Science X Newsletter Monday, Jun 4

Dear Reader ,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for June 4, 2018:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

Compact 3-D quantum memory addresses long-standing tradeoff

Astronomers detect a doubly eclipsing quadruple star system

NOvA experiment sees strong evidence for antineutrino oscillation

Best of last week: Flux capacitor invented, a better 3-D printer and the true benefits of vitamins

Wireless system can power devices inside the body

Peering at atomic structures with no more than pencil and paper

Spooky quantum particle pairs fly like weird curveballs

Who gets their mass from the Higgs?

Chemical traces from star formation cast light on cosmic history

Capturing light in a waveguide array

Researchers devise new way to make light interact with matter

Guppies change their eye color to deter rivals

Study casts doubt on the predictive value of earthquake foreshocks

Collective gravity, not Planet Nine, may explain the orbits of 'detached objects'

Thank the moon for Earth's lengthening day

Astronomy & Space news

	Astronomers detect a doubly eclipsing quadruple star system Using NASA's Kepler spacecraft, an international group of astronomers has discovered a doubly eclipsing, bound quadruple star system. The newly found system, designated EPIC 219217635, consists of stars similar in size to our sun, with masses ranging from 0.41 to 1.3 solar masses. The finding was presented May 24 in a paper published on arXiv.org.
	Chemical traces from star formation cast light on cosmic history Fresh insight into how stars are formed is challenging scientists' understanding of the Universe.
	Collective gravity, not Planet Nine, may explain the orbits of 'detached objects' Bumper car-like interactions at the edges of our solar system—and not a mysterious ninth planet—may explain the dynamics of strange bodies called "detached objects," according to a new study.
	Team discover how microbes survive clean rooms and contaminate spacecraft Rakesh Mogul, a Cal Poly Pomona professor of biological chemistry, was the lead author of an article in the journal Astrobiology that offers the first biochemical evidence explaining the reason the contamination persists.
	NASA CubeSats steer toward Mars NASA has achieved a first for the class of tiny spacecraft known as CubeSats, which are opening new access to space.
	Tiny asteroid discovered Saturday disintegrates over Africa A boulder-sized asteroid designated 2018 LA was discovered Saturday morning, June 2, and was determined to be on a collision course with Earth, with impact just hours away. Because it was very faint, the asteroid was estimated to be only about 6 feet (2 meters) across, which is small enough that it was expected to safely disintegrate in Earth's atmosphere. Saturday's asteroid was first discovered by the NASA-funded Catalina Sky Survey, located near Tucson and operated by the University of Arizona.
	NEOWISE thermal data reveal surface properties of over 100 asteroids Nearly all asteroids are so far away and so small that the astronomical community only knows them as moving points of light. The rare exceptions are asteroids that have been visited by spacecraft, a small number of large asteroids resolved by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope or large ground-based telescopes, or those that have come close enough for radar imaging.
	Outflowing gas from galaxy supermassive black hole nuclei Supermassive black holes at the nuclei of most galaxies, including our Milky Way, develop gradually as material accretes onto the seed black hole. The physical processes that drive this growth – the so-called feeding and feedback processes – occur in the vicinity of the galaxy nucleus. When the accretion becomes active, radiation is emitted that illuminates and ionizes the gas in the vicinity of the nucleus.
	Globular clusters 4 billion years younger than previously thought Globular clusters could be up to 4 billion years younger than previously thought, new research led by the University of Warwick has found.
	SpaceX delays plans to send tourists around Moon: report SpaceX will not send tourists around the Moon this year as previously announced, and will delay the project until the middle of next year, US media reported on Monday.
	Mars Curiosity's labs are back in action NASA's Curiosity rover is analyzing drilled samples on Mars in one of its onboard labs for the first time in more than a year.
	NASA selects mission to study solar wind boundary of outer solar system NASA has selected a science mission planned for launch in 2024 that will sample, analyze, and map particles streaming to Earth from the edges of interstellar space.
	Russian space capsule with 3 astronauts lands in Kazakhstan A Russian Soyuz space capsule carrying three astronauts from the International Space Station has landed safely in the steppes of Kazakhstan.
	Hubble spots a green cosmic arc This NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image shows a cluster of hundreds of galaxies located about 7.5 billion light-years from Earth. The brightest galaxy within this cluster, named SDSS J1156+1911, is visible in the lower middle of the frame. It was discovered by the Sloan Giant Arcs Survey, which studied data maps covering huge parts of the sky from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The survey found more than 70 galaxies that look to be significantly affected by a cosmic phenomenon known as gravitational lensing.
	Building the Starshot sail: A Q&A with Harry Atwater When manmade probes finally reach other stars, they will not be powered by rockets. Instead, they may be riding on a gossamer-thin sail that is being blasted by a giant laser beam. Harry Atwater, Howard Hughes Professor of Applied Physics and Materials Science, is a project leader of the Breakthrough Starshot Program,which seeks to make these probes a reality. In a new paper published on May 7 in Nature Materials, Atwater explores some of the major challenges the project will face in its bid to make humanity an interstellar species. We recently sat down with him to talk about the program.
	Image: Testing the NIRSpec instrument on the Webb This abstract image is a preview of the instrumental power that will be unleashed once the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope will be in space.
	Researchers support project to detect particles from deep space on NASA balloon mission A team of researchers at The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) has been awarded NASA funding as part of a large, five-year-long U.S. collaboration to fly an ultra-long duration balloon mission with three innovative ultra-sensitive telescopes to sense cosmic rays and neutrinos coming from deep space. Planned for launch in 2022, the second-generation Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon (EUSO-SPB2) is a major step toward a planned mission to send a probe to space.
	SpaceX launches communication satellite, ditches old booster SpaceX has launched another satellite for a Luxembourg communication company. But it ditched the recycled booster in the Atlantic following liftoff.
	Supercomputer Astronomy: The Next Generation The supercomputer Cray XC50, nicknamed NS-05 "ATERUI II" started operation on June 1, 2018. With a theoretical peak performance of 3.087 petaflops, ATERUI II is the world's fastest supercomputer for astrophysical simulations. ATERUI Ⅱsimulates a wide range of astronomical phenomena inaccessible to observational astronomy, allowing us to boldly go where no one has gone before, from the birth of the universe itself to the interior of a dying star.

