Dear Reader ,
Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for November 28, 2017:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
Astronomy & Space news
 | Astronomers discover 21 changing-look active galactic nuclei(Phys.org)—A group of astronomers led by Qian Yang of the Peking University in Beijing, China, has detected 21 active galactic nuclei (AGN) of a rare type known as changing-look AGNs. The finding, reported November 22 in a paper published on arXiv.org, doubles the number of such objects known to date and could improve our understanding of evolution of AGNs. |
 | ALMA discovers infant stars surprisingly near galaxy's supermassive black holeAt the center of our galaxy, in the immediate vicinity of its supermassive black hole, is a region wracked by powerful tidal forces and bathed in intense ultraviolet light and X-ray radiation. These harsh conditions, astronomers surmise, do not favor star formation, especially low-mass stars like our sun. Surprisingly, new observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) suggest otherwise. |
 | Astronomers create most detailed radio image of nearby dwarf galaxyAstronomers at ANU have created the most detailed radio image of nearby dwarf galaxy, the Small Magellanic Cloud, revealing secrets of how it formed and how it is likely to evolve. |
 | Russia loses contact with satellite after launch from new spaceport (Update)Russia said it had lost contact Tuesday with a weather satellite just hours after it was launched from its Vostochny cosmodrome, in only the second rocket liftoff from the new spaceport. |
 | Image: Cassini's arrival and departureThese two images illustrate just how far Cassini traveled to get to Saturn. On the left is one of the earliest images Cassini took of the ringed planet, captured during the long voyage from the inner solar system. On the right is one of Cassini's final images of Saturn, showing the site where the spacecraft would enter the atmosphere on the following day. |
 | Antarctic selfie's journey to space via disruption tolerant networkingNASA is boosting cyber to space with benefits for Earth. On Nov. 20, 2017, a selfie snapped from the National Science Foundation's McMurdo Station in Antarctica demonstrated technology that can enable the future interplanetary internet. Called Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN), the technology is NASA's solution to reliable interplanetary data transmissions when vast distances or alignments of celestial bodies may disrupt communications. |
 | Fifty years ago, Jocelyn Bell discovered pulsars and changed our view of the universeA pulsar is a small, spinning star – a giant ball of neutrons, left behind after a normal star has died in a fiery explosion. |
 | Crossing drones with satellites—ESA eyes high-altitude aerial platformsESA is considering extending its activities to a new region of the sky via a novel type of aerial vehicle, a 'missing link' between drones and satellites. |
 | NASA begins checkout of Dellingr spacecraft designed to improve robustness of CubeSat platformsNASA ground controllers have begun checking out and commissioning a shoebox-sized spacecraft that the agency purposely built to show that CubeSat platforms could be cost-effective, reliable, and capable of gathering highly robust science. |
 | Microquasar study reveals the structure of faraway radio galaxiesResearchers from the Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the University of Barcelona (ICCUB) and the University of Jaén have described, for the first time, the structure of a Z-shaped galactic microquasar. This astronomical object is considered to be a small-scale version of a winged radio galaxy, so far considered among the distant potential emitters of gravitational waves. The main conclusion of the study, published in Nature Communications, is that not all winged radio galaxies are sources of gravitational waves. |
Technology news
 | A way to monitor vital signs without touching patients(Tech Xplore)—A pair of researchers at Cornell University has developed a new way to monitor vital signs in patients—one that does not require direct contact with the skin. In their paper published in the journal Nature Electronics, Xiaonan Hui and Edwin Kan describe the nature of the device and how it can be used. |
 | Researchers trained neural networks to be fashion designers (sort of)Researchers from the University of California San Diego and Adobe Research have demonstrated how artificial intelligence and neural networks could one day create custom apparel designs to help retailers and apparel makers sell clothing to consumers based on what they learned from a buyer's preferences. |
 | Bitcoin hits new records, heads for $10,000 as bubble fears growBitcoin soared to fresh records Tuesday, putting it on course for $10,000, but the virtual currency's stratospheric rise has fuelled fears of a bubble after a 10-fold increase this year. |
 | Capio is putting the 'smart' in 'smart car'One of the most popular tropes in sci-fi—be it James Bond, Knightrider, what have you—is the intelligent car sidekick. It can drive itself, see its surroundings, carry on conversations. With advances in autonomous vehicle and sensor technologies, engineers are every day bringing us closer to this science fiction reality. But when it comes to certain elements, such as intelligent navigation and conversation, the real world has fallen woefully behind. Until, that is, CMU-SV professor Ian Lane created Capio. |
 | Spotlight glare on Bitcoin as numbers show mining's energy use(Tech Xplore)—We heard in early studies that Bitcoin used much energy. Digiconomist can take us down memory lane when an investigation into the energy consumption of the Bitcoin network was conducted by Karl J. O'Dwyer and David Malone. According to Digiconomist, they found it plausible that the energy used by Bitcoin mining was comparable to Irish national energy consumption. |
 | Airbus, Rolls-Royce, Siemens working on hybrid planeAirbus, Siemens and Rolls-Royce are teaming up to develop a hybrid passenger plane that would use a single electric turbofan along with three conventional jet engines running on aviation fuel. |
 | System with thousands of Raspberry Pi nodes brings affordable testbed to supercomputing systemA quest to help the systems software community work on very large supercomputers without having to actually test on them has spawned an affordable, scalable system using thousands of inexpensive Raspberry Pi nodes. It brings a powerful high-performance-computing testbed to system-software developers, researchers, and others who lack machine time on the world's fastest supercomputers. |
New 3-D printer is ten times faster than commercial counterpartsMIT engineers have developed a new desktop 3-D printer that performs up to 10 times faster than existing commercial counterparts. Whereas the most common printers may fabricate a few Lego-sized bricks in one hour, the new design can print similarly sized objects in just a few minutes. | |
Identifying optimal adaptation of buildings threatened by hurricanes, climate changeThe need for adaptation strategies to reduce the threat of hurricanes to society is of critical importance, as evidenced by the recent damage to coastal regions in the U.S. and the Caribbean this past year. The fact that the number of residential buildings in coastal areas has increased significantly combined with the impacts of climate change means that the increase in hurricane intensity and frequency is likely to continue. | |
 | Tumblr founder leaving Yahoo-owned blogging platformTumblr founder and chief David Karp on Monday announced he is leaving the nearly 11-year-old blogging platform—with his departure coming in the wake of Verizon buying parent-company Yahoo. |
