Science X Newsletter Wednesday, Sep 5

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Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for September 5, 2018:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

A neural network to extract knowledgeable snippets and documents

New binary system showcasing beaming effect found by astronomers

Physicists implement a version of Maxwell's famous thought experiment for reducing entropy

Radio observations confirm superfast jet of material from neutron star merger

Researchers 'teleport' a quantum gate

Coastal strip in Brazil sheds new light on early farming

Researchers outline game-theory approach to better understand genetics

How the clownfish earned its stripes: Color pattern evolution in coral reef fishes

Globally, 1.4 billion adults at risk of disease from not doing enough physical activity

'Carnivore' sharks have a stomach for greens: study

Head-turning violence helps tiny songbirds kill big prey: study

Machine learning predicts metabolism, helping drug developers and brewers

Alzheimer's-associated tau protein disrupts molecular transport within neurons

Scientists develop new technique to heal large ulcers by reprogramming wound cells into skin cells

A 'homing system' targets therapeutic T-cells to brain cancer

Astronomy & Space news

	New binary system showcasing beaming effect found by astronomers An international team of astronomers has discovered a new eclipsing binary system composed of an M-dwarf orbiting a main sequence star. The transiting dwarf star exhibits the so-called relativistic beaming effect. The finding is reported in a paper published August 20 on the arXiv pre-print repository.
	Radio observations confirm superfast jet of material from neutron star merger Precise measurement using a continent-wide collection of National Science Foundation (NSF) radio telescopes has revealed that a narrow jet of particles moving at nearly the speed of light broke out into interstellar space after a pair of neutron stars merged in a galaxy 130 million light-years from Earth. The merger, which occurred in August of 2017, sent gravitational waves rippling through space. It was the first event ever to be detected both by gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves, including gamma rays, X-rays, visible light, and radio waves.
	Private Chinese space company places satellites in orbit A rocket developed by Chinese company iSpace blasted into space Wednesday carrying three miniature satellites in another milestone for the country's budding private spaceflight industry.
	Relationship established between brightness and diet of black holes A group of researchers led by Paula Sánchez-Sáez, a doctoral student in the Department of Astronomy of the Universidad de Chile, managed to determine that the rate of variability in the light emitted by material being swallowed by supermassive black holes in nuclei of active galaxies is determined by the accretion rate, that is, how much matter they are "eating."
	Youngest accretion disk detected in star formation An international team led by Chin-Fei Lee at the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA) has discovered a very small accretion disk formed around one of the youngest protostars, with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). This discovery poses a constraint on current theory of disk formation stronger than before, by pushing the disk formation time by a factor of a few earlier. Moreover, a compact rotating outflow has been detected. It may trace a disk wind carrying away angular momentum from the disk and thus facilitate the disk formation.
	Making space exploration real – on Earth You are on a rock speeding through space. On this rock called Earth every single mineral tells you something about planetary formation. This week astronauts and space engineers will unlock the mystery of those minerals as they start an ESA geology field training course to prepare for future exploration of the Moon, Mars and asteroids.
	Image: Emergency training on the ISS There are many possible reasons to trigger the alarm on the International Space Station, from fire to toxic leaks and loss of pressure. When an alarm sounds the six astronauts that live above our planet need to react quickly and securely.
	Success in critical communications tests for James Webb Space Telescope When NASA's James Webb Space Telescope launches in 2021, it will write a new chapter in cosmic history. This premier space science observatory will seek the first stars and galaxies, explore distant planets around other stars, and solve mysteries of own solar system. Webb will be controlled from the Mission Operations Center (MOC) at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland.
A new exoplanet is discovered by an international team led by a young Canadian student Wolf 503b, an exoplanet twice the size of Earth, has been discovered by an international team of Canadian, American and German researchers using data from NASA's Kepler Space Telescope. The find is described in a new study whose lead author is Merrin Peterson, an Institute for research on exoplanets (iREx) graduate student who started her master's degree at Université de Montréal (UdeM) in May.
	From dust to pebbles to planets – insight into the birth of a solar system Detailed simulations of planetary formation are revealing how tiny grains of dust turn into giant planets and could shed light on where to find new Earth-like worlds.