Technology news

	Wireless system can power devices inside the body MIT researchers, working with scientists from Brigham and Women's Hospital, have developed a new way to power and communicate with devices implanted deep within the human body. Such devices could be used to deliver drugs, monitor conditions inside the body, or treat disease by stimulating the brain with electricity or light.
	G Plus driverless delivery vehicle to feature solid-state LiDAR tech A solid-state LiDAR unmanned logistics vehicle was introduced in China on Thursday. Translation: Expect the onset of solid state Lidar in the form of a driverless delivery truck. The announcement came in the form of a joint release from Alibaba Group's Cainiao Network and RoboSense.
	Arm's Cortex-A76 set to deliver performance uplifts with good battery life British semiconductor IP company Arm is making news for in the laptop marketplace. Arm has unveiled its Cortex-A76 CPU design. Arm licenses chip designs and the instruction set that the chips use, said Peter Bright in Ars Technica. Now Arm has introduced its processor design, the Cortex-A76. Cortex-A76 based laptops are expected to deliver twice the performance on the current Arm based generation.
	Standard announced for braille displays across different operating systems and hardware A new standard for braille displays has come on the scene, and it is backed by the giants in tech.
	Revolutionizing everyday products with artificial intelligence "Who is Bram Stoker?" Those three words demonstrated the amazing potential of artificial intelligence. It was the answer to a final question in a particularly memorable 2011 episode of Jeopardy!. The three competitors were former champions Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings, and Watson, a super computer developed by IBM. By answering the final question correctly, Watson became the first computer to beat a human on the famous quiz show.
	Microsoft says buying GitHub for $7.5 bn Microsoft on Monday said it will buy software development platform GitHub, in a deal worth $7.5 billion which will blend two opposite corporate cultures.
	New iPhone features to include ways to use it less Apple introduced new controls for limiting how much time customers spend on their devices as the company tackles criticism that its devices are becoming increasingly addictive and distracting.
	Telegram says Apple cleared path for app update Telegram said Friday that Apple cleared the path for an updated version of the secure messaging app despite a ban in Russia.
	Lithuania holds hackathon to mint digital collector coin Lithuania's central bank on Saturday held a hackathon aimed at issuing the world's first digital collector coin to mark this year's centenary of independence for the Baltic eurozone state.
	Consortium buying Toshiba's memory business promises growth The buyers of Toshiba Corp.'s memory device operations are promising to invest in technology development and manufacturing facilities to stay competitive, although they stopped short of giving a specific monetary amount or naming a new factory site.
	Bayer to ditch Monsanto name after mega-merger (Update) German chemicals and pharmaceuticals giant Bayer will discard the name Monsanto when it takes over the controversial US seeds and pesticides producer this week, it said Monday.
Ticket service data breach disrupts music venues Concert ticketing service Ticketfly says it's working to get its system back online after a data breach leaked users' personal information and disrupted services at live music venues.
	Global airport capacity crisis amid passenger boom: IATA Governments need to urgently tackle a capacity crisis facing airports as demand for international travel grows, but they should be cautious about private sector involvement, airline industry group IATA warned Monday.
	Better access to production data How can companies master the mountains of Industrie 4.0 data? Specialists at the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD are helping make production processes faster and assure quality. People who go on board the MS Wissenschaft (Motor Ship Science) 2018 can get an idea of how IGD researchers display all key information in one place and simplify decision-making processes with their Plant@Hand3D system.
	A platform for extracting crucial information from satellite images EPFL start-up Picterra has devised a smart system that allows users to analyze drone or satellite images of a given territory: in a few clicks, they can extract information, statistics and representations of changes that have taken place in the area. The startup, which is based at EPFL Innovation Park, will present its system to sector professionals and the public tomorrow at GEOSummit, the Swiss geoinformation trade fair in Bern.
	Demystifying the future of connected and autonomous vehicles No doubt the emergence of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) will have new and exciting effects on patterns and modes of transportation, but when it comes to measuring those effects, the future gets a little hazier.
	Hybrid overhead lines—more power, not more power lines Social opposition to new high-voltage lines is delaying modernisation of the power grid. Two projects of the National Research Programmes "Energy Turnaround" and "Managing Energy Consumption" have determined the optimum design of hybrid overhead lines needed to increase the capacity of the power transmission grid and, at the same time, win popular acceptance for the new technology.
	LED stool to combat back pain Sitting down for hours on end is hazardous to our health – whether it is in the office, at school, in the car or on the sofa. Backaches, obesity, diabetes and other conditions are the consequences of a lack of movement. It is important, therefore, to integrate dynamic sitting into our everyday lives. In a fun exhibition on the MS Wissenschaft science ship, Fraunhofer researchers are demonstrating how you can practice healthy back movements using special equipment.
	Improved focus for office workers Around 40 percent of all employees in Germany work in an office. Often, however, office buildings do not meet the needs of modern workplace requirements which results in sensory overload, distraction and stress. International studies have shown that office workers perceive subpar acoustics as particularly distracting. On board this year's MS Wissenschaft, Fraunhofer researchers demonstrate how these performance-degrading influences can be minimized. The magic words: sound masking.
	Making efficient use of biomass Industrial facilities are generally located far away from extensive forest regions. Because wood requires efforts to transport, it sees only limited use as a raw material in industry. In the EU-funded SteamBio project, researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB have teamed up with various partners to change all that, developing a special steam drying technique that could significantly cut transportation costs. Another bonus is that the technique yields valuable feedstock for the chemical industry. The technique is already in use at a pilot facility in Spain. From June 11-15, visitors to the ACHEMA trade fair in Frankfurt am Main will be able to see a model of the facility for themselves (Hall 9.2, Booth D66).
	The underwater adhesive A special formula for epoxy resins has been developed at TU Wien, which can be used for fibre-reinforced composites in aerospace, shipbuilding and automotive manufacturing, or even for underwater renovation. This is achieved merely by irradiating any part of the resin with light.
	Satellite imagery is revolutionizing the world. But should we always trust what we see? In 1972, the crew of Apollo 17 captured what has become one of the most iconic images of the Earth: the Blue Marble. Biochemist Gregory Petsko described the image as "perfectly representing the human condition of living on an island in the universe." Many researchers now credit the image as marking the beginning of environmental activism in the U.S.
	People aren't using their vacation time—here's a way to fix that When Kevin Corliss, Christopher Kenyon, and Douglas Franklin entered their first professional careers, they each encountered the same dilemma: Although they had earned paid vacation time, they were discouraged from using it.
	Facebook under scrutiny over data sharing after NYT report Facebook is pushing back against a media report saying that it provided extensive information about its users and their friends to third parties like phone makers.
	German car sales plunge in May as diesel falls out of favour Sales of new cars in Germany plunged in May, official figures showed Monday, dragged lower by public holidays and mounting uncertainty about the future of scandal-plagued diesel.
	Facebook 'not aware of any abuse' of data by phone makers Facebook said Monday that it does not know of any privacy abuse by cellphone makers who years ago were able to gain access to personal data on users and their friends.
	Army researchers envision third arm for soldiers When engineers from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory brainstormed on how to improve Soldier lethality, the idea of a third arm seemed like something that might help.
Reports: Google won't renew Pentagon contract to use AI Google won't renew a contract with the Pentagon that provides the company's artificially intelligent algorithms to interpret video images and improve the targeting of drone strikes.
	Erdogan says Uber 'finished' in Turkey Uber faces being banned in Turkey after President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said the ride hailing app was "finished" on Saturday following an intense lobbying campaign from Istanbul taxi drivers.
	Global airline body warns against protectionism, rising costs Trade wars and protectionism are key risk factors to airline profits already weakened by rising oil prices, the International Air Transport Association said Monday.
	Airlines to step up fight against human trafficking Airlines are set to step up the fight against human trafficking, global industry body IATA said Monday as it released guidelines on how crews can act as "eyes and ears" to identify and report suspected cases.
	Embattled Air France-KLM stock jumps as hotel group studies bid (Update) Shares in Air France-KLM soared on Monday after French hotels group AccorHotels said it would be interested in taking a stake in the Franco-Dutch airline.
	Private equity group Advent takes control of Walmart Brazil Walmart announced Monday plans to hand over control of its Brazilian arm to private equity group Advent International.
	Mexico sets conditions for Bayer-Monsanto merger Mexican competition regulators said Monday they had ordered the German chemicals and pharmaceuticals giant Bayer to sell off its seed and pesticide businesses after a merger with US agriculture heavyweight Monsanto.

