, anticonvulsant activity. Initially due to the lacuna …             HDAC1-3 inhibitor MS-275 enhances IL10 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages and reduces cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation in mice ▶     Niek G. J. Leus, Thea van den Bosch, Petra E. van der Wouden et al.     Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) constitutes a major health burden. Studying underlying molecular mechanisms could lead to new therapeutic targets. Macrophages are …             Genomic characterization of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ▶     Tarcisio Fedrizzi, Conor J. Meehan, Antonella Grottola et al.     Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae have remained, for many years, the primary species of the genus Mycobacterium of clinical and microbiological interest. The …             A primary human macrophage-enteroid co-culture model to investigate mucosal gut physiology and host-pathogen interactions ▶     Gaelle Noel, Nicholas W. Baetz, Janet F. Staab et al.     Integration of the intestinal epithelium and the mucosal immune system is critical for gut homeostasis. The intestinal epithelium is a functional barrier that secludes luminal …             Dynamic Changes in Amygdala Psychophysiological Connectivity Reveal Distinct Neural Networks for Facial Expressions of Basic Emotions ▶     Matteo Diano, Marco Tamietto, Alessia Celeghin et al.     The quest to characterize the neural signature distinctive of different basic emotions has recently come under renewed scrutiny. Here we investigated whether facial expressions …             Extracellular matrix protein Reelin promotes myeloma progression by facilitating tumor cell proliferation and glycolysis ▶     Xiaodan Qin, Liang Lin, Li Cao et al.     Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein that is crucial for neuron migration, adhesion, and positioning. We examined the expression of Reelin in a large cohort of multiple …             Spatiotemporal expression of osteopontin in the striatum of rats subjected to the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid correlates with microcalcification ▶     Tae-Ryong Riew, Hong Lim Kim, Xuyan Jin et al.     Our aim was to elucidate whether osteopontin (OPN) is involved in the onset of mineralisation and progression of extracellular calcification in striatal lesions due to …             Microstructural tissue-engineering in the rachis and barbs of bird feathers ▶     Theagarten Lingham-Soliar     Feathers do not have to be especially strong but they do need to be stiff and at the same time resilient and to have a high work of fracture. Syncitial barbule fibres are the …             Potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Stenotrophomonas sp. BHU-S7 (MTCC 5978) for management of soil-borne and foliar phytopathogens ▶     Sandhya Mishra, Braj Raj Singh, Alim H. Naqvi et al.     Stenotrophomonas sp. is emerging as a popular microbe of global concern with various potential ecological roles. Biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using this …             WT1 expression in breast cancer disrupts the epithelial/mesenchymal balance of tumour cells and correlates with the metabolic response to docetaxel ▶     Mara Artibani, Andrew H. Sims, Joan Slight et al.     WT1 is a transcription factor which regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal balance during embryonic development and, if mutated, can lead to the formation of Wilms’ tumour, the …             Nuclear localization of Beclin 1 promotes radiation-induced DNA damage repair independent of autophagy ▶     Fei Xu, Yixuan Fang, Lili Yan et al.     Beclin 1 is a well-established core mammalian autophagy protein that is embryonically indispensable and has been presumed to suppress oncogenesis via an autophagy-mediated …             The effects of self-selected light-dark cycles and social constraints on human sleep and circadian timing: a modeling approach ▶     Anne C. Skeldon, Andrew J. K. Phillips, Derk-Jan Dijk     Why do we go to sleep late and struggle to wake up on time? Historically, light-dark cycles were dictated by the solar day, but now humans can extend light exposure by switching …             Liposomes loaded with bioactive lipids enhance antibacterial innate immunity irrespective of drug resistance ▶     Noemi Poerio, Francesca Bugli, Francesco Taus et al.     Phagocytosis is a key mechanism of innate immunity, and promotion of phagosome maturation may represent a therapeutic target to enhance antibacterial host response. Phagosome …             Comprehensive track-structure based evaluation of DNA damage by light ions from radiotherapy-relevant energies down to stopping ▶     W. Friedland, E. Schmitt, P. Kundrát et al.     Track structures and resulting DNA damage in human cells have been simulated for hydrogen, helium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and neon ions with 0.25–256 MeV/u energy. The needed …             Derivation of Functional Human Astrocytes from Cerebral Organoids ▶     Rômulo Sperduto Dezonne, Rafaela Costa Sartore, Juliana Minardi Nascimento et al.     Astrocytes play a critical role in the development and homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocyte dysfunction results in several neurological and degenerative …             Mevalonate Cascade Inhibition by Simvastatin Induces the Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway via Depletion of Isoprenoids in Tumor Cells ▶     Javad Alizadeh, Amir A. Zeki, Nima Mirzaei et al.     The mevalonate (MEV) cascade is responsible for cholesterol biosynthesis and the formation of the intermediate metabolites geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (GGPP) and …             Hierarchical viscosity of aqueous solution of tilapia scale collagen investigated via dielectric spectroscopy between 500 MHz and 2.5 THz ▶     H. Kawamata, S. Kuwaki, T. Mishina et al.     Aqueous solutions of biomolecules such as proteins are very important model systems for understanding the functions of biomolecules in actual life processes because interactions …             Zinc deficiency and low enterocyte zinc transporter expression in human patients with autism related mutations in SHANK3 ▶     Stefanie Pfaender, Ann Katrin Sauer, Simone Hagmeyer et al.     Phelan McDermid Syndrome (PMDS) is a genetic disorder characterized by features of Autism spectrum disorders. Similar to reports of Zn deficiency in autistic children, we have …             Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 facilitates metastasis of gastric cancer through driving epithelial-mesenchymal transition and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β activation ▶     Can Li, Jie Zhang, Hao Wu et al.     Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a pattern recognition receptor that plays a critical role in vascular diseases and host immune response. …             Towards reproducible MRM based biomarker discovery using dried blood spots ▶     Sureyya Ozcan, Jason D. Cooper, Santiago G. Lago et al.     There is an increasing interest in the use of dried blood spot (DBS) sampling and multiple reaction monitoring in proteomics. Although several groups have explored the utility of …             Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis in Mice Following Mechanical Injury to the Synovial Joint ▶     Muhammad Farooq Rai, Xin Duan, James D. Quirk et al.     We investigated the spectrum of lesions characteristic of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) across the knee joint in response to mechanical injury. We hypothesized that …             Association of high normal HbA1c and TSH levels with the risk of CHD: a 10-year cohort study and SVM analysis ▶     Hui Li, Ying Cui, Yanan Zhu et al.     This study aimed to determine the association between the clinical reference range of serum glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and thyrotropin (TSH) and the risk of coronary heart …             Prognosis and value of preoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal signet-ring cell carcinoma ▶     Chun-Run Ling, Rui Wang, Mo-Jin Wang et al.     As well known, signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare histological subtype of colorectal adenocarcinoma, which has been associated with poor prognosis and resistant to …             Assortative Mating: Encounter-Network Topology and the Evolution of Attractiveness ▶     S. Dipple, T. Jia, T. Caraco et al.     We model a social-encounter network where linked nodes match for reproduction in a manner depending probabilistically on each node’s attractiveness. The developed model reveals …             Elevated angiopoietin 2 in aqueous of patients with neovascular age related macular degeneration correlates with disease severity at presentation ▶     Danny S. Ng, Yolanda W. Yip, Malini Bakthavatsalam et al.     Angiopoietin 2 (ANG2) is a proangiogenic cytokine which may have an implication in neovascular age related macular degeneration (nAMD). In 24 eyes of 24 subjects presenting with …             Brain arousal regulation as response predictor for antidepressant therapy in major depression ▶     Frank M. Schmidt, Christian Sander, Marie-Elisa Dietz et al.     A tonically high level of brain arousal and its hyperstable regulation is supposed to be a pathogenic factor in major depression. Preclinical studies indicate that most …             Differential roles of caspase-1 and caspase-11 in infection and inflammation ▶     Si Ming Man, Rajendra Karki, Benoit Briard et al.     Caspase-1, also known as interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-converting enzyme (ICE), regulates antimicrobial host defense, tissue repair, tumorigenesis, metabolism and membrane biogenesis. …             Skeletal Muscle Pump Drives Control of Cardiovascular and Postural Systems ▶     Ajay K. Verma, Amanmeet Garg, Da Xu et al.     The causal interaction between cardio-postural-musculoskeletal systems is critical in maintaining postural stability under orthostatic challenge. The absence or reduction of such …             Multicolor bioimaging with biosynthetic zinc nanoparticles and their application in tumor detection ▶     Yanjun Kang, Yi-Zhou Wu, Xianyun Hu et al.     Because they generate excellent images, nanoparticles (NPs), especially biosynthesized NPs, provide a new solution for tumor imaging. In this research, we unveil a novel type of …             Cyclophilins and nucleoporins are required for infection mediated by capsids from circulating HIV-2 primary isolates ▶     João I. Mamede, Florence Damond, Ariel de Bernardo et al.     HIV-2 groups have emerged from sooty mangabey SIV and entered the human population in Africa on several separate occasions. Compared to world pandemic HIV-1 that arose from the …             Two-dimensional electronic spectra of the photosynthetic apparatus of green sulfur bacteria ▶     Tobias Kramer, Mirta Rodriguez     Advances in time resolved spectroscopy have provided new insight into the energy transmission in natural photosynthetic complexes. Novel theoretical tools and models are being …             Detecting truly clonal alterations from multi-region profiling of tumours ▶     Benjamin Werner, Arne Traulsen, Andrea Sottoriva et al.     Modern cancer therapies aim at targeting tumour-specific alterations, such as mutations or neo-antigens, and maximal treatment efficacy requires that targeted alterations are …             Impact of molecular subtypes on metastatic breast cancer patients: a SEER population-based study ▶     Yue Gong, Yi-Rong Liu, Peng Ji et al.     To investigate the significance and impact of molecular subtyping stratification on metastatic breast cancer patients, we identified 159,344 female breast cancer patients in the …             PTPIP51 regulates mouse cardiac ischemia/reperfusion through mediating the mitochondria-SR junction ▶     Xue Qiao, Shi Jia, Jingjing Ye et al.     Protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51) participates in multiple cellular processes, and dysfunction of PTPIP51 is implicated in diseases such as cancer and …             Copy number variation profile in the placental and parental genomes of recurrent pregnancy loss families ▶     Laura Kasak, Kristiina Rull, Siim Sõber et al.     We have previously shown an extensive load of somatic copy number variations (CNVs) in the human placental genome with the highest fraction detected in normal term pregnancies. …             Oral chromium picolinate impedes hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis and inhibits proatherogenic protein TSP-1 expression in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic ApoE−/− mice ▶     Rituparna Ganguly, Soumyadip Sahu, Vahagn Ohanyan et al.     Increasing evidence suggests thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a potent proatherogenic matricellular protein, as a putative link between hyperglycemia and atherosclerotic complications …             Stepwise analysis of MIR9 loci identifies miR-9-5p to be involved in Oestrogen regulated pathways in breast cancer patients ▶     Raffaela Barbano, Barbara Pasculli, Michelina Rendina et al.     miR-9 was initially identified as an epigenetically regulated miRNA in tumours, but inconsistent findings have been reported so far. We analysed the expression of miR-9-5p, …             Breeding system and spatial isolation from congeners strongly constrain seed set in an insect-pollinated apomictic tree: Sorbus subcuneata (Rosaceae) ▶     Tracey J. Hamston, Robert J. Wilson, Natasha de Vere et al.     In plants, apomixis results in the production of clonal offspring via seed and can provide reproductive assurance for isolated individuals. However, many apomicts require …             Characterization of the Soluble NSF Attachment Protein gene family identifies two members involved in additive resistance to a plant pathogen ▶     Naoufal Lakhssassi, Shiming Liu, Sadia Bekal et al.     Proteins with Tetratricopeptide-repeat (TPR) domains are encoded by large gene families and distributed in all plant lineages. In this study, the Soluble NSF-Attachment Protein …             Simultaneously measuring multiple protein interactions and their correlations in a cell by Protein-interactome Footprinting ▶     Si-Wei Luo, Zhi Liang, Jia-Rui Wu     Quantitatively detecting correlations of multiple protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in vivo is a big challenge. Here we introduce a novel method, termed Protein-interactome …             Automated detection and enumeration of marine wildlife using unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and thermal imagery ▶     A. C. Seymour, J. Dale, M. Hammill et al.     Estimating animal populations is critical for wildlife management. Aerial surveys are used for generating population estimates, but can be hampered by cost, logistical …             Alizarin Red S for Online Pyrophosphate Detection Identified by a Rapid Screening Method ▶     Jens Fischbach, Qiuting Loh, Frank F. Bier et al.     We identified Alizarin Red S and other well known fluorescent dyes useful for the online detection of pyrophosphate in enzymatic assays, including the loop mediated isothermal …             Protein interaction evolution from promiscuity to specificity with reduced flexibility in an increasingly complex network ▶     T. Alhindi, Z. Zhang, P. Ruelens et al.     A key question regarding protein evolution is how proteins adapt to the dynamic environment in which they function and how in turn their evolution shapes the protein interaction …             Difference in diel mating time contributes to assortative mating between host plant-associated populations of Chilo suppressalis ▶     Wei-Li Quan, Wen Liu, Rui-Qi Zhou et al.     Behavioral isolation in animals can be mediated by inherent mating preferences and assortative traits, such as divergence in the diel timing of mating activity. Although …             The cellular protein hnRNP A2/B1 enhances HIV-1 transcription by unfolding LTR promoter G-quadruplexes ▶     Matteo Scalabrin, Ilaria Frasson, Emanuela Ruggiero et al.     G-quadruplexes are four-stranded conformations of nucleic acids that act as cellular epigenetic regulators. A dynamic G-quadruplex forming region in the HIV-1 LTR promoter …             Entropic stabilization of a deubiquitinase provides conformational plasticity and slow unfolding kinetics beneficial for functioning on the proteasome ▶     Yun-Tzai Cloud Lee, Chia-Yun Chang, Szu-Yu Chen et al.     Human ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolyase UCH-L5 is a topologically knotted deubiquitinase that is activated upon binding to the proteasome subunit Rpn13. The length of its …             Superposition-free comparison and clustering of antibody binding sites: implications for the prediction of the nature of their antigen ▶     Lorenzo Di Rienzo, Edoardo Milanetti, Rosalba Lepore et al.     We describe here a superposition free method for comparing the surfaces of antibody binding sites based on the Zernike moments and show that they can be used to quickly compare …             A Portable Immunosensor with Differential Pressure Gauges Readout for Alpha Fetoprotein Detection ▶     Qingping Wang, Rongjie Li, Kang Shao et al.     A portable, affordable and simple detector is requested in a “Point-of-Care-Testing” (POCT) system. In this study, we exploited the potentialities of Differential Pressure Gauge …             Cigarette Smoke Impairs A2A Adenosine Receptor Mediated Wound Repair through Up-regulation of Duox-1 Expression ▶     Zhi Tian, Hui Zhang, Jendayi Dixon et al.     Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and intrinsic factors such as the NADPH oxidases produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ensuing inflammatory tissue injury. We …             Bivariate genomic analysis identifies a hidden locus associated with bacteria hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis thaliana ▶     Biao Wang, Zhuocheng Li, Weilin Xu et al.     Multi-phenotype analysis has drawn increasing attention to high-throughput genomic studies, whereas only a few applications have justified the use of multivariate techniques. We …             Identification of hexose kinase genes in Kluyveromyces marxianus and thermo-tolerant one step producing glucose-free fructose strain construction ▶     Guorong Zhang, Min Lu, Jichao Wang et al.     In yeast, the hexose assimilation is started at hexose phosphorylation. However, in Kluyveromyces marxianus, the hexokinase (HXK) and glucokinase (GLK) genes were not identified …             Genome-wide random regression analysis for parent-of-origin effects of body composition allometries in mouse ▶     Jingli Zhao, Shuling Li, Lijuan Wang et al.     Genomic imprinting underlying growth and development traits has been recognized, with a focus on the form of absolute or pure growth. However, little is known about the effect of …             Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, DNA Damage Protective, Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activities of Cyperus rotundus Rhizomes Essential Oil against Foodborne Pathogens ▶     Qing-Ping Hu, Xin-Ming Cao, Dong-Lin Hao et al.     Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae) is a medicinal herb traditionally used to treat various clinical conditions at home. In this study, chemical composition of Cyperus rotundus …             A post-weaning obesogenic diet exacerbates the detrimental effects of maternal obesity on offspring insulin signaling in adipose tissue ▶     Juliana de Almeida Faria, Daniella Duque-Guimarães, Asha A. M. Carpenter et al.     Previous studies have shown that maternal diet-induced obesity leads to increased risk of type 2 diabetes in offspring. The current study investigated if weaning onto an …             Epigenetic Regulation of Intronic Transgenes in Arabidopsis ▶     Kenji Osabe, Yoshiko Harukawa, Saori Miura et al.     Defense mechanisms of plant genomes can epigenetically inactivate repetitive sequences and exogenous transgenes. Loss of mutant phenotypes in intronic T-DNA insertion lines by …             The identification of ᴅ-tryptophan as a bioactive substance for postembryonic ovarian development in the planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis ▶     Kazuya Kobayashi, Takanobu Maezawa, Hiroyuki Tanaka et al.     Many metazoans start germ cell development during embryogenesis, while some metazoans possessing pluripotent stem cells undergo postembryonic germ cell development. The latter …             The miR-24-3p/p130Cas: a novel axis regulating the migration and invasion of cancer cells ▶     Hoin Kang, Jun Gi Rho, Chongtae Kim et al.     MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by suppressing translation or facilitating mRNA decay. Differential expression of miRNAs is …             Prevalence of ST1193 clone and IncI1/ST16 plasmid in E-coli isolates carrying blaCTX-M-55 gene from urinary tract infections patients in China ▶     Liang Xia, Yang Liu, Shu Xia et al.     To study molecular epidemiology of CTX-M-55-carrying Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs) in China. 111 blaCTX-M-55-positive E.coli isolates from UTIs …             Antiproliferative Activity of Crocin Involves Targeting of Microtubules in Breast Cancer Cells ▶     Rupali R. Hire, Shalini Srivastava, Melissa B. Davis et al.     Crocin, a component of saffron spice, is known to have an anticancer activity. However, the targets of crocin are not known. In this study, crocin was found to inhibit the …             The Effect Of microbial Mats In The Decay Of Anurans With Implications For Understanding Taphonomic Processes In The Fossil Record ▶     M. Iniesto, I. Villalba, A. D. Buscalioni et al.     The pattern and sequence of the decomposition of the Pipidae African dwarf frog (Hymenochirus boettgeri) is tracked in an experiment with microbial mats in order to explore soft …             Corrigendum: Inference of immune cell composition on the expression profiles of mouse tissue ▶     Ziyi Chen, Anfei Huang, Jiya Sun et al.                 The role of CREB3L4 in the proliferation of prostate cancer cells ▶     Tae-Hyun Kim, Joo-Man Park, Mi-Young Kim et al.     The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) is growing rapidly throughout the world, in probable association with the adoption of western style diets. Thus, understanding the molecular …             Dissecting miRNA gene repression on single cell level with an advanced fluorescent reporter system ▶     Nicolas Lemus-Diaz, Kai O. Böker, Ignacio Rodriguez-Polo et al.     Despite major advances on miRNA profiling and target predictions, functional readouts for endogenous miRNAs are limited and frequently lead to contradicting conclusions. Numerous …             A distinct bacterial dysbiosis associated skin inflammation in ovine footrot ▶     Grazieli Maboni, Adam Blanchard, Sara Frosth et al.     Ovine footrot is a highly prevalent bacterial disease caused by Dichelobacter nodosus and characterised by the separation of the hoof horn from the underlying skin. The role of …             Neurotoxicity Comparison of Two Types of Local Anaesthetics: Amide-Bupivacaine versus Ester-Procaine ▶     Xu-jiao Yu, Wei Zhao, Yu-jie Li et al.     Local anaesthetics (LAs) may lead to neurological complications, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Many neurotoxicity research studies have examined different LAs, …             Cavity filling mutations at the thyroxine-binding site dramatically increase transthyretin stability and prevent its aggregation ▶     Ricardo Sant’Anna, Maria Rosário Almeida, Nathalia Varejāo et al.     