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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for September 18, 2019:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
Astronomy & Space news
 | New open cluster discovered using GaiaUsing data from ESA's Gaia satellite, German astronomers have detected a new open cluster in the Milky Way galaxy. The newly found cluster, designated Gaia 8, consists of about 100 stars, most likely including the Beta Lyrae variable. The finding is reported in a paper published September 10 on the arXiv pre-print server. |
 | Asteroid orus occultation observed for the first time ever by eVscopeOn September 7, 2019, a Unistellar team flew to Oman and successfully used the eVscope to observe an occultation of the asteroid Orus for the first time. The team was responding to NASA's call to the astronomical community to contribute to its Lucy space mission, making the observation a demonstration of the potential of citizen science. |
 | 'Snow-cannon' Enceladus shines up Saturn's super-reflector moonsRadar observations of Saturn's moons, Mimas, Enceladus and Tethys, show that Enceladus is acting as a "snow-cannon," coating itself and its neighbors with fresh water-ice particles to make them dazzlingly reflective. The extreme radar brightness also points to the presence of "boomerang" structures beneath the surface that boost the moons' efficiency in returning the microwave signals to the spacecraft. The results will be presented at the EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2019 in Geneva by Dr. Alice Le Gall. |
 | Comet's collapsing cliffs and bouncing bouldersScientists analyzing the treasure trove of images taken by ESA's Rosetta mission have turned up more evidence for curious bouncing boulders and dramatic cliff collapses. |
 | Study captures six galaxies undergoing sudden, dramatic transitionsGalaxies come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes and brightnesses, ranging from humdrum ordinary galaxies to luminous active galaxies. While an ordinary galaxy is visible mainly because of the light from its stars, an active galaxy shines brightest at its center, or nucleus, where a supermassive black hole emits a steady blast of bright light as it voraciously consumes nearby gas and dust. |
 | Russia to give cosmonauts guns to fend off animals on landingRussia is testing a gun that returning cosmonauts could use to fend off wild animals when landing in remote areas, the head of the Russian space agency said Wednesday. |
 | AIDA collaboration highlights case for planetary defenceSurprising results from recent asteroid missions have highlighted the importance of testing planetary defence strategies in space, according to scientists participating in the joint ESA/NASA Asteroid Impact and Deflection Assessment (AIDA) collaboration. The unexpectedly large crater on asteroid Ryugu created by the JAXA Hayabysa2 impactor, together with the sand-like behaviour of material on its surface, further motivate the need to determine the effectiveness of proposed deflection techniques for an asteroid on a potential collision course with Earth. Implications are being discussed this week at the EPS-DPS Joint Meeting 2019 in Geneva. |
 | NASA manager casts doubt on 2024 moon landing by astronautsA top NASA manager cast doubt Wednesday on the space agency's ability to land astronauts on the moon by 2024. |
 | Could we intercept interstellar comet C/2019 Q4 Borisov?When 'Oumuamua passed through our solar system two years ago, it set off a flurry of excitement in the astronomical community. Here was the first-ever interstellar object that be observed by human trackers, and the mysteries surrounding its true nature and composition led to some pretty interesting theories. There were even some proposals for a rapid mission that would be able to rendezvous with it. |
Technology news
 | EmoSense: an AI-powered and wireless emotion sensing systemResearchers at Hefei University of Technology in China and various universities in Japan have recently developed a unique emotion sensing system that can recognize people's emotions based on their body gestures. They presented this new AI- powered system, called EmoSense, in a paper pre-published on arXiv. |
 | Shape-shifting robot built from 'smarticles' shows new locomotion strategyBuilding conventional robots typically requires carefully combining components like motors, batteries, actuators, body segments, legs and wheels. Now, researchers have taken a new approach, building a robot entirely from smaller robots known as "smarticles" to unlock the principles of a potentially new locomotion technique. |
 | Wi-Fi Alliance's certification program sees Wi-Fi 6 as game-changer for advanced connectionsWi-Fi 6 certification is here. On Monday, an announcement from the Wi-Fi Alliance datelined Austin, Texas said the Wi-Fi CERTIFIED 6 certification program from Wi-Fi Alliance was now available. |
 | Facebook plays to social ties with Portal smart-screenFacebook on Wednesday unveiled second-generation Portal smart screens, touting them as a way to stay connected to loved ones at the leading social network. |
 | Research team unveils 'Tunabot,' first robotic fish to keep pace with a tunaMechanical engineers at the University of Virginia School of Engineering, leading a collaboration with biologists from Harvard University, have created the first robotic fish proven to mimic the speed and movements of live yellowfin tuna. |
 | EarEcho: Unlock your smartphone with earbudsVisit a public space. Chances are you'll see people wearing earbuds or earphones. |
 | Health fears prompt Swiss 5G revoltSwitzerland was among the first countries to begin deploying 5G, but health fears over radiation from the antennas that carry the next-generation mobile technology have sparked a nationwide revolt. |
 | The long road to clean energyThe vital transition to a zero-carbon economy is likely to be a long and rocky road. So-called green energy is booming, but not fast enough to curb climate change, which is accelerating at an alarming pace as oil, gas and coal consumption soar. |
 | Huawei eyes computer market as US squeezes telecom businessHuawei will step up its presence in the global market for computer hardware, a top company official said on Wednesday, as the Chinese telecom giant weathers a US assault on its 5G network and smartphone business. |
 | Zuckerberg: new Facebook panel can overrule himFacebook said Tuesday it has finalized its charter for its "independent oversight board," giving the panel the authority to overrule chief executive Mark Zuckerberg on questions of appropriate content. |
 | Ocean power: A green option failing to make wavesThe tidal power plant on the Rance river in Brittany, France, stands as a reminder of the underexploited potential of energy generation from ocean tides, waves and warmth. |
 | Superblocks currently transforming Barcelona might work in Australian cities, tooThe Spanish city of Barcelona has pioneered an innovative approach to managing traffic, freeing up public space and promoting walking and cycling. The "superblocks" model produces considerable health and economic benefits, according to newly published research, and could be applied in Australian cities, too. |
 | 'Flying' river taxi tests Seine waters in ParisA "flying" electric river taxi hailed by its creators as the future of clean city transport is being put through a battery of tests in Paris this week, with a view to being in service by the spring. |
 | Virtual assistants with personality can help with mental illnessComputer scientists have pioneered a new method that could be used to develop more "natural" automated virtual assistants to help people suffering from mental illness. |