Medicine & Health news

	Researchers transform human blood cells into functional neurons Human immune cells in blood can be converted directly into functional neurons in the laboratory in about three weeks with the addition of just four proteins, researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have found.
	Polarized cells give the heart its fully developed form When it first starts to develop, the heart is a simple tube. Reporting in the journal Nature Communications, researchers at MDC have now described how it forms itself into a its characteristic S-shape and how the ventricles and atria finally develop. Their findings will help scientists to better understand the development of congenital heart diseases.
	A major step towards individualized cancer therapy Fuyuhiko Tamanoi of Kyoto University's Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS) and colleagues in the U.S. succeeded in establishing a powerful and convenient model to analyse human cancer.
	Where the brain processes spiritual experiences Yale scientists have identified a possible neurobiological home for the spiritual experience—the sense of connection to something greater than oneself.
	Lynch syndrome found to be associated with more types of cancers A team of researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center has found Lynch syndrome to be associated with more types of cancer than previously thought. The group gave a presentation at this year's American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting outlining their findings.
	Gene linked to intellectual ability affects memory replay in mice Researchers at the RIKEN Center for Brain Science in Japan have discovered that a gene associated with human intellectual ability is necessary for normal memory formation in mice. Published in Nature Neuroscience, the study shows that mice with only one copy of the gene replay shorter fragments of their previous experiences during periods of rest, impairing their ability to consolidate memories.
	Cervical cancer may be driven by imbalance in vaginal bacteria, research finds Virtually all cervical cancers are caused by HPV, or human papillomavirus, dubbed the "common cold" of sexually transmitted infections because nearly every sexually active person catches it. Fortunately, the immune system vanquishes the majority of HPV infections, with only a small percentage progressing to precancer and, ultimately, cancer. But why do some people clear the infection while others are unable to fight it?
	Timing is everything to build kidneys from scratch Arriving early or late can have big consequences for early-stage cells that gather to form a new kidney, a team of USC researchers discovered.
	New approach to immunotherapy leads to complete response in breast cancer patient A novel approach to immunotherapy developed by researchers at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has led to the complete regression of breast cancer in a patient who was unresponsive to all other treatments. This patient received the treatment in a clinical trial led by Steven A. Rosenberg, M.D., Ph.D., chief of the Surgery Branch at NCI's Center for Cancer Research (CCR), and the findings were published June 4, 2018 in Nature Medicine. NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health.
	HIV vaccine elicits antibodies in animals that neutralize dozens of HIV strains An experimental vaccine regimen based on the structure of a vulnerable site on HIV elicited antibodies in mice, guinea pigs and monkeys that neutralize dozens of HIV strains from around the world. The findings were reported today in the journal Nature Medicine by researchers at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, and their colleagues.
	Functional MRI reveals memory in sleeping toddlers Our ability to remember past events develops rapidly in the first couple of years of life, but it's not clear exactly how this happens. Researchers at the Center for Mind and Brain at the University of California, Davis have now been able to carry out functional MRI brain scans of sleeping toddlers, and show for the first time how specific brain regions are activated during memory recall in two-year-olds.
	Protein pair quickly makes memories of new places Entering an unfamiliar place provides the chance to make a new memory. A new study at MIT's Picower Institute for Learning and Memory shows how two proteins spring into action to ensure that a memory is encoded within minutes.
	New study points to a potential 'Achilles heel' in brain cancer Scientists at Virginia Commonwealth University believe they have uncovered an "Achilles heel" of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and deadly form of brain cancer. Their study published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences details how a mechanism that protects glioma stem cells can potentially be exploited to develop new and more effective treatments for GBM.
	Study finds rare gain for tough-to-treat pancreatic cancer Patients with pancreatic cancer that hadn't spread lived substantially longer on a four-drug combo than on a single standard cancer drug, a rare advance for a tough-to-treat disease, researchers reported Monday.
	Millions could have incorrect statin, aspirin and blood pressure prescriptions More than 11 million Americans may have incorrect prescriptions for aspirin, statins and blood pressure medications, according to a study led by researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine.
	Study links sleep loss with nighttime snacking, junk food cravings, obesity, diabetes Nighttime snacking and junk food cravings may contribute to unhealthy eating behaviors and represent a potential link between poor sleep and obesity, according to a study by University of Arizona Health Sciences sleep researchers.
	Ob-gyns should ID gynecologic symptoms of eating disorders (HealthDay)—Obstetrician-gynecologists should be aware of the gynecologic concerns and symptoms of eating disorders, according to a committee opinion published in the June issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology.
	Fever, rash, erythema seen in most puerto rican kids with Zika (HealthDay)—Most children with Zika virus (ZIKV) infection have fever, rash, and facial or neck erythema, according to a study published online May 29 in JAMA Pediatrics.
	Academic underachievement with Tourette, tic disorders (HealthDay)—Individuals with Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorders have lower likelihood of academic achievement, according to a study published online May 29 in JAMA Neurology.
	Multisensory interventions cut pain in preterm infant eye exams (HealthDay)—The addition of multisensory pain-reducing interventions to topical anesthetic (TA) reduces pain in eye examinations of preterm infants, according to research published online June 1 in Pediatrics.
	Higher HDL-C linked to better cognition in older DM patients (HealthDay)—Higher serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with better executive function among older patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), according to a study published online May 19 in the Journal of Diabetes Investigation.
	Knowledge gaps found for non-drug therapy in peds ADHD (HealthDay)—There are considerable gaps in knowledge relating to the effectiveness of non-pharmacologic treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in pediatric patients, according to a review published online May 30 in Pediatrics.
	Yes, you can put too much chlorine in a pool (HealthDay)—Before you take a dip in the pool this summer, be sure there's not too much chlorine in the water.
	Hollywood silent on request to give R rating to movies with smoking The silent film era ended nearly a century ago, but Hollywood is still mute when it comes to demands to change its rating system to award an R rating to most movies that feature tobacco.
	Lifesaving info not always a 911 call away Keidryn Nimsgern's heart stopped when she was riding in her boyfriend's car while the two ran errands in a suburb of Madison, Wisconsin. Jake Suter had never called 911 before that frightening day a year ago.
Why do some sleep-deprived people experience worse cognitive functioning than others? The key to predicting how someone is affected by sleep loss may be found in microRNAs (miRNAs), according to a new study from researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Many studies connect sleep loss with cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's, and other disorders, and it is well known that sleep loss negatively affects cognitive performance. However, those adverse effects are experienced differently from person to person, and little is known about how to accurately predict and detect these individual sleep-deprivation deficits.
Increase in lifestyle-related cancers over past decade spotlights need for prevention Lifestyle-related cancers, such as lung, colorectal, and skin cancers, have increased globally over the past decade, according to the most comprehensive analysis of cancer-related health outcomes and patterns ever conducted.
	Study of acute myeloid leukemia patients shows protein inhibitor drug safe and effective with durable remissions Ivosidenib, an experimental drug that inhibits a protein often mutated in several cancers has been shown to be safe, resulting in durable remissions, in a study of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with relapsed or refractory disease.