Technology news

	A neural network to extract knowledgeable snippets and documents Every day, millions of articles are published on social media and other platforms, receiving a vast amounts of clicks and shares from users navigating the web. Many of these articles contain useful information that, if extracted, could be used to compile knowledge databases or to deliver knowledge retrieval and question answering services.
	Software tool could help architects design efficient buildings Typically, when architects or engineers design a new building, it's only at the end of the process—if ever—that a life cycle analysis of the building's environmental impact is carried out. And by then, it may be too late to make significant changes. Now, a faster and easier system for doing such analyses could change all that, making the analysis an integral part of the design process from the beginning.
	Getting your TV to understand you better New research out of the University of Waterloo has found a way to improve the voice query understanding capabilities of home entertainment platforms.
	Could it soon be game over for the Fortnite craze? It is a question that millions of parents want answered: will the wildly popular online survival battle game Fortnite soon lose its grip on the attention of their school-age children?
	The strangest gadgets at Berlin's IFA tech show Berlin's IFA tech show is the largest in Europe, and while the hype may not match its American big brother CES, there's no shortage of weird and wonderful devices to reward curious visitors.
	Times are a-changin' in London where contactless is king For centuries, London has sustained a street-level economy where performers and vendors make a living from the spare change of strangers—but they are being forced to adapt as cash falls out of fashion.
	Blood-testing startup Theranos said to be closing (Update) The once-heralded blood-testing startup Theranos is shutting down, according to a media report.
Facebook chief says internet firms in 'arms race' for democracy Facebook chief Mark Zuckerberg said late Tuesday that the leading social network and other internet firms are in an arms race to defend democracy.
	Toyota recalls 1 million hybrid cars over technical problem Japanese car giant Toyota on Wednesday recalled more than one million hybrid cars globally due to a technical problem which could in the worst case cause a fire in the vehicles.
	Individual metering of heating consumption could lead to savings of up to 20 percent The UPV/EHU's ENEDI group has conducted a detailed study of the changes in habits brought about by individual metering and charging of heating and domestic hot water in a community of residents in Bilbao, a measure that is due to become compulsory via completion of a Royal Decree. This change could lead to savings of 20 percent, similar to that found in similar studies focused on northern climates.
	After scandals, many Americans step away from Facebook: survey A large number of Americans are stepping back from Facebook in the wake of recent scandals over the social network's handling of private user data, a study showed Wednesday.
Nuclear has to use climate crisis to justify high cost, MIT says Nuclear energy can't compete on cost with cheap natural gas or renewables and therefore needs the help of policy makers who are willing to promote its low-emission power generation as a way to fight climate change, according to a landmark new study.
Qualcomm says uber-fast 5G networks, phones coming to the U.S. by April 2019 As Qualcomm battled rival Broadcom's hostile takeover bid earlier this year—probably the biggest threat to the company in its 33-year history—it continued to pour money into developing next generation 5G wireless technologies.
Whatever new features Apple announces next week, these three are the ones that really matter On Sept. 12, Apple execs will pull out the stops, hoping to convince consumers that the new iPhones are faster, sleeker and so powerful you'll have to ditch your old one to get the newest model.
	Researchers develop technology that uses pulses to send messages through the skin Purdue University researchers have developed a method of sending messages in English by using vibrations on a person's skin.
	Startup creates printer that makes customized medicines for pets A startup is using Purdue University-patented technology to produce precise, customized medicine for pets.
	Machine learning used for helping farmers select optimal products suited for their operation For years, farmers have been selecting products for their operation through the best advice available – seed guides, local agronomists, seed dealers, etc. The advancements in artificial intelligence technologies have presented opportunities to explore a different approach.
	Geographic location biggest indicator of mobile app preferences Across the globe smartphones and mobile apps have become an integral part of everyday life, but what determines the apps you use?
	Army researchers provide insights on offering feedback A collaborative research project between Army researchers and academia has led to a best paper award at the 2018 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, or IEEE, Conference on Cognitive and Computational Aspects of Situation Management, a multi-disciplinary conference on situation management in complex dynamic systems.
	Physics model acts as an 'EKG' for solar panel health Companies and governments have regularly invested in solar farms and lost money when weather degradation unexpectedly cut panel lifetime short.
	Uber rolls out safety features for drivers, passengers Uber is aiming to boost driver and passenger safety in an effort to rebuild trust in the brand.
	Fox invests $100 million in online gaming platform Caffeine Entertainment group 21st Century Fox announced Wednesday that it has invested $100 million in video game streaming startup Caffeine.
	Berkeley Lab, Intel, Cray harness power of deep learning to study the universe A Big Data Center collaboration between computational scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's (Berkeley Lab) National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) and engineers at Intel and Cray has yielded another first in the quest to apply deep learning to data-intensive science: CosmoFlow, the first large-scale science application to use the TensorFlow framework on a CPU-based high performance computing platform with synchronous training. It is also the first to process three-dimensional (3-D) spatial data volumes at this scale, giving scientists an entirely new platform for gaining a deeper understanding of the universe.
	'Augmented reality' tools to help health care workers save lives in war zones, natural disasters, rural areas Purdue University researchers have developed a unique approach that allows experienced surgeons and physicians around the world to help less-experienced doctors in war zones, natural disasters and in rural areas perform complicated procedures.
	MIT Energy Initiative study reports on the future of nuclear energy How can the world achieve the deep carbon emissions reductions that are necessary to slow or reverse the impacts of climate change? The authors of a new MIT study say that unless nuclear energy is meaningfully incorporated into the global mix of low-carbon energy technologies, the challenge of climate change will be much more difficult and costly to solve. For nuclear energy to take its place as a major low-carbon energy source, however, issues of cost and policy need to be addressed.
US to probe Big Tech on 'stifling' free speech President Donald Trump's administration warned Wednesday of a possible legal crackdown on big technology companies over competition or political bias, in a bombshell announcement that came as social media executives were defending their policies before lawmakers.
	Bayer profits plunge as Monsanto buyout bites German chemicals and pharmaceuticals giant Bayer reported higher revenues but lower profits for the second quarter Wednesday, in its first financial statement since its mammoth takeover of US-based Monsanto.
	Facebook, Twitter defend efforts to stop election meddling Facebook and Twitter executives, defending their companies on Capitol Hill, said Wednesday they are aggressively trying to root out foreign interests seeking to sow divisions in American democracy as the November elections near.
	Opel to offload 2,000 jobs to French engineering firm German carmaker Opel on Wednesday said it planned to shift some 2,000 jobs at its historic Ruesselsheim research and development hub to French engineering group Segula Technologies, in a bid to avoid job cuts under a major turnaround plan.
	UK car sales rev higher in August: industry data Britain's new car sales surged almost a quarter in August from one year earlier, as a government push for cleaner vehicles boosted demand for electric models, industry data showed Wednesday.
Facebook's striking new Menlo Park building akin to village with office neighborhoods The official name of Facebook's newest Menlo Park building, MPK 21, may evoke computer jargon, but the gleaming new offices at its headquarters are anything but mundane—they offer a village where employees can gather, create and relax.
Gadgets: Amplified antenna, easy to setup, adds local channels Whether you're cutting the cable cord or satellite TV subscriptions to save money, or you just need local channels during a weather emergency, I have a simple and easy solution with the Winegard FlatWave Amped indoor amplified HDTV antenna.
	Edmunds highlights 10 notable new cars for 2019 The 2019 model year vehicles are hitting dealerships right now. Trucks are a big deal, and new and improved full-size pickups from General Motors and Ram will offer buyers a bumper crop of choices. But the 2019 model year will also debut new and innovative sedans, hybrids and electric vehicles. Although there isn't enough room here for a comprehensive list, these 10 vehicles highlight the best of what you can expect at dealerships now or in the near future.
	Making batteries from thin air Sunlight is being used to convert carbon dioxide into batteries, thanks to a new technology being developed by researchers at the University of Newcastle.
	Chelsea Manning and the rise of 'big data' whistleblowing in the digital age Chelsea Manning will appear via video link at events in Brisbane and Melbourne this month – as the Australian government refuses to provide her a visa.
	No farms, no food Agriculture consumes more than 70 percent of the world's annual water usage. With small farms producing nearly 80 percent of food for the developing world, ensuring the quality and safety of our water supply is critical. Environmental analysis for agriculture often relies on expensive and time-consuming laboratory tests performed far away from the farm. As a result, chemical analysis is quickly outdated and limited to small sample numbers.
	Propaganda-spewing Russian trolls act differently online from regular people As information warfare becomes more common, agents of various governments are manipulating social media – and therefore people's thinking, political actions and democracy. Regular people need to know a lot more about what information warriors are doing and how they exert their influence.
	Goldman Sachs pulls back on bitcoin trade plans: report International banking giant Goldman Sachs has pulled back from immediate plans to open a bitcoin trading desk, according to US media report Wednesday that sent bitcoin prices lower.
Charter launches wireless plan as cable companies diversify Cable company Charter is launching its own wireless service as cable companies try to diversify to offset slowing traditional cable TV revenue.
	EU wants to force internet firms to remove terror content EU Justice Commissioner Vera Jourova says the European Commission is set to unveil new rules that could force internet companies to take down suspected terror content.
	Twitter chief says was unprepared for 'weaponized' social media efforts Twitter was "unprepared and ill-equipped" for the vast campaigns of manipulation that affected social media in the past few years, chief executive Jack Dorsey told lawmakers Wednesday.
	Facebook, Twitter pledge to defend against foreign intrusion Facebook and Twitter executives assured Congress on Wednesday that they are aggressively working to root out foreign attempts to sow discord in America, and they pledged to better protect their social networks against manipulation during the 2018 midterm elections and beyond.
	Utah driver sues Tesla after crashing in Autopilot mode A Utah driver who slammed her Tesla into a stopped firetruck at a red light earlier this year while using the vehicle's semi-autonomous function has sued the company, saying salespeople told her the car would stop on its own in Autopilot mode if something was in its path.
	Fans rejoice: Subscription-free streaming for NFL games The good news for football fans: It's going to be much easier to watch NFL games online this year.