 | Video: Designing and 3-D-printing a better braceAlmost exactly one year ago to the day, Anuj Thakkar got into an unfortunate biking accident and was left with a broken wrist. It soon became evident that not only would he have to deal with the pain of a broken wrist, but he would also have to deal with the discomfort of a cloth cast. After a couple of weeks of dealing with the consequences of a sweaty cast that could not get wet during one of the rainiest weeks of the month, Anuj had had enough. |
 | Flying cars could cut emissions, replace planes, and free up roads – but not soon enoughWhen Chitty Chitty Bang Bang was released 50 years ago, flying cars were a flight of fancy. Now, these futuristic vehicles are entering the outer fringes of reality. According to a new study published in Nature, for some journeys flying cars could eventually be greener than even electric road cars, cutting emissions while also reducing traffic on increasingly busy roads. |
 | NY Times ends separate Spanish-language operationThe New York Times is shutting down its Spanish-language service called NYT en Espanol, saying it was not "financially successful." |
 | Amazon's payment innovation: cold cashAmazon's latest innovation in the online payment world is something called... cash. |
 | Comcast tries to bolster streaming gadget by dropping feeAs big entertainment companies prepare to launch new streaming services, Comcast is trying to bolster its Flex streaming TV device by giving it away. |
 | The future of 'extremely' energy-efficient circuitsData centers are processing data and dispensing the results at astonishing rates, and such robust systems require a significant amount of energy—so much energy, in fact, that information communication technology is projected to account for 20% of total energy consumption in the United States by 2020. |
 | Google ads: effective, a little frustrating, businesses sayFor many small business owners, Google is a necessary and successful way to advertise although it can also be expensive and frustrating. |
 | Tech execs say they're acting faster on extremist contentExecutives of Facebook, Google and Twitter told Congress on Wednesday that they've gotten better and faster at detecting and removing violent extremist content on their social media platforms in the face of mass shootings fueled by hatred. |
 | California governor signs law making gig workers employeesCalifornia Governor Gavin Newsom signed legislation Wednesday which could slam the brakes on the so-called "gig economy" by requiring rideshare firms to treat contract drivers as employees, challenging the economic models of giants such as Uber and Lyft. |
 | Facebook still auto-generating Islamic State, al-Qaida pagesIn the face of criticism that Facebook is not doing enough to combat extremist messaging, the company likes to say that its automated systems remove the vast majority of prohibited content glorifying the Islamic State group and al-Qaida before it's reported. |
 | France pledges billions in fight to halt start-up drainHow do you stop European tech firms from moving to the US once they start eyeing the big time? Part of the solution is finding them access to funding at home. |
 | Airbus ups estimate of 20-year demand for new planesAirbus on Wednesday increased its estimate of the number of new aircraft needed over the coming two decades as airlines seek more fuel-efficient planes even as it trimmed its forecast for the increase in demand for air travel. |
 | Cash-starved Air India putting crews on low-fat dietCash-starved Air India is putting its crew on a diet, changing their inflight menu to special low-fat meals. |
 | Approaching the battery of tomorrow with help from a laserEco-friendlier, cheaper, with a bigger storage capacity and increased lifetime: many demands are made on the battery of the future. A Spanish team of researchers uses laser technology to design the next generation of batteries. |
 | Argonne harnesses virtual power to address the most complex challenges in nuclear scienceDesigning a new type of nuclear reactor is a complicated endeavor requiring billions of dollars and years of development. What's more, there are a vast array of different proposed configurations for next-generation nuclear reactors that scientists hope will produce electricity safely, cost effectively and efficiently. |
 | British Airways pilots call off third strikeBritish Airways pilots on Wednesday cancelled a strike that had been due September 27, the British Airline Pilots Association union said after two walkouts last week that cost the company dear. |
 | Research uncovers law-like progression of weapons technologiesAnticipating the technology and weapon systems of our future Army might not be entirely daunting, new Army research finds. |
 | Qatar Airways reports $639-mn loss as boycott bitesQatar Airways hit turbulence on Wednesday posting a net loss for the year to March 2019 of $639 million which the airline blamed on key markets closing their airspace to Doha. |
African star tech start-up lays off hundreds of junior developersMajor African tech start-up Andela sacked hundreds of its staff this week—the majority from Nigeria—in one of the largest layoffs in the continent's budding tech industry. | |
 | Zuckerberg sets talks in Washington on 'future regulation'Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg was expected in Washington Thursday for private talks with policymakers as the leading social network faces a myriad of regulatory and legal issues. |
Medicine & Health news
 | Microbiome may be involved in mechanisms related to muscle strength in older adultsA novel new study suggests that the gut microbiome has a role in mechanisms related to muscle strength in older adults. The work, led by researchers at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts, is available as a pre-proof in advance of print in Experimental Gerontology. |
 | Stabilizing neuronal branching for healthy brain circuitryNeurons form circuits in our brain by creating tree-like branches to connect with each other. Newly forming branches rely on the stability of microtubules, a railway-like system important for the transport of materials in cells. The mechanisms that regulate the stability of microtubules in branches are largely unknown. New research from the Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience—Jefferson Health has identified a key molecule that stabilizes microtubules and reinforces new neuronal branches. |
 | Extinct human species gave modern humans an immunity boostFindings from the Garvan Institute of Medical Research show modern humans acquired a gene variant from Denisovans that heightened their immune reactions, indicating adaptation of the immune system to a changing environment. |
 | Brain tumors form synapses with healthy neurons, study findsScientists at the Stanford University School of Medicine have shown for the first time that severe brain cancers integrate into the brain's wiring. |
 | Babies' gut bacteria affected by delivery method, Baby Biome project showsBabies born vaginally have different gut bacteria—their microbiome—than those delivered by Caesarean, research has shown. Scientists from the Wellcome Sanger Institute, UCL, the University of Birmingham and their collaborators discovered that whereas vaginally born babies got most of their gut bacteria from their mother, babies born via caesarean did not, and instead had more bacteria associated with hospital environments in their guts. |
 | Combination therapies could help treat fatal lung cancersCombining a new class of drug with two other compounds can significantly shrink lung tumours in mice and human cancer cells, finds a new study led by the Francis Crick Institute and The Institute of Cancer Research, London. |