Blood test shows potential for early detection of lung cancer A test that analyzes free-floating DNA in the blood may be able to detect early-stage lung cancer, a preliminary report from the ongoing Circulating Cell-Free Genome Atlas (CCGA) study suggests.
	Long-term IMPACT data find improved survival when targeted therapies matched to tumor-specific gene mutations Matching targeted therapies to tumor-specific gene mutations across tumor types improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced disease relative to those receiving non-matched treatment (NMT), according to research from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. The researchers also found that receiving matched targeted therapy (MTT) was an independent factor for predicting longer OS.
	Erdafitinib shows promise in urothelial cancer patients with specific mutations In an international Phase II trial led by researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, treatment with the oral FGFR inhibitor erdafitinib (ERDA) was well-tolerated and achieved a robust response for patients with metastatic urothelial, or urinary tract, cancers harboring mutations in the FGFR3 gene.
	Landmark study finds more breast cancer patients can safely forgo chemotherapy A 21-gene test performed on tumors could enable most patients with the most common type of early breast cancer to safely forgo chemotherapy, according to a landmark study published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
	Trial shows how PET scans help tailor therapy for esophageal cancer Survival results for the CALGB 80303 Trial presented today at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting 2018 demonstrate that esophageal cancer patients shown by PET scan to be non-responders to induction chemotherapy, and were then switched to a new chemotherapy during chemoradiation, showed median overall survival of 27 months. This improves on 18-month median overall survival of previous studies that used the same chemotherapy with non-responders during induction and chemoradiation treatment phases. Patients who were shown by PET to be responders to induction chemotherapy with the regimen FOLFOX and then stayed on FOLFOX during chemoradiation showed 55 percent 4-year survival, the best ever outcome reported for patients with this disease.
	Updated Phase 1 results of crizotinib against MET-amplified lung cancer The drug crizotinib has activity against a number of genetic targets relevant to non-small cell lung cancer, already earning FDA-approval against ALK- and ROS1-positive lung cancers. Now updated phase 1 clinical trial results presented at the American Association for Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting 2018 show a 40 percent response rate and 6.7-month median progression-free survival from crizotinib in highly MET-amplified non-small cell lung cancer, as well. The study also identifies new criteria to define "highly MET-amplified" cancer, adjusting the number of MET copies down from 5 per chromosome to 4 per chromosome. By lowering the bar for "high MET amplification", the study suggests that crizotinib may benefit more MET-amplified patients than previously thought.
	Positive results for phase 1 trial of ivosidenib against AML Early phase clinical trial results presented today at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting 2018 of 258 patients with IDH1+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with the IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib show an overall response rate of 41.9 percent, with median progression free survival of 8.2 months. Twenty-four percent of patients achieved a complete response.
	ALEX trial results show alectinib further outpacing crizotinib in ALK+ NSCLC Updated results of the global phase III ALEX trial comparing alectinib with crizotinib as first-line treatment against ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer show a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 34.8 months in 152 patients treated with alectinib versus 10.9 months in 151 patients treated with crizotinib.
	Many breast cancer patients can skip chemo, big study finds Most women with the most common form of early-stage breast cancer can safely skip chemotherapy without hurting their chances of beating the disease, doctors are reporting from a landmark study that used genetic testing to gauge each patient's risk.
Targeted cancer treatments far outperform traditional methods Cancer treatments that attack tumors based on their individual genetic traits—not their location in the body—far outperform traditional methods, extending survival for twice as many patients, a study said Saturday.
	Study offers new hope for the fight against genetically determined obesity Around 2 to 6 percent of all people with obesity develop the condition in early childhood. Obesity-causal mutations in one of the 'appetite genes' gives them a strong genetic predisposition for developing obesity, also called monogenic obesity. Their experience of hunger is overruling and their feeling of satiety limited.
Spironolactone may be an alternative to antibiotics in women's acne treatment In a finding that suggests the potential for practice change that would reduce the use of antibiotics in dermatology, researchers in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania have found the diuretic drug spironolactone may be just as effective as antibiotics for the treatment of women's acne. The study, published this month in the Journal of Drugs and Dermatology, found patients who were originally prescribed spironolactone changed to a different drug within one year at almost the same rate as those who were prescribed antibiotics. The prescription change is a proxy for ineffectiveness, since switching is often the result of treatment failure due to lack of efficacy, side effects, cost, or other factors.
Improving patient transfer from ICU to ward: Resources, communication and culture A new study has identified important factors that can improve the transfer of patients from the intensive care unit (ICU) to a general hospital ward, a high-risk transition in which breakdowns in communication, medical errors and adverse events resulting in readmission can occur. The research, published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal) includes patient and health care provider perspectives that identify resource availability, communications and institutional culture as key factors to be addressed.
	Hepatitis C guideline recommends screening for all people born 1945-1975 A key recommendation in a new Canadian guideline on managing chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is to screen all people born between 1945 and 1975 for the disease, a departure from previous guidelines. The guideline, which contains comprehensive recommendations for diagnosing and managing the disease in diverse patient populations, is published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
Study shows taking aspirin before or after coronary artery bypass graft is associated with a lower risk of death New research presented at this year's Euroanaesthesia congress in Copenhagen, Denmark shows that in patients undergoing a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, taking aspirin before and after surgery is associated with an 18% to 34% reduced mortality risk after 4 years. The study is by Professor Jianzhong Sun, Director of Clinical Outcomes Research at the Department of Anesthesiology, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospitals, Philadelphia, and colleagues.
Study reveals hypnosedation as an effective alternative to general anesthesia for various surgeries New research presented at this year's Euroanaesthesia congress in Copenhagen, Denmark shows that hypnosedation is a valuable alternative to conventional general anaesthesia.
	Inadequate sleep could cost countries billions Inadequate sleep is a public health problem affecting more than one in three adults worldwide. A new study in the journal Sleep, published by Oxford University Press, suggests that insufficient sleep could also have grave economic consequences.
	Asthma and flu: a double whammy Asthma and respiratory viruses don't go well together. Weakened by the common cold or the flu, a person suffering an asthma attack often responds poorly to emergency treatment; some must be hospitalized. This is especially true for preschoolers.
	Seniors scrimp but still spend more for meds Medicare recipients filled fewer prescriptions for pricey brand-name drugs—but spent more on such meds anyway, says a government report due out Monday. It blames rising manufacturer prices for squeezing older people and taxpayers.
	California on front line as STDs run rampant in US A billboard on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood screams out a stark warning: "drug-resistant gonorrhea alert!"
Limited health literacy is a major barrier to heart disease prevention and treatment Limited healthy literacy is a major barrier blocking many people from achieving good cardiovascular health or benefiting from effective treatment for heart attacks, heart failure, strokes and other cardiovascular diseases, according to a scientific statement published in the American Heart Association's journal Circulation.