Medicine & Health news

	Globally, 1.4 billion adults at risk of disease from not doing enough physical activity More than a quarter (1.4 billion) of the world's adult population were insufficiently active in 2016, putting them at greater risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dementia, and some cancers, according to the first study to estimate global physical activity trends over time. The study was undertaken by researchers from the World Health Organization (WHO) and published in The Lancet Global Health journal.
	Alzheimer's-associated tau protein disrupts molecular transport within neurons A multi-institutional study led by investigators at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine has found how the abnormal form of tau that accumulates in the neurofibrillary tangles that characterize Alzheimer's disease can disrupt the normal function of brain cells. In their report published in the journal Neuron, the team describes how tau interferes with communication between the nucleus of neurons and the rest of the cell body, called the cytoplasm.
	Scientists develop new technique to heal large ulcers by reprogramming wound cells into skin cells Plastic surgery to treat large cutaneous ulcers, including those seen in people with severe burns, bedsores or chronic diseases such as diabetes, may someday be a thing of the past. Scientists at the Salk Institute have developed a technique to directly convert the cells in an open wound into new skin cells. The approach relies on reprogramming the cells to a stem-cell-like state and could be useful for healing skin damage, countering the effects of aging and helping us to better understand skin cancer.
	A 'homing system' targets therapeutic T-cells to brain cancer A multi-institution international team led by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine has developed a new strategy to overcome one of the main obstacles in the treatment of brain cancer—access to the tumor. Under the influence of cancer, the blood-brain barrier diverts immune T cells that attempt to enter the brain to fight the tumor. The new discovery, published in the journal Nature, decodes the molecular cause of this immune escape mechanism and engineers T cells with a first-in-class molecule called Homing System that enables the T cells to cross the impervious cancer blood-brain barrier to effectively fight tumors.
	Family tree of blood production reveals hundreds of thousands of stem cells Adult humans have many more blood-creating stem cells in their bone marrow than previously thought, ranging between 50,000 and 200,000 stem cells. Researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute and Wellcome—MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute developed a new approach for studying stem cells, based on methods used in ecology.
	'See through,' high-resolution EEG recording array gives a better glimpse of the brain Brain electrical discharges, measured with electroencephalograms (EEGs), have been the gold standard for measuring brain activity. But current EEGs don't have the capabilities to, say, differentiate the activity of different types of brain cells, instead averaging the signal for a whole section of the brain.
	Zika virus study reveals possible causes of brain pathology In healthy individuals, the Zika virus causes flu-like symptoms. If a pregnant woman becomes infected, the unborn child can suffer from severe brain abnormalities as a result of mechanisms that have not yet been explained. A study by the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (MPI-B) shows that Zika virus proteins bind to cellular proteins that are required for neural development.
	Genetic control of human thymic function: A needle in an haystack A study conducted by a group of researchers from Paris Diderot University, INSERM and the Institut Pasteur reveals the existence of a genetic factor influencing the function of the human thymus. The results of the study, part of the Laboratories of Excellence project Milieu Intérieur coordinated by the Institut Pasteur, are published in the journal Science Translational Medicine on Sept. 5, 2018.
	'Chromosomal catastrophes' in colorectal cancer "Chromosomal catastrophes" have been found to occur along the evolutionary timeline of colorectal cancer development, according to new research led by Queen Mary University of London.
	Study suggests potential therapy for Huntington's disease A new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) suggests that Huntington's disease may take effect much earlier in life than was previously believed, and that a new drug may be key in controlling the disease.
	Simple nerve stimulation may improve sexual response in women Electrodes aren't the first thing most people think of when it comes to achieving sexual arousal. But if the results of a pilot study are any indication, that may soon change.
	Lymph node structural cells rein in human immune responses Until now, the study of the immune system has focused almost exclusively on white blood cells, and T cells in particular, as the body's major infection fighters. However, new research published September 4th in the open access journal PLOS Biology by Dr. Anne Fletcher and Dr. Konstantin Knoblich and colleagues, from the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), has veered away from traditional immunology by turning the spotlight on the structural cells that build and support the immune-rich environment of lymph nodes. Their research shows that the so-called Fibroblastic Reticular Cells (FRCs) that form the inner structure of human tonsils and lymph nodes exert control over T cells and their response to infection.
	Beatboxers' and guitarists' brains react differently to hearing music The brains of professional beatboxers and guitarists respond to music differently when compared to each other and non-musicians, finds a new UCL-led study.
	Excessive airway nerves tied to more severe asthma symptoms, study finds A new study implicates remodeling of nerves in the airways as a key contributor to heightened sensitivity and airway constriction in patients with asthma.
	Lessons from Everest's Sherpas could aid intensive care treatment A research expedition to Mount Everest has shed light on the unique physiological basis of adaptations seen in the native Sherpa people, which make them better suited to life at high altitude. This improved understanding, which forms part of new research published in Experimental Physiology, could help improve the treatment of patients with conditions related to reduced levels of oxygen in the blood and tissues.
	More hospital doctors are opting to retire early Hospital doctors in England and Wales are increasingly choosing to take early retirement, figures released to The BMJ by the NHS Business Services Authority in response to a freedom of information request show.
	Losing just six hours of sleep could increase diabetes risk, study finds Losing a single night's sleep may affect the liver's ability to produce glucose and process insulin, increasing the risk of metabolic diseases such as hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) and type 2 diabetes. The findings of the mouse study are published ahead of print in the American Journal of Physiology—Endocrinology and Metabolism.
Half of over-60s ignore lifesaving bowel cancer screening Half (51%) of people invited to bowel screening for the first time in 2015 didn't take part, according to the latest figures from Cancer Research UK published today (Wednesday) in the European Journal of Cancer.
	Hormone therapy can make prostate cancer worse, study finds Scientists at Cedars-Sinai have discovered how prostate cancer can sometimes withstand and outwit a standard hormone therapy, causing the cancer to spread. Their findings also point to a simple blood test that may help doctors predict when this type of hormone therapy resistance will occur.