 | Bezos a $100 bn man as Amazon rises on cyber shoppingAmazon founder Jeff Bezos was a $100-billion man on Monday as the online retail colossus raked in cash from the holiday weekend's cyber shopping spree. |
 | Burkina Faso launches Sahel region's largest solar power plantWest Africa's biggest solar power plant goes onstream on Wednesday as Burkina Faso, one of the world's poorest countries, inaugurates a novel scheme to boost renewables and cut energy dependence on its neighbours. |
 | Greenpeace sounds alarm on nuclear safety with new break-inA group of Greenpeace activists broke into a French nuclear plant on Tuesday and scaled the walls of a building containing spent nuclear fuel to highlight security shortcomings at the facility. |
 | New computational method introduced for lighting in computer graphicsIn films, video games, virtual reality environments and other computer graphics arenas, lighting is key in achieving accurate depictions of our physical world. Computing lighting that looks real remains complex and inefficient, as the necessary consideration of all possible paths light can take remains too costly to be performed for every pixel in real-time. |
 | Airbag prevents tanker trucks from tipping overDr Erik Eenkhoorn has designed a system that can secure liquid loads, making the transport of bulk liquids much safer. Inflatable components prevent tanker trucks from tipping over, and reduce fuel consumption, as well. Erik Eenkhoorn recently graduated from the University of Twente with a thesis on this design. |
 | The new ticketing technology that may make scalping a thing of the pastAs new anti-scalping laws are introduced in Victoria, our research suggests that frustrations with current ticketing systems may be a contributing factor to the continued success of scalpers. But new technologies are on the horizon that will help. |
 | Tiny speakers break a barrier for soundIn any orchestra, the lowest notes are made by the largest instruments; for example, in the string family, the double bass resonates much lower notes than the violin because it is four to five times larger. The same is true for loudspeakers. Large speakers, known as woofers, are required to produce clear bass notes while small speakers, like those in mobile phones, produce high tinny noises that don't do justice to recorded music. |
 | Simple two-component mixtures are good surrogates for studying the ignition properties of next-generation gasolinesA collaboration between KAUST and Saudi Aramco scientists to test future fuels could bring a new era of highly efficient gasoline engines. |
 | Agrophotovoltaics increases land use efficiency by over 60 percentUntil now, acreage was designated for either photovoltaics or photosynthesis, that is, to generate electricity or grow crops. An agrophotovoltaics (APV) pilot project near Lake Constance, however, has now demonstrated that both uses are compatible. Dual use of land is resource efficient, reduces competition for land and additionally opens up a new source of income for farmers. For one year, the largest APV system in Germany is being tested on the Demeter farm cooperative Heggelbach. In the demonstration project led by the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, solar modules for electricity production are installed directly above crops covering an area of one third hectare. Now the first solar harvest of power and produce has been collected on both levels. |
 | Study of attitudes on digital disruption yields reform callMost Australians are concerned about their privacy online and are worried about privacy violations by corporations, according a new University of Sydney report. Nearly half of the respondents to a major survey are also concerned about government invading their privacy. University of Sydney researchers are calling for a number of measures to be taken to improve digital rights in Australia. |
 | Government regulation of social media would be a 'cure' far worse than the diseaseIn recent weeks, Congress has grilled Twitter, Facebook and Google about their role in allowing foreign interests to place ads and articles intended to divide the electorate and spread false information during the 2016 election. |
 | Redefining safety for self-driving carsIn early November, a self-driving shuttle and a delivery truck collided in Las Vegas. The event, in which no one was injured and no property was seriously damaged, attracted media and public attention in part because one of the vehicles was driving itself – and because that shuttle had been operating for only less than an hour before the crash. |
 | Should we fear the rise of drone assassins? Two experts debateA new short film from the Campaign Against Killer Robots warns of a future where weaponised flying drones target and assassinate certain members of the public, using facial recognition technology to identify them. Is this a realistic threat that could rightly spur an effective ban on the technology? Or is it an overblown portrayal designed to scare governments into taking simplistic, unnecessary and ultimately futile action? We asked two academics for their expert opinions. |
 | SoftBank offer for Uber shares to cut valuation: reportsAn investment offer from Japanese tech giant SoftBank for a stake in Uber is being made at a 30 percent cut from the ridesharing giant's lofty valuation, media reports said. |
 | NREL develops switchable solar windowThermochromic windows capable of converting sunlight into electricity at a high efficiency have been developed by scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). |
Cyber Monday: Biggest online shopping day in U.S. history pits Amazon vs. WalmartSafely back in their office cubicles, Americans let their fingers do the shopping Monday, racking up $6.59 billion in online sales by the end of the day. | |
Amazon's cloud-computing unit takes a new approach in battle with rivals: advertisingAmazon Web Services has defeated IBM in a competition for lucrative federal contracts, threatened Microsoft's core businesses, and reshaped corporate technology. | |
 | Uber facing federal probe on allegations of espionage (Update)Federal prosecutors are investigating allegations that Uber deployed an espionage team to plunder trade secrets from its rivals. The revelation triggered a delay in a high-profile trial over whether the beleaguered ride-hailing service stole self-driving car technology from a Google spinoff. |
Office-sharing startup WeWork announces tie-up with MeetupOffice-sharing startup WeWork on Tuesday announced a deal to buy Meetup, an online social network devoted to organizing real-world activities based on common interests. | |
 | New computer model sheds light on biological events leading to sudden cardiac deathSome heart disease patients face a higher risk of sudden cardiac death, which can happen when an arrhythmia—an irregular heartbeat— disrupts the normal electrical activity in the heart and causes the organ to stop pumping. Arrhythmias linked to sudden cardiac death are very rare, however, making it difficult to study how they occur—and how they might be prevented. |
 | US regulator says Silicon Valley is threat to internetA top US regulator, defending an effort to roll back so-called "net neutrality" rules, said Tuesday that large internet platforms represent the biggest threat to online freedom because they routinely block "content they don't like." |
 | Retail group: Those using both online, stores spending moreA retail trade group estimates that people who shopped both online and in stores from Thanksgiving to Cyber Monday spent more than those who stuck to one or the other. |
| Washington state sues Uber over data breach cover-upWashington state is suing the ride-hailing company Uber, saying it broke state law when it failed to notify more than 10,000 drivers in the state that their personal information was accessed as part of a major data breach. |