More than a hundred different Transthyretin (TTR) mutations are associated with fatal systemic amyloidoses. They destabilize the protein tetrameric structure and promote the …             Molecular heterogeneity in major urinary proteins of Mus musculus subspecies: potential candidates involved in speciation ▶     Jane L. Hurst, Robert J. Beynon, Stuart D. Armstrong et al.     When hybridisation carries a cost, natural selection is predicted to favour evolution of traits that allow assortative mating (reinforcement). Incipient speciation between the …             Veratridine produces distinct calcium response profiles in mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia neurons ▶     Zainab A. Mohammed, Ciara Doran, David Grundy et al.     Nociceptors are a subpopulation of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons that detect noxious stimuli and signal pain. Veratridine (VTD) is a voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) …             Ghrelin Facilitates GLUT2-, SGLT1- and SGLT2-mediated Intestinal Glucose Transport in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) ▶     Ayelén Melisa Blanco, Juan Ignacio Bertucci, Naresh Ramesh et al.     Glucose homeostasis is an important biological process that involves a variety of regulatory mechanisms. This study aimed to determine whether ghrelin, a multifunctional …             Intermediate filament reorganization dynamically influences cancer cell alignment and migration ▶     Andrew W. Holle, Melih Kalafat, Adria Sales Ramos et al.     The interactions between a cancer cell and its extracellular matrix (ECM) have been the focus of an increasing amount of investigation. The role of the intermediate filament …             Septin 9_i2 is downregulated in tumors, impairs cancer cell migration and alters subnuclear actin filaments ▶     P. Verdier-Pinard, D. Salaun, H. Bouguenina et al.     Functions of septin cytoskeletal polymers in tumorigenesis are still poorly defined. Their role in the regulation of cytokinesis and cell migration were proposed to contribute to …             Isolation and characterization of the E. coli membrane protein production strain Mutant56(DE3) ▶     Thomas Baumgarten, Susan Schlegel, Samuel Wagner et al.     Membrane protein production is usually toxic to E. coli. However, using genetic screens strains can be isolated in which the toxicity of membrane protein production is reduced, …             A role of the SAM domain in EphA2 receptor activation ▶     Xiaojun Shi, Vera Hapiak, Ji Zheng et al.     Among the 20 subfamilies of protein receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), Eph receptors are unique in possessing a sterile alpha motif (SAM domain) at their C-terminal ends. However, …             Renin-angiotensin system acting on reactive oxygen species in paraventricular nucleus induces sympathetic activation via AT1R/PKCγ/Rac1 pathway in salt-induced hypertension ▶     Qing Su, Chan-Juan Huo, Hong-Bao Li et al.     Brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) could regulate oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the development of hypertension. This study was designed to explore …             The histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid inhibits NKG2D expression in natural killer cells through suppression of STAT3 and HDAC3 ▶     Lulu Ni, Lixin Wang, Chao Yao et al.     NKG2D is a major activating receptor of NK cells and plays a critical role in tumor immunosurveillance. NKG2D expression in NK cells is inhibited by the histone deacetylase …             The Transmembrane Serine Protease HAT-like 4 Is Important for Epidermal Barrier Function to Prevent Body Fluid Loss ▶     Zhiwei Zhang, Yae Hu, Ruhong Yan et al.     Membrane-bound proteases are essential for epidermal integrity. Human airway trypsin-like protease 4 (HAT-L4) is a type II transmembrane serine protease. Currently, its …             TIGAR knockdown radiosensitizes TrxR1-overexpressing glioma in vitro and in vivo via inhibiting Trx1 nuclear transport ▶     Yushuo Zhang, Fei Chen, Guomei Tai et al.     The up-regulation of thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1) is detected in more than half of gliomas, which is significantly associated with increased malignancy grade and recurrence …             Identification of cardiac hemo-vascular precursors and their requirement of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 for heart development ▶     Yan Hu, Brian C. Belyea, Minghong Li et al.     The cardiac endothelium plays a crucial role in the development of a functional heart. However, the precise identification of the endocardial precursors and the mechanisms they …             Noninvasive measurement of transdermal drug delivery by impedance spectroscopy ▶     Pasquale Arpaia, Umberto Cesaro, Nicola Moccaldi     The effectiveness in transdermal delivery of skin permeation strategies (e.g., chemical enhancers, vesicular carrier systems, sonophoresis, iontophoresis, and electroporation) is …             Gsα Controls Cortical Bone Quality by Regulating Osteoclast Differentiation via cAMP/PKA and β-Catenin Pathways ▶     Girish Ramaswamy, Hyunsoo Kim, Deyu Zhang et al.     Skeletal bone formation and maintenance requires coordinate functions of several cell types, including bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts. Gsα, the …             Evaluation of 5 Novel protein biomarkers for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis: preliminary results ▶     Amit Singh, Anil Kumar Gupta, Krishnamoorthy Gopinath et al.     Improved methods are required for the early and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis, especially in the patients with smear-negative disease. Several biomarkers have been tried but …             Circulating tumor cell status monitors the treatment responses in breast cancer patients: a meta-analysis ▶     Wen-Ting Yan, Xiang Cui, Qing Chen et al.     Whether circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be used as an indicator of treatment response in breast cancer (BC) needs to be clarified. We addressed this issue by a meta-analysis. …             Non-thermal air plasma promotes the healing of acute skin wounds in rats ▶     S. Kubinova, K. Zaviskova, L. Uherkova et al.     Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has nonspecific antibacterial effects, and can be applied as an effective tool for the treatment of chronic wounds and other skin pathologies. In this …             Resveratrol attenuates ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesiveness to TNF-α-treated endothelial cells: evidence for an anti-inflammatory cascade mediated by the miR-221/222/AMPK/p38/NF-κB pathway ▶     Chen-Wei Liu, Hsin-Ching Sung, Shu-Rung Lin et al.     Resveratrol, an edible polyphenolic phytoalexin, improves endothelial dysfunction and attenuates inflammation. However, the mechanisms have not been thoroughly elucidated. …             Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Inhibit Cytomegalovirus Inflammation through Interleukin-27 and B7-H4 ▶     Ankita Garg, Rodney Trout, Stephen A. Spector     HIV/CMV co-infected persons despite prolonged viral suppression often experience persistent immune activation, have an increased frequency of myeloid derived suppressor cells …             Abnormal levels of histone methylation in the retinas of diabetic rats are reversed by minocycline treatment ▶     Wenjun Wang, Simone Sidoli, Wenquan Zhang et al.     In this study we quantified the alterations of retinal histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) in diabetic rats using a liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry …             Effect of prolonged freezing of semen on exosome recovery and biologic activity ▶     Jennifer L. Welch, Marisa N. Madison, Joseph B. Margolick et al.     Exosomes are important vehicles of intercellular communication that shape host responses to physiologic, tumorigenic, and pathogenic conditions. The composition and function of …             Microvasculature on a chip: study of the Endothelial Surface Layer and the flow structure of Red Blood Cells ▶     Daria Tsvirkun, Alexei Grichine, Alain Duperray et al.     Microvasculatures-on-a-chip, i.e. in vitro models that mimic important features of microvessel networks, have gained increasing interest in recent years. Such devices have …             Corrigendum: Sensory augmentation: integration of an auditory compass signal into human perception of space ▶     Frank Schumann, J. Kevin O’Regan                 Corrigendum: Drug Response Prediction as a Link Prediction Problem ▶     Zachary Stanfield, Mustafa Coşkun, Mehmet Koyutürk                 The chemokine receptor CXCR4 promotes granuloma formation by sustaining a mycobacteria-induced angiogenesis programme ▶     Vincenzo Torraca, Claudia Tulotta, B. Ewa Snaar-Jagalska et al.     CXC chemokine receptor 4 plays a critical role in chemotaxis and leukocyte differentiation. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that links this receptor to angiogenesis. Us…             Decreased 16:0/20:4-phosphatidylinositol level in the post-mortem prefrontal cortex of elderly patients with schizophrenia ▶     Junya Matsumoto, Hiroki Nakanishi, Yasuto Kunii et al.     The etiology of schizophrenia includes phospholipid abnormalities. Phospholipids are bioactive substances essential for brain function. To analyze differences in the quantity and …             Injections through skin colonized with Staphylococcus aureus biofilm introduce contamination despite standard antimicrobial preparation procedures ▶     Yi Wang, Valery Leng, Viraj Patel et al.     While surgical site preparation has been extensively studied, there is little information about resistance of skin microbiota in the biofilm form to antimicrobial …             B lymphocytes play a limited role in clearance of Campylobacter jejuni from the chicken intestinal tract ▶     Lizeth Lacharme-Lora, Gemma Chaloner, Rachel Gilroy et al.     Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis with contaminated poultry meat its main source. Control of C. jejuni is a priority for the …             Corrigendum: Ocular exposure to blue-enriched light has an asymmetric influence on neural activity and spatial attention ▶     Daniel P. Newman, Steven W. Lockley, Gerard M. Loughnane et al.                 Corrigendum: Systemic regulation of L-carnitine in nutritional metabolism in zebrafish, Daniorerio ▶     Jia-Min Li, Ling-Yu Li, Xuan Qin et al.                 Erratum: Characterization of the Pathogenesis of H10N3, H10N7, and H10N8 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses Circulating in Ducks ▶     Miaomiao Zhang, Xingxing Zhang, Kaidi Xu et al.                 LOXL2 drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition via activation of IRE1-XBP1 signalling pathway ▶     Eva P. Cuevas, Pilar Eraso, María J. Mazón et al.     Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a key process contributing to the aggressiveness of cancer cells. EMT is triggered by activation of different transcription factors …             BAP31 is involved in T cell activation through TCR signal pathways ▶     Kunwei Niu, Jialin Xu, Yuhua Cao et al.     BAP31 is a ubiquitously expressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein. The functions of BAP31 in the immune system have not been investigated due to the lack of animal …             The Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone GRP78/BiP Modulates Prion Propagation in vitro and in vivo ▶     Kyung-Won Park, Gyoung Eun Kim, Rodrigo Morales et al.     Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders affecting several mammalian species, characterized by the accumulation of the misfolded form of the prion protein, which is …             Integrated DNA and RNA extraction using magnetic beads from viral pathogens causing acute respiratory infections ▶     Hui He, Rongqun Li, Yi Chen et al.     