	Marmosets serve as an effective model for non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease Small, New World monkeys called marmosets can mimic the sleep disturbances, changes in circadian rhythm, and cognitive impairment people with Parkinson's disease develop, according to a new study by scientists at Texas Biomedical Research Institute.
Study: Ways to maximize nutrition and growth for the smallest preemies The tiniest of premature infants—weighing just over two pounds at birth on average—start out receiving nutrition intravenously. Over the next several days or weeks, they are transitioned to enteral (or through the gut) feeds, often delivered through feeding tubes if the baby still cannot suck or swallow. During this transition, preemies are fed through a mixture of methods, but the total protein intake tends to drop, which interferes with growth. To help clinicians maximize nutrition and growth in these infants, researchers quantified the gains and losses of different nutrition delivery practices during the transition to enteral feeds. Their results were published in the Journal of Pediatrics.
	Shorter life expectancy linked to 2016 presidential election outcome Concerns about health and rising death rates may have helped tilt the 2016 presidential election in favor of Donald J. Trump, according to an analysis of voting patterns and mortality rates in counties across the U.S.
	Exercise is unrelated to risk of early menopause The amount of physical activity that women undertake is not linked to their risk of early menopause, according to the largest study ever to investigate this question.
Survey finds Japan med schools admitting men at higher rates A government survey sparked by a discrimination scandal has found most Japanese medical schools admit male applicants at a higher rate than women, prompting further government investigation.
	Over fifth of meat tested in UK showed unspecified animal DNA More than a fifth of meat tested in Britain last year contained DNA from animals not listed on the label, according to the BBC.
	Hypertension drugs could prevent memory loss in lupus patients, study suggests Researchers from The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research have discovered that the activation of brain cells called microglia likely contributes to the memory loss and other cognitive impairments suffered by many patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The study, which will be published September 5 in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, shows that ACE inhibitors—a class of drugs commonly used to treat hypertension—can block this process in mice and might therefore be used to preserve the memory of lupus patients.
	Walk more to reduce heart failure risk, study says A new University at Buffalo study has shown for the first time that walking more can significantly lower the risk of heart failure in older women.
	Nerve pain in the legs? Medical marijuana may alter brain connections, bring relief When medical marijuana is taken for chronic nerve pain, it may provide pain relief by reducing connections between the areas of the brain that process emotions and sensory signals, according to a study published in the September 5, 2018, online issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. The study looked specifically at radicular pain, a type of nerve pain that radiates from the spine into the legs. Sciatica is a common form of radicular pain.
Pay of NHS doctors varies by ethnic group Data published by The BMJ today reveal some differences in median basic pay between white and black and minority ethnic (BME) hospital doctors employed by the NHS in England.
	Heart disease common among firefighters who die of cardiac arrest Firefighters who died from cardiac arrest were much more likely than those who died of other causes to show signs of both atherosclerotic and hypertensive heart disease at autopsy, according to new research in Journal of the American Heart Association, the Open Access Journal of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.
	New mechanism activates bone-building cells in osteoperosis The number of osteoporosis medications that promote bone formation are few compared to those that suppress bone resorption. A research group led by Kumamoto University scientists has discovered that the gene SIRT7 is important for bone formation, and has discovered a new mechanism to activate gene functions essential for bone formation. The researchers believe that the SIRT7-regulated osteoblastogenesis pathway is a potential therapeutic drug target to treat decreased osteogenesis and osteoporosis.
	First-ever guidelines for detecting, treating perimenopausal depression It is well-recognized that women are at increased risk of depression during postpartum when hormone levels are changing, but the risk of depression associated with perimenopause—the time right before menopause when female hormones are in decline—remains under-recognized and clinical recommendations on how to diagnose and treat this kind of depression in women have been lacking until now.
	Focus on aging eyes: Poll finds primary care providers play key role in eye care after 50 A new poll suggests that primary care providers could play an important role in promoting vision care for adults age 50 and older, especially for those most in need of eye exams, and those most sensitive to the cost.
	Early results boost hopes for historic gene editing attempt Early, partial results from a historic gene editing study give encouraging signs that the treatment may be safe and having at least some of its hoped-for effect, but it's too soon to know whether it ultimately will succeed.
	Why whooping cough is making a comeback After a week with a dry cough, 16-year-old Ian McCracken started experiencing middle-of-the-night coughing fits so severe, he couldn't talk. He returned home from his first trip to the urgent care clinic in mid-July with an inhaler and a five-day course of steroids.
	In some countries, the odds of getting shot are 1 in a million. In the US, it's 100 times higher Imagine that, in the course of a single year, a ubiquitous household item was implicated in the death of every man, woman and child in the city of Glendale, Ariz., America's 87th largest city with a population of 251,269. The world would almost certainly take notice of such a loss.
	Research enforces importance of studying rare, recurrent somatic mutations in ER+ breast cancer Recent research and genomic studies have revealed a number of genes that accumulate somatic, or non-inherited, mutations and alterations in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. However, while a few alterations are quite common and relatively well understood, many genes are mutated in less than 5 percent of cases overall. As a result, little has been known about how uncommon mutations impact disease outcome. To address this problem, researchers from Baylor College of Medicine, in collaboration with Washington University in St. Louis and the University of British Columbia, conducted the largest analysis to date, involving more than 2,500 ER+ breast cancer cases, to establish associations between rare somatic mutations and prognosis. The study is published in Nature Communications.
	Whole grains one of the most important food groups for preventing type 2 diabetes It doesn't matter if it's rye, oats or wheat. As long as it is whole grain, it can prevent type 2 diabetes. This is the finding of a new study from researchers at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, and the Danish Cancer Society Research Center. The comprehensive study is a strong confirmation of previous research findings on the importance of whole grains for prevention of type 2 diabetes.
	Marriage protects against malnutrition in old age More and more elderly people are suffering from malnutrition. People who are unmarried, separated or divorced are most often affected, while men and women who are either married or widowed tend to take better care of themselves. Those who have difficulty walking or coping with stairs or who have just returned home from hospital are also more likely to suffer from malnutrition than others of the same age. This is the conclusion reached in a meta-analysis conducted by Prof. Dr. Dorothee Volkert and her team at the Institute for Biomedicine of Ageing (IBA) at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