Bipartisan group of lawmakers targets 'revenge porn' onlineA bipartisan group of lawmakers is intent on combating online sexual exploitation as allegations of inappropriate sexual behavior continue to stack up against prominent members of Congress. | |
 | Dogs get the Hollywood treatment to make animal animations more realisticResearchers are creating a library of movement data from different dog breeds, to make animal animations in films and video games more realistic. |
 | IU-based startup launches high-tech system for virtual, augmented reality developersA high-tech startup founded by an Indiana University information technology programmer/analyst allows developers to synchronize tools that provide immersive environmental conditions—like fans that create wind or lamps that create heat—with the visuals and sounds of their virtual reality or augmented reality system. |
Medicine & Health news
 | Low frequency brain stimulation improves cognition in Parkinson's diseaseA multidisciplinary neuroscience study using rare, intraoperative brain recordings suggests that low frequency stimulation of a deep brain region may be able to improve cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The study findings, published Nov. 28 online in the journal Brain, also hint at the broader potential of brain stimulation for treating other cognitive diseases. |
 | Diabetes, obesity behind 800,000 cancers worldwide: studyNearly six percent of new cancers diagnosed worldwide in 2012—some 800,000 cases—were caused by diabetes and excess weight, according to a study published Tuesday. |
 | Neuroimaging of soccer fans' brains reveals neural basis of in-group altruistic motivationWhy are sports fans so fanatical about their teams? The answer lies deeply rooted in their brains, says a new study. Group belongingness is considered a basic human need and has been stated as a critical feature for hominin evolution. In recent decades, studies have shown our tendency to benefit ingroup over outgroup members during decisions, which can be explained by the reciprocal identification among members. |
 | Type 2 diabetes has hepatic originsAffecting as many as 650 million people worldwide, obesity has become one of the most serious global health issues. Among its detrimental effects, it increases the risk of developing metabolic conditions, and primarily type 2 diabetes. But the molecular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes people to the development of insulin resistance are so far poorly understood. Today, scientists from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) report the factors linking obesity and insulin resistance, as well as the key role played by the liver in the onset of the disease. By deciphering how the protein PTPR-γ, which is increased in obesity, inhibits insulin receptors located at the surface of liver cells, the scientists open the door to potential news therapeutic strategies. These results can be read in Nature Communications. |
 | Researchers identify new genes associated with cognitive abilityInvestigators at The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research discovered dozens of new genetic variations associated with a person's general cognitive ability. The findings, which were published online today in Cell Reports, have the potential to help researchers develop more targeted treatment for cognitive and memory disorders. |
 | How do cells release IL-1? After three decades, now we knowResearchers at Boston Children's Hospital have identified, for the first time, the molecule that enables immune cells to release interleukin-1 (IL-1), a key part of our innate immune response to infections. Findings were published online today by the journal Immunity. |
 | Why do more women have asthma than men? Blame hormonesWomen are twice as likely as men to have asthma, and this gender difference may be caused by the effects of sex hormones on lung cells. Researchers at Vanderbilt University and Johns Hopkins found that testosterone hindered an immune cell linked to asthma symptoms, such as inflammation and mucus production in the lungs. The study in human cells and rodents appears November 28 in the journal Cell Reports. |
 | Scientists find key to miscarriages in blood clotting disorderMonash University researchers have potentially shed light on why women with the rare autoimmune disorder Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are prone to successive pregnancy losses. |
 | Beating heart patch is large enough to repair the human heartBiomedical engineers at Duke University have created a fully functioning artificial human heart muscle large enough to patch over damage typically seen in patients who have suffered a heart attack. The advance takes a major step toward the end goal of repairing dead heart muscle in human patients. |
 | New technique reduces side-effects, improves delivery of chemotherapy nanodrugsCarnegie Mellon University researchers have developed a new method for delivering chemotherapy nanodrugs that increases the drugs' bioavailability and reduces side-effects. |
Incidence of brain injury in babies estimated for first time using routine NHS dataNew research has estimated that each year five babies in every 1,000 born in England suffer a condition or sign linked to brain injury. | |
Deaths during childbirth reduced by halfIn their latest report a team of academics, clinicians and charity representatives, called MBRRACE-UK, has looked at the quality of care for stillbirths and neonatal deaths of babies born at term who were alive at the onset of labour, singletons (sole births) and who were not affected by a major congenital anomaly. This type of death occurred in 225 pregnancies in 2015 in the UK. It is important to study the deaths of these babies as any normally formed baby who is alive at the onset of labour at term would be expected to be alive and healthy at birth. | |
 | Six in ten food adverts during family TV shows push junk food, new study revealsA new report, based on research conducted at the University of Liverpool, shows that almost six in ten food and drink adverts shown during family programmes in the UK popular with children are for 'junk food' such as fast food, takeaways and confectionery. |
 | Largest study of opioid deaths reveals who is at most riskJust over 60 percent of individuals who died from an opioid overdose had been diagnosed with a chronic pain condition, and many had been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder, a study of more than 13,000 overdose deaths has found. The study, led by researchers at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), is the first to determine the proportion of those who died of an opioid overdose with chronic pain. |
 | Complications at birth associated with lasting chemical changes in the brainNew King's College London research, published today (28 November) in eLife, shows that adults born prematurely—who also suffered small brain injuries around the time of birth—have lower levels of dopamine in the brain. |
ASERF outlines recommendations to increase safety of gluteal fat grafting proceduresButtock augmentation is one of the fastest growing aesthetic procedures in the United States. According to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS), more than 20,000 procedures were performed in 2016 alone, (a 3,267% increase compared to 2002, when ASAPS first began tracking statistics for buttock augmentation). ASAPS began tracking fat grafting to the buttocks in 2015, and for the two years it has collected that data, an average of 91% of all buttock augmentation procedures have consisted of fat grafting. Recently, The Aesthetic Surgery Education and Research Foundation (ASERF) formed the Gluteal Fat Grafting Task Force to investigate the risks associated with this increasingly popular procedure. | |