Current extraction methods often extract DNA and RNA separately, and few methods are capable of co-extracting DNA and RNA from sputum. We established a nucleic acid co-extraction …             Effect of probe diffusion on the SOFI imaging accuracy ▶     Wim Vandenberg, Peter Dedecker     Live-cell super-resolution fluorescence imaging is becoming commonplace for exploring biological systems, though sample dynamics can affect the imaging quality. In this work we …             miR-18a counteracts AKT and ERK activation to inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic progenitor cells ▶     Xuyan Li, Zhenwu Zhang, Yunchao Li et al.     Activation of endogenous stem/progenitor cells to repair injured tissues is an ideal option for disease treatment. However, adult pancreatic progenitor cells remain in a …             Mechanistic platform knowledge of concomitant sugar uptake in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strains ▶     David J. Wurm, Johanna Hausjell, Sophia Ulonska et al.     When producing recombinant proteins, the use of Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) in combination with the T7-based pET-expression system is often the method of choice. In a …             A new class of inhibitors of the AraC family virulence regulator Vibrio cholerae ToxT ▶     Anne K. Woodbrey, Evans O. Onyango, Maria Pellegrini et al.     Vibrio cholerae is responsible for the diarrheal disease cholera that infects millions of people worldwide. While vaccines protecting against cholera exist, and oral rehydration …             Corrigendum: Endocytic recycling protein EHD1 regulates primary cilia morphogenesis and SHH signaling during neural tube development ▶     Sohinee Bhattacharyya, Mark A. Rainey, Priyanka Arya et al.                 Fidelity of classwide-resistant HIV-2 reverse transcriptase and differential contribution of K65R to the accuracy of HIV-1 and HIV-2 reverse transcriptases ▶     Mar Álvarez, Alba Sebastián-Martín, Guillermo García-Marquina et al.     Nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors constitute the backbone of current therapies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2, …             TRPM8 in the negative regulation of TNFα expression during cold stress ▶     Xin-Pei Wang, Xuan Yu, Xiao-Jin Yan et al.     Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-8 (TRPM8) reportedly plays a fundamental role in a variety of processes including cold sensation, thermoregulation, pain transduction and …             Variation in sensitivity of large benthic Foraminifera to the combined effects of ocean warming and local impacts ▶     Martina Prazeres, T. Edward Roberts, John M. Pandolfi     Large benthic foraminifera (LBF) are crucial marine calcifiers in coral reefs, and sensitive to environmental changes. Yet, many species successfully colonise a wide range of …             Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory Activity of the Chicken NK-Lysin-Derived Peptide cNK-2 ▶     Woo H. Kim, Hyun S. Lillehoj, Wongi Min     Chicken NK-lysin (cNK-lysin), the chicken homologue of human granulysin, is a cationic amphiphilic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that is produced by cytotoxic T cells and natural …             PML nuclear bodies contribute to the basal expression of the mTOR inhibitor DDIT4 ▶     Jayme Salsman, Alex Stathakis, Ellen Parker et al.     The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is an essential component of PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs) frequently lost in cancer. PML NBs coordinate chromosomal regions via …             Dairy cows value access to pasture as highly as fresh feed ▶     Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk, Andressa Amorim Cestari, Becca Franks et al.     Many dairy cows in the developed world are now housed exclusively indoors with fewer than 5% of the 10 million lactating cows in the United States having access to pasture during …             Xeno-free culture of human pluripotent stem cells on oligopeptide-grafted hydrogels with various molecular designs ▶     Yen-Ming Chen, Li-Hua Chen, Meng-Pei Li et al.     Establishing cultures of human embryonic (ES) and induced pluripotent (iPS) stem cells in xeno-free conditions is essential for producing clinical-grade cells. Development of …             Identification and characterization of the abscisic acid (ABA) receptor gene family and its expression in response to hormones in the rubber tree ▶     Dong Guo, Ying Zhou, Hui-Liang Li et al.     Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential phytohormone involved in diverse physiological processes. Although genome-wide analyses of the ABA receptor PYR/PYL/RCAR (PYL) protein/gene …             Corrigendum: NF-kappaB-inducing kinase regulates stem cell phenotype in breast cancer ▶     Karla Vazquez-Santillan, Jorge Melendez-Zajgla, Luis Enrique Jimenez-Hernandez et al.                 Hunting promotes spatial reorganization and sexually selected infanticide ▶     M. Leclerc, S. C. Frank, A. Zedrosser et al.     Harvest can affect the ecology and evolution of wild species. The removal of key individuals, such as matriarchs or dominant males, can disrupt social structure and exacerbate …             Cross-neutralizing anti-HIV-1 human single chain variable fragments(scFvs) against CD4 binding site and N332 glycan identified from a recombinant phage library ▶     Lubina Khan, Rajesh Kumar, Ramachandran Thiruvengadam et al.     More than 50% of HIV-1 infection globally is caused by subtype_C viruses. Majority of the broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting HIV-1 have been isolated from …             Structural insights into the nucleotide base specificity of P2X receptors ▶     Go Kasuya, Yuichiro Fujiwara, Hisao Tsukamoto et al.     P2X receptors are trimeric ATP-gated cation channels involved in diverse physiological processes, ranging from muscle contraction to nociception. Despite the recent structure …             Nutrient-cycling mechanisms other than the direct absorption from soil may control forest structure and dynamics in poor Amazonian soils ▶     Oriol Grau, Josep Peñuelas, Bruno Ferry et al.     Tropical forests store large amounts of biomass despite they generally grow in nutrient-poor soils, suggesting that the role of soil characteristics in the structure and dynamics …             Corrigendum: Surface mediated cooperative interactions of drugs enhance mechanical forces for antibiotic action ▶     Joseph W. Ndieyira, Joe Bailey, Samadhan B. Patil et al.                 Corrigendum: Word pair classification during imagined speech using direct brain recordings ▶     Stephanie Martin, Peter Brunner, Iñaki Iturrate et al.                 The Arabidopsis miR396 mediates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immune responses against fungal pathogens ▶     Mauricio Soto-Suárez, Patricia Baldrich, Detlef Weigel et al.     MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in regulating gene expression during plant development. Although a substantial fraction of plant miRNAs has proven responsive to pathogen …             Calmodulin is responsible for Ca2+-dependent regulation of TRPA1 Channels ▶     Raquibul Hasan, Alasdair T. S. Leeson-Payne, Jonathan H. Jaggar et al.     TRPA1 is a Ca2+-permeable ion channel involved in many sensory disorders such as pain, itch and neuropathy. Notably, the function of TRPA1 depends on Ca2+, with low Ca2+ …             Metabolic Flux Redirection and Transcriptomic Reprogramming in the Albino Tea Cultivar ‘Yu-Jin-Xiang’ with an Emphasis on Catechin Production ▶     Guo-Feng Liu, Zhuo-Xiao Han, Lin Feng et al.     In this study, shade-induced conversion from a young pale/yellow leaf phenotype to a green leaf phenotype was studied using metabolic and transcriptomic profiling and the albino …             Enzyme IIANtr Regulates Salmonella Invasion Via 1,2-Propanediol And Propionate Catabolism ▶     Woongjae Yoo, Dajeong Kim, Hyunjin Yoon et al.     Many Proteobacteria possess a nitrogen-metabolic phosphotransferase system (PTSNtr) consisting of EINtr, NPr, and EIIANtr (encoded by ptsP, ptsO, and ptsN, respectively). The PTS…             A conformational change within the WAVE2 complex regulates its degradation following cellular activation ▶     Noah Joseph, Guy Biber, Sophia Fried et al.     WASp family Verprolin-homologous protein-2 (WAVE2), a member of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) family of actin nucleation promoting factors, is a central regulator …             Fucoidan induces Toll-like receptor 4-regulated reactive oxygen species and promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in lung cancer ▶     Hsien-Yeh Hsu, Tung-Yi Lin, Mei-Kuang Lu et al.     Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from brown algae, exhibits anti-cancer activity. However, the effects and mechanism of fucoidan-induced apoptosis via endoplasmic …             Bioreactor mechanically guided 3D mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis using a biocompatible novel thermo-reversible methylcellulose-based hydrogel ▶     A. Cochis, S. Grad, M. J. Stoddart et al.     Autologous chondrocyte implantation for cartilage repair represents a challenge because strongly limited by chondrocytes’ poor expansion capacity in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells …             Lumican effectively regulates the estrogen receptors-associated functional properties of breast cancer cells, expression of matrix effectors and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition ▶     Konstantina Karamanou, Marco Franchi, Zoi Piperigkou et al.     Lumican is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan that has been shown to contribute in several physiological processes, but also to exert anticancer activity. On the other hand, it …             Improved lysis efficiency and immunogenicity of Salmonella ghosts mediated by co-expression of λ phage holin-endolysin and ɸX174 gene E ▶     Gayeon Won, Irshad Ahmed Hajam, John Hwa Lee     Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty cell envelopes derived from Gram-negative bacteria by bacteriophage ɸX174 gene E mediated lysis. They represent a novel inactivated vaccine …             Retinol Binding Protein-4 Levels and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A community-based cross-sectional study ▶     Xuechen Chen, Tianran Shen, Qing Li et al.     Previous reports on the association between retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were controversial. This study aimed to investigate the …             Hierarchical meso/macro-porous carbon fabricated from dual MgO templates for direct electron transfer enzymatic electrodes ▶     Hiroto Funabashi, Satoshi Takeuchi, Seiya Tsujimura     We designed a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical pore structure to improve the current production efficiency and stability of direct electron transfer-type biocathodes. The 3D …             Odd Chain Fatty Acids; New Insights of the Relationship Between the Gut Microbiota, Dietary Intake, Biosynthesis and Glucose Intolerance ▶     Benjamin J. Jenkins, Kevin Seyssel, Sally Chiu et al.     Recent findings have shown an inverse association between circulating C15:0/C17:0 fatty acids with disease risk, therefore, their origin needs to be determined to understanding …             New insights on the biomineralisation process developing in human lungs around inhaled asbestos fibres ▶     Fabrizio Bardelli, Giulia Veronesi, Silvana Capella et al.     Once penetrated into the lungs of exposed people, asbestos induces an in vivo biomineralisation process that leads to the formation of a ferruginous coating embedding the fibres. …             Integrative variants, haplotypes and diplotypes of the CAPN3 and FRMD5 genes and several environmental exposures associate with serum lipid variables ▶     Tao Guo, Rui-Xing Yin, Ling Pan et al.     