| | Structure of the adenosine-bound human adenosine A1 receptor–Gi complex
The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human adenosine A1 receptor in complex with adenosine and heterotrimeric Gi2 protein provides molecular insights into receptor and G-protein selectivity.
Christopher J. Draper-Joyce, Maryam Khoshouei, David M. Thal et al. | Codon-specific translation reprogramming promotes resistance to targeted therapy
Enzymes that catalyse modifications of wobble uridine 34 tRNA are essential for the survival of melanoma cells that rely on HIF1α-dependent metabolism through codon-dependent regulation of the translation of HIF1A mRNA.
Francesca Rapino, Sylvain Delaunay, Florian Rambow et al. | Epigenetic inheritance mediated by coupling of RNAi and histone H3K9 methylation
In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, histone H3K9 methylation acts synergistically with short interfering RNA to perpetuate gene silencing during multiple mitotic and meiotic cell divisions.
Ruby Yu, Xiaoyi Wang, Danesh Moazed | Self-assembly of highly symmetrical, ultrasmall inorganic cages directed by surfactant micelles
Machine-learning algorithms are used to generate single-particle three-dimensional reconstructions, revealing that highly symmetrical dodecahedral silica cages, around 10 nm in size, self-assemble in the presence of surfactant micelles.
Kai Ma, Yunye Gong, Tangi Aubert et al. | Decarboxylative sp3 C–N coupling via dual copper and photoredox catalysis
The synergistic combination of copper catalysis and photoredox catalysis forms sp3 C–N bonds in a rapid, room-temperature coupling protocol with high efficiencies and regioselectivities and a broad substrate scope.
Yufan Liang, Xiaheng Zhang, David W. C. MacMillan | Cryo-EM structure of the serotonin 5-HT1B receptor coupled to heterotrimeric Go
The high-resolution structure of the serotonin 5-HT1B receptor in complex with the agonist donitriptan and a Go heterotrimer highlights features that may underly the specificity of receptor–G-protein coupling and kinetics of signalling.
Javier García-Nafría, Rony Nehmé, Patricia C. Edwards et al. | Actin proteins assemble to protect the genome
The assembly of polymerized actin with motor proteins at DNA breaks in the nucleus supports the mobility and repair of DNA. This finding reveals a layer of regulation that helps to preserve genome integrity.
Vassilis Roukos | Nuclear ARP2/3 drives DNA break clustering for homology-directed repair
Polymerization of actin in the cell nucleus, promoted by the ARP2/3 complex, drives the clustering of double-strand DNA breaks into nuclear compartments where they can undergo homology-directed repair.
Benjamin R. Schrank, Tomas Aparicio, Yinyin Li et al. | A distinct abundant group of microbial rhodopsins discovered using functional metagenomics
An analysis based on functional metagenomics reveals a previously unknown group of microbial light-sensory rhodopsins that are widespread among a diverse range of microorganisms.
Alina Pushkarev, Keiichi Inoue, Shirley Larom et al. | A synaptic threshold mechanism for computing escape decisions
In the midbrain defensive circuit, the decision to escape is computed by an unreliable synaptic connection that thresholds threat information integrated in the medial superior colliculus, and controls activation of dorsal periaqueductal grey neurons.
Dominic A. Evans, A. Vanessa Stempel, Ruben Vale et al. | Weighing in on weight loss in pancreatic cancer
Weight loss and tissue wasting often occur in pancreatic cancer. Analyses of human and mouse data reveal a mechanism behind these events, and raise the question of whether tissue wasting affects cancer survival rates.
J. Matthias Löhr | Unexpected cell population gives fat a brake
Single-cell transcriptional profiling of stem and progenitor cells in fat tissue identifies distinct cell subpopulations, one of which inhibits fat growth by signalling to neighbouring cells.
David A. Guertin | Altered exocrine function can drive adipose wasting in early pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice induces loss of adipose tissue through altered function of the exocrine pancreas, and supplementing pancreatic enzymes attenuates the wasting of peripheral tissues induced by pancreatic cancer.
Laura V. Danai, Ana Babic, Michael H. Rosenthal et al. | Nuclear F-actin and myosins drive relocalization of heterochromatic breaks
Relocalization of heterochromatic double-strand breaks to the nuclear periphery in Drosophila cells occurs via directed motions driven by nuclear actin filaments and myosins activated by the Smc5/6 complex.
Christopher P. Caridi, Carla D’Agostino, Taehyun Ryu et al. | A naturally occurring antiviral ribonucleotide encoded by the human genome
Viperin inhibits the replication of various viruses by catalysing the conversion of CTP to ddhCTP, which is a unique nucleotide that functions as replication-chain terminator of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases.
Anthony S. Gizzi, Tyler L. Grove, Jamie J. Arnold et al. | A stromal cell population that inhibits adipogenesis in mammalian fat depots
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals that, in mice and humans, a population of cells in the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue regulates adipogenesis by suppressing adipocyte formation in a paracrine manner.
Petra C. Schwalie, Hua Dong, Magda Zachara et al. | A multiprotein supercomplex controlling oncogenic signalling in lymphoma
James D. Phelan, Ryan M. Young, Daniel E. Webster et al. | Twenty years of network science
The idea that everyone in the world is connected to everyone else by just six degrees of separation was explained by the ‘small-world’ network model 20 years ago. What seemed to be a niche finding turned out to have huge consequences.
Alessandro Vespignani | A molecular signature for social isolation identified in the brain
Extended social isolation causes debilitating effects in social mammals such as humans. A study in mice shows that the gene Tac2 is upregulated throughout the brains of socially isolated animals, driving massive behavioural changes.
Noga Zilkha, Tali Kimchi | Enantioselective remote meta-C–H arylation and alkylation via a chiral transient mediator
Remote, enantioselective C–H activation reactions can be achieved by relaying ortho-C–H activation to the meta position, using a chiral norbornene as the mediator.
Hang Shi, Alastair N. Herron, Ying Shao et al. | | | Loss of coral reef growth capacity to track future increases in sea level
Analyses of current coral reef growth rates in the tropical western Atlantic and Indian Ocean show that few reefs will have the capacity to track sea-level rise projections under Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios without sustained ecological recovery.
Chris T. Perry, Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip, Nicholas A. J. Graham et al. | | | Ballistic molecular transport through two-dimensional channels
Specular scattering of atoms of helium gas flowing through atomically flat, two-dimensional channels results in frictionless gas flow, which is much faster than expected assuming purely diffusive scattering.
A. Keerthi, A. K. Geim, A. Janardanan et al. | | Novel soil bacteria possess diverse genes for secondary metabolite biosynthesis
Metagenomic and soil microcosm analyses identify abundant biosynthetic gene clusters in genomes of microorganisms from a northern Californian grassland ecosystem that provide a potential source for the future development of bacterial natural products.
Alexander Crits-Christoph, Spencer Diamond, Cristina N. Butterfield et al. | | | | | |
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