Nature Medicine : Oct 2018 Vol 24 iss 10

TABLE OF CONTENTS October 2018 Volume 24, Issue 10 Editorial News Feature Research Highlights News & Views Brief Communications Letters Articles Resources Amendments & Corrections Advertisement   Focal Point on Kobe A seismic shift How Kobe rebuilt itself after a devastating earthquake and turned into a biotechnology hub   Find out more Editorial GWAS to the people    p1483 doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0231-3 News Feature Going to waste    pp1484 - 1487 Colin Barras doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0218-0 Lost in the maze    pp1488 - 1490 Shraddha Chakradhar doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0208-2 Advertisement Do you have a career question?  The Naturejobs podcast features one-on-one Q&As, panel discussions and other exclusive content to help scientists with their careers. Hosted on the Naturejobs blog, the podcast is also available on iTunes and Soundcloud.  Listen today!    Research Highlights Gene editing for Duchenne muscular dystrophy    p1491 Hannah Stower doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0225-1 Early immune development    p1491 Hannah Stower doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0226-0 Interpreting the unknown    p1491 Hannah Stower doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0227-z Towards poliovirus eradication    p1491 Hannah Stower doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0228-y Live bacterial therapies for metabolic disease    p1491 Hannah Stower doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0229-x Medicine JOBS of the week More Science jobs from Medicine EVENT MicrobiotaMi 2018 05.11.18 Milano, Italy More science events from News & Views Tumors evading CARs—the chase is on    pp1492 - 1493 Sarwish Rafiq & Renier J. Brentjens doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0212-6 Towards therapeutic base editing    pp1493 - 1495 Huiyun Seo & Jin-Soo Kim doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0215-3 The influence of ethnicity and geography on human gut microbiome composition    pp1495 - 1496 Christopher A. Gaulke & Thomas J. Sharpton doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0210-8 A prescription for better opioid prescribing?    pp1496 - 1498 Nora D. Volkow & Ruben Baler doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0214-4 Brief Communications Induction of resistance to chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy by transduction of a single leukemic B cell    pp1499 - 1503 Marco Ruella, Jun Xu, David M. Barrett, Joseph A. Fraietta, Tyler J. Reich et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0201-9 A CAR gene unintentionally introduced in a contaminating leukemia cell during the manufacturing of CAR T cells caused a patient to relapse after therapy. Genetic mechanisms of target antigen loss in CAR19 therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia    pp1504 - 1506 Elena J. Orlando, Xia Han, Catherine Tribouley, Patricia A. Wood, Rebecca J. Leary et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0146-z Mutations in the CD19 gene suggesting irreversible loss of its surface expression are identified in the majority of analyzed cases of CD19– relapse in two clinical trials of pediatric ALL CD19 CAR T therapy, offering considerations for the rational choice of follow-up therapies. Letters Beneficial effects on vision in patients undergoing retinal gene therapy for choroideremia    pp1507 - 1512 Kanmin Xue, Jasleen K Jolly, Alun R. Barnard, Anna Rudenko, Anna P. Salvetti et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0185-5 The long-term follow-up results of a phase 1/2 retinal gene therapy clinical trial for choroideremia ( NCT01461213 ) support the safety and efficacy of the treatment. In utero CRISPR-mediated therapeutic editing of metabolic genes    pp1513 - 1518 Avery C. Rossidis, John D. Stratigis, Alexandra C. Chadwick, Heather A. Hartman, Nicholas J. Ahn et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0184-6 Viral-mediated base editing in utero enables therapeutic editing of two metabolic genes in mice. Treatment of a metabolic liver disease by in vivo genome base editing in adult mice    pp1519 - 1525 Lukas Villiger, Hiu Man Grisch-Chan, Helen Lindsay, Femke Ringnalda, Chiara B. Pogliano et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0209-1 AAV-mediated base editing corrects an autosomal recessive mutation in the Pahenu2 gene and ameliorates molecular deficits in a mouse model of metabolic liver disease. Depicting the composition of gut microbiota in a population with varied ethnic origins but shared geography    pp1526 - 1531 Mélanie Deschasaux, Kristien E. Bouter, Andrei Prodan, Evgeni Levin, Albert K. Groen et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0160-1 Stool microbiota composition correlates with the ethnic backgrounds of people living in the same city, suggesting that geographical location and ethnicity have distinct effects on microbiota. Regional variation limits applications of healthy gut microbiome reference ranges and disease models    pp1532 - 1535 Yan He, Wei Wu, Hui-Min Zheng, Pan Li, Daniel McDonald et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0164-x The definition of a 'healthy' microbiome is impacted by geographic regional variations. Late-stage tumors induce anemia and immunosuppressive extramedullary erythroid progenitor cells    pp1536 - 1544 Lintao Zhao, Ran He, Haixia Long, Bo Guo, Qingzhu Jia et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0205-5 Large tumors induce anemia and expansion of CD45+ immature erythroid cells, which represent a major immunosuppressive population in the spleen, contributing to systemic suppression of T cell immunity in late-stage cancer. Robust prediction of