 | Promising drug candidate could stop malaria parasites at multiple stagesRedesigning molecules originally developed to treat the skin disease psoriasis could lead to an effective new drug against malaria, according to an international team of researchers. The team modified a class of molecules called pantothenamides to increase their stability in humans. The new compounds stop the malaria parasite from replicating in infected humans and from being transmitted to mosquitos, and are effective against malaria parasites resistant to currently available drugs. A paper describing this new class of modified pantothenamides appears online September 18, 2019, in the journal Science Translational Medicine. |
 | CBD may alleviate seizures, benefit behaviors in people with neurodevelopmental conditionsA marijuana plant extract, also known as cannabidiol (CBD), is being commonly used to improve anxiety, sleep problems, pain, and many other neurological conditions. Now UNC School of Medicine researchers show it may alleviate seizures and normalize brain rhythms in Angelman syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental condition. |
 | Lab examines migraine-like phenotypes in nematodeResearchers at UMass Medical School have uncovered a mechanism that causes an imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory signaling in the nervous system. This research, which was carried out using the nematode C. elegans and published in eLife, may provide new insights into molecular and neural systems that underlie human neural disorders. |
 | Early maternal anemia tied to intellectual disability, ADHD and autismThe timing of anemia—a common condition in late pregnancy—can make a big difference for the developing fetus, according to research at Karolinska Institutet published in JAMA Psychiatry. The researchers found a link between early anemia and increased risk of autism, ADHD and intellectual disability in children. Anemia discovered toward the end of pregnancy did not have the same correlation. The findings underscore the importance of early screening for iron status and nutritional counseling. |
 | How sleepless nights compromise the health of your gutIt is well known that individuals who work night shifts or travel often across different time zones have a higher tendency to become overweight and suffer from gut inflammation. The underlying cause for this robust phenomenon has been the subject of many studies that tried to relate physiological processes with the activity of the brain's circadian clock, which is generated in response to the daylight cycle. |
 | The path of breast-to-brain cancer metastasisIn 2018, breast cancer was the most common cancer in women worldwide, accounting for about a quarter of all reported cancers. When breast cancer metastasizes, the brain is a common destination. |
 | Learning to read boosts the visual brainReading is a recent invention in the history of human culture—too recent for dedicated brain networks to have evolved specifically for it. How, then, do humans accomplish this remarkable feat? As we learn to read, a brain region known as the visual word form area (VWFA) becomes sensitive to script (letters or characters). However, some researchers believe that the development of this area takes up (and thus detrimentally affects) space that is otherwise available for processing culturally relevant objects such as faces, houses or tools. |
 | Study points to new drug target in fight against cancerResearchers have identified a potential new drug target in the fight against cancer. |
Targeted radiotherapy technique could cut treatment time from two months to two weeksAdvanced radiotherapy technology could safely deliver curative treatment for some prostate cancer patients in just one or two weeks, according to new research published today. This is a significant reduction from the current standard of care, which is one to two months and the first time such a short timeframe of treatment has been investigated in a phase III trial. | |
 | Study questions routine sleep studies to evaluate snoring in childrenPediatricians routinely advise parents of children who snore regularly and have sleepiness, fatigue or other symptoms consistent with sleep disordered breathing, to get a sleep study; this can help determine whether their child has obstructive sleep apnea, which is often treated with surgery to remove the tonsils and adenoids (adenotonsillectomy). Often pediatricians make surgery recommendations based on the results of this sleep study. |
Fast MRIs offer alternative to CT scans for pediatric head injuries: studyResearchers from the University of Colorado School of Medicine have released a study that shows that a new imaging method "fast MRI" is effective in identifying traumatic brain injuries in children, and can avoid exposure to ionizing radiation and anesthesia. | |
 | Radiation may lower potential for side effects of CAR T therapy in non-hodgkin's lymphomaTreating non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients with radiation therapy as an additional treatment while they wait for their CAR T cells to be manufactured may reduce the risk of CAR T therapy side effects once it is administered, according to a new study from researchers in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania. The study found patients who received radiation 30 days or fewer before their CAR T infusion did not experience serious cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or neurotoxicity, the two most common side effects of the gene therapy. Michael LaRiviere, MD, a resident in Radiation Oncology in Penn's Perelman School of Medicine, will present the findings today at the American Society for Radiation Oncology Annual Meeting in Chicago (Abstract #135). |
 | Electronic nose can sniff out which lung cancer patients will respond to immunotherapyAn electronic nose that detects chemicals in the breath of lung cancer patients can identify with 85% accuracy those who will or will not respond to immunotherapy, according to new research published in the leading cancer journal Annals of Oncology today. |
 | Brain imaging shows how nonverbal children with autism have slower response to soundsEven though nonverbal or minimally verbal people who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) make up between 25 and 30 percent of the total autistic population, almost no studies have been done focusing on this group and their particular needs. |
Study stresses the importance of staying physically active and the negative effects of even short-term inactivityA new study presented at this year's Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) in Barcelona, Spain (16-20 September) highlights the negative health effects of even short periods of physical inactivity and stresses the importance of staying physically active. | |
 | Early signs of adult diabetes are visible in children as young as 8 years oldEarly signs of adulthood type 2 diabetes can be seen in children as young as 8 years old, decades before it is likely to be diagnosed, according to a new genetic study being presented at this year's European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) Annual Meeting in Barcelona, Spain (16-20 September). |
 | Deprivation associated with increased risk of death following hospital admission with type 2 diabetesNew research presented at this year's Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) in Barcelona, Spain (16-20 Sept) shows that where you live has an impact on how likely you are to die for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and how likely you are to be readmitted to hospital for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) following hospital discharge. The study is by Dr. Tim Robbins, Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, and colleagues from both the University of Warwick and University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, UK. |
Study finds manufacturing, driving and cleaning jobs linked to the highest risk of developing type 2 diabetesProfessional drivers, manufacturing workers and cleaners have a threefold increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with university teachers and physiotherapists, according to a new study presented at this year's Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and published in Diabetologia (the journal of EASD). | |