 | Researchers discover BRCA cancer cells' last defenseIn a new paper published in Nature Communications, a team led by Saint Louis University researcher Alessandro Vindigni, Ph.D. shares new information about how BRCA-deficient cancer cells operate, interact with chemotherapy drugs and what may be their last-ditch effort to survive. Researchers hope their findings may lead to improved chemotherapy drugs and shed light on why some cells develop chemotherapy resistance. |
 | Migraines linked to high sodium levels in cerebrospinal fluidMigraine sufferers have significantly higher sodium concentrations in their cerebrospinal fluid than people without the condition, according to the first study to use a technique called sodium MRI to look at migraine patients. The findings were presented today at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). |
 | Weight loss through exercise alone does not protect kneesObese people who lose a substantial amount of weight can significantly slow down the degeneration of their knee cartilage, but only if they lose weight through diet and exercise or diet alone, according to a new MRI study presented today at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). |
Fat distribution in women and men provides clues to heart attack riskIt's not the amount of fat in your body but where it's stored that may increase your risk for heart attack, stroke and diabetes, according to a new study presented today at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). The study looked at the differences in fat distribution patterns among overweight and obese men and women and their associated cardiometabolic risk. | |
 | Nodding raises likability and approachabilityThe act of nodding positively affects the subjective likability of people by about 30 percent and their approachability by 40 percent, according to a study conducted by researchers from Hokkaido University and Yamagata University in Japan. |
 | Children who commute to school unaccompanied have greater autonomy and decision-making abilityResearchers from the University of Granada (UGR) have proven that children who actively commute to school (that is, walking or cycling) without adults accompanying them have better safety perceptions and autonomy. The research is fostered by an initiative from Granada's provincial government and its Department of Environment with the goal of promoting safe and healthy ways of going to school. |
 | Biologists studied cellular cannibalism in cancerous growthsResearchers from Lomonosov MSU Faculty of Biology have studied the stages of entosis, a process of cell death when one cell invades the other and is digested inside of it. Entosis could become a new method of destroying cancer cells. The results were published in Scientific Reports. |
 | Scientists identify the segmentation and consolidation mechanism of long-term memoriesA study led by the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) has identified a neural mechanism that allows humans to segment experience into discrete memory units. According to the research, published in the scientific journal Current Biology, the brain identifies context changes as "frontiers" in the flow of our experience and uses them to fragment the course of events into small units of memory that can be stored long-term. The study shows that this process takes place during the identification of a boundary event thanks to the rapid reactivation of the flow of information that precedes it. |
Signs that someone is struggling with an addictionWhile the holidays are a time to be enjoyed with family and friends, they also are a time when signs of addiction may be observed. Baylor College of Medicine's Dr. Thomas Kosten discusses the signs that families can look out for that their loved one may be struggling with an addiction, which can be exacerbated during the holidays. | |
 | Lead poisoning a risk at indoor firing rangesIndoor firing ranges may put hobby shooters, law enforcement officers and employees at risk from lead exposure, particularly if proper dust-control measures are not in place. |
 | Performance-enhancing drugs sold via the Internet are inaccurately labeledSelective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are an increasingly popular form of appearance- and performance-enhancing drugs that are sold online and sometimes used by bodybuilders, athletes and soldiers. Compared to more commonly used anabolic steroids, SARMs are more selective, making them an attractive target for use in the development of drugs to treat aging and muscle wasting disorders. However, SARMs are still under investigation, and have not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and products sold through the internet and advertised to contain SARMs may not contain these ingredients. Shalender Bhasin, MD, an investigator from Brigham and Women's Hospital, in collaboration with colleagues at the United States Anti-Doping Agency and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, analyzed the chemical composition of products sold online as SARMs. This systematic investigation found that many products sold over the internet as SARMs contained unapproved drugs and substances and many were mislabeled. |
 | More doctors are becoming 'nursing home specialists'The number of doctors and advance practitioners in the United States who focus on nursing home care rose by more than a third between 2012 and 2015, according to a new study published today in JAMA from researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Of all physicians and advance practitioners who do any work in nursing homes, 21 percent now specialize in nursing home care. The authors say the trend suggests the rise of a significant new specialty in medical practice, though how it will affect patient outcomes and continuity of care is yet to be seen. |
'Upsurge' of scarlet fever in England, study warnsScarlet fever, a common cause of childhood death in the 1800s and early 1900s, has seen an upsurge in England since 2011 after decades of decline, scientists said Tuesday. | |
 | Communication key to coping with relationship losses during the holidaysA Purdue professor leading a team researching the experiences of loss and grief said open communication can be key for individuals coping with recent relationship losses in light of the holiday season. |
 | Abbreviated breast MRI may be additional screening option for dense breastsAmong women with dense breast tissue, for whom traditional mammograms are less effective at detecting cancer, who request additional screening after a negative mammogram, abbreviated breast MRI (AB-MR) may be a valuable cancer detection tool. In a study of 195 asymptomatic women with dense breast tissue who had a negative mammogram within the previous 11 months, AB-MR detected five additional cancers after a negative screening mammography, according to preliminary findings from a Penn Medicine team presented this week at the Radiological Society of North America meeting in Chicago. |
Education is essential for optimal diabetes healthWhen you have diabetes, you are certainly not alone. Diabetes is one of the most common chronic conditions affecting over 30 million people in the U.S. About 5 percent of people with diabetes have type 1. Type 2 diabetes is more common and occurs in approximately 95 percent of those with diabetes. If you are a woman with a history of gestational diabetes during pregnancy, your risk of developing type 2 diabetes as you age is 40 percent to 60 percent and increases to 50 percent to 75 percent, if you are obese. | |