	When push comes to shove: Airway cells propel liver cancer spread to lungs Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer, and the third biggest cause of death from cancer worldwide. Although HCC patients have benefited from recent improvements in diagnoses and various therapies, their average survival time is still only 16.2 months, falling to just under 6 months in those whose cancer has spread to their lungs.
Study shows nail treatments do not affect readings of patients' oxygen levels, despite widespread concern New research at this year's Euroanaesthesia congress in Copenhagen, Denmark, suggests that nail treatments such as acrylic nails or nail polishes do not, as previously thought, affect readings from digital pulse oximetry (DPO) devices used to monitor patients' blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels in hospital.
Timing resuscitation compressions using the song 'La Macarena' to improve compression quality New research presented at this year's Euroanaesthesia congress in Copenhagen, Denmark, shows that the quality of chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can be improved by using either a smartphone app or by using the song "La Macarena" as a mental memory aid.
	Eating disorders are hard to overcome, but ditching diets is crucial Eating disorders affect at least 30 million Americans and have the highest mortality rates of any mental disorder. Those who survive eating disorders often have a long, difficult journey ahead of them.
Genetic testing for statin therapy not cost-effective Current United States Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines call for screening all Americans between the ages of 40 and 75 years to determine eligibility for statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering medications. To screen patients, physicians calculate a 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score for experiencing a heart attack or stroke, taking into account traditional risk factors such as age, smoking, high blood pressure, and cholesterol. Under the USPSTF guidelines, individuals with high 10-year ASCVD risk score (10 percent or higher) are recommended to begin taking statins; however, the decision about whether or not to prescribe statins in individuals with scores in the intermediate range (5 percent to 10 percent) is less clear.
	In MS, disintegrating brain lesions may indicate the disease is getting worse For decades, clinicians treating multiple sclerosis (MS) have interpreted the appearance of new or expanding brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans as a sign that a patient's disease is getting worse. Now, University at Buffalo researchers are finding that it may be the atrophy or disappearance of these lesions into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that is a better indicator of who will develop disability.
	Voluntary admissions do not reduce coercion among psychiatric patients Since 2013, severely ill psychiatric patients in Denmark have been able to decide when to admit themselves to hospital without having to first go to the emergency department for evaluation.
	Self-admissions can improve patients' ability to manage their illness Helene Egvang has suffered from bipolar disorder since she was 17. A large part of her life swings between depression and mania. The worst situation is where a deep depression accompanies mania. It is at these times that she is most often admitted to hospital.
	Why hip fractures in the elderly are often a death sentence The news an elderly relative has broken a hip tends to sound alarm bells, perhaps more than breaking another bone would. That's because a hip fracture dramatically increases an older person's risk of death.
	Some people with advanced kidney cancer could avoid surgery The targeted drug sunitinib (Sutent) is as effective alone as when it's combined with surgery for some people with advanced kidney cancer, according to a clinical trial.
	Study links neighborhood factors, breast cancer rates in African-American women Neighborhood characteristics such as racial composition and poverty rates are associated with increased risks of late-stage breast cancer diagnoses and higher mortality rates among urban black women, a new analysis of recent breast cancer research shows.
	The search for the origin of mast cells A team of researchers from CNRS, INSERM and Aix-Marseille Université (AMU) at the Centre of immunology (Marseille-Luminy (CIML), together with the Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN)1, has proven that not all of the immune system's important mast cells are produced in bone marrow, as was previously thought. Scientists found embryonic mast cells in mice with functions that are likely to be different than the mast cells found in adults. The study appears in the June 2018 edition of Immunity.
	New test can predict diabetic kidney disease before it occurs A new test developed by researchers from The University of Western Australia that can reliably predict the onset of diabetic kidney disease up to four years in advance has been given the green light for use.
	Kenya must wake up to the threat of an outbreak of Rift Valley fever Heavy rainfall in Kenya has left a trail of destruction in parts of the country, leading to deaths and rendering roads impassable. Some rivers have burst their banks and dams have overflown for the first time in many years.
	Porn viewers prefer women's pleasure over violence: study Is mainstream pornography becoming more and more violent? And if so, what's driving the trend.
Drug combination slows growth of most common type of advanced breast cancer The combination of taselisib and fulvestrant has shown to slow the growth of cancer in post-menopausal women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) negative, PIK3CA-mutant, inoperable, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Researchers from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) presented this data, from the SANDPIPER trial, in a press conference at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. This combination of a mutant-selective PI3K inhibitor and a selective estrogen receptor degrader halted the growth of advanced breast cancer for two months longer than hormone therapy alone and decreased the chance of cancer worsening by 30 percent.
	Many women with breast cancer may not need chemo, but beware misleading headlines Findings from a major international clinical trial suggest a significant number of women with the most common form of early-stage breast cancer do not need chemotherapy after surgery.
	Spending time alone in nature is good for your mental and emotional health Today Americans live in a world that thrives on being busy, productive and overscheduled. Further, they have developed the technological means to be constantly connected to others and to vast options for information and entertainment through social media. For many, smartphones demand their attention day and night with constant notifications.
Peruvian rainforest plants have anti-malarial activity An Atlas-award winning study reported in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology has found that traditional uses of medicinal plants in the Peruvian rainforest are, to a large extent, backed up by science. Samples taken from plants identified by people from the Iquitos-Nauta road communities and studied in the lab have been found to contain extracts that are harmful to protozoan parasites responsible for malaria and other infectious conditions common in the tropics.
	Dementia patients could remain at home longer thanks to ground breaking technology Innovative new technology will enable people with dementia to receive round the clock observation and live independently in their own homes, a new study in the Journal PLOS One reports.
AI plus ovarian suppression yields benefit in high-risk younger breast cancer patients Premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer and a high risk of recurrence who are treated with an aromatase inhibitor plus ovarian function suppression may gain 10 to 15 percent improvement in freedom from distant recurrence at eight years, according to a new clinical trial analysis reported at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. The overall results of the TEXT and SOFT trials were concurrently published in the New England Journal of Medicine today.
	New optical probes allow ultrafast imaging of dopamine activity in the brain UC Davis neuroscientist Lin Tian and her team, Tommaso Patriarchi, Gerard Broussard and Ruqiang Liang, have developed fluorescence sensors that are opening a new era for the optical recording of dopamine activity in the living brain.
	Study links screen time to insomnia symptoms and depressive symptoms in adolescents Preliminary results from a new study indicate that greater amounts of daily screen time are associated with more insomnia symptoms and shorter sleep duration among adolescents.
	New algorithm determines ideal caffeine dosage and timing for alertness According to a recent study, a newly developed algorithm may be the key to optimizing alertness with caffeine.
	Study links short and long sleep durations with excess heart age Preliminary results from a new study show that excess heart age (EHA) appeared to be lowest among adults who reported sleeping seven hours per 24-hour period.
Sleep paralysis and hallucinations are prevalent in student athletes Pilot data from a recent study suggest that sleep paralysis and dream-like hallucinations as you are falling asleep or waking up are widespread in student athletes and are independently associated with symptoms of depression. This study is the first to examine the relationship between these sleep symptoms and mental health in student athletes, independent of insufficient sleep duration or insomnia.