 | Number of abortions in US falls to lowest level since 1973The number and rate of abortions across the United States have plunged to their lowest levels since the procedure became legal nationwide in 1973, according to new figures released Wednesday. |
 | Meaty issue: Mock pork edges onto Southeast Asian platesA sprinkle of chili, some pinkish "pork" and a few basil leaves tossed into a sizzling wok—chef Songpol swears his vegan version of punchy Thai favourite pad kra phao is a match for the original, as plant-based protein creeps onto Southeast Asia's meat-heavy menus. |
 | New York state bans flavored e-cigarettes over vaping concernsNew York became the second US state to ban flavored e-cigarettes Tuesday, following several vaping-linked deaths that have raised fears about a product long promoted as less harmful than smoking. |
 | Alarming number of heart infections tied to opioid epidemicAn alarming number of people nationwide are developing infections of either the heart's inner lining or valves, known as infective endocarditis, in large part, due to the current opioid epidemic. This new trend predominantly affects young, white, poor men who also have higher rates of HIV, hepatitis C and alcohol abuse, according to new research published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, the open access journal of the American Heart Association. |
Researchers demonstrate senescent cell burden is reduced in humans by senolytic drugsIn a small safety and feasibility clinical trial, Mayo Clinic researchers have demonstrated for the first time that senescent cells can be removed from the body using drugs termed "senolytics". The result was verified not only in analysis of blood but also in changes in skin and fat tissue senescent cell abundance. The findings appear in the journal EBioMedicine. | |
 | 3-D virtual reality models help yield better surgical outcomesA UCLA-led study has found that using three-dimensional virtual reality models to prepare for kidney tumor surgeries resulted in substantial improvements, including shorter operating times, less blood loss during surgery and a shorter stay in the hospital afterward. |
 | Towards better hand hygiene for flu preventionRubbing hands with ethanol-based sanitizers should provide a formidable defense against infection from flu viruses, which can thrive and spread in saliva and mucus. But findings published this week in mSphere challenge that notion—and suggest that there's room for improvement in this approach to hand hygiene. |
 | For people with severe mental illness, cardiovascular disease risk may be underestimatedCurrent risk prediction algorithms for cardiovascular disease may be underestimating the disease risk for people with mental illness by as much as 60 percent, according to a study published September 18, 2019 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Ruth Cunningham from the University of Otago Wellington, New Zealand, and colleagues. |
 | AAN recommends people 65+ be screened yearly for memory problemsPeople with mild cognitive impairment have thinking and memory problems but usually do not know it because such problems are not severe enough to affect their daily activities. Yet mild cognitive impairment can be an early sign of Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia. It can also be a symptom of sleep problems, medical illness, depression, or a side effect of medications. |
 | Randomized quality improvement projects help assess effectiveness of patient-focused programsHospitals routinely implement processes aimed at increasing provision of high quality care for patients, such as calling patients to encourage follow-up visits or providing doctors and nurses with alerts in electronic health records to prompt reminders for vaccinations. But most of the time, hospitals cannot tell whether these processes are working optimally. |
 | One daily combo pill helps lower heart disease risk in study of underserved patientsTaking one daily pill that combined medications to treat high blood pressure and high cholesterol lowered heart disease risk among underserved patients better than taking several separate medications to treat these risk factors, according to new research published in the New England Journal of Medicine and funded by the American Heart Association, the leading voluntary health organization devoted to a world of longer, healthier lives. |
Evidence underpinning approval of new cancer drugs raises questionsAround half of trials that supported new cancer drug approvals in Europe between 2014 and 2016 were judged to be at high risk of bias, which indicates that treatment effects might have been exaggerated, concludes a study published by The BMJ today. | |
 | New study shows long-term durability of early combination therapy in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetesA new study, VERIFY (Vildagliptin Efficacy in combination with metfoRmIn For earlY treatment of type 2 diabetes) presented at this year's Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) in Barcelona, Spain (16-20 Sept, 2019), and published simultaneously in The Lancet, is the first to show that early combination therapy using vildagliptin and metformin in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) leads to better long-term blood sugar control and a reduced rate of treatment failure than metformin alone (the current standard-of-care treatment for patients newly diagnosed with T2D). |
 | The market in your head: How our brains determine appropriate pricesWhen bidding in a competitive market, brains use a special type of heuristic to adjust the price depending on the success of previous attempts to buy goods. Moreover, this learning mechanism involves not only the cerebral cortex, but the evolutionary ancient brain area of the striatum. This was the conclusion reached by neuroscientists from the HSE University and the Research Center of Neurology in a study published in the European Journal of Neuroscience. |
 | A case for personalized medicine in the search for answers about cancerA new cancer is diagnosed every 30 seconds in the United States. Every three minutes, two people in the U.S. die from cancer. Some of the deaths related to the disease arise from the fact that the same drug that helps one person can be detrimental to another with the same type of cancer. |
 | Lack of toothbrushing for seniors in nursing homes is a serious health riskElderly people in nursing homes often go without a good toothbrushing. |
 | First survey of trans and gender diverse sexual health reveals major gaps in health systemThe Kirby Institute has released a new report that highlights a need for policy and practice in Australian sexual assault services to be more responsive to the needs of trans and gender diverse people. |
 | Surgery may benefit women with two types of urinary incontinenceSurgery for stress urinary incontinence (leaking that occurs with a cough or sneeze) improves symptoms of another form of incontinence, called urgency urinary incontinence, in women who have both types, according to a study supported by the National Institutes of Health. The findings challenge current treatment guidelines, which suggest that the surgery may worsen urgency urinary incontinence in women with both forms, also called mixed urinary incontinence. The study appears in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Funding was provided by NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and Office of Research on Women's Health. |
 | Young drinkers more 'selfie-conscious,' research suggestsYoung Australians are less likely to over-indulge in booze and illicit drugs because they like to keep up appearances in their social media-sphere, according to a Flinders University expert on substance abuse and addiction. |