 | Few people with HIV get prompt care after incarcerationHIV is more common among individuals in the criminal justice system than among people in the community, but just a fraction of people with HIV in prison or jail receive prompt care after release, say Yale researchers. In a new study published in The Lancet HIV, the researchers identified factors that might improve post-release HIV care and outcomes. |
Fertility study shows cheaper treatment is effectiveNew University of Auckland research has found couples may not need to undergo invasive and expensive IVF to get pregnant, with other less-invasive procedures proving more effective. | |
Trial finds aspirin does not speed leg ulcer healingSuggestions that aspirin may help treat venous leg ulcers have been rebutted by University of Auckland research, leaving the sufferers with compression therapy, a treatment known since the 17th Century. | |
Study finds that group meetings with doctors provide more weight loss support—and help shed poundsLosing weight is not easy. While we all understand the basics of shedding pounds, it's the sticking to it that tends to be the hard part. | |
 | New research shows that apps, technology and modern teaching skills work for children with reading disabilitiesNew research from Linnaeus University in Sweden shows that apps, technology and modern teaching skills are working for children with reading disabilities. The mental health of these children is affected positively by the reading apps and learning technology available today. |
 | Dancers need more calories, protein, researchers sayDancers are known for their svelte figures, but they often aren't making the right dietary choices to fuel their bodies for long, intense performances, Florida State University researchers found in a new study. |
 | Low-income earners are more likely to die early from preventable diseasesAustralians with lower incomes are dying sooner from potentially preventable diseases than their wealthier counterparts, according to our new report. |
 | Mobile stroke units designed to quickly reach, treat patients"Time is brain." That's the mantra of physicians who warn that those with stroke symptoms need immediate medical attention. |
 | 40 percent of adolescents with food allergies experience frequent anaphylactic episodesA new study by researchers from the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI) has shown that 40 percent of Australian adolescents with food allergies are experiencing frequent allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. |
Down's syndrome research breaks new groundDown's syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is one of the most common genetic diseases. Researchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) and ETH Zurich (ETHZ), Switzerland, have recently analysed the proteins of individuals with trisomy 21 for the first time: the goal was to improve our understanding of how a supernumerary copy of chromosome 21 could affect human development. Published in the journal Nature Communications, the research shows that trisomy 21, far from only affecting the proteins encoded by the chromosome 21 genes, also impacts on the proteins encoded by the genes located on the other chromosomes. In fact, the cells are overwhelmed by the protein surplus generated by the triplicated genes, and cannot regulate the amount of proteins. These results provide new insight into Down's syndrome and its symptoms based on the study of proteins, revealing the different outcomes of an excess of chromosome 21 on cell behaviour. | |
 | Protective antibodies following malaria infectionNo effective vaccine exists to date against the tropical disease malaria. Scientists from the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) have now studied how the human immune system responds to natural infection by the malaria parasite. Analyzing individual immune cells, they discovered that the immune system produces antibodies that are protective against the disease in mice. In addition, long-lived memory cells are formed and produce this antibody again if needed. These findings will help develop more specific next-generation vaccines. |
Denying patient requests lowers physician ratingsPatients who ask for specialist referrals, laboratory tests or certain medications and don't get them tend to be less satisfied with their doctors than those whose requests are fulfilled, new research from UC Davis Health shows. | |
 | UN: About 11 percent of drugs in poor countries are fakeAbout 11 percent of medicines in developing countries are counterfeit and likely responsible for the deaths of tens of thousands of children from diseases like malaria and pneumonia every year, the World Health Organization said Tuesday. |
 | The immune response to heart attacksThe damage caused by a heart attack triggers an inflammatory reaction which degrades the affected tissue. This response is orchestrated by immune cells that reside in the nearby pericardial adipose tissue, as a study by an LMU team shows. |
 | When it comes to mental health, a problem shared can be a problem doubledPeople discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they'll gain some insight into how to solve them. And even if they don't find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. Indeed, having close friends to confide in is a good buffer against poor mental health. How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it. |
 | Research into impact of food deprivation on starlings shines new light on depressionJust ten days of restricted access to food in early life has led to enduring effects on feeding motivation and sensitivity to reward in starlings – behavioural characteristics consistent with depression in humans. |
 | A new molecule to inhibit lymphoma growthThe prestigious scientific journal Clinical Cancer Research has published a study conducted by the research group led by Dr. Francesco Bertoni of the Institute of Oncology Research (IOR, affiliated to USI Università della Svizzera italiana), that have tested a new molecule that demonstrates its ability to inhibit lymphoma growth. |
 | Digital eye scan provides accurate picture of a person's general healthPersonalized medicine or "precision medicine" is the most significant trend in 21st century medicine. "It's all about the right treatment for the right patient at the right time," says Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Head of MedUni Vienna's Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry. And looking into the eye – using digital techniques and analysing Big Data – also provides an accurate picture of a person's general medical condition, facilitates early diagnosis and treatment and makes for transparent patients. The ART-2017 specialist conference (Advanced Retinal Therapy) is characterised by these digital developments in personalised medicine. |
Molecular profiling of melanoma tumours explains differences in survival after T cell therapyThe more times metastasised melanoma has mutated and the patient's immune system has been activated against the tumour – the better the chances of survival after immunotherapy. This is what emerges from a research collaboration between Lund University in Sweden and Herlev university hospital in Denmark. The findings are now published in the scientific journal Nature Communications. | |
 | This 'sweet spot' could improve melanoma diagnosisToo much, too little, just right. It might seem like a line from "Goldilocks and the Three Bears," but actually describes an important finding from researchers in Florida Atlantic University's College of Engineering and Computer Science. They have developed a technique using machine learning - a sub-field of artificial intelligence (AI) - that will enhance computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) of melanoma. Thanks to the algorithm they created - which can be used in mobile apps that are being developed to diagnose suspicious moles - they were able to determine the "sweet spot" in classifying images of skin lesions. |
