| | Resistance to prostate-cancer treatment is driven by immune cells
Prostate-cancer treatment usually fails after time as resistance to therapy develops. It emerges from studies of mice and human cells that a population of immune cells can cause this type of treatment resistance.
Matthew D. Galsky | Structure of a human synaptic GABAA receptor
The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the type A GABA receptor bound to GABA and the benzodiazepine site antagonist flumazenil reveals structural mechanisms that underlie intersubunit interactions and ligand selectivity of the receptor.
Shaotong Zhu, Colleen M. Noviello, Jinfeng Teng et al. | Hippocampal neurogenesis confers stress resilience by inhibiting the ventral dentate gyrus
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus confers resilience to chronic stress in mice by inhibiting the activity of mature granule cells in the ventral dentate gyrus.
Christoph Anacker, Victor M. Luna, Gregory S. Stevens et al. | The helicase Ded1p controls use of near-cognate translation initiation codons in 5′ UTRs
The helicase Ded1p associates with the pre-initiation complex and influences translation from near-cognate initiation codons by controlling the levels of mRNA secondary structure in 5′ untranslated regions.
Ulf-Peter Guenther, David E. Weinberg, Meghan M. Zubradt et al. | Induction of innate immune memory via microRNA targeting of chromatin remodelling factors
The microRNAs miR-221 and miR-222 regulate the reprogramming of macrophages during the development of lipopolysaccharide tolerance, and increased expression of these microRNAs is associated with immunosuppression and poor prognosis in patients with sepsis.
John J. Seeley, Rebecca G. Baker, Ghait Mohamed et al. | Cryo-EM structure of an essential Plasmodium vivax invasion complex
Structural studies show that conserved residues in Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte-binding protein 2b determine interactions with transferrin receptor 1 that are essential for host invasion, suggesting avenues for designing vaccines that work across P. vivax strains.
Jakub Gruszczyk, Rick K. Huang, Li-Jin Chan et al. | Superfast DNA replication causes damage in cancer cells
Inhibitors of PARP proteins are used in cancer treatment. It emerges that PARP inhibitors exert their effect by accelerating DNA replication to a speed at which DNA damage occurs.
Annabel Quinet, Alessandro Vindigni | OTULIN limits cell death and inflammation by deubiquitinating LUBAC
OTULIN, which removes ubiquitin chains deposited by LUBAC, promotes LUBAC activity by preventing its auto-ubiquitination, thereby supporting normal mouse embryo development and preventing pro-inflammatory cell death in adult mice.
Klaus Heger, Katherine E. Wickliffe, Ada Ndoja et al. | Robust relationship between air quality and infant mortality in Africa
A 10 μg m−3 increase in the concentration of ambient respirable particulate matter is associated with a 9% rise in infant mortality in Africa and this increase is not affected by household wealth.
Sam Heft-Neal, Jennifer Burney, Eran Bendavid et al. | Acquired resistance to IDH inhibition through trans or cis dimer-interface mutations
A new mechanism of acquired clinical resistance in two patients with acute myeloid leukaemia driven by mutant IDH2 is described, in which a second-site mutation on the wild-type allele induces therapeutic resistance to IDH2 inhibitors.
Andrew M. Intlekofer, Alan H. Shih, Bo Wang et al. | IL-23 secreted by myeloid cells drives castration-resistant prostate cancer
IL-23 produced by myeloid-derived suppressor cells regulates castration resistance in prostate cancer by sustaining androgen receptor signalling.
Arianna Calcinotto, Clarissa Spataro, Elena Zagato et al. | Non-gravitational acceleration in the trajectory of 1I/2017 U1 (‘Oumuamua)
'Oumuamua—the first known interstellar object to have entered the Solar System—is probably a comet, albeit with unusual dust and chemical properties owing to its origin in a distant solar system.
Marco Micheli, Davide Farnocchia, Karen J. Meech et al. | High speed of fork progression induces DNA replication stress and genomic instability
Inhibition of PARP is shown to accelerate the speed of replication fork elongation, which prevents fork stalling and induces DNA damage, with implications for genomic instability and cancer treatment.
Apolinar Maya-Mendoza, Pavel Moudry, Joanna Maria Merchut-Maya et al. | Parasitic helminths induce fetal-like reversion in the intestinal stem cell niche
Larvae of the parasitic helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus induce granuloma formation and a fetal-like developmental program in granuloma-associated crypts of infected adult mice.
Ysbrand M. Nusse, Adam K. Savage, Pauline Marangoni et al. | Estimate suggests many infant deaths in sub-Saharan Africa attributable to air pollution
A carefully considered observational study estimates that up to 22% of infant deaths in sub-Saharan Africa could be prevented by improving air quality — a value much higher than previous estimates.
Lance A. Waller | Low-temperature crystallization of granites and the implications for crustal magmatism
Thermobarometry and diffusion modelling in quartz crystals show that some granites may crystallize at much lower temperatures than we had thought, possibly explaining observations of cold magma storage.
Michael R. Ackerson, B. O. Mysen, N. D. Tailby et al. | Multifunctional ferrofluid-infused surfaces with reconfigurable multiscale topography
By infusing a ferrofluid into a microstructured matrix and applying a magnetic field, dynamic, multiscale topographical reconfigurations emerge, enabling functions such as colloidal self-assembly, switchable adhesion and friction, and biofilm removal.
Wendong Wang, Jaakko V. I. Timonen, Andreas Carlson et al. | | | | | | | Benchtop Linear MALDI-TOF Mass Spec Providing a dependable, robust, and easy-to-maintain platform, Shimadzu's benchtop MALDI-8020 delivers sensitive detection and accurate mass determination by MALDI-TOF MS for routine analysis. Intuitive software simplifies operation and enables 21 CFR Part 11 compliance. Learn more. | | | | | | Triggers of tree mortality under drought
Because climate change is expected to intensify regional-scale droughts, it is important to identify the physiological thresholds that precipitate the mortality of trees and the mechanisms of recovery after drought.
Brendan Choat, Timothy J. Brodribb, Craig R. Brodersen et al. | | | Structure of the µ-opioid receptor–Gi protein complex
A cryo-electron structure of the µ-opioid receptor in complex with the peptide agonist DAMGO and the inhibitory G protein Gi reveals structural determinants of its G protein-binding specificity.
Antoine Koehl, Hongli Hu, Shoji Maeda et al. | | | Macromolecular organic compounds from the depths of Enceladus
The detection of complex organic molecules with masses higher than 200 atomic mass units in ice grains emitted from Enceladus indicates the presence of a thin organic-rich layer on top of the moon’s subsurface ocean.
Frank Postberg, Nozair Khawaja, Bernd Abel et al. | | A standing molecule as a single-electron field emitter
Precision control over matter at the atomic scale enables a planar dye molecule to be lifted up and placed on its edge—a configuration that is surprisingly stable.
Taner Esat, Niklas Friedrich, F. Stefan Tautz et al. | | A synaptic threshold mechanism for computing escape decisions
In the midbrain defensive circuit, the decision to escape is computed by an unreliable synaptic connection that thresholds threat information integrated in the medial superior colliculus, and controls activation of dorsal periaqueductal grey neurons.
Dominic A. Evans, A. Vanessa Stempel, Ruben Vale et al. | | | | | |
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