	Colorectal cancer: Tipping the scales The regulatory protein c-MYC plays an important role in promoting the development of many types of tumors. The c-MYC transcription factor controls the activity of a large number of genes involved in cell division, and its over-expression leads to excessive cell proliferation. A new study carried out by a team led by Professor Heiko Hermeking at the Institute of Pathology at LMU (and German Cancer Consortium) now shows that c-MYC induces the production of a transcription factor that increases the numbers of stem cells in the intestinal epithelium, and thereby contributes to the formation of adenomas in the colon. Their findings appear in the online journal Nature Communications.
	Attention network plays key role in restoring vision after brain damage About one-third of patients who have suffered a stroke end up with impaired vision, losing up to half of their visual field. This partial blindness was long considered irreversible, but recent studies have shown that vision training after optic nerve and brain damage can restore or improve vision. A new study published in the journal Clinical Neurophysiology reports on key mechanisms of vision restoration via the attention network.
	PGDx machine learning approach outperforms existing mutation detection methods in study Personal Genome Diagnostics today announced that its machine learning-based technology, CerebroTM, outperforms existing methods to identify tumor-specific or somatic mutations, enabling more accurate NGS clinical test results. The study, published in Science Translational Medicine, was conducted using analysis of data from 1,368 samples.
	Drought predictive of decrease in snakebites Rattlesnake bites, contrary to public opinion, increase after periods of high rainfall, not drought, according to a Stanford-led study that examined 20 years of snakebite history in California.
	Immunotherapy could offer hope for some men with aggressive prostate cancers A group of men with especially aggressive prostate cancer may respond unusually well to immunotherapy, a major new study reports.
	Burnout in doctors has shocking impact on care, review finds Burnout in doctors has devastating consequences on the quality of care they deliver, according to a large-scale systematic review and meta-analysis.
Perceiving support—not receiving it—helps people cope with worry and waiting Feeling like your partner cares about your stress helps you cope, new UC Riverside research suggests. It may even help you sleep better, and may be beneficial to your health.
	Survey highlights need for improvement in reporting diagnostic errors Diagnostic errors occur in roughly 10%-15% of patient encounters and are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. In a new study, Yale researchers found significant gaps in training and reporting of diagnostic errors among physicians in internal medicine.
	People living with dementia add voice to care model debate Coinciding with Dementia Awareness Month, a new Flinders University study has asked Australian aged-care residents to rate the quality of care they receive.
	Five questions: What parents should know about concussions Stanford pediatric emergency medicine physician Angela Lumba-Brown, MD, explains what families should know about new CDC guidelines on the management of children's brain injuries.
	Inflammation biomarker in blood may help predict effectiveness of depression drugs People living with mental health disorders who benefit from medication may try several types before finding a solution that helps manage their symptoms. But what if a simple blood test could help doctors understand what medication might work best for patients at the start of their treatment?
	Dementia patients' thinking ability may get worse in winter and early spring The seasons may affect the memory and thinking abilities of healthy older adults. A new study suggests changes in cognitive function may be associated with the time of year, declining significantly in winter and early spring. We also see new cases of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in these seasons.
	PrEP, interrupted The HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis medication known as PrEP is currently recommended for the prevention of HIV acquisition in populations at higher risk such as gay and bisexual men (GBM). The number of eligible and recommended people taking PrEP, about 136,000 people as of mid-2017, is a significantly small percentage of the number at risk for HIV – about 1.2 million individuals. Although the rate of adoption of PrEP has been increasing over the last several years, with prescriptions having increased 73 percent each year since 2012, there remain concerns that those who are on PrEP may not adhere to the regimen well enough to benefit from its protection. Adherence to a daily PrEP regimen ensures its maximum protective effect, so it is critical to understand how GBM respond and possibly adjust their behavior in the event of missed PrEP doses. In a paper published in the journal AIDS Education and Prevention, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy Professor Christian Grov and colleagues examine how users respond when their PrEP regimen is interrupted.
	Researcher helps define subtypes of ovarian cancer In a new paper published in the journal Clinical Cancer Research, CUNY SPH Associate Professor Levi Waldron and colleagues resolved the long-standing controversy over how to define molecular subtypes of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, the most common form of ovarian cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States.
	AI tool uses positive peer groups to fight substance abuse When it comes to fighting substance abuse, research suggests the company you keep can make the difference between recovery and relapse. So while group intervention programs can play an important role in preventing substance abuse, especially in at-risk populations such as homeless youth, they can also inadvertently expose participants to negative behaviors.
	It's eating fat that makes you fat, new mouse study suggests Worldwide obesity has tripled since 1975, with 1.9 billion adults considered overweight. The condition now kills more people across the globe than underweight and malnutrition.
CIHI model underestimates mortality risk for specialized cardiac centres A study led by researchers at the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (PMCC) at UHN suggests that the model used by the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) significantly underestimates mortality in specialized heart surgery centres. The findings show that CIHI's model does not capture all of the medical problems that patients at high risk for surgery have, and therefore does not accurately predict mortality after heart surgery in these patients.
	Schools need to start teaching pupils mental health prevention skills – here's how Schools are often where children's and adolescents' mental health problems are identified. While there is ever growing demand for mental health support for pupils, such as in-school counselling and mentoring, the focus now – just like for any health problem – should be more on prevention than intervention.
	Does the brain really feel no pain? The brain has no nociceptors – the nerves that detect damage or threat of damage to our body and signal this to the spinal cord and brain. This has led to the belief that the brain feels no pain. A belief that has entered popular culture.
	Nostalgia can be good for you – here's how to reap the benefits I feel a sentimental longing when I recall the day I attended a The Cure concert with my friends, the mornings I drew on the condensation of the school bus windows, and the evenings I played board games and watched Disney movies with my brothers. Clearly, this wistful longing for the past is quintessential nostalgia.