Forced court appearances make cops more tired, generate more citizen complaints Results from a new study conducted by researchers at Washington State University and Central Queensland University suggest that complaints against U.S. police officers increase when they work consecutive night shifts. The odds of citizen complaints increase even more when night shift officers are required to make daytime court appearances in-between night shifts when they would otherwise be resting up for their next shift.
Acute coronary syndrome patients with short sleep have double odds of hospital readmission Pilot data from a recent study suggest that patients with short sleep have over two times the odds of readmission than those with sufficient sleep duration during the month following acute coronary syndrome evaluation.
NFL teams play better during night games thanks to circadian advantages Pilot data from a recent study suggest that NFL teams have better performance during night games versus afternoon games due to advantages from circadian rhythms.
TAILORx trial finds most women with early breast cancer do not benefit from chemotherapy New findings from the groundbreaking Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment (Rx), or TAILORx trial, show no benefit from chemotherapy for 70 percent of women with the most common type of breast cancer. The study found that for women with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative, axillary lymph node¬-negative breast cancer, treatment with chemotherapy and hormone therapy after surgery is not more beneficial than treatment with hormone therapy alone. The new data, released at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting in Chicago, will help inform treatment decisions for many women with early-stage breast cancer.
Upgrading the toolbox for Duchenne muscular dystrophy research with a new rabbit model Scientists rely on the use of animal models to improve our understanding of lethal muscle-wasting disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and to develop safe new therapies. A newly developed rabbit model, created through the use of CRISPR/Cas-9 genome editing, exhibits greater clinical similarity to human patients than the mouse models currently in use, with huge potential to advance DMD research.
	Childhood cancer survivors more likely to experience sleep problems as adults Preliminary results from a study of childhood cancer survivors show that they are more likely to experience sleep problems and daytime sleepiness as adults, and those who report poor sleep have a greater likelihood of persistent or worsened emotional distress.
Poor sleep at night could mean decreased work productivity in the morning Preliminary results from a new study suggest that several sleep-related symptoms are associated with decreased work productivity.
	Preschool program preps kids for academic success through elementary school A program that helps low-income parents prepare their children for school has benefits that extend beyond kindergarten and into into third grade, according to Penn State researchers.
First study of neoadjuvant use of PARP inhibitor shows promise for early-stage, BRCA+ breast cancer patients In a small Phase II study of early-stage breast cancer patients with BRCA1/2 mutations, researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center found that more than half of the women who took the PARP inhibitor talazoparib once daily prior to surgery had no evidence of disease at the time of surgery. If further validated in larger, confirmatory trials, the oral medication could replace chemotherapy for these patients.
Checkpoint inhibitor shrinks advanced squamous cell skin cancer Clinical trials show that an immune checkpoint inhibitor shrinks the tumors of nearly half of patients with an incurable, advanced form of a common skin cancer, an international team led by a researcher at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center reports in the New England Journal of Medicine.
	T cells alone are sufficient to establish and maintain HIV infection in the brain A new study by University of North Carolina School of Medicine researchers has found that T cells, a type of white blood cell and an essential part of the immune system, are sufficient by themselves to establish and maintain an HIV infection in the brain.
Medicaid expansion increases volume and quality of care in rural areas The Virginia legislature recently voted to expand Medicaid, joining 32 states and the District of Columbia in accepting federal dollars to do so under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The decision comes as the Trump administration and many congressional Republicans seek to shrink the program through repeals, spending caps, and block grants, or through work requirements and other waivers to limit eligibility.
	Preventable deaths from lack of high-quality medical care cost trillions Deaths from treatable conditions may cost the world trillions of dollars each year, according to a newly published analysis led by Harvard Medical School researchers believed to be the first to quantify the economic impact of insufficient access to high-quality medical care.
Preschool and school-age irritability predict reward-related brain function Preschool irritability and concurrent irritability were uniquely associated with aberrant patterns of reward-related brain connectivity, highlighting the importance of developmental timing of irritability for brain function, finds a study published in the June 2018 issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JAACAP).
	Study: Exercise mitigates genetic effects of obesity later in life If you're up there in age and feel like you can coast as a couch potato, you may want to reconsider. A new study suggests, for the first time in women over age 70, that working up a sweat can reduce the influence one's genes have on obesity.
Researchers pioneer new eczema treatment Eczema is the most common and stubborn skin disease in the world, but a study led by Dr. Donald Leung of the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus is offering new hope for those with atopic dermatitis.
	Licking cancer: US postal stamp helped fund key breast study Countless breast cancer patients in the future will be spared millions of dollars of chemotherapy thanks in part to something that millions of Americans did that cost them just pennies: bought a postage stamp.
Non-pharmacologic approaches improve outcomes for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome A quality improvement (QI) initiative at Boston Medical Center that focused on using non-pharmacologic approaches to care for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) yielded positive short-term outcomes for both the mothers and infants. The results, published in the Journal of Perinatology, showed a decrease in medication use, length of stay, and health care costs.
	How does alcohol influence the development of Alzheimer's disease? Research from the University of Illinois at Chicago has found that some of the genes affected by alcohol and inflammation are also implicated in processes that clear amyloid beta—the protein that forms globs of plaques in the brain and which contributes to neuronal damage and the cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease.
	Drug may spare some kidney cancer patients from organ removal (HealthDay)—Many people with advanced kidney cancer might not need to have their kidneys removed during treatment, something that until now has been standard practice.
	Cancer drug keytruda a new weapon against advanced lung tumors (HealthDay)—A cancer drug that boosts the immune system outperforms chemotherapy in fighting advanced lung cancer, a new trial shows.
	High-calorie foods fit for a diet (HealthDay)—Not every food you eat has to be low-calorie when you want to lose weight.
	Extended chemo extends life for children with rare cancer (HealthDay)—Children suffering from rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare cancer of the muscle tissue, may have better chances for a cure if they have extended chemotherapy, a new study finds.
	Research reveals unfavorable beliefs about frozen vegetables (HealthDay)—Individuals have a negative bias toward frozen vegetables, according to a study published in the Aug. 1 issue of Appetite.
	Benefit of liposomal bupivacaine for pain in TKA questioned (HealthDay)—Liposomal bupivacaine use in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty is not associated with clinically meaningful reductions in inpatient opioid use, resource utilization, or opioid-related complications, according to a study published online May 21 in Anesthesiology.
	ASCO: Pembrolizumab superior for initial Tx of advanced NSCLC (HealthDay)—For patients with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-expressing locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pembrolizumab is associated with better overall survival than chemotherapy, regardless of the PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS), according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, held from June 1 to 5 in Chicago.
