EMBO reports Table of Contents for November 2017; Vol. 18, No. 11

November 2017 | Volume 18, Number 11 Submit Table of Contents Opinion Science & Society Reviews Scientific Reports Articles Volume 18, Number 11 Opinion The Council of Europe should not reaffirm the ban on germline genome editing in humans The Council of Europe plans to urge member states to sign and ratify the Oviedo Convention that would ban all inheritable modifications of the human germline. Such a policy would prevent research to develop new therapeutic options for inheritable diseases in Europe and is in sharp contrast to international developments. Peter Sykora and Arthur Caplan Published online 06.10.2017 The ERC: from before then to anniversary celebrations Frank Gannon congratulates the ERC to its first 10 years and its great success in supporting research in the EU. All this would not have been possible without the strong engagement and support by the European scientific community. Frank Gannon Published online 11.10.2017 Science & Society Solving yeast jigsaw puzzles over a glass of wine: Synthetic genome engineering pioneers new possibilities for wine yeast research The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project will give scientists a tool for understanding the biological intricacies of eukaryotes and for synthetic biology. Wine researchers will greatly benefit from this project to build new wine yeast strains. Isak S Pretorius Published online 23.10.2017 Spineless solutions: The potential of invertebrate animal models for advancing science in the developing world Investing into non‐vertebrate animal models for basic research and high‐throughput screening could help to establish drug development programs in middle‐income countries and strengthen their research base. Armando Castillo and Yila de la Guardia Published online 23.10.2017 The fourth pillar: Despite some setbacks in the clinic, immunotherapy has made notable progress toward becoming an additional therapeutic option against cancer Immunotherapy based on anti‐cancer vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors of the immune system could become the fourth therapeutic approach to treat cancer. It still requires a better understanding of how and against which cancers it is most efficient. Philip Hunter Published online 11.10.2017 Reviews Lipids at membrane contact sites: cell signaling and ion transport Communication between organelles occurs at membrane contact sites (MCSs) and allows the coordination of cellular functions and responses to various stimuli. This review discusses MCSs in the context of lipid transfer, the formation of lipid domains and Ca2+ signaling. Shmuel Muallem, Woo Young Chung, Archana Jha and Malini Ahuja Published online 13.10.2017 The ins and outs of endoplasmic reticulum‐controlled lipid biosynthesis This review highlights key regulatory mechanisms that control ER‐localized enzyme activities in animal cells and discusses how they act in concert to maintain cellular lipid homeostasis in health and disease. Julie Jacquemyn, Ana Cascalho and Rose E Goodchild Published online 26.10.2017 Scientific Reports UbcD1 regulates Hedgehog signaling by directly modulating Ci ubiquitination and processing Ubiquitylation of Ci/Gli is known to regulate Hh signaling. This study identifies UbcD1 as the ubiquitin‐conjugating E2 enzyme responsible for Slimb‐Cul1 E3 ligase‐mediated partial degradation of Ci/Gli – a function that is conserved in metazoans. Chenyu Pan, Yue Xiong, Xiangdong Lv, Yuanxin Xia, Shuo Zhang, Hao Chen, Jialin Fan, Wenqing Wu, Feng Liu, Hailong Wu, Zhaocai Zhou, Lei Zhang and Yun Zhao Published online 08.09.2017 Selenoprotein T is a novel OST subunit that regulates UPR signaling and hormone secretion SelT is required for ER homeostasis and appropriate hormone production and secretion. Its association with the STT3A‐containing OST complex in endocrine cells generates an OST form devoted to N‐glycosylation of glycohormones. Abdallah Hamieh, Dorthe Cartier, Houssni Abid, André Calas, Carole Burel, Christine Bucharles, Cedric Jehan, Luca Grumolato, Marc Landry, Patrice Lerouge, Youssef Anouar and Isabelle Lihrmann Published online 