	Enhancing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy using treatment combination A combination of a novel inhibitor of the protein CK2 (Casein kinase 2) and an immune checkpoint inhibitor has dramatically greater antitumor activity than either inhibitor alone, according to research from The Wistar Institute that was published online in Cancer Research.
	Graphic images on cigarette warnings stick with smokers If you want smokers to remember cigarette-warning labels, include a graphic image of the results of long-term smoking, a new study suggests.
	Exercise could delay progression of type 1 diabetes when first diagnosed The findings of a study led by the University of Birmingham suggests that exercise during the first few months of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes could delay the progression of the condition.
	Patient distressed by overturn of California end of life option act (HealthDay)—The decision to overturn the End of Life Option Act has added stress and anxiety to terminally ill patients, including those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), according to a patient testimonial published online Sept. 4 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Enrollment in high-deductible health plans up from '07 to '17 (HealthDay)—Enrollment in high-deductible health plans (HDHPs) has increased among adults with employment-based insurance coverage, according to an August data brief published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics.
	Poor, non-English speaking cancer patients need support (HealthDay)—There are steps health care providers can take to better support cancer patients who do not speak English, are underinsured, and may face other major financial challenges, according to an article published in Managed Healthcare Executive.
	Five smart ways to prepare for elective surgery (HealthDay)—No one looks forward to surgery, but if you're able to have an elective procedure—meaning on your schedule—rather than an emergency operation, taking certain steps in the weeks beforehand will lead to a better outcome and easier recovery.
	FDA: montelukast tablet bottles recalled (HealthDay)—Some bottles of montelukast (Singulair) tablets for asthma have been recalled by Camber Pharmaceuticals because they contain the wrong medication, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration says.
	Research suggests increased cortical activation in cannabis users' brains in resting state Recent research from the Center for BrainHealth at The University of Texas at Dallas shows that cannabis users experience increased cortical activation during the brain's resting state when compared with nonusers.
	Transforming pregnancy research with a smartphone app For years, pregnant women have been underrepresented in biomedical research. Current treatments, interventions and guidelines do a poor job of taking into consideration the diverse characteristics of all pregnant women.
	New nuclear medicine imaging method shows strong potential for cancer imaging A new nuclear medicine imaging method could help diagnose widespread tumors, such as breast, colon, pancreas, lung and head and neck cancer better than current methods, with less inconvenience to patients and with equal or improved accuracy. The study is featured in the September issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.
	'Reality' driver's ed increases teens' awareness of outcomes of risky driving Teens who took a supplemental drivers' education program—including tours of emergency rooms, intensive care units and a morgue—showed greater awareness of the consequences of risky driving and of how they can avoid dangers, a Baylor University study found.
	Immune system emerges as potential partner in opioid cravings fight The same immune system that fights infection and the flu could join the battle against opioid addiction, new research out of the Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research indicates.
	Sexual violence haunts women with vivid memories decades later Women who are sexually assaulted experience more vivid memories than women coping with the aftermath of other traumatic, life-altering events not associated with sexual violence, according to a new Rutgers-New Brunswick study.
	Researchers uncover ways to better predict viral information Many kinds of communication are critical to the success of Army missions: messages that promote a healthy lifestyle to Soldiers and their families, flyers distributed to support peacekeeping missions, recruiting skilled personnel to serve our nation. Knowing in advance what messages are more likely to be successful would give our troops a major advantage.
	Criminal behavior linked to thinking about risk, study finds A new study shows a difference between how risk is cognitively processed by self-reported law-abiding citizens and self-reported lawbreakers, allowing researchers to better view and understand the criminal mind.
New CDC guidelines detail treatment of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury New evidence-based guidelines, developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with input from the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) and others put forward recommendations for a broad range of health care providers responsible for detection and management of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury, most of which are concussions.
	Major opioid maker to pay for overdose-antidote development A company whose prescription opioid marketing practices are being blamed for sparking the addiction and overdose crisis says it's helping to fund an effort to make a lower-cost overdose antidote.
	Researchers date 'hibernating' HIV strains Researchers at the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS (BC-CfE) and Simon Fraser University (SFU), in partnership with University of British Columbia (UBC) and Western University, have developed a novel way for dating "hibernating" HIV strains, in an advancement for HIV cure research in the province. Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), the BC-CfE's first major scientific contribution to the area of HIV cure research confirms that dormant HIV strains can persist in the body for decades.
	Clinical trial testing topical cream plus influenza vaccine in progress A Phase 1 clinical trial examining whether a topical cream can enhance the immune response conferred by a "pre-pandemic" influenza vaccine is underway at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. Investigators are evaluating whether imiquimod cream, which is commonly used to treat genital warts and certain skin cancers, can boost the body's immune response to an H5N1 influenza vaccine. The trial is enrolling 50 healthy adults ages 18-50 years. Baylor is one of the Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units (VTEUs)—a network of clinical research sites that can rapidly enroll large volunteer cohorts to evaluate experimental vaccines against infectious diseases. The VTEUs are funded and managed by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health.
People who embrace traditional masculinity beliefs less likely to report rape Even in cases where a rape has clearly taken place, traditional beliefs and assumptions about masculinity can cause both witnesses and victims to be uncertain about reporting it, according to new research conducted at Binghamton University, State University at New York.
Improved access to care not sufficient to improve health, as epidemic of poor quality care revealed An estimated 5 million deaths per year in low and middle income countries (LMICs) are the result of poor quality care, with a further 3.6 million the result of insufficient access to care, according to the first study to quantify the burden of poor quality health systems worldwide.
	Adolescents seeking abortions without parental consent face numerous hurdles Adolescents under the age of 18 seeking abortions without a parent's consent often undergo a series of humiliating, burdensome and unpredictable hurdles as they try to navigate the legal system, according to a new study led by Kate Coleman-Minahan of the University of Colorado College of Nursing.