To determine whether the integrative variants, haplotypes and diplotypes of the calpain 3 (CAPN3) and the FERM domain containing 5 genes (FRMD5) and several environmental …             Differential effects of face-realism and emotion on event-related brain potentials and their implications for the uncanny valley theory ▶     Sebastian Schindler, Eduard Zell, Mario Botsch et al.     Cartoon characters are omnipresent in popular media. While few studies have scientifically investigated their processing, in computer graphics, efforts are made to increase …             Immunogenicity of Candidate MERS-CoV DNA Vaccines Based on the Spike Protein ▶     Sawsan S. Al-amri, Ayman T. Abbas, Loai A. Siddiq et al.     MERS-coronavirus is a novel zoonotic pathogen which spread rapidly to >25 countries since 2012. Its apparent endemicity and the wide spread of its reservoir host (dromedary …             Novel Model of Tendon Regeneration Reveals Distinct Cell Mechanisms Underlying Regenerative and Fibrotic Tendon Healing ▶     Kristen Howell, Chun Chien, Rebecca Bell et al.     To date, the cell and molecular mechanisms regulating tendon healing are poorly understood. Here, we establish a novel model of tendon regeneration using neonatal mice and show …             A complex intragenic rearrangement of ERCC8 in Chinese siblings with Cockayne syndrome ▶     Hua Xie, Xiaoyan Li, Jiping Peng et al.     Cockayne syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder principally characterized by postnatal growth failure and progressive neurological dysfunction, due primarily to mutations in …             Loss of chromosome Y leads to down regulation of KDM5D and KDM6C epigenetic modifiers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma ▶     Madeleine Arseneault, Jean Monlong, Naveen S. Vasudev et al.     Recent genomic studies of sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have uncovered novel driver genes and pathways. Given the unequal incidence rates among men and women …             Clinical Impact of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in PD-L1 on Response to Nivolumab for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients ▶     Takashi Nomizo, Hiroaki Ozasa, Takahiro Tsuji et al.     This study was intended to determine the efficacy of nivolumab, we evaluated treatment response with respect to PD-1/PD-L1 SNPs among patients with NSCLC. A total of 50 patients …             Nicotine enhances alcohol intake and dopaminergic responses through β2* and β4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ▶     Stefania Tolu, Fabio Marti, Carole Morel et al.     Alcohol and nicotine are the most widely co-abused drugs. Both modify the activity of dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) and lead to an increase in DA …             Discovery of multi-target receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors as novel anti-angiogenesis agents ▶     Jinfeng Wang, Lin Zhang, Xiaoyan Pan et al.     Recently, we have identified a biphenyl-aryl urea incorporated with salicylaldoxime (BPS-7) as an anti-angiogenesis agent. Herein, we disclosed a series of novel …             Cheetahs have a stronger constitutive innate immunity than leopards ▶     Sonja K. Heinrich, Heribert Hofer, Alexandre Courtiol et al.     As a textbook case for the importance of genetics in conservation, absence of genetic variability at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is thought to endanger species …             Protection against oxidative stress mediated by the Nrf2/Keap1 axis is impaired in Primary Biliary Cholangitis ▶     Urszula Wasik, Małgorzata Milkiewicz, Agnieszka Kempinska-Podhorodecka et al.     In response to oxidative stress, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like2 (Nrf2) induces expression of cytoprotective genes. The Nrf2 pathway is controlled by microRNAs and …             Akt targeting as a strategy to boost chemotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer through metabolism suppression ▶     Marion Le Grand, Raphael Berges, Eddy Pasquier et al.     Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer development, mediated by genetic and epigenetic alterations that may be pharmacologically targeted. Among oncogenes, the kinase …             Selective intracellular vaporisation of antibody-conjugated phase-change nano-droplets in vitro ▶     A. Ishijima, K. Minamihata, S. Yamaguchi et al.     While chemotherapy is a major mode of cancer therapeutics, its efficacy is limited by systemic toxicities and drug resistance. Recent advances in nanomedicine provide the …             Absence of Role of Dietary Protein Sensing in the Metabolic Benefits of Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass in the Mouse ▶     Aude Barataud, Daisy Goncalves, Jennifer Vinera et al.     Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) induces remission or substantial improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) but underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The beneficial effects …             Molecular epidemiology of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by coxsackie A type 24 variant in China, 2004–2014 ▶     Li Zhang, Na Zhao, Xiaodan Huang et al.     To understand control interventions, the molecular epidemiology of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) was investigated from 2004 to 2014.A total of 613,485 AHC cases …             Global preamplification simplifies targeted mRNA quantification ▶     Thomas Kroneis, Emma Jonasson, Daniel Andersson et al.     The need to perform gene expression profiling using next generation sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) on small sample sizes and single cells is rapidly expanding. …             Multiple H+ sensors mediate the extracellular acidification-induced [Ca2+]i elevation in cultured rat ventricular cardiomyocytes ▶     Yuan-Lang Hu, Xue Mi, Chao Huang et al.     Acidosis has been known to cause “Ca2+ transients”, however, the mechanism is still uncertain. Here, we demonstrated that multiple H+ sensors, such as ASICs, TRPV1 and …             Janus-faced Acrolein prevents allergy but accelerates tumor growth by promoting immunoregulatory Foxp3+ cells: Mouse model for passive respiratory exposure ▶     Franziska Roth-Walter, Cornelia Bergmayr, Sarah Meitz et al.     Acrolein, a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde, is generated in large amounts during smoking and is best known for its genotoxic capacity. Here, we aimed to assess whether …             CLARITY reveals dynamics of ovarian follicular architecture and vasculature in three-dimensions ▶     Yi Feng, Peng Cui, Xiaowei Lu et al.     Optimal distribution of heterogeneous organelles and cell types within an organ is essential for physiological processes. Unique for the ovary, hormonally regulated …             Cell cycle arrest and biochemical changes accompanying cell death in harmful dinoflagellates following exposure to bacterial algicide IRI-160AA ▶     Kaytee L. Pokrzywinski, Charles L. Tilney, Mark E. Warner et al.     Bacteria may play a role in regulating harmful algal blooms, but little is known about the biochemical and physiological changes associated with cell death induced by algicidal …             Inertial bioluminescence rhythms at the Capo Passero (KM3NeT-Italia) site, Central Mediterranean Sea ▶     J. Aguzzi, E. Fanelli, T. Ciuffardi et al.     In the deep sea, the sense of time is dependent on geophysical fluctuations, such as internal tides and atmospheric-related inertial currents, rather than day-night rhythms. …             A Novel Inhibitor IDPP Interferes with Entry and Egress of HCV by Targeting Glycoprotein E1 in a Genotype-Specific Manner ▶     Myungeun Lee, Jaewon Yang, Eunji Jo et al.     Despite recent advances in curing chronic hepatitis C (CHC), the high economic burden to therapy, viral drug resistance, difficult to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and …             Elevated miR-130a/miR130b/miR-152 expression reduces intracellular ATP levels in the pancreatic beta cell ▶     Jones K. Ofori, Vishal A. Salunkhe, Annika Bagge et al.     MicroRNAs have emerged as important players of gene regulation with significant impact in diverse disease processes. In type-2 diabetes, in which impaired insulin secretion is a …             Erratum: The combination of the functionalities of feedback circuits is determinant for the attractors’ number and size in pathway-like Boolean networks ▶     Eugenio Azpeitia, Stalin Muñoz, Daniel González-Tokman et al.                 First evidence for temporary and permanent adhesive systems in the stalked barnacle cyprid, Octolasmis angulata ▶     Fook Choy Yap, Wey-Lim Wong, Aaron G. Maule et al.     Although there have been extensive studies on the larval adhesion of acorn barnacles over the past few decades, little is known about stalked barnacles. For the first time, we …             Actomyosin-generated tension on cadherin is similar between dividing and non-dividing epithelial cells in early Xenopus laevis embryos ▶     Gaëtan Herbomel, Guillaume Hatte, Julien Roul et al.     Epithelia represent a unique situation where polarized cells must maintain sufficiently strong cell-cell contacts to guarantee the epithelial integrity indispensable for barrier …             Quantitation of the immunodominant 33-mer peptide from α-gliadin in wheat flours by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry ▶     Kathrin Schalk, Christina Lang, Herbert Wieser et al.     Coeliac disease (CD) is triggered by the ingestion of gluten proteins from wheat, rye, and barley. The 33-mer peptide from α2-gliadin has frequently been described as the most …             High-throughput amplicon sequencing and stream benthic bacteria: identifying the best taxonomic level for multiple-stressor research ▶     R. K. Salis, A. Bruder, J. J. Piggott et al.     Disentangling the individual and interactive effects of multiple stressors on microbial communities is a key challenge to our understanding and management of ecosystems. Advances …             Real-time sentinel lymph node biopsy guidance using combined ultrasound, photoacoustic, fluorescence imaging: in vivo proof-of-principle and validation with nodal obstruction ▶     Jeeun Kang, Jin Ho Chang, Sun Mi Kim et al.     Precise sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification is crucial not only for accurate diagnosis of micro-metastases at an early stage of cancer progression but also for reducing the …             Inhibition of cathepsin S confers sensitivity to methyl protodioscin in oral cancer cells via activation of p38 MAPK/JNK signaling pathways ▶     Ming-Ju Hsieh, Chiao-Wen Lin, Mu-Kuan Chen et al.     Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Approximately 90% of oral cancers are subtyped to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite advances in diagnostic …             Probing Medin Monomer Structure and its Amyloid Nucleation Using 13C-Direct Detection NMR in Combination with Structural Bioinformatics ▶     Hannah A. Davies, Daniel J. Rigden, Marie M. Phelan et al.     Aortic medial amyloid is the most prevalent amyloid found to date, but remarkably little is known about it. It is characterised by aberrant deposition of a 5.4 kDa protein called …             Evaluation of Different Oligonucleotide Base Substitutions at CpG Binding sites in Multiplex Bisulfite-PCR sequencing ▶     Jennifer Lu, Kelin Ru, Ida Candiloro et al.     Multiplex bisulfite-PCR sequencing is a convenient and scalable method for the quantitative determination of the methylation state of target DNA regions. A challenge of this …             Dynasore impairs VEGFR2 signalling in an endocytosis-independent manner ▶     Dimitris Basagiannis, Sofia Zografou, Katerina Galanopoulou et al.     VEGFR2 is a critical angiogenic receptor playing a key role in vascular homeostasis. Upon activation by VEGF, VEGFR2 becomes endocytosed. Internalisation of VEGFR2 is …             BCIP: a gene-centered platform for identifying potential regulatory genes in breast cancer ▶     Jiaqi Wu, Shuofeng Hu, Yaowen Chen et al.     