19.09.2017 Kinesin‐2 motors adapt their stepping behavior for processive transport on axonemes and microtubules The heterodimeric kinesin‐2 motor differentiates between microtubules and axonemes to move forward. This study suggests that step adaptation prevents head‐on collisions of large intraflagellar trains moving in opposite directions in the cilium. Willi L Stepp, Georg Merck, Felix Mueller‐Planitz and Zeynep Ökten Published online 08.09.2017 IL‐23 drives differentiation of peripheral γδ17 T cells from adult bone marrow‐derived precursors γδ17 T cells are thought to develop exclusively in the fetal/perinatal thymus. This study shows that differentiation of γδ17 T cells is also driven by IL‐23 in inflamed lymph nodes in a mouse model of MS, independent of specific antigens. Pedro H Papotto, Natacha Gonçalves‐Sousa, Nina Schmolka, Andrea Iseppon, Sofia Mensurado, Brigitta Stockinger, Julie C Ribot and Bruno Silva‐Santos Published online 30.08.2017 Identification of the centromeres of Leishmania major: revealing the hidden pieces LmKKT1 is a Leishmania kinetoplastid kinetochore protein that shows single ChIP‐Seq peaks corresponding to the 36 centromeres. As a centrosomal marker, LmKKT1 is found at the periphery of the nucleolus during interphase and relocates to the spindle poles during mitosis. Maria‐Rosa Garcia‐Silva, Lauriane Sollelis, Cameron Ross MacPherson, Slavica Stanojcic, Nada Kuk, Lucien Crobu, Frédéric Bringaud, Patrick Bastien, Michel Pagès, Artur Scherf and Yvon Sterkers Published online 21.09.2017 Type VI secretion system MIX‐effectors carry both antibacterial and anti‐eukaryotic activities Type VI secretion systems are protein delivery apparatuses that mediate predominately bactericidal activities. This study shows that a Vibrio T6SS utilizes a versatile repertoire of effectors to target both competing bacteria and neighbouring eukaryotic cells. Ann Ray, Nika Schwartz, Marcela de Souza Santos, Junmei Zhang, Kim Orth and Dor Salomon Published online 14.09.2017 RADX interacts with single‐stranded DNA to promote replication fork stability RADX/CXorf57 interacts with ssDNA at replication stress sites via its OB fold domains. Through an antagonistic relationship with RPA and other ssDNA‐binding factors, it protects against replication fork degradation and collapse during replication stress. Lisa Schubert, Teresa Ho, Saskia Hoffmann, Peter Haahr, Claire Guérillon and Niels Mailand Published online 11.10.2017 Human METTL16 is a N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase that targets pre‐mRNAs and various non‐coding RNAs METTL16 is a human m6A methyltransferase that targets pre‐mRNAs, lncRNAs, and ncRNAs. METTL16 methylates A43 in the U6 snRNA sequence that base pairs with 5′ splice sites of pre‐mRNAs. Ahmed S Warda, Jens Kretschmer, Philipp Hackert, Christof Lenz, Henning Urlaub, Claudia Höbartner, Katherine E Sloan and Markus T Bohnsack Published online 19.10.2017 Articles The BEACH protein LRBA is required for hair bundle maintenance in cochlear hair cells and for hearing Genetic deletion of LRBA in mouse cochlear hair cells impairs stereociliar targeting of the actin adaptors radixin and Nherf2. As a result, Lrba‐KO hair bundles degenerate during early postnatal development, leading to a progressive form of sensorineural hearing impairment. Christian Vogl, Tanvi Butola, Natja Haag, Torben J Hausrat, Michael G Leitner, Michel Moutschen, Philippe P Lefèbvre, Carsten Speckmann, Lillian Garrett, Lore Becker, Helmut Fuchs, Martin Hrabe de Angelis, Sandor Nietzsche, Michael M Kessels, Dominik Oliver, Matthias Kneussel, Manfred W Kilimann and Nicola Strenzke Published online 11.09.2017 p53 gain‐of‐function mutations increase Cdc7‐dependent replication initiation Cancer‐associated p53 missense mutants confer gain‐of‐function (GOF) and promote tumorigenesis. This study shows that one hallmark of p53 GOF mutants is Myb‐dependent transactivation of Cdc7, which leads to enhanced Cdc7/Dbf4‐dependent replication initiation in cancer cells. Arindam Datta, Dishari Ghatak, Sumit Das, Taraswi Banerjee, Anindita Paul, Ramesh Butti, Mahadeo Gorain, Sangeeta Ghuwalewala, Anirban Roychowdhury, Sk Kayum Alam