 | Critical link between obesity and diabetes has been identifiedUT Southwestern researchers have identified a major mechanism by which obesity causes type 2 diabetes, which is a common complication of being overweight that afflicts more than 30 million Americans and over 400 million people worldwide. |
 | Expression of certain genes may be key to more youthful looking skinSome individuals' skin appears more youthful than their chronologic age. Although many people try to achieve this with creams, lotions, injections, and surgeries, new research published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology indicates that increased expression of certain genes may be the key to intrinsically younger looking—and younger behaving—skin. |
 | Pay-for-performance fails to performA prototype Medicare program designed to improve value of care by paying more to physicians who perform better on measures of health care quality and spending has failed to deliver on its central promise and, in the process, likely exacerbated disparities in health care delivery, according to findings of a study published Nov. 27 in Annals of Internal Medicine. |
Severity of post-operative delirium relates to severity of cognitive declineResearchers from the Harvard affiliated Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research (IFAR), in collaboration with scientists from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School (HMS), and Brown University, have found increasing evidence that the level of delirium in post-surgical patients is associated with the level of later cognitive decline in those same patients. Findings from this study were published today in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. | |
 | Sniffing out the best allergy treatment(HealthDay)—Seasonal allergies make life miserable for millions of Americans. |
 | Care for caregivers(HealthDay)—Many of us will care for a parent at some point in our lives. If you're shopping or cooking for Mom or taking Dad to doctor visits, you're already a caregiver. |
 | How fast-food cues can lead you to overeat(HealthDay)—Before heading out to shop this holiday season, steel yourself for an onslaught of tempting aromas that might lure you into a fast-food restaurant. |
 | Pot may alter brain function of some with HIV(HealthDay)—Using marijuana when you have HIV could lead to problems with brain function if you also abuse alcohol or drugs, a new study finds. |
 | Anticholinergic cognitive burden scale IDs adverse outcomes(HealthDay)—For older adults, the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACB) shows good dose-response relationships between anticholinergic burden and adverse outcomes, according to a study published in the November/December issue of the Annals of Family Medicine. |
 | Considerable costs incurred in response to single measles cases(HealthDay)—Single measles cases trigger coordinated public health action that is associated with considerable costs, according to research published in the Nov. 24 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. |
 | New workflows have potential to address provider burnout(HealthDay)—New solutions are needed to address burnout among health care team members, yet, in a catch-22 situation for health industry leaders, change fatigue contributes to burnout, according to a Vocera Communications report entitled In Pursuit of Resilience, Well-Being, and Joy in Healthcare. |
 | Abdominal obesity linked to all-cause mortality in HFpEF(HealthDay)—For patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), abdominal obesity is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, according to a study published in the Dec. 5 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. |
Researchers combine EEG and MRI to find improved ways of understanding ALSOur brains function by electrical and chemical signalling. Recording brain wave patterns can be very helpful in conditions like epilepsy, but the potential of this inexpensive and easily applied technology has not been fully recognised. | |
 | Capsule research paves way for simpler C. difficile treatmentAn Alberta-led clinical trial has shown Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) is as effective in treating clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infections whether delivered by colonoscopy or by swallowing capsules. |
Continuous glucose monitors warn of low blood sugar threatContinuous glucose monitors (CGM) can protect individuals who have had type 1 diabetes for years and are at risk of experiencing dangerously low blood sugar by increasing their awareness of the symptoms, according to a study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. | |
 | Marriage may help stave off dementiaMarriage may lower the risk of developing dementia, concludes a synthesis of the available evidence published online in the Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. |
 | Dual virtual reality/treadmill exercises promote brain plasticity in Parkinson's patientsA new Tel Aviv University study suggests that a therapy that combines Virtual Reality and treadmill exercise dramatically lowers the incidence of falling among Parkinson's patients by changing the brain's behavior and promoting beneficial brain plasticity, even in patients with neurodegenerative disease. |
 | A fear of getting dumped kills romance and commitmentCan the fear of a relationship ending actually lessen love and cause a break-up? If yes, how does it happen? These were the questions that Simona Sciara and Giuseppe Pantaleo of the Vita-Salute San Raffaele University in Italy set out to answer in an article published in Springer's journal Motivation and Emotion. Their research complements what is already known about how obstacles to a romantic relationship affect attraction and commitment towards a partner. |
 | Genetic mutation could, if altered, boost flumist vaccine effectiveness, research suggestsResearchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health have discovered a genetic mutation in the FluMist intranasal flu vaccine that has the potential to be altered to enhance the vaccine's protective effect. |
 | Scientists link cases of unexplained anaphylaxis to red meat allergyWhile rare, some people experience recurrent episodes of anaphylaxis—a life-threatening allergic reaction that causes symptoms such as the constriction of airways and a dangerous drop in blood pressure—for which the triggers are never identified. Recently, researchers at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, found that some patients' seemingly inexplicable anaphylaxis was actually caused by an uncommon allergy to a molecule found naturally in red meat. They note that the allergy, which is linked to a history of a specific type of tick bite, may be difficult for patients and health care teams to identify. |
How having too much or too little of CHRNA7 can lead to neuropsychiatric disordersStudying the genetic code allows researchers to know whether some patients with neuropsychiatric disorders either have extra copies of the CHRNA7 gene or are missing copies. However, little was known about the functional consequences of this genetic imbalance in brain cells. | |
 | Don't delay hip fracture surgery. Here's why(HealthDay)—Seniors with a fractured hip need surgery as soon as possible or they could suffer life-threatening complications, a new Canadian study concludes. |
 | Sex, race, age disparities in survival for HPV-linked cancer(HealthDay)—For patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers, there are large disparities in survival based on sex, race, and age, according to a study published online Nov. 6 in Cancer. |