 | Study: People with autism show atypical brain activity when coordinating visual and motor informationA new study in the Journal of Neurophysiology by researchers at the University of Kansas Life Span Institute is the first to look at functional brain activity in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) while they performed precision visuomotor behavior—in this case, a grip-force test. |
 | Medical residents report widespread sexual harassmentSexual harassment in academic medicine is widespread and prevalent with female residents in surgery and internal medicine reporting the highest rates and those in pediatrics reporting the lowest, a new study finds. |
 | Research on mental health following environmental disasters soaringNew research led by the Yale School of Public Health finds that the number of studies on how environmental disasters affect mental health has increased dramatically and that they consistently find strong associations with survivor's mental health outcomes. |
 | Healthy drinks, healthy kids: First-ever consensus on recommendations for young childrenLeading medical and nutrition organizations recommend breast milk, infant formula, water, and plain milk as part of a new set of comprehensive beverage recommendations for children, outlined by age (birth through age 5). They caution against beverages that are sources of added sugars in young children's diets, including flavored milks (e.g., chocolate, strawberry) and sugar- and low-calorie sweetened beverages, in addition to a wide variety of beverages that are on the market and targeted to children such as toddler formulas, caffeinated beverages, and plant-based/non-dairy milks (e.g., almond, rice, oat), which provide no unique nutritional value. |
 | New polymer heart valve implanted in first patientCaltech researchers have helped to design a new generation of heart valves that are longer-lasting, cost less to manufacture, and are more biocompatible than options that are currently available to patients. As part of an FDA trial, one of the new valves was implanted into a human for the first time in late July. |
 | Two groups of neurons identified in causing Leigh syndromeLeigh syndrome affects one in every 40,000 newborns and is produced by deficits in the mitochondria, which produce the energy needed for cells to function correctly. Thus, cells with a high energy demand, such as the brain and muscles, are most affected. Recently, the Mitochondrial Neuropathology laboratory at the UAB Institute of Neuroscience, directed by Albert Quintana, published an article in eLife describing the neurons responsible for the symptoms produced by this disorder. The generation of two new mouse models of the disease has allowed researchers to better understand the causes. |
 | How other countries get parents to vaccinate their kids (and what Australia can learn)Countries around the world, including Australia, are using different ways to get parents to vaccinate their children. |
 | Why exercise is so important as you ageIt's well-documented that regular exercise is good for us. Being active can reduce your risk for a variety of diseases such as heart disease and cancer, as well as improving psychological well-being. |
 | Universal health coverage alone won't radically improve global healthThis Sept. 23, the United Nations General Assembly invites world leaders and delegates to converge for a meeting about universal health coverage (UHC) that's expected to result in a political declaration. |
 | How to know if your child has hay fever and how you should treat itSpring has sprung and if you're one of the one in five Australians who get hay fever, you've probably noticed some of those pesky symptoms: sneezing; an itchy, runny or stuffy nose; and red, itchy, watery eyes. |
 | One good turn deserves another: Children recognize reciprocity as a norm by age 5Five-year-olds enforce reciprocal behavior in social interactions. A study by LMU psychologists shows that children come to recognize reciprocity as a norm between the ages of three and five. |
 | Stepwise approach effective for primary care dementia screeningAssessment of dementia risk using three common screening tools at baseline predicts incident dementia over the course of about seven years, according to a study published in the September/October issue of the Annals of Family Medicine. |
 | Vaping-linked lung illness claims seventh victimA 40-year-old California man is the seventh person to die from a severe respiratory illness brought on by using electronic cigarettes. |
 | Psoriasis drug target offers potential for osteosarcomaA treatment for psoriasis could be repurposed to treat a rare but aggressive form of youth cancer, new findings from the Garvan Institute of Medical Research suggest. |
 | Bacteria injections help the immune system fight cancerCancers evade destruction by convincing some immune cells to suppress others. But a surprising interlocutor can persuade the suppressors to defect, and the destroyers to redouble. |
 | One way childhood trauma leads to poorer health for womenResearchers have long known that childhood trauma is linked to poorer health for women at midlife. A new study shows one important reason why. |
 | Cholesterol levels increase in post-menopausal womenWomen who have gone through menopause may need to keep an eye on their cholesterol levels, according to new research from The Australian National University (ANU). |
 | Ritalin at 75: What does the future hold?Seventy-five years ago, a new stimulant drug with the generic name of methylphenidate was born in the Swiss lab of chemical company Ciba. Like many drugs, its therapeutic purpose was unclear. But these were the days a scientist could take a drug home and test it on their spouse, which is exactly what Ciba scientist Leandro Panizzon did. Panizzon's wife, Rita, reported that the drug gave her tennis game a real fillip. And so Panizzon named the drug Ritaline in his wife's honor. |
 | Over 3,000 killed by measles in the Democratic Republic of the CongoEbola outbreaks, such as the current one in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), which has claimed 2,074 people's lives, are widely covered in the media. But another virus is ravaging the DRC with minimal publicity. That virus is measles. |
 | Walking slower and pausing for rest may enable older adults to maintain outdoor mobilityAs functional ability declines, older people may start to have difficulties in walking long distances. At this point, older people might change their way of walking consciously or unconsciously. |
 | Researchers develop new drug that fights cancer with less renal toxicityA team of pharmacists and chemists from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has developed a new anti-cancer drug that has less toxic effects to the kidneys. The new drug works like a "magic bullet" that is delivered directly to the mitochondria—the power generators of cells—of cancer cells. Once the drug reaches the tumor, two active molecules—an anti-cancer drug and a sensitizer—are released at once, and they attack the mitochondria, leading to the death of cancer cells. Such a targeted approach reduces the drug's interactions with other tissues, minimizing side effects and it is expected to lower the risk of patients developing resistance to anti-cancer drugs like cisplatin. |
 | Three faces of teen popularity: being feared, being loved, and being feared and lovedAdolescents place a lot of emphasis on popularity and they are keenly aware of the difference between being liked and being popular. If forced to choose, many opt for popularity. |
 | More operations are scheduled if doctor is well restedResearchers at Linköping University have investigated how orthopaedic surgeons make decisions regarding surgery, and how the decisions are related to how much of their work shift they have completed. The results show that a patient who meets the surgeon at the end of his or her shift is less likely to be scheduled for surgery. |