	No new adverse events reported for DTaP vaccination (HealthDay)—No new or unexpected safety issues have been identified in association with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines in the United States, according to a study published online June 4 in Pediatrics.
	Case shows biotin can interfere with multiple endocrine tests (HealthDay)—Biotin, which is included in many hair, skin, and nail growth over-the-counter products, can affect multiple hormone levels, according to a case study published online May 10 in the Journal of the Endocrine Society.
New cardiac pump device more effective, less costly than standard pump In a presentation at the annual meeting of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, and in a simultaneous publication in Circulation, investigators from Brigham and Women's Hospital presented evidence that a next-generation cardiac pump device not only improves long-term outcomes but may also decrease cost of care over time for heart failure patients. The research team analyzed results from the MOMENTUM 3 trial, which compared two devices: The HeartMate II (current generation) and HeartMate 3 (a novel, centrifugal-flow pump), both manufactured by Abbott, Inc., which sponsored the study.
Study finds 2.6 percent mortality rate among children hospitalized for stroke A major international study has found that 2.6 percent of infants and children hospitalized for stroke die in the hospital.
	High-sensitivity troponin test reduces risk of future heart attack The newer high-sensitivity troponin test discovers smaller amounts of heart-specific proteins, troponins, than the older troponin test and thus identifies more myocardial infarction patients than before. A new study from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden published in The Journal of the American College of Cardiology now reports that the risk of a future heart attack is lower in patients diagnosed with the new test.
	Inflammatory signals in heart muscle cells linked to atrial fibrillation Interfering with inflammatory signals produced by heart muscle cells might someday provide novel therapeutic strategies for atrial fibrillation, according to an international team of researchers who have published their findings in the journal Circulation.
	Training the next generation of One Health professionals Since 2002, an increasing number of institutions and universities have been developing educational programs related to a One Health approach. There are now at least 45 programs in the U.S. alone. "One Health" recognizes that the health of people is connected to the health of animals and the environment.
	Gap in substance abuse data could have long-term implications, study finds Due to a change in federal regulation, from 2013-2017, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) redacted any health care encounter that included a diagnosis or procedure code related to substance abuse from the Medicare and Medicaid identifiable files. The result was difficult-to-identify gaps in claims data commonly used by researchers, policy analysts, clinicians, health care administrators, and others. To better understand the impact of the missing substance abuse data claims, a team of researchers from The Dartmouth Institute and the University of Michigan calculated the effect of redaction on prevalence estimates of common chronic conditions, such as hepatitis C and depression, as well as on inpatient use and spending.
	Stressful jobs are associated with a higher risk of heart rhythm disorders Having a stressful job is associated with a higher risk of a heart rhythm disorder called atrial fibrillation, according to research published today in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, a European Society of Cardiology (ESC) journal.
Current marketing health claims for 'sexbots' misleading The current marketing health claims made for 'sexbots'—lifelike robots specifically created for sexual gratification—are misleading as there is no good evidence to back them up, suggest experts in an editorial published online in BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health.
	Doctors drive 3,000 miles to state conversation on male body image Even though men don't often talk about their body insecurities, a new survey finds it's something that's certainly on their minds. Instead of discussing the issue or seeking advice from their doctors, men often turn to supplements and extreme workout regimens to change their bodies. A national survey commissioned by Orlando Health finds that 90 percent of men have changed their daily habits to reach their fitness goals. While it's common and healthy to adopt some lifestyle changes, millennials are much more likely than any age group to go to extremes, like using supplements (51 percent) and working out more than four days per week (56 percent).
The effects of virtual reality on reducing anxiety and improving pregnancy rates for fertility treatment New research presented at this year's Euroanaesthesia congress in Copenhagen, Denmark, shows that giving women different types of virtual reality (VR) sessions prior to sedation for IVF treatment reduces their anxiety and could improve successful pregnancy rates. The study was conducted by Professor Fabienne Roelants, Saint-Luc Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, and colleagues.
	How stigma impacts LGB health and wellbeing in Australia Research in Australia and internationally has documented poor health and wellbeing among LGBTQI people compared to heterosexual people. What's less understood are the reasons why.
New findings demonstrate how the food we eat affects biochemical signals in the gut For years, researchers have studied how the body's microbiome impacts virtually every aspect of human health ranging from the immune system to mental wellness. But, a recent study led by a multi-institutional research team, including the University of Maryland, several institutions in South Korea, and Purdue University, sheds new light on how the food we eat can affect the biochemical signaling processes in the gut microbiome.
	Brain structure may predict diet success Differences in the structure of the prefrontal cortex predict an individual's ability to make healthier food choices, according to a new analysis of previous research in healthy men and women. The paper, published in JNeurosci, suggests an important role of these anatomical markers in decisions that have long-term effects on health and wellbeing.
	How binging creates alcohol tolerance in flies Repeated exposure to large quantities of alcohol may lead to tolerance by reducing the activity of a protein that regulates communication between neurons, according to a study of fruit flies published in eNeuro.
	Speed-accuracy tradeoff turns up gain in the brain Widespread changes in neural activity enable people to quickly make a decision by "turning up the gain in the brain," suggests a human study published in eNeuro. The findings help to resolve a central issue in our understanding of decision-making.
Digital, mobile advances will define future of cardiology The future of cardiovascular care will be transformed by advances in artificial intelligence, digital health technology, and mobile as a means to prevent and treat heart disease, according to several review articles published today in a Journal of the American College of Cardiology Focus Seminar on the Future Technology of Cardiovascular Care.
	Novel PET imaging noninvasively pinpoints colitis inflammation A novel positron emission tomography (PET) imaging method shows promise for noninvasively pinpointing sites of inflammation in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), study is featured in the June issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.
More frequent screening after prostate cancer treatment not linked to improved survival Prostate cancer patients who were monitored more frequently after treatment did not live significantly longer than patients who were monitored once a year, according to study findings led by a University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center researcher.
NCI-MATCH precision medicine clinical trial releases new findings The National Cancer Institute's Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (NCI-MATCH) trial, the largest precision medicine trial of its kind, has achieved a milestone with the release of results from several treatment arms, or sub-studies, of the trial. The new results offer findings of interest for future cancer research that could ultimately play a role in bringing targeted treatments to patients with certain gene abnormalities, regardless of their cancer type.
New study finds plant protein, fiber, nuts lower cholesterol, improve blood pressure A new meta-analysis published in the journal Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases finds that a diet that includes plant protein, fiber, nuts, and plant sterols lowers cholesterol, improves blood pressure, and improves other markers for cardiovascular disease risk.
Intensive management for sicker patients increases outpatient care but not costs Intensive management of patients at high-risk for hospitalization increases use of outpatient care but does not increase overall costs. While the costs associated with caring for these patients were not reduced, researchers found that the costs shifted from inpatient to outpatient services. Findings from the Department of Veterans Affairs study are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.