 | 1998 to 2014 saw drop in CVD hospitalization rates in diabetes(HealthDay)—Cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospitalization rates have declined in recent years among individuals with and those without diabetes, according to a study published online Nov. 17 in Diabetes Care. |
 | Practice variation in treatment for bronchiolitis in infants(HealthDay)—For infants with bronchiolitis, the use of evidence-based supportive therapies (EBSTs) varies by hospital site, according to a study published online Nov. 28 in Pediatrics. |
 | Less frequent biopsy may be option in prostate cancer care(HealthDay)—Biennial biopsies are an acceptable alternative to annual biopsies for men managing low-risk prostate cancer through active surveillance (AS), according to a research published online Nov. 27 in the Annals of Internal Medicine. |
 | Ablation cuts risk of recurrent stroke in patients with A-fib(HealthDay)—For patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and prior cerebrovascular accident (CVA), ablation is associated with reduced risk of recurrent stroke, according to a study published online Nov. 13 in the Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. |
 | Risk of CIN3 drops with negative HPV, cytology co-tests(HealthDay)—The five-year risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3), adenocarcinoma in situ, and cervical cancer (≥CIN3) decrease after each successive negative human papillomavirus (HPV) and cytology co-testing, according to a study published online Nov. 27 in the Annals of Internal Medicine. |
Scientists explore drug's value in treating both alcoholism and PTSDThe link between addiction and mental health disorders may be firmly established in scientific circles, but treatments designed to address them together are uncommon. | |
 | Decoding the molecular mechanisms of ovarian cancer progressionOvarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States, resulting in an estimated 14,100 deaths and 22,500 new cases in 2017 alone. This high mortality is primarily caused by resistance to therapy and the diagnosis of ovarian cancer after it has already metastasized, which occurs in approximately 80 percent of patients. |
 | Team develops neuro test that distinguishes demyelinating diseases from multiple sclerosisMayo Clinic has launched a first-in-the-U.S. clinical test that will help patients who recently have been diagnosed with an inflammatory demyelinating disease (IDD) but may be unsure of the exact disorder. Neurologic-related diseases commonly affect the brain, optic nerves and the spinal cord, and this new test can distinguish other IDDs such as neuromyelitis optica, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, optic neuritis, and transverse myelitis from multiple sclerosis (MS). |
Understanding a therapeutic paradox for treating thrombo-vascular complications in kidney diseaseResearchers at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) have discovered a potential treatment target to prevent chronic kidney disease patients from developing blood clots without causing bleeding complications - an unwanted and perplexing side effect. They say the strategy offers a much-needed therapeutic alternative to standard-of-care heparin, which throws off the finely-tuned balance between pro-clotting and anticoagulant factors in blood vessels that work to keep fluid flowing while protecting against excessive bleeding after injuries. | |
 | In US, people with HIV often go 3 yrs without knowingPeople who are infected with HIV in the United States often go for years without being diagnosed, with the median, or midpoint, being three years, according to US government data Tuesday. |
 | Making a case for health literacyThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates half of the adult population in the United States may have inadequate health literacy skills. The inability to understand and effectively use health information is linked to higher rates of hospitalization, reduced preventive care and increased health costs. A new report by researchers at the University of Missouri School of Medicine's Center for Health Policy highlighted the benefits of health literacy for both patients and providers. |
 | Researchers trace timeline of tumor evolution in metastatic breast cancer patientsA new study by researchers at Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI) at the University of Utah observed how breast cancer tumors evolve over time and demonstrated how changes within tumors may contribute to the process by which cancers no longer respond to treatment. Further, the research identifies that some of these changes may be shared across certain treatment-resistant breast cancers. The study was published this month in Nature Communications. |
 | Antibiotics administered during labor delay healthy gut bacteria in babiesAntibiotics administered during labour for Group B Streptococcus (GBS) affect the development of gut bacteria in babies, according to a study from McMaster University. |
 | Regulators should not consider 'lost pleasure' of quitting smoking, study saysFederal officials considering new regulations on tobacco products should give more weight to the fact that a majority of smokers are unhappy about feeling addicted to cigarettes, and should put less emphasis on the theory that smokers who quit are losing "pleasure" in their lives, according to a recent study by the School of Public Health at Georgia State University. |
Immediate ART treatment improves retention ratesStarting antiretroviral therapy (ART) immediately following an HIV diagnosis dramatically improves retention in clinical HIV care, according to a study led by a Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) researcher. | |
 | In search of: Researchers explore the ocean for alternatives to opioidsWhat does a marine snail's ability to kill prey with two shots of venom have to do with the opioid epidemic ravaging the United States? |
Reimagining autonomy in reproductive medicineDo the reproductive choices of prospective parents truly align with their values and priorities? How do doctors, reproductive technologies, and the law influence those choices? And why should certain women receive medical assistance to establish a pregnancy, while others are put in jail when they miscarry? A new Hastings Center special report, Just Reproduction: Reimagining Autonomy in Reproductive Medicine, considers these and related questions. It is a supplement to the Hastings Center Report, November-December 2017. | |
Promising target for treating brain tumors in childrenFindings published in Oncotarget offer new hope for children with highly aggressive brain tumors like atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) and medulloblastoma. Previously, the authors of the study have shown that an experimental drug that inhibits polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) stopped pediatric brain tumor growth in vitro. Now, they have demonstrated its success in an animal model - the drug shrank the tumor and increased survival. Importantly, the PLK4 inhibitor was able to cross the blood-brain barrier, which means that the drug can target cancer cells in the brain even when taken orally, avoiding the need for injection into the spinal fluid. In this new study, researchers also demonstrated that when they associate a PLK4 inhibitor with traditional chemotherapy drugs, they kill tumor cells with significantly lower drug doses. | |
 | Essay adds to discourse on impact of suggestive jokes(HealthDay)—Seemingly benign, recurring patterns of joking around a single theme (joke cycles) can contribute to humorizing and legitimizing sexual misconduct, according to an essay published online Nov. 12 in Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies. |
