| Leukaemia hijacks a neural mechanism to invade the central nervous system Expression of α6 integrin enables acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells to use neural migratory pathways to invade the central nervous system and metastasize to the brain. Hisayuki Yao, Trevor T. Price, Gaia Cantelli et al. | Peptide secretion triggers diabetes An autoimmune attack on cells that make the hormone insulin causes type 1 diabetes. A mouse study reveals that pancreatic-cell release of insulin peptide fragments into the bloodstream triggers this harmful process. Jiajie Wei, Jonathan W. Yewdell | Thymic tuft cells promote an IL-4-enriched medulla and shape thymocyte development A comprehensive analysis of the thymic medulla identifies a tuft-cell-like thymic epithelial cell population that is necessary for shaping thymic function. Corey N. Miller, Irina Proekt, Jakob von Moltke et al. | An unexpected trigger for calorie burning in brown fat The molecule succinate, which is a product of metabolism, promotes heat production and therefore calorie burning in brown fat in mice. This discovery could have implications for combating obesity in humans. Sheng Hui, Joshua D. Rabinowitz | The shieldin complex mediates 53BP1-dependent DNA repair The 53BP1 effector complex shieldin is involved in non-homologous end-joining and immunoglobulin class switching, and acts to protect DNA ends to facilitate the repair of DNA by 53BP1. Sylvie M. Noordermeer, Salomé Adam, Dheva Setiaputra et al. | 53BP1–RIF1–shieldin counteracts DSB resection through CST- and Polα-dependent fill-in 53BP1 and shieldin recruit the CTC1–STN1–TEN1 complex and polymerase-α to sites of DNA damage to help control the repair of double-strand breaks. Zachary Mirman, Francisca Lottersberger, Hiroyuki Takai et al. | Photoswitching topology in polymer networks with metal–organic cages as crosslinks Using topology-switching metal–ligand cages to crosslink polymer networks produces gels whose chemical and mechanical properties can be radically and reversibly switched on irradiation. Yuwei Gu, Eric A. Alt, Heng Wang et al. | Glucose-regulated phosphorylation of TET2 by AMPK reveals a pathway linking diabetes to cancer Modulation of DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by glucose reveals an AMPK–TET2–5hmC axis that links diabetes to cancer. Di Wu, Di Hu, Hao Chen et al. | Single-cell mapping of the thymic stroma identifies IL-25-producing tuft epithelial cells A comprehensive characterization of the thymic stroma identifies a tuft-cell-like thymic epithelial cell population that is critical for shaping the immune niche in the thymus. Chamutal Bornstein, Shir Nevo, Amir Giladi et al. | Accumulation of succinate controls activation of adipose tissue thermogenesis A comparative metabolomics approach is used to identify succinate as a key activator of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Evanna L. Mills, Kerry A. Pierce, Mark P. Jedrychowski et al. | Pancreatic islets communicate with lymphoid tissues via exocytosis of insulin peptides A sensitive T cell tracking assay reveals immunogenic activity of specific catabolized peptide fragments of insulin and their effects on T cell activity in lymph nodes, highlighting communication between pancreatic islets and lymphoid tissue. Xiaoxiao Wan, Bernd H. Zinselmeyer, Pavel N. Zakharov et al. | Leukaemia follows a blood-vessel track to enter the nervous system Certain cancers are prone to invade the nervous system, which leads to poorer prognosis. A study of leukaemia in mice reveals an unexpectedly direct invasion route from the bone marrow to the central nervous system. Frank Winkler | The outer membrane is an essential load-bearing element in Gram-negative bacteria The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is shown to be at least as stiff as the cell wall, and this property enables it to protect cells from mechanical pertubations. Enrique R. Rojas, Gabriel Billings, Pascal D. Odermatt et al. | Triple oxygen isotope evidence for limited mid-Proterozoic primary productivity Triple oxygen isotope measurements of 1.4-billion-year-old sedimentary sulfates reveal a unique mid-Proterozoic atmosphere and demonstrate that gross primary productivity in the mid-Proterozoic was between 6% and 41% of pre-anthropogenic levels. Peter W. Crockford, Justin A. Hayles, Huiming Bao et al. | Genome-centric view of carbon processing in thawing permafrost Analysis of more than 1,500 microbial genomes sheds light on the processing of carbon released as permafrost thaws. Ben J. Woodcroft, Caitlin M. Singleton, Joel A. Boyd et al. | Complex silica composite nanomaterials templated with DNA origami DNA origami is used as a template to produce complex geometric shapes of nanoscale silica hybrid materials. Xiaoguo Liu, Fei Zhang, Xinxin Jing et al. | | | Electron ptychography of 2D materials to deep sub-ångström resolution Combining an electron microscope pixel-array detector that collects the entire distribution of scattered electrons with full-field ptychography greatly improves image resolution and contrast compared to traditional techniques, even at low beam energies. Yi Jiang, Zhen Chen, Yimo Han et al. | | | Synchronous tropical and polar temperature evolution in the Eocene A 26-million-year record of equatorial sea surface temperatures reveals synchronous changes of tropical and polar temperatures during the Eocene epoch forced by variations in concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide, with a constant degree of polar amplification. Margot J. Cramwinckel, Matthew Huber, Ilja J. Kocken et al. | | An inverse latitudinal gradient in speciation rate for marine fishes Contrary to previous hypotheses, high-latitude fish lineages form new species at much faster rates than their tropical counterparts especially in geographical regions that are characterized by low surface temperatures and high endemism. Daniel L. Rabosky, Jonathan Chang, Pascal O. Title et al. | | Hot streaks in artistic, cultural, and scientific careers The career trajectories of around 30,000 artists, film directors and scientists show that individuals in each domain have ‘hot streaks’ during which their works have increased impact, despite showing no increase in productivity. Lu Liu, Yang Wang, Roberta Sinatra et al. | | Mechanism of parkin activation by PINK1 Structural mass spectrometry of full-length human parkin and a structure of the activated parkin core reveal large-scale domain rearrangements involved in activation of parkin by PINK1. Christina Gladkova, Sarah L. Maslen, J. Mark Skehel et al. | | | | | |
No comments:
Post a Comment