Breast cancer is a disease with high heterogeneity. Many issues on tumorigenesis and progression are still elusive. It is critical to identify genes that play important roles in …             Corrigendum: Pregnane X Receptor Regulates Pathogen-Induced Inflammation and Host Defense against an Intracellular Bacterial Infection through Toll-like Receptor 4 ▶     Zhijuan Qiu, Jorge L. Cervantes, Basak B. Cicek et al.                 Corrigendum: Universal stress protein Rv2624c alters abundance of arginine and enhances intracellular survival by ATP binding in mycobacteria ▶     Qiong Jia, Xinling Hu, Dawei Shi et al.                 Revised domain structure of ulvan lyase and characterization of the first ulvan binding domain ▶     Rebecca L. J. Melcher, Marten Neumann, Juan Pablo Fuenzalida Werner et al.     Biomass waste products from green algae have recently been given new life, as these polysaccharides have potential applications in industry, agriculture, and medicine. One such …             Tandem UIMs confer Lys48 ubiquitin chain substrate preference to deubiquitinase USP25 ▶     Kohei Kawaguchi, Kazune Uo, Toshiaki Tanaka et al.     Ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) 25, belonging to the USP family of deubiquitinases, harbors two tandem ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIMs), a ~20-amino-acid α-helical stretch …             Partial Reprogramming of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes into Neurons ▶     Wenpo Chuang, Arun Sharma, Praveen Shukla et al.     Direct reprogramming of somatic cells has been demonstrated, however, it is unknown whether electrophysiologically-active somatic cells derived from separate germ layers can be …             Global DNA Methylation Analysis Identifies Two Discrete clusters of Pheochromocytoma with Distinct Genomic and Genetic Alterations ▶     Samuel Backman, Rajani Maharjan, Alberto Falk-Delgado et al.     Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare and frequently heritable neural-crest derived tumours arising from the adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal chromaffin cells …             Rassf Proteins as Modulators of Mst1 Kinase Activity ▶     Aruna Bitra, Srinivas Sistla, Jessy Mariam et al.     Rassf1A/5 tumor suppressors serve as adaptor proteins possessing a modular architecture with the C-terminal consisting of a coiled-coil SARAH (Salvador-Rassf-Hippo) domain and …             Aspirin induces cell death by directly modulating mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) ▶     Debanjan Tewari, Dhriti Majumdar, Sirisha Vallabhaneni et al.     Aspirin induces apoptotic cell death in various cancer cell lines. Here we showed that silencing of VDAC1 protected HeLa cells from aspirin-induced cell death. Compared to the …             Quasispecies of Hepatitis C Virus Participate in Cell-Specific Infectivity ▶     Takasuke Fukuhara, Satomi Yamamoto, Chikako Ono et al.     It is well documented that a variety of viral quasispecies are found in the patients with chronic infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the significance of quasispecies …             Erratum: Antibodies from multiple sclerosis patients preferentially recognize hyperglucosylated adhesin of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae ▶     Marthe T. C. Walvoort, Chiara Testa, Raya Eilam et al.                 Olfactory function and the social lives of older adults: a matter of sex ▶     Sanne Boesveldt, Jason R. Yee, Martha K. McClintock et al.     Social factors play a critical role in a panoply of health processes, including, as recently demonstrated, olfaction. Here, we investigated sex-dependent differences in the …             The evolutionary and phylogeographic history of woolly mammoths: a comprehensive mitogenomic analysis ▶     Dan Chang, Michael Knapp, Jacob Enk et al.     Near the end of the Pleistocene epoch, populations of the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) were distributed across parts of three continents, from western Europe and …             MicroRNA expression profiles during cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) fiber early development ▶     Min Wang, Runrun Sun, Chao Li et al.     The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) during cotton fiber development remains unclear. Here, a total of 54 miRNAs belonging to 39 families were selected to characterize miRNA regulatory …             Genetic polymorphisms of 54 mitochondrial DNA SNP loci in Chinese Xibe ethnic minority group ▶     Chun-Mei Shen, Li Hu, Chun-Hua Yang et al.     We analyzed the genetic polymorphisms of 54 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants in Chinese Xibe ethnic minority group. A total of 137 unrelated healthy volunteers from Chinese …             Conditional deletion of Ndufs4 in dopaminergic neurons promotes Parkinson’s disease-like non-motor symptoms without loss of dopamine neurons ▶     Won-Seok Choi, Hyung-Wook Kim, François Tronche et al.     Reduction of mitochondrial complex I activity is one of the major hypotheses for dopaminergic neuron death in Parkinson’s disease. However, reduction of complex I activity in all …             Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Creates Surgery Opportunities For Inoperable Locally Advanced Breast Cancer ▶     Minghao Wang, Lingmi Hou, Maoshan Chen et al.     Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), the systematic chemotherapy given to patients with locally advanced and inoperable breast caner, has been proven to be of great clinical values. …             Aminopeptidase N1 is involved in Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxicity in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua ▶     Lin Qiu, Songhe Cui, Lang Liu et al.     Understanding how insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) interact with their hosts is crucial to fully explain the molecular bases of Bt specificity …             Akirin2 regulates proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells via ERK1/2 and NFATc1 signaling pathways ▶     Xiaoling Chen, Yanliu Luo, Zhiqing Huang et al.     Akirin2, a novel nuclear factor, plays an important role in myogenesis. To investigate the role of Akirin2 in proliferation and differentiation of porcine skeletal muscle …             Erratum: Osteopontin Deficiency Alters Biliary Homeostasis and Protects against Gallstone Formation ▶     Jing Lin, Ming Lu, Wei-qing Shao et al.                 PPARβ/δ, a Novel Regulator for Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Phenotypic Modulation and Vascular Remodeling after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats ▶     Hongrong Zhang, Li Jiang, Zongduo Guo et al.     Cerebral vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switch is involved in the pathophysiology of vascular injury after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), whereas the …             Candidate loci involved in domestication and improvement detected by a published 90K wheat SNP array ▶     Lifeng Gao, Guangyao Zhao, Dawei Huang et al.     Selection is one of the most important forces in crop evolution. Common wheat is a major world food crop and a typical allopolyploid with a huge and complex genome. We applied …             Missense mutations near the N-glycosylation site of the A2 domain lead to various intracellular trafficking defects in coagulation factor VIII ▶     Wei Wei, Chunlei Zheng, Min Zhu et al.     Missense mutation is the most common mutation type in hemophilia. However, the majority of missense mutations remain uncharacterized. Here we characterize how hemophilia …             Early metabolic and transcriptional variations in fruit of natural white-fruited Fragaria vesca genotypes ▶     Katja Härtl, Alisandra Denton, Katrin Franz-Oberdorf et al.     Strawberry fruits (Fragaria vesca) are valued for their sweet fruity flavor, juicy texture, and characteristic red color caused by anthocyanin pigments. To gain a deeper insight …             Cardiac drug-drug interaction between HCV-NS5B pronucleotide inhibitors and amiodarone is determined by their specific diastereochemistry ▶     Armando Lagrutta, Christopher P. Regan, Haoyu Zeng et al.     Severe bradycardia/bradyarrhythmia following coadministration of the HCV-NS5B prodrug sofosbuvir with amiodarone was recently reported. Our previous preclinical in vivo …             KDM4B histone demethylase and G9a regulate expression of vascular adhesion proteins in cerebral microvessels ▶     Ji-Young Choi, Sang-Sun Yoon, Sang-Eun Kim et al.     Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) mediates the adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes across the endothelium, promoting inflammation. We investigated the epigenetic …             Pollen-mediated gene flow from glyphosate-resistant common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer): consequences for the dispersal of resistance genes ▶     Debalin Sarangi, Andrew J. Tyre, Eric L. Patterson et al.     Gene flow is an important component in evolutionary biology; however, the role of gene flow in dispersal of herbicide-resistant alleles among weed populations is poorly …             Scleraxis is required for maturation of tissue domains for proper integration of the musculoskeletal system ▶     Yuki Yoshimoto, Aki Takimoto, Hitomi Watanabe et al.     Scleraxis (Scx) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is expressed persistently in tendons/ligaments, but transiently in entheseal cartilage. In this study, we …             Significant Role of Collagen XVII And Integrin β4 in Migration and Invasion of The Less Aggressive Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells ▶     Jyri M. Moilanen, Stefanie Löffek, Nina Kokkonen et al.     Collagen XVII and integrin α6β4 have well-established roles as epithelial adhesion molecules. Their binding partner laminin 332 as well as integrin α6β4 are largely recognized to …             Gully evolution and geomorphic adjustments of badlands to reforestation ▶     J. A. Ballesteros Cánovas, M. Stoffel, J. F. Martín-Duque et al.     Badlands and gullied areas are among those geomorphic environments with the highest erosion rates worldwide. Nevertheless, records of their evolution and their relations with …             Association of aldosterone excess and apnea-hypopnea index in patients with resistant hypertension ▶     Xiao Ke, Wenyu Guo, Hu Peng et al.     The present study was to investigate the association of aldosterone excess and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in patients with resistant hypertension. Patients with resistant …             Robust and fast characterization of OCT-based optical attenuation using a novel frequency-domain algorithm for brain cancer detection ▶     Wu Yuan, Carmen Kut, Wenxuan Liang et al.     Cancer is known to alter the local optical properties of tissues. The detection of OCT-based optical attenuation provides a quantitative method to efficiently differentiate …             Comparison of multivariate analysis methods for extracting the paraffin component from the paraffin-embedded cancer tissue spectra for Raman imaging ▶     Phiranuphon Meksiarun, Mika Ishigaki, Verena A.C. Huck-Pezzei et al.     This study aimed to extract the paraffin component from paraffin-embedded oral cancer tissue spectra using three multivariate analysis (MVA) methods; Independent Component …             Sequential displacement of Type VI Secretion System effector genes leads to evolution of diverse immunity gene arrays in Vibrio cholerae ▶     Paul C. Kirchberger, Daniel Unterweger, Daniele Provenzano et al.     