 | OPTIMISTIC lowers long-stay nursing home residents' avoidable hospitalizations by a thirdThe initial phase of OPTIMISTIC, an innovative program developed and implemented by clinician-researchers from the Indiana University Center for Aging Research and partners to decrease avoidable hospitalizations of long-stay nursing facility residents, reduced these events a striking 33 percent, according to an independent evaluation prepared at the request of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation which funds the OPTIMISTIC study. |
Home remedies: Antibiotics or home remediesFor parents, it can be hard to tell whether your child's illness requires antibiotics or if there are other ways to effectively treat his or her symptoms. To prevent overuse of these drugs, it's important to know when home remedies can be used instead of antibiotics. | |
Device helps cancer patients keep their hair, dignityThe doctor warned breast cancer patient Joelle Smith that her hair would fall out on Day 14 of chemotherapy treatment in 2002. | |
 | Study: How to get patients to share electronic health recordsEducation is the key to getting patients to share their medical records electronically with health care providers, according to a new study from the University at Buffalo School of Management. |
The hero of preconception careHealth care might have found its Wonder Woman. She can identify health risks in young African-American women and help them successfully resolve those risks. She is engaging, empathetic, culturally competent, and extremely knowledgeable in preconception care. And soon, her advice will be available at any time to participants in a new study at Boston Medical Center meant to overcome factors that are detrimental to black women's health, like limited physician time and resources. | |
Prehospital supraglottic airway is associated with good neurologic outcome in cardiac arrest victimsWith the adjustment of postresuscitation variables, as well as prehospital and resuscitation variables, the prehospital use of supraglottic airway (SGA) is associated with good neurologic outcome in cardiac arrest victims, particularly in those who receive CPR. That is the primary finding of a study to be published in the December 2017 issue of Academic Emergency Medicine (AEM), a journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM). | |
The pediatric submersion score predicts children at low risk for injury following submersionsA risk score can identify children at low risk for submersion-related injury who can be safely discharged from the ED after observation. That is the primary finding of a study to be published in the December 2017 issue of Academic Emergency Medicine (AEM), a journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM). | |
Biology news
 | Researchers report a fundamental muscle speed limitWhen birds sing, bats echolocate, rattlesnakes rattle, and toadfish hum, they use so-called superfast muscles, the fastest vertebrate muscles known. New research shows that these muscles have reached a maximum speed attainable in any vertebrate muscle. |
 | Researchers find stress during pregnancy affects the size of the babyA new study has been published that suggests babies are physically affected by the stress level of their mother during pregnancy. It has been previously found that adversity in the womb enhances or hampers offspring development and performance. |
 | Bioengineers discover mechanism that regulates cells' 'powerhouses'UCLA bioengineers and their colleagues have discovered a new perspective on how cells regulate the sizes of mitochondria, the parts of cells that provide energy, by cutting them into smaller units. |
 | New pathways, better biofuelsThe mass manufacture of biofuels could hold the key to greener, more environmentally sound energy, transportation and product options. Scientists have previously engineered metabolic pathways of microbes, making them tiny biofuel factories. Now, new research from an engineer at Washington University in St. Louis further refines the process, stitching together the best bits of several different bacteria to synthesize a new biofuel product that matches current engines better than previously produced biofuels. |
 | Analysis of ancient DNA reveals a previously unrecognized genus of extinct horses that once roamed North AmericaAn international team of researchers has discovered a previously unrecognized genus of extinct horses that roamed North America during the last ice age. |
 | Dogs mouth-lick to communicate with angry humansAnimal behaviour researchers in the UK and Brazil have found that dogs lick their mouths as a response to angry human faces, according to new study. |
 | There's a deeper fish in the seaThe ocean's deepest fish doesn't look like it could survive in harsh conditions thousands of feet below the surface. Instead of giant teeth and a menacing frame, the fishes that roam in the deepest parts of the ocean are small, translucent, bereft of scales—and highly adept at living where few other organisms can. |
 | Newfound protein may prevent viral infection and herpes-induced cancerKeck School of Medicine of USC researchers have identified a human protein that could prevent cancer by restricting a type of herpes virus from replicating. |
 | Structure of primary optogenetic tool revealedAn international team of researchers has determined the 3-D structure of channelrhodopsin 2, a membrane protein widely used in optogenetics to control nerve cells with light. Optogenetics is a relatively new technique that involves the use of light to manipulate nerve and muscle cells in a living organism. Similar approaches are used to partially reverse the loss of hearing and eyesight and control muscle contractions. |
 | On the wings of LepidopteraThe Shirley Richardson Butterfly Garden at Assiniboine Park is testament to our fascination with the colourful insects that bring delight to so many. The beautiful patterns and pleasing textures of their wings attract not only park visitors but also play a role in butterflies' own mating and courting rituals, and warn predators of a foul taste should they partake of the fluttering creatures. |
 | Burning chilli will keep elephants at bay, new study findsBurning chillies can deter elephants from ravaging crops in African and Asian communities, according to a new study involving a University of Stirling researcher. |
 | A new way to do metabolic engineeringA novel method developed by a group of researchers at the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology (IGB) at the University of Illinois could change the way metabolic engineering is done. |
 | In populations of microbes, bioengineers find a balance of opposing genomic forcesSergei Maslov, a professor of bioengineering and physics at the University of Illinois, sees a "universe in a grain of sand." His research seeks to explore that universe by focusing on the genomic diversity of its constituents: the millions of microbes that thrive and reproduce within it. |
 | Team reveals rules for making ribsScientists from the USC Stem Cell lab of Francesca Mariani recently shared a recipe for ribs, and it doesn't even require barbecue sauce. |
 | Graphic Australian video of Japanese whaling releasedActivist group Sea Shepherd on Tuesday released graphic video of Japanese fishermen harpooning whales in the Southern Ocean after a long battle with the Australian government to make the images public. |
Merkel woes deepen as farm minister flouts orders (Update)German Chancellor Angela Merkel rapped her agriculture minister Tuesday for violating the government line in approving a controversial weedkiller at a key EU meeting, sparking a political storm and angering European allies. | |
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