 | Compound may play role in halting panceatic cancerIn early test tube and mouse studies, investigators at Johns Hopkins Medicine and the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center have found that nonmuscle myosin IIC (MYH14), a protein activated in response to mechanical stress, helps promote metastatic behavior in pancreatic cancer cells, and that the compound 4-hydroxyacetophenone (4-HAP), known to stiffen myosin IIC-containing cells, can send it into overdrive, overwhelming the ability of cells to invade nearby tissue. |
 | Heart cells respond to heart attack and increase the chance of survivalThe heart of both humans and mice does not completely recover after a heart attack. It now turns out that cells close to the area of the heart attack respond to the damage resulting from the heart attack, and that this response is important for survival. This was discovered by researchers from the groups of Jeroen Bakkers (Hubrecht Institute) and Vincent Christoffels (Amsterdam UMC). Additional research on these cells, and on similar cells in animals in which the heart does completely recover after a heart attack, may lead to new treatments for patients with heart damage in the future. The results of this research were published in the scientific journal Circulation. |
Fathers may protect their LGB kids from health effects of discriminationLesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals who report being discriminated against but who feel close to their fathers have lower levels of C-reactive protein (CRP)—a measure of inflammation and cardiovascular risk—than those without support from their fathers, finds a new study from researchers at NYU College of Global Public Health. | |
 | Study finds new way to make chemotherapy more effective against pancreatic cancerPancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy that most often is resistant to chemotherapy. Researchers have been searching for ways to increase the sensitivity of the tumors to cancer-fighting drugs. |
Study examines prevalence of screening for social needsA new study from The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, published this week in JAMA Network Open, finds that most U.S. physician practices and hospitals report screening patients for at least one social need, a trend that is expected to increase in the future, and that practices that care for disadvantaged patients report higher screening rates. | |
 | Tailored 'cell sheets' to improve post-operative wound closing and healingScientists have designed a new method for post-operative wound closing and healing that is both fast and effective. This strategy revolves around engineered "cell sheets"—or layers of skin-based cells. The procedure culminates in a wound dressing that is custom made for a specific cut or lesion that can be used to effectively treat open skin areas after surgeries. |
 | Staying healthy now to work into older age(HealthDay)—While you can take Social Security benefits at age 62 and get 75% of your maximum, waiting until you reach full retirement age (between age 66 and 67 depending on the year you were born) gets you much closer to the full amount. But the age at which Americans can collect the most dollars has inched up to 70. |
 | Q&A: Mild hypothyroidism may not need treatmentDear Mayo Clinic: I recently was diagnosed with mild hypothyroidism that isn't causing symptoms. My doctor says I don't need treatment now, but she wants me to come back for regular checkups. Does hypothyroidism usually get worse over time? If it does, how is it treated? |
 | Low-cost blood pressure drug improves brain function in individuals with autismDrugs known as "beta-blockers" have been used since the 1960s as a low-cost, safe and effective means to lower heart rate and control blood pressure. But now researchers from the University of Missouri School of Medicine and the MU Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders have discovered a version of the drug known as propranolol could provide cognitive and social benefits for those living with autism spectrum disorder. |
 | Study quantifies impact of NCI-sponsored trials on clinical cancer careA new study shows that nearly half of phase 3 cancer clinical trials carried out by the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored SWOG Cancer Research Network, one of five groups in NCI's National Clinical Trials Network (NCTN), were associated with clinical care guidelines or new drug approvals. NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health. |
 | Many older patients with AML not receiving active treatment(HealthDay)—Many older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) do not receive any active treatment, and they have worse survival than those receiving active treatment, according to a study published online Sept. 4 in Cancer. |
 | Diabetes distress common at large Midwestern university(HealthDay)—In a large university population, the prevalence of diabetes distress is high, and high diabetes distress levels are associated with lower diabetes quality of life (QOL) for both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, according to a study published in the September issue of the Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. |
 | Researchers find new ways to improve CPRAn international research consortium, which included faculty members from the University of Minnesota Medical School, was able to identify what is likely an optimal combination of chest compression frequency and depth when performing CPR. |
 | Preference for fentanyl higher amount young, white, frequent opioid usersA minority of people who use illicit opioids indicated a preference for fentanyl, the super-potent synthetic opioid that accounts for much of the recent rise in U.S. overdose deaths, according to a new study led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. |
 | Supportive relationships in childhood leads to longer livesAfter years of generalized theories and hypothesis, research has finally pinpointed certain aspects of childhood experience linked to people living longer. |
 | As e-cigarettes take heat, Europe takes wait-and-see approachEurope appears to have been spared an outbreak of the mysterious vaping-induced illnesses that have claimed seven lives in the US, prompting a backlash against e-cigarettes, but regulators say they are closely monitoring the situation. |
Study shows pre-disaster collaboration key to community resilienceLSU Health New Orleans-led research reports that the key to improving community resiliency following disasters is a dynamic partnership between community-based organizations and public health agencies established pre-disaster. The results are published in the American Journal of Public Health available here. | |
 | Study: Obesity associated with abnormal bowel habits—not dietObesity affects approximately 40 percent of Americans, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). While obesity is known to be associated with increased risk of other health conditions—such as heart disease, diabetes and gastrointestinal diseases—less is known about the relationship between obesity and abnormal bowel habits. In the most comprehensive analysis of the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and bowel habits to date, published today in Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, a team of physician-researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) found a strong association between obesity and chronic diarrhea independent of an individual's dietary, lifestyle, psychological factors or medical conditions. The findings could have important implications for how physicians might approach and treat symptoms of diarrhea in patients with obesity. |
 | Are irrational beliefs holding back your career?Psychologists have developed a free test which reveals how the way you think affects your performance. |