Type VI secretion systems (T6SS) enable bacteria to engage neighboring cells in contact-dependent competition. In Vibrio cholerae, three chromosomal clusters each encode a pair …             Metabolic Profiling of IDH Mutation and Malignant Progression in Infiltrating Glioma ▶     Llewellyn E. Jalbert, Adam Elkhaled, Joanna J. Phillips et al.     Infiltrating low grade gliomas (LGGs) are heterogeneous in their behavior and the strategies used for clinical management are highly variable. A key factor in clinical …             Long-term effectiveness of irreversible electroporation in a murine model of colorectal liver metastasis ▶     P. Sánchez-Velázquez, Q. Castellví, A. Villanueva et al.     Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has recently gained in popularity as an ablative technique, however little is known about its oncological long-term outcomes. To determine the …             Compatibility Study of Danggui Buxue Tang on Chemical Ingredients, Angiogenesis and Endothelial Function ▶     Ping-Lan Lin, Zhi-Cheng Li, Rui-Fang Xie et al.     Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) is a classic Chinese herbal formula which consists of Astragali mongholici Radix and Angelica sinensis Radix (ASR). For chemical ingredients, HPLC were …             Scaling and functional morphology in strigiform hind limbs ▶     Meena A. Madan, Emily J. Rayfield, Jen A. Bright     Strigiformes are an order of raptorial birds consisting exclusively of owls: the Tytonidae (barn owls) and the Strigidae (true owls), united by a suite of adaptations aiding a …             Global identification and analysis of isozyme-specific possible substrates crosslinked by transglutaminases using substrate peptides in mouse liver fibrosis ▶     Hideki Tatsukawa, Yuji Tani, Risa Otsu et al.     The transglutaminase (TG) family comprises eight isozymes that form the isopeptide bonds between glutamine and lysine residues and contribute to the fibrotic diseases via …             Molecular signaling underlying bulleyaconitine A (BAA)-induced microglial expression of prodynorphin ▶     Teng-Fei Li, Hai-Yun Wu, Yi-Rui Wang et al.     Bulleyaconitine (BAA) has been shown to possess antinociceptive activities by stimulation of dynorphin A release from spinal microglia. This study investigated its underlying …             Hypoxia induces H19 expression through direct and indirect Hif-1α activity, promoting oncogenic effects in glioblastoma ▶     Weining Wu, Qi Hu, Er Nie et al.     H19 expression is elevated in many human tumors including glioblastomas, suggesting an oncogenic role for the long noncoding RNA; yet the upregulation of H19 in glioblastomas …             Glucocorticoid suppression of osteocyte perilacunar remodeling is associated with subchondral bone degeneration in osteonecrosis ▶     Tristan W. Fowler, Claire Acevedo, Courtney M. Mazur et al.     Through a process called perilacunar remodeling, bone-embedded osteocytes dynamically resorb and replace the surrounding perilacunar bone matrix to maintain mineral homeostasis. …             Chymase-producing cells of the innate immune system are required for decidual vascular remodeling and fetal growth ▶     Nicole Meyer, Katja Woidacki, Martin Knöfler et al.     Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is caused by insufficient remodeling of spiral arteries (SAs). The mechanism underlying the relevance of natural killer cells (NKs) and …             Genomic reprograming analysis of the Mesothelial to Mesenchymal Transition identifies biomarkers in peritoneal dialysis patients ▶     Vicente Ruiz-Carpio, Pilar Sandoval, Abelardo Aguilera et al.     Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective renal replacement therapy, but a significant proportion of patients suffer PD-related complications, which limit the treatment duration. …             A structure- and chemical genomics-based approach for repositioning of drugs against VCP/p97 ATPase ▶     Aldo Segura-Cabrera, Reshmi Tripathi, Xiaoyi Zhang et al.     Valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97) ATPase (a.k.a. Cdc48) is a key member of the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. ERAD and VCP/p97 have been implicated in a …             Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors in mouse olfactory bulb astrocytes ▶     Damian Droste, Gerald Seifert, Laura Seddar et al.     Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes is considered to be mainly mediated by metabotropic receptors linked to intracellular Ca2+ release. However, recent studies demonstrate a significant …             Chronic exposure to a neonicotinoid increases expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in the bumblebee Bombus impatiens ▶     William R. Simmons, David R. Angelini     Bumblebees are important pollinators in wild and agricultural settings. In recent decades pollinator declines have been linked to the effects of increased pesticide use and the …             Resveratrol mitigates lipopolysaccharide-mediated acute inflammation in rats by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κBp65/MAPKs signaling cascade ▶     Guangxi Wang, Zhiqiang Hu, Qiuting Fu et al.     Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural compound exhibiting anti-inflammatory effect, but the anti-inflammatory mechanism has not been fully understood. This study is aimed to evaluate …             Functional confirmation of PLAG1 as the candidate causative gene underlying major pleiotropic effects on body weight and milk characteristics ▶     Tania Fink, Kathryn Tiplady, Thomas Lopdell et al.     A major pleiotropic quantitative trait locus (QTL) located at ~25 Mbp on bovine chromosome 14 affects a myriad of growth and developmental traits in Bos taurus and indicus …             Ultrasound mediated delivery of oxygen and LLL12 loaded stimuli responsive microdroplets for the treatment of hypoxic cancer cells ▶     Jinshun Xu, Shuai Yuan, Jilai Tian et al.     LLL12 exhibits high specificity for inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation and dimerization, and inducing apoptosis to constitutively activated STAT3 cancer cells without cytotoxicity …             Optimising reliability of mouse performance in behavioural testing: the major role of non-aversive handling ▶     Kelly Gouveia, Jane L. Hurst     Handling laboratory animals during test procedures is an important source of stress that may impair reliability of test responses. Picking up mice by the tail is aversive, …             Agonist-mediated assembly of the crustacean methyl farnesoate receptor ▶     Elizabeth K. Medlock Kakaley, Helen Y. Wang, Gerald A. LeBlanc     The methyl farnesoate receptor (MfR) orchestrates aspects of reproduction and development such as male sex determination in branchiopod crustaceans. Phenotypic endpoints …             Identification of an RNase that preferentially cleaves A/G nucleotides ▶     Jumin Xie, Zhen Chen, Xueyan Zhang et al.     Ribonucleases play an important role in the RNA metabolism which is critical for the localization, stability and function of mature RNA transcripts. More and more ribonucleases …             Hormone therapy at early post-menopause increases cognitive control-related prefrontal activity ▶     Romuald Girard, Elise Météreau, Julie Thomas et al.     Clinical data have been equivocal and controversial as to the benefits to the brain and cognition of hormone therapy (HT) in postmenopausal women. Recent reevaluation of the role …             Reconstruction of noise-driven nonlinear networks from node outputs by using high-order correlations ▶     Yang Chen, Zhaoyang Zhang, Tianyu Chen et al.     Many practical systems can be described by dynamic networks, for which modern technique can measure their outputs, and accumulate extremely rich data. Nevertheless, the network …             Superoxide dismutase SOD-1 modulates C. elegans pathogen avoidance behavior ▶     Alexander M. Horspool, Howard C. Chang     The C. elegans nervous system mediates protective physiological and behavioral responses amid infection. However, it remains largely unknown how the nervous system responds to …             Distribution of Bathyarchaeota Communities Across Different Terrestrial Settings and Their Potential Ecological Functions ▶     Xing Xiang, Ruicheng Wang, Hongmei Wang et al.     High abundance and widespread distribution of the archaeal phylum Bathyarchaeota in marine environment have been recognized recently, but knowledge about Bathyarchaeota in …             De novo sequencing and comparative analysis of leaf transcriptomes of diverse condensed tannin-containing lines of underutilized Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC ▶     Vinayak Singh, Ridhi Goel, Veena Pande et al.     Condensed tannin (CT) or proanthocyanidin (PA) is a unique group of phenolic metabolite with high molecular weight with specific structure. It is reported that, the presence of …             The evolutionary origin of jaw yaw in mammals ▶     David M. Grossnickle     Theria comprises all but three living mammalian genera and is one of the most ecologically pervasive clades on Earth. Yet, the origin and early history of therians and their …             Gene-based genome-wide association study identified 19p13.3 for lean body mass ▶     Shu Ran, Lei Zhang, Lu Liu et al.     Lean body mass (LBM) is a complex trait for human health. To identify genomic loci underlying LBM, we performed a gene-based genome-wide association study of lean mass index …             A non-cell autonomous mouse model of CNS haemangioblastoma mediated by mutant KRAS ▶     Leyuan Bao, Osama Al-Assar, Lesley F. Drynan et al.     Haemangioblastoma is a rare malignancy of the CNS where vascular proliferation causes lesions due to endothelial propagation. We found that conditionally expressing mutant Kras, …             Genetic engineering of a temperate phage-based delivery system for CRISPR/Cas9 antimicrobials against Staphylococcus aureus ▶     Joo Youn Park, Bo Youn Moon, Juw Won Park et al.     Discovery of clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats and the Cas9 RNA-guided nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9) system provides a new opportunity to create programmable …             H2S regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein stability by promoting microRNA-455-3p expression ▶     Xing-Hui Li, Wen-Long Xue, Ming-Jie Wang et al.     The aims of the present study are to determine whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is involved in the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) …             The epidemic dynamics of hepatitis C virus subtypes 4a and 4d in Saudi Arabia ▶     Ahmed A. Al-Qahtani, Guy Baele, Nisreen Khalaf  et al.     The relatedness between viral variants sampled at different locations through time can provide information pertinent to public health that cannot readily be obtained through …             Therapy targeted to the metastatic niche is effective in a model of stage IV breast cancer ▶     Byunghee Yoo, Amol Kavishwar, Ping Wang et al.     Treatment of stage IV metastatic breast cancer patients is limited to palliative options and represents an unmet clinical need. Here, we demonstrate that pharmacological …             Mechanistic and structural basis of bioengineered bovine Cathelicidin-5 with optimized therapeutic activity ▶     Bikash R. Sahoo, Kenta Maruyama, Jyotheeswara R. Edula et al.     Peptide-drug discovery using host-defense peptides becomes promising against antibiotic-resistant pathogens and cancer cells. Here, we customized the therapeutic activity of …             A Ras GTPase associated protein is involved in the phototropic and circadian photobiology responses in fungi ▶     Silvia Polaino, José M. Villalobos-Escobedo, Viplendra P. S. Shakya et al.     Light is an environmental signal perceived by most eukaryotic organisms and that can have major impacts on their growth and development. The MadC protein in the fungus Phycomyces …             Poly-γ-glutamic acid/chitosan nanogel greatly enhances the efficacy and heterosubtypic cross-reactivity of H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine ▶     Jihyun Yang, Sang-Mu Shim, Thi Quyen Nguyen et al.     