response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in metastatic melanoma    pp1545 - 1549 Noam Auslander, Gao Zhang, Joo Sang Lee, Dennie T. Frederick, Benchun Miao et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0157-9 A gene signature identified in spontaneously regressing neuroblastoma identifies responders to immune checkpoint blockade among patients with melanoma with accuracy superior to previously reported biomarkers. Articles Signatures of T cell dysfunction and exclusion predict cancer immunotherapy response    pp1550 - 1558 Peng Jiang, Shengqing Gu, Deng Pan, Jingxin Fu, Avinash Sahu et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0136-1 An algorithm-selected gene signature focused on tumor immune evasion and suppression predicts response to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma, exceeding the accuracy of current clinical biomarkers. Classification and mutation prediction from non–small cell lung cancer histopathology images using deep learning    pp1559 - 1567 Nicolas Coudray, Paolo Santiago Ocampo, Theodore Sakellaropoulos, Navneet Narula, Matija Snuderl et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0177-5 A convolutional neural network model using feature extraction and machine-learning techniques provides a tool for classification of lung cancer histopathology images and predicting mutational status of driver oncogenes Genetically engineered human cortical spheroid models of tuberous sclerosis    pp1568 - 1578 John D. Blair, Dirk Hockemeyer & Helen S. Bateup doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0139-y CRISPR–Cas9-mediated gene editing of TSC1 and TSC2 in human pluripotent stem cells is used to investigate the contribution of tuberous sclerosis complex–mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling to human neural development in two-dimensional monolayer and three-dimensional spheroid models of the neurodevelopmental disorder tuberous sclerosis complex. Modeling sporadic ALS in iPSC-derived motor neurons identifies a potential therapeutic agent    pp1579 - 1589 Koki Fujimori, Mitsuru Ishikawa, Asako Otomo, Naoki Atsuta, Ryoichi Nakamura et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0140-5 iPSC-derived motor neurons from over 30 heterogeneous sporadic ALS cases exhibit pathologies correlated with clinical disease progression, are more similar to FUS/TDP-43 familial ALS than SOD1-ALS and are corrected by repurposing of ropinirole. Route of immunization defines multiple mechanisms of vaccine-mediated protection against SIV    pp1590 - 1598 Margaret E. Ackerman, Jishnu Das, Srivamshi Pittala, Thomas Broge, Caitlyn Linde et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0161-0 Distinct routes of immunization elicit different antibody isotypes and functions associated with protection against SIV infection that converge on phagocytosis as a candidate protective mechanism of independent SIV vaccines. Transcriptional addiction in cancer cells is mediated by YAP/TAZ through BRD4    pp1599 - 1610 Francesca Zanconato, Giusy Battilana, Mattia Forcato, Letizia Filippi, Luca Azzolin et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0158-8 Interdependence between YAP/TAZ and BRD4 drives transcriptional addiction in cancer cells and determines sensitivity to BET inhibition. Resources The DNA methylation landscape of glioblastoma disease progression shows extensive heterogeneity in time and space    pp1611 - 1624 Johanna Klughammer, Barbara Kiesel, Thomas Roetzer, Nikolaus Fortelny, Amelie Nemc et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0156-x In-depth methylation analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded glioblastoma samples demonstrates heterogeneity between primary and recurring tumors and enables prediction of composition of the tumor microenvironment and insights into progression. Amendments & Corrections Author Correction: Nociceptor sensory neurons suppress neutrophil and γδ T cell responses in bacterial lung infections and lethal pneumonia    pp1625 - 1626 Pankaj Baral, Benjamin D Umans, Lu Li, Antonia Wallrapp, Meghna Bist et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0093-8 Author Correction: Targeting wild-type KRAS-amplified gastroesophageal cancer through combined MEK and SHP2 inhibition    p1627 Gabrielle S. Wong, Jin Zhou, Jie Bin Liu, Zhong Wu, Xinsen Xu et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0168-6 Author Correction: Metformin reverses established lung fibrosis in a bleomycin model    p1627 Sunad Rangarajan, Nathaniel B. Bone, Anna A. Zmijewska, Shaoning Jiang, Dae Won Park et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0170-z Author Correction: Mutations in the SWI/SNF complex induce a targetable dependence on oxidative phosphorylation in lung cancer    p1627 Yonathan Lissanu Deribe, Yuting Sun, Christopher Terranova, Fatima Khan, Juan Martinez-Ledesma et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0173-9 Publisher Correction: Global characterization of T cells in non-small-cell lung cancer by single-cell sequencing    p1628 Xinyi Guo, Yuanyuan Zhang, Liangtao Zheng, Chunhong Zheng, Jintao Song et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0167-7 Publisher Correction: Molecular phenomics and metagenomics of hepatic steatosis in non-diabetic obese women    p1628 Lesley Hoyles, José-Manuel Fernández-Real, Massimo Federici, Matteo Serino, James Abbott et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0169-5 Publisher Correction: Inactivating hepatic follistatin alleviates hyperglycemia    p1628 Rongya Tao, Caixia Wang, Oliver Stöhr, Wei Qiu, Yue Hu et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0129-0 Advertisement Nature Briefing is an essential round-up of science news, opinion and analysis, free in your inbox every weekday. 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