Youth in Canada is diagnosed with illness related to vapingA high school student in Canada has been diagnosed with a severe respiratory illness related to vaping, officials said Wednesday, in what's believed to be the first reported case in the country. | |
 | How dangerous is vaping? The science remains hazyIs vaping a useful tool for quitting smoking or just a new way of harming your health? Countries around the world are beginning to consider this question and India on Wednesday announced a total ban on the sale of e-cigarettes, |
 | Study helps parents build resilience to navigate child's cancerTatum Fettig remembers when her family's lives changed forever. In 2016, her daughter Teagan began vomiting and struggling with balance. At Seattle Children's, Teagan, then 2, was diagnosed with a pediatric brain tumor, medulloblastoma. Through the grueling process of chemotherapy treatment and radiation, Fettig and her husband were by Teagan's side, trying to cope with the uncertainty of whether they would see their youngest child grow up. They mourned the loss of their former life. |
 | India's government approves ban on e-cigarettesIndia's government on Wednesday decided to ban e-cigarettes, expressing concern at the alarming rate at which vaping is becoming popular among the country's youth and causing breathing illnesses. |
 | Whole genome sequencing for prenatal diagnosisThe Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Faculty of Medicine at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) has successfully introduced a new genome sequencing technique for prenatal invasive genetic diagnosis. It offers enhanced sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosing lethal and severe congenital disorders through precise detection of pathogenic microdeletion or microduplication in the fetus, compared with the current practice karyotyping analysis and chromosomal microarray analysis (as known as fetal DNA chip testing). The team conducted a study on the innovation and the findings were recently published on the journal Genetics in Medicine. |
 | Researchers suggest cultural outreach prevents social exclusionEven though the majority of Finnish youth are thriving, some of them are wrestling with a host of problems. Studies find that 14% of Finns born in 1987 hadn't completed any degrees within nine years after completing the nine-year comprehensive school starting at the age of seven. Some of them have faced wellbeing and health related challenges: every third of them have either been given a psychiatric diagnosis or taken psychiatric medications. As for Finns born in 1997, there is no indication that the numbers will change for the better. |
 | Autoantibodies in pregnancy: A cause of behavioral disorders in the child?Dysfunctions in the maternal immune system that occur during pregnancy could possibly lead to impaired brain development in the unborn child. This is suggested by studies by the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Charite—Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, which are based on laboratory experiments and additional findings in humans. According to these studies, embryonic damage due to so-called autoantibodies could be a previously unnoticed cause of behavioral disorders that occur in diseases such as autism, schizophrenia and ADHD. The research results are published in the journal Annals of Neurology. |
New yardstick offers diagnostic and treatment guidance for idiopathic anaphylaxisMany people in danger of the severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis understand exactly what they need to avoid to stay safe. For some it's an allergy to food, for others it can be insect stings, medications, hormones or even physical factors like exercise. But according to the new "Idiopathic Anaphylaxis Yardstick", there are people for whom diagnosis and treatment of anaphylaxis are difficult because the cause is unknown and therefore labeled "idiopathic." The yardstick is published in Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, the scientific journal of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI). | |
 | Stock up on these fall superfoods(HealthDay)—Butternut squash, Brussels sprouts and apples are all amazing fall superfoods and the perfect reason to get cooking. |
 | Artificially engineering the intestineShort bowel syndrome is a debilitating condition with few treatment options, and these treatments have limited efficacy. The ability to grow artificial intestine is a coveted goal with the potential to profoundly improve this outlook. Working toward this target, researchers have created an artificial scaffold that mimics the native small intestinal architecture, complete with villi; this scaffold can incorporate intestinal epithelial cells and be successfully implanted in mice while retaining structural integrity. The work is reported in Tissue Engineering. |
Study shows Texas leads in worksite lactation support initiativesTexas is ranked in the top quarter of the U.S. for its worksite lactation support initiatives, according to research led by The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health. The study, published recently in the Journal of Human Lactation, was the first of its kind to identify and describe statewide worksite breastfeeding initiatives. These initiatives recognize employers in the state that support their breastfeeding employees. | |
 | Michigan bans flavored e-cigarettes a day after New YorkMichigan banned the sale of flavored e-cigarettes on Wednesday, the latest state to act following hundreds of serious breathing issues in people using vaping devices that prompted a federal investigation. |
Biology news
 | Fruit flies' microbiomes shape their evolutionThe expression "you are what you eat" has taken on new meaning. In an experiment in fruit flies, or Drosophila melanogaster, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have found that adding different species of microbes to the flies' food caused populations to diverge genetically, racking up significant genomic changes in just five generations. |
 | These pink sea urchins have teeth that sharpen themselvesSea urchins have five teeth, each held by a separate jaw in a circular arrangement at the center of their spiked, spherical bodies. Now, researchers reporting in the journal Matter on September 18 have discovered how the teeth of the pink sea urchin are specially equipped to sharpen themselves. |
 | Using unconventional materials, like ice and eggshells, as scaffolds to grow tissuesAs the global demand for tissue and organ transplants significantly outstrips supply, tissue engineering might provide a potential solution. But one of the significant challenges in tissue engineering is growing tissue in 3-D, and the scaffolds used to position cells to develop tissue-specific functions are often challenging or prohibitively expensive to develop. |
 | Wilderness areas halve extinction riskThe global conservation community has been urged to adopt a specific target to protect the world's remaining wilderness areas to prevent large scale loss of at-risk species. |
 | Scientists construct energy production unit for a synthetic cellScientists at the University of Groningen have constructed synthetic vesicles in which ATP, the main energy carrier in living cells, is produced. The vesicles use the ATP to maintain their volume and their ionic strength homeostasis. This metabolic network will eventually be used in the creation of synthetic cells—but it can already be used to study ATP-dependent processes. The researchers described the synthetic system in an article that was published in Nature Communications on 18 September. |
 | Super-corals adapt well to cold but struggle with warming oceansSuper-corals from extreme reefs can acclimatize to temperatures much lower than their natural environment but struggle to cope with their home reefs becoming hotter due to climate change, according to a global research team led by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at The University of Western Australia. |