Biology news

	Guppies change their eye color to deter rivals Tiny fish called Trinidadian guppies turn their eyes black to warn other fish when they are feeling aggressive, new research shows.
	A filthy first—the six common types of disgust that protect us from disease revealed Disgust has long been recognised as an emotion which evolved to help our ancestors avoid infection, but now researchers have been able to show the human disgust system is likely to be structured around the people, practices and objects that pose disease risk.
	Bonobos have human-like sense of disgust, researchers find Even bonobos lose their appetites with enough if they experience disgust. These primates, known for their liberal attitudes toward sex, are also generally open-minded when it comes to new foods—as long as it's is clean.
	New study corroborates role of wildlife in regulating the world's plants Everyone knows that plants are eaten by animals, but how important is this basic process in structuring plant communities? In a study published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, ASE Research Fellow Dr. Matthew Scott Luskin and co-authors, use data from across the world to investigate the impacts of plant-eating animals, known as herbivores, on land ecosystems.
	Scientists link ocean dispersal of baby fish with ecology of adults Populations of fish in the ocean are notoriously variable, waxing and waning in often unpredictable ways. Knowing what drives changes in fish population sizes is important for managing fisheries and conserving species.
	A change in bacteria's genetic code holds promise of longer-lasting drugs By altering the genetic code in bacteria, researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have demonstrated a method to make therapeutic proteins more stable, an advance that would improve the drugs' effectiveness and convenience, leading to smaller and less frequent doses of medicine, lower health care costs and fewer side effects for patients with cancer and other diseases.
	Toxic toad invasion puts Madagascar's predators at risk, genetic evidence confirms The recent introduction of the common Asian toad to Madagascar has led to fears that the toxic amphibian could wreak havoc on the island's already severely threatened fauna. Now, researchers report genetic evidence in the journal Current Biology on June 4 showing that those fears are well founded: virtually all predators native to Madagascar are highly sensitive to toad toxins. If they should eat the toads, it would be a potentially fatal mistake.
	Bright warning colors on poison dart frogs also act as camouflage Poison dart frogs are well known for their deadly toxins and bright colours, which have made them a classic example of warning coloration.
	Mixed signals from poisonous moths Poisonous moths use bright red spots to warn predators to avoid them—but natural variation in these wing markings doesn't provide clear indications of how toxic individual moths might be—new research shows.
	Just like humans, these monkeys can plan their routes—but most prefer not to They might not have mastered GPS technology, but vervet monkeys can solve multi-destination routes in the same way humans do.
Two-step process underpins upkeep of key protein in cell division Scientists have shed light on a key aspect of healthy cell division, helping build a clearer picture of the complex mechanisms involved.
	Try togetherness: Study promotes cooperative weed management to curb herbicide resistance In the fight against herbicide resistance, farmers are working with a shrinking toolkit. Waterhemp, a weedy nemesis of corn and soybean farmers, has developed resistance to multiple herbicide modes of action, often in the same plant. Even farmers using the latest recommendations for tank mixtures are fighting an uphill battle, with long-distance movement of pollen and seeds bringing the potential for new types of resistance into their fields each year.
	Researchers study aquatic beetles native only to central Wyoming University of Wyoming researchers are shedding light on a rare aquatic beetle native only to central Wyoming.

---

This email is a free service of Science X Network
You received this email because you subscribed to our list.
If you do not wish to receive such emails in the future, please unsubscribe here.
You are subscribed as jmabs1@gmail.com. You may manage your subscription options from your Science X profile