	Teen went into cardiac arrest during spelling bee After correctly spelling the first word given to her at an eighth-grade spelling bee, Emma Baker walked back to her seat, sat down and promptly collapsed onto the shoulder of another young contestant.
	Heart health research of 9/11 survivors slowly realized, 17 years later Back when Charlie Wilson was an avid runner, the only flutter he ever felt in his chest came from indigestion.
	130 now sickened by salmonella-tainted honey smacks cereal (HealthDay)—One hundred thirty people across 36 states have now fallen ill with salmonella after eating Kellogg's Honey Smacks cereal, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Tuesday.
	Child participation in Medicaid, CHIP up from 2013 to 2016 (HealthDay)—From 2013 to 2016 there was an increase in children's participation in Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), according to a report published in the August issue of Health Affairs.
	ED plays critical role in caring for patients with opioid use disorder (HealthDay)—Emergency department providers need evidence-based strategies to identify and manage patients with opioid use disorder, according to a review published in the Annals of Emergency Medicine.
	Immune cells' gene expression may predict flu susceptibility (HealthDay)—KLRD1-expressing natural killer cells may be a biomarker for influenza susceptibility, according to a study published recently in Genome Medicine.
	Fostamatinib seems effective for immune thrombocytopenia (HealthDay)—Fostamatinib produces clinically meaningful responses in adults with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), according a study published in the July issue of the American Journal of Hematology.
	Out-of-pocket costs similar for infliximab, infliximab-dyyb (HealthDay)—Under Medicare Part D, out-of-pocket costs are similar for infliximab and its biosimilar infliximab-dyyb, according to a research letter published in the Sept. 4 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
	CDC: HPV vaccination rates increasing among adolescents (HealthDay)—Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage increased 5.1 percentage points from 2016 to 2017, and there was also an increase in the number of adolescents up to date with HPV vaccinations, according to research published in the Aug. 24 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
	WHO issues recommendations for Tx intensification in T2DM (HealthDay)—Recommendations have been developed by the World Health Organization for treatment intensification in type 2 diabetes. The recommendations were published online Sept. 4 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
	Factor to boost MSCs and collagen II activity in intervertebral disc degeneration identified A new study has demonstrated the tissue regenerative potential of a chemoattractant delivery system that can draw mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the site of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. The study, carried out in a cow model of IVD degeneration, not only showed the recruitment of regenerative cells, but also reported increased collagen production, as described in an article published in Tissue Engineering Part A.
Ebola fear empties DR Congo village schools In the village of Mangina, where dozens have died of Ebola at the epicentre of Democratic Republic of Congo's latest outbreak, children are to be seen everywhere—except in school, because their parents fear they will be infected in class.
	Penn and Drexel experts see hope for better lives with dementia It's hard to argue that hearing you have dementia is not deeply depressing. After all, most forms of dementia are progressive, fatal and, currently, untreatable.
Eastern Congo has new Ebola case in city of 1.4 million Congo health officials say that a case of Ebola has been discovered in Butembo, a city of 1.4 million people in the country's northeast.
	Home health care workers report inadequate support from employers Home health care work is not only physically demanding, but also emotionally taxing. Home care workers do an enormous amount of emotional labor to keep clients feeling safe, calm and happy. This work can be rewarding but also very stressful. The stressful aspects often go unrecognized and are not reflected in job descriptions, training, or pay.
	Social media has made school children more fashion conscious than ever – and parents are footing the bill New pencil cases, shoes, bags and coats might line the classrooms, but for many parents, the additional financial strain associated with sending their teenagers back to school can be significant.
	Jet quarantined in New York after reports of sick passengers A commercial jet from Dubai prompted a large-scale emergency response at New York's Kennedy Airport on Wednesday after a pilot reported that several passengers and crew members were complaining about having a flu-like illness.
	Cholera scare on Algeria-France flight A sick eight-year-old triggered a cholera scare onboard a flight from the Algerian city of Oran to Perpignan in southern France on Wednesday.
	Researchers find disrupted functional connectivity in cerebellum of adults with HF-ASD A new study using an unbiased, whole-brain data-driven approach to assess the resting-state functional connectome in young adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD) found two clusters of abnormal connectivity in the cerebellum. This finding, which supports a crucial role for the cerebellum in ASD and highlights the cerebellum as a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target, is reported in an article in Brain Connectivity.
	New study introduces approach that can roughly double success rates of kidney transplants Patients with terminal kidney failure require either frequent dialysis or a new, donated kidney to survive. Donor kidneys can be found via cadavers or by finding a willing and compatible living donor—usually a family member. Then, medical and psychological work is done to determine whether that donor is indeed compatible. If tests determine that, for example, the donor's kidney is not likely to be accepted by the patient's body, then the process halts and restarts.
	New guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of perimenopausal depression New "Guidelines for the Evaluation and Treatment of Perimenopausal Depression: Summary and Recommendations have been co-published in Journal of Women's Health and Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society.
Tests show e-coli in Egypt hotel where British tourists died Travel company Thomas Cook says tests have found e-coli in a hotel where two British tourists died in unexplained circumstances in Egypt's Red Sea resort of Hurghada.
A nursing perspective on the opioid crisis Addictions nursing specialists have a unique role to play in caring for patients, families, and communities affected by the crisis. A series of original research and expert commentaries provide the nursing specialist's perspective on the opioid crisis, appearing in the July/September special issue of Journal of Addictions Nursing (JAN), the official journal of the International Nurses Society on Addictions (IntNSA).
Italy reinstates jabs law for pre-schoolers Italy's populist government on Wednesday reinstated a law banning children from attending creches and nursery schools if they had not received a series of jabs.
Cholera kills 14 in NE Nigeria: official Cholera has killed 14 people with almost 400 hospitalised in the past week in Nigeria's northeastern city of Maiduguri, the Borno state health commissioner said on Wednesday.
	DR Congo's 'Ebola war' up against traditional beliefs An army of health workers fighting the Ebola epidemic in the east of Democratic Republic of Congo are confronting denial and false beliefs regarding the highly contagious hemorrhagic virus.
Report: Fentanyl deaths in Alaska quadrupled in 2017 A new report says overdose deaths in Alaska involving the synthetic opioid fentanyl more than quadrupled last year.

Biology news

	How the clownfish earned its stripes: Color pattern evolution in coral reef fishes Coral reef fishes, including clownfish, display a wide variety of colors but it remains unclear how these colors evolved or how they develop throughout a fish's life. Research published in BMC Biology sheds new light on the evolution of different stripe patterns in clownfish and on how these patterns change as individuals from different species grow from larvae into adults.
	'Carnivore' sharks have a stomach for greens: study The bonnethead shark, a small member of the hammerhead family, was long thought to be a strict carnivore that would occasionally ingest greens purely by accident.
	Head-turning violence helps tiny songbirds kill big prey: study They may be small and striking, but shrikes are songbirds known for viciously impaling their victims with a razor-sharp bill although experts have long wondered about their ability to subdue much larger prey.
	Machine learning predicts metabolism, helping drug developers and brewers Machine learning algorithms that can predict yeast metabolism from its protein content have been developed by scientists at the Francis Crick Institute. The findings could provide a basis for brewers to have greater control over the flavour of their beer, and scientists to personalise treatments for metabolic disorder patients, in the future.
	Burly bird gets the worm The pecking order of garden birds is determined by their size and weight, new research shows.
	Australian fur seal pup population is shrinking A census of annual pup production by Australian fur seal populations revealed the first reduction since species-wide protection was implemented in 1975, according to a study published September 5 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Rebecca McIntosh of the Phillip Island Nature Parks in Victoria, Australia, and colleagues. The study also shows that the long-term monitoring program for the Australian fur seal has effectively tracked population trends over time.
	Researchers find personality of social spiders can impact hunting success of group A team of researchers at the University of California has found that individual personality differences in social spiders can have an impact on how well the group hunts prey. In their paper published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, the group describes their study of Stegodyphus dumicola, a social spider, and what they found.
	Male elk face a trade-off regarding when to drop their antlers A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in the U.S. has found that male elk face a trade-off regarding the appropriate time to drop their antlers. In their paper published in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution, the group describes their 13-year study of elk living in Yellowstone National Park—and the wolves that hunt them.
	Researchers uncover how tissues and organs are sculpted during embryogenesis Ever wondered how groups of cells managed to build your tissues and organs while you were just an embryo?
Scientists take to Twitter to study flying ants, starling murmurations and house spiders Searching tweets for text or hashtags allowed researchers to gather information on popular ecological phenomena observed in the UK such as the emergence of flying ants and starling murmurations. Their findings are published today in the journal Methods in Ecology and Evolution.
	'Live fast, die young' lifestyle reflected in birds' feathers Animals' lives tend to follow a quicker tempo as they get farther from the equator—birds at more northern latitudes mature faster, start reproducing younger, and live shorter lives, probably as a way of dealing with seasonal variation in resources. A new study from The Auk: Ornithological Advances shows for the first time that this pattern also plays out in birds' feathers, with northern birds completing their annual molt faster to keep up with the demands of life far from the tropics.
	Mechanism of biological noise cancellation revealed In biology, the physical differences between organisms of the same type, for example two humans, originate from so-called developmental noise stemming from probabilistic collisions between reacting molecules and environmental conditions in cells during the early stages of the organism's growth. Generally, mechanisms are in place to prevent biological noise from resulting in incorrect organismal developments. Makoto Sato from Kanazawa University and colleagues have now discovered that a particular biochemical signaling pathway contributes to noise canceling in the differentiation process of neural stem cells—the self-renewing cells that play an important part in the development of the nervous system of animals during the embryonic stage.
	Computer models provide new insights for sustainable control of potato late blight Wageningen University & Research uses computer models to develop sustainable management strategies in the control of potato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans. Francine Pacilly will receive her Ph.D. on this socially relevant topic on September 4. Her research provides important insights for farmers, breeders, potato traders, retailers and governments. Resistant varieties can play an important role in sustainable disease control, but cooperation between stakeholders in the whole potato sector is required.
	Protected areas alone won't save all threatened species Protected areas alone are not enough to save Australia's threatened species, according to research from the Threatened Species Recovery Hub.
	The fate of unique species in Tanzania's coastal forests hangs in the balance Tanzania is known for its tapestry of lush forests, expansive grasslands and tropical beaches, and abundant and diverse wildlife. Its coastal forests are part of the Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa biodiversity hotspot – a place recognised for its wealth of wildlife but threatened with destruction, making it a high priority for conservation efforts.
	The synthetic biology revolution is now – here's what that means We live in an era when biotechnology, information technology, manufacturing and automation all come together to form a capability called synthetic biology.
	Signs of bac­teria in the bovine fetus Contrary to earlier assumptions, the intestines of newborn calves are not sterile, but contain DNA from various bacteria. Bacteria or their fragments originating in the mother may be significant to the development of the intestinal immune system.
	Low antibiotic concentration in the environment enough to increase antimicrobial resistance in laboratory conditions Microbial communities are equipped with effective defence mechanisms against antibiotics. Existing antimicrobial resistance may become increasingly prevalent on its own – with no interference from antibiotics – in compact bacterial communities known as biofilms, or when protozoa hunt bacteria for food.
	New research could reduce primate electrocutions and help conservation strategies New research has mapped and analysed the incidence of primate electrocutions in Diani, Kenya to identify hotspot areas that should be prioritised to reduce the risk of electric shock. The study could also inform conservation strategies in other parts of the world where primate electrocutions are common. Electrocution threatens a wide range of primate species across the world and the hazard could become more widespread as species are increasingly restricted to human-dominated landscapes.
	Endocrine disruptors found in bottlenose dolphins Bottlenose dolphins are being exposed to chemical compounds added to many common cleaning products, cosmetics, personal care products and plastics, according to a new study in GeoHealth, a journal of the American Geophysical Union.
UN emergency talks to head off swine fever spread in Asia An emergency meeting to head off an outbreak of African swine fever across Asia opened in Bangkok on Wednesday, after a mass pig cull in China sparked fears of a potential pandemic.
	Love is in your guts If you've ever had a gut feeling about a relationship, there may be more science behind it than you realise.

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