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Scientific Reports Editor's choice collection: Infectious Disease (Gates Foundation) Global health is one of four grant-making areas served by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. From prevention through diagnosis to the search for novel treatments, the research in this collection showcases some of the impressive outputs of the Foundation's efforts.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| September 2018 Volume 18, Issue 9 |
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Research Highlights
Reviews
Perspectives
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Viral Infection and Immune Response
This conference aims to stimulate the interaction between the fields of virology and immunology in order to advance our understanding of viral epidemiology and pathogenesis, as well as the innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by the host.
October 12-14, 2018 | Shanghai, China
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Tissue-based profiling for confident decisions in immuno-oncology
Learn how standardizing tissue profiling in drug development and trial designs in immuno-oncology will improve decision making.
Thursday 12th September 2018
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| Communications Biology: Open for Submissions Communications Biology is a new open access journal that publishes high-quality primary research articles, reviews and commentary representing significant advances and new insights to the field of biology. The journal is now open for submissions. Find out more >> |  | | |
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Simultaneous gene expression and epitope analysis of immune cells from astronauts - Thursday, 6th September, 2018
Listen to Dr Christopher Mason from Weil Cornell Medical College discuss his plan for the survival of the human species on Earth, in space and on other planets.
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Quorum sensing in the immune system
Luca Antonioli, Corrado Blandizzi, Pál Pacher, Martin Guilliams & György Haskó
pp537 - 538 | doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0040-4
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Research Highlights | |
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mtDNA synthesis ignites the inflammasome
Yvonne Bordon
p539 | doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0049-8
Macrophage priming by inflammatory stimuli drives the new synthesis and oxidation of mitochondrial DNA, which is essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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| IgE in skin stress surveillance
Lucy Bird
pp540 - 541 | doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0045-z
New role for IgE identified in protection against epithelial cell damage and tumorigenesis.
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| Natural regulatory plasma cells
Alexandra Flemming
pp540 - 541 | doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0057-8
A regulatory B cell subset has been identified that is characterized by the expression of LAG3. In response to TLR stimulation, these LAG3+ B cells produce IL-10.
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| Chance favours the prepared mind
Jeffrey A. Bluestone
p541 | doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0043-1
Jeffrey Bluestone describes a 1987 study of anergic T cells by Marc Jenkins and Ron Schwartz that altered his thoughts about T cell tolerance and eventually gave birth to the field of checkpoint inhibition.
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| Introducing … thymic tuft cells
Kirsty Minton
p542 | doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0047-x
Two papers published in Nature introduce a new subset of medullary thymic epithelial cells with properties similar to intestinal tuft cells, including IL-25 production and chemosensing ability.
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| Immune-boost for the elderly
Alexandra Flemming
p543 | doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0052-0
A combination of TORC1 inhibitors increases immune responses to vaccines and decreases overall infection rates in the elderly.
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| Double (mtRNA) trouble
Yvonne Bordon
p543 | doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0055-x
RNA degradasome components metabolize mitochondrial double-stranded RNA and prevent aberrant activation of innate sensors in the cytosol.
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Reviews | |
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IFNγ: signalling, epigenetics and roles in immunity, metabolism, disease and cancer immunotherapy
Lionel B. Ivashkiv
pp545 - 558 | doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0029-z
Lionel Ivashkiv discusses new insight into the functions of IFNγ and summarizes our current understanding of IFNγ receptor signalling. In particular, the author focuses on recent studies on how IFNγ influences autoimmunity, immunometabolism, neurological diseases and cancer immunotherapy.
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Tissue-specific functions of invariant natural killer T cells
Catherine M. Crosby & Mitchell Kronenberg
pp559 - 574 | doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0034-2
Here, the authors examine the functions of different subsets of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. They explain how iNKT cells contribute to tissue homeostasis and protection against infection, with a focus on the liver, intestine, lungs and adipose tissue.
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Immunological mechanisms of human resistance to persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Jason D. Simmons, Catherine M. Stein, Chetan Seshadri, Monica Campo, Galit Alter et al.
pp575 - 589 | doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0025-3
Resisters are individuals who show resistance to infection despite long-term, high exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this Review, Simmons and colleagues discuss potential mechanisms underlying this resistance, such as those mediated by macrophages, T cells and B cells, and how an understanding of these mechanisms might aid in the development of therapies for tuberculosis.
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Perspectives | |
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Antibodies and tuberculosis: finally coming of age?
Hao Li & Babak Javid
pp591 - 596 | doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0028-0
Most candidate vaccines for tuberculosis are designed to boost cell-mediated immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the intracellular bacterium that causes the disease. This Opinion article considers the rationale for also harnessing antibody-mediated immunity in future tuberculosis vaccines.
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Discover how fluorescent imaging is providing new insights into immune processes.
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