 | Study suggests dog breeds with less artificial selection history behave more wolf-likeA team of researchers from the University of Pisa and the University of Milan has found evidence that shows that dog breeds with a long artificial selection history are less wolf-like in their behavior than breeds with less artificial selection. In their paper published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, the group describes behavioral experiments they conducted with three dog breeds and what they found. |
 | Sunflowers found to share nutrient-rich soil with others of their kindA team of researchers at the University of Alberta has found that sunflower plants send fewer roots into nutrient-rich patches of soil when another sunflower is attempting to access the same patch. In their paper published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, the group describes their study of neighborly location in sunflowers, and what they learned from it. |
 | Colorful new gecko species describedA Griffith University student has played a key role in the discovery and description of a new gecko species—the eye-catching yellow-snouted bent-toed gecko from a mountain forest in Papua New Guinea. |
 | Researchers find way to study proteins moving (relatively) slowlyProteins are the workhorses of our bodies. They keep our organs functioning. They regulate our cells. They are the targets for medications that treat a number of diseases, including cancers and neurological diseases. Proteins need to move in order to function, but scientists still know very little about such motions at speeds slower than a nanosecond. |
 | New cells identified that repair tissueResearchers at Oxford University have discovered that a newly discovered group of cells can help repair tissues in the body. |
 | Genetically tailored instruction improves songbird learningSome recent research suggests that educational achievement can be predicted based on differences in our genes. But does this really mean that genes set limits on an individual's academic potential? Or do these findings just reflect how standardized educational systems reward certain inborn learning styles and aptitudes at the expense of others? |
 | Ecologists find strong evidence of fishing down the food web in freshwater lakeResearch by ecologists at the University of Toronto and Ontario's Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry shows strong evidence in a freshwater lake of "fishing down the food web"—the deliberate shift away from top predatory fish on the food chain to smaller species closer to the base. |
 | Study gives the green light to the fruit fly's color preferenceFor more than a century, the humble and ubiquitous fruit fly has helped scientists shed light on human genetics, disease, and behavior. Now a new study by University of Miami researchers reveals that the tiny, winged insects have an innate time- and color-dependent preference for light, raising the intriguing possibility that our own color choices depend on the time of day. |
 | Grizzlies show remarkable gene control before and during hibernationBeing a human couch potato can greatly increase fat accumulation, hasten the onset of Type II diabetes symptoms, result in detrimental blood chemistry and cardiovascular changes, and eventually, bring about one's death. |
 | March of the multiple penguin genomesThe Penguin Genome Consortium sequences all living penguin species genomes to understand the evolution of life on the ice |
Rare California trout species returns to native habitatFor the first time in nearly a century, a rare California trout species will swim in a mountain creek that is its native habitat, marking a major milestone that conservationists hope will lead to a thriving population and removal of its threatened status. | |
New study addresses changes in lobster molt timing, Gulf of Maine temperature shiftsVariation in lobster molt timing has been increasing in recent years, and is related to changing ocean temperatures in the Gulf of Maine, according to a new University of Maine study—one of the first to provide a quantified time series for when the crustaceans annually shed their shells. | |
 | All the pressing questions on fish migrationIt's not 20 questions—it's even more: Now researchers have identified 100 pressing questions on fish migration. |
 | Slow loris study reveals human rhythm of sleep may be evolutionarily conservedPeople typically sleep seven to eight hours in one stretch and stay awake for the rest of the day. Evolutionary scientists have assumed that this rhythm of sleep arose when our early ancestors went from being nocturnal to diurnal, but a new study of the Javan slow loris indicates that the human way of sleeping is much older. |
 | Tiny penguin's clean bill of health after epic NZ-Australia swimA tiny penguin that made the mammoth journey from New Zealand to Australia has been nursed back to health and released into the wild—in the hope it will find its own way home. |
 | Spider silk is created by adding spider DNA to microbesDid you know that female spiders can weave seven different types of silk? And that, by mimicking spiders, humans have learned to make a silken material that is almost as strong as spiderweb? |
 | Planned roads would be 'dagger in the heart' for Borneo's forests and wildlifeMalaysia's plans to create a Pan-Borneo Highway will severely degrade one of the world's most environmentally imperilled regions, says a research team from Australia and Malaysia. |
 | Coastal birds can weather the storm, but not the seaHow can birds that weigh less than a AA battery survive the immense power of Atlantic hurricanes? A new study in Ecology Letters finds that these coastal birds survive because their populations can absorb impacts and recover quickly from hurricanes—even storms many times larger than anything previously observed. |
 | Study shows interactions between bacteria and parasitesA team at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has completed the first study of the effects of a simultaneous infection with blood flukes (schistosomes) and the bacterium Helicobacter pylori—a fairly common occurrence in some parts of the world. They identified a complex interaction which resulted—among other effects—in a weakening of the adverse impact of the pathogens acting individually. |
 | New tool improves beekeepers' overwintering odds and bottom lineA new tool from the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) can predict the odds that honey bee colonies overwintered in cold storage will be large enough to rent for almond pollination in February. Identifying which colonies will not be worth spending dollars to overwinter can improve beekeepers' bottom line. |
 | South Korea confirms 2nd case of African swine feverSouth Korea on Wednesday confirmed a second case of African swine fever near its border with North Korea, raising concerns that the outbreak could spread and wreak havoc on the country's massive pig herds. |
 | Russian scientists use ultrasound to increase grain harvestScientists of the South Ural State University have created and patented a method of processing grain that will balance the amino acid composition, increase the amount of synthesized vitamins and minerals in its structure, and also ensure a high yield of wheat. The proposed approach to changing the properties of plant materials is effective and safe. |
 | Hurricane Dorian was also a catastrophe for the Bahamas' unique birdsHurricane Dorian was the second most powerful Atlantic hurricane on record and the fifth to reach the highest hurricane category (five) in the past four years. After it first made landfall, it hovered over the northern Bahamas for more than 50 hours. |
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