In 2009, the global outbreak of an influenza pandemic emphasized the need for an effective vaccine adjuvant. In this study, we examined the efficacy of poly-γ-glutamic …             Bio-inspired colorimetric film based on hygroscopic coloration of longhorn beetles (Tmesisternus isabellae) ▶     Han-bok Seo, Seung-Yop Lee     Structure-dependent colour is caused by the interaction of light with photonic crystal structures rather than pigments. The elytra of longhorn beetles Tmesisternus isabellae …             Mechanistic Insights into the Anti-angiogenic Activity of Trypanosoma cruzi Protein 21 and its Potential Impact on the Onset of Chagasic Cardiomyopathy ▶     Samuel Cota Teixeira, Daiana Silva Lopes, Sarah Natalie Cirilo Gimenes et al.     Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) is arguably the most important form of the Chagas Disease, caused by the intracellular protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi; it is estimated that …             Early-Onset Progressive Retinal Atrophy Associated with an IQCB1 Variant in African Black-Footed Cats (Felis nigripes) ▶     Annie Oh, Jacqueline W. Pearce, Barbara Gandolfi et al.     African black-footed cats (Felis nigripes) are endangered wild felids. One male and full-sibling female African black-footed cat developed vision deficits and mydriasis as early …             Signalling mechanisms mediating Zn2+-induced TRPM2 channel activation and cell death in microglial cells ▶     Sharifah Syed Mortadza, Joan A. Sim, Martin Stacey et al.     Excessive Zn2+ causes brain damage via promoting ROS generation. Here we investigated the role of ROS-sensitive TRPM2 channel in H2O2/Zn2+-induced Ca2+ signalling and cell death …             Modulation of Central Carbon Metabolism by Acetylation of Isocitrate Lyase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis ▶     Jing Bi, Yihong Wang, Heguo Yu et al.     Several enzymes involved in central carbon metabolism such as isocitrate lyase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase are key determinants of pathogenesis of Mycobacterium …             A new electro-optical approach for conductance measurement: an assay for the study of drugs acting on ligand-gated ion channels ▶     A. Menegon, S. Pitassi, N. Mazzocchi et al.     Ligand gated ion channels are involved in many pathophysiological processes and represent a relevant, although challenging, target for drug discovery. We propose an innovative …             Alix is required during development for normal growth of the mouse brain ▶     Marine H. Laporte, Christine Chatellard, Victoria Vauchez et al.     Alix (ALG-2 interacting protein X) drives deformation and fission of endosomal and cell surface membranes and thereby intervenes in diverse biological processes including cell …             Sweet taste in apple: the role of sorbitol, individual sugars, organic acids and volatile compounds ▶     Eugenio Aprea, Mathilde Charles, Isabella Endrizzi et al.     Sweetness is one of the main drivers of consumer preference, and thus is given high priority in apple breeding programmes. Due to the complexity of sweetness evaluation, soluble …             Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes correlate with improved survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ▶     Dongxian Jiang, Yalan Liu, Hao Wang et al.     We undertook a study of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in a large and relatively homogeneous group of patients with completely resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma …             Optimum soil frost depth to alleviate climate change effects in cold region agriculture ▶     Yosuke Yanai, Yukiyoshi Iwata, Tomoyoshi Hirota     On-farm soil frost control has been used for the management of volunteer potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), a serious weed problem caused by climate change, in northern Japan. Deep …             A novel procedure for the identification of chaos in complex biological systems ▶     D. Bazeia, M. B. P. N. Pereira, A. V. Brito et al.     We demonstrate the presence of chaos in stochastic simulations that are widely used to study biodiversity in nature. The investigation deals with a set of three distinct species …             Multiplex Reverse-Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Coupled with Cascade Invasive Reaction and Nanoparticle Hybridization for Subtyping of Influenza A Virus ▶     Ying Chi, Yiyue Ge, Kangchen Zhao et al.     Considering the fatal human victims and economic loss caused by influenza virus infection every year, methodologies for rapid and on-site detection of influenza viruses are …             5D imaging via light sheet microscopy reveals cell dynamics during the eye-antenna disc primordium formation in Drosophila ▶     Yu Shan Huang, Hui Yu Ku, Yun Chi Tsai et al.     5D images of engrailed (en) and eye gone (eyg) gene expressions during the course of the eye-antenna disc primordium (EADP) formation of Drosophila embryos from embryonic stages …             Venom from Cuban Blue Scorpion has tumor activating effect in hepatocellular carcinoma ▶     Catia Giovannini, Michele Baglioni, Marco Baron Toaldo et al.     Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is the term used to describe many kinds of products, practices, and systems that are not part of conventional medicine. Cancer …             Alterations in Gastric Microbiota After H. Pylori Eradication and in Different Histological Stages of Gastric Carcinogenesis ▶     Tung Hiu Li, Youwen Qin, Pak Chung Sham et al.     The role of bacteria other than Helicobacter pylori (HP) in the stomach remains elusive. We characterized the gastric microbiota in individuals with different histological stages …             The protective effects of shikonin on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury are mediated by the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway ▶     Tong Liu, QingHui Zhang, Wenhui Mo et al.     Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which can result in severe liver injury and dysfunction, occurs in a variety of conditions such as liver transplantation, shock, and …             Anti-inflammatory properties of shikonin contribute to improved early-stage diabetic retinopathy ▶     Po-Lin Liao, Cheng-Hui Lin, Ching-Hao Li et al.     Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major microvascular complication of diabetes, leads to retinal vascular leakage, neuronal dysfunction, and apoptosis within the retina. In this …             Several microRNAs could predict survival in patients with hepatitis B-related liver cancer ▶     Ye Zhen, Zhao Xinghui, Wu Chao et al.     MicroRNAs as biomarkers play an important role in the tumorigenesis process, including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). In this paper, we used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) …             Elicitation of resistance and associated defense responses in Trichoderma hamatum induced protection against pearl millet downy mildew pathogen ▶     Chandra Nayaka Siddaiah, Niranjan Raj Satyanarayana, Venkataramana Mudili et al.     Endophytic Trichoderma hamatum UoM 13 isolated from pearl millet roots was evaluated for its efficiency to suppress downy mildew disease. Under laboratory conditions, T. hamatum …             A clear bias in parental origin of de novo pathogenic CNVs related to intellectual disability, developmental delay and multiple congenital anomalies ▶     Ruiyu Ma, Linbei Deng, Yan Xia et al.     Copy number variation (CNV) is of great significance in human evolution and disorders. Through tracing the parent-of-origin of de novo pathogenic CNVs, we are expected to …             Stk38 Modulates Rbm24 Protein Stability to Regulate Sarcomere Assembly in Cardiomyocytes ▶     Jing Liu, Xu Kong, Lee Yew Mun et al.     RNA-binding protein Rbm24 is a key regulator of heart development and required for sarcomere assembly and heart contractility. Yet, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. …             Quantitative Proteomic analysis on Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells reversion Reveal STAT1 as a key regulator between Liver Fibrosis and recovery ▶     Hongyu Zhang, Fangyan Chen, Xu Fan et al.     Understanding the changes of activated HSCs reversion is an essential step toward clarifying the potential roles of HSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this study, we …             Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on beta-cell function and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials ▶     Xiafei Lyu, Xiaolin Zhu, Bin Zhao et al.     Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a novel family of glucose-lowering agents. Accumulating evidence suggests that DPP-4 inhibitors preserve pancreatic beta-cell …             Tea polyphenols inhibit the growth and virulence properties of Fusobacterium nucleatum ▶     Amel Ben Lagha, Bruno Haas, Daniel Grenier     Fusobacterium nucleatum plays a key role in creating the pathogenic subgingival biofilm that initiates destructive periodontitis. It is also a common resident of the human …             Squamous epitheliotropism of Enterovirus A71 in human epidermis and oral mucosa ▶     Win Kyaw Phyu, Kien Chai Ong, Chee Kwan Kong et al.     Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is a self-limiting paediatric infectious disease commonly caused by Enterovirus A71 (Genus: Enterovirus, Family: Picornaviridae). Typical lesions in …             Noncanonical NF-κB mediates the Suppressive Effect of Neutrophil Elastase on IL-8/CXCL8 by Inducing NKRF in Human Airway Smooth Muscle ▶     Shu-Chuan Ho, Sheng-Ming Wu, Po-Hao Feng et al.     Neutrophil elastase (NE) suppresses IL-8/CXCL8 in human airway smooth muscle cells (hASM) while stimulating its production in respiratory epithelial cells. This differential …             Targeted disruption of TC-PTP in the proliferative compartment augments STAT3 and AKT signaling and skin tumor development ▶     Hyunseung Lee, Mihwa Kim, Minwoo Baek et al.     Tyrosine phosphorylation is a vital mechanism that contributes to skin carcinogenesis. It is regulated by the counter-activities of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein …             Tricyclic Antidepressants Promote Ceramide Accumulation to Regulate Collagen Production in Human Hepatic Stellate Cells ▶     Jennifer Y. Chen, Benjamin Newcomb, Chan Zhou et al.     Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in response to injury is a key step in hepatic fibrosis, and is characterized by trans-differentiation of quiescent HSCs to HSC …             Huntington’s disease blood and brain show a common gene expression pattern and share an immune signature with Alzheimer’s disease ▶     Davina J. Hensman Moss, Michael D. Flower, Kitty K. Lo et al.     There is widespread transcriptional dysregulation in Huntington’s disease (HD) brain, but analysis is inevitably limited by advanced disease and postmortem changes. However, …             Imaging tissue-mimic with light sheet microscopy: A comparative guideline ▶     Jordi Andilla, Raphael Jorand, Omar E. Olarte et al.     Tissue mimics (TMs) on the scale of several hundred microns provide a beneficial cell culture configuration for in vitro engineered tissue and are currently under the spotlight …                       A new open access journal dedicated to publishing the most important scientific advances in all aspects of genomics and its application in the practice of medicine. Part of the Nature Partner Journals series, the journal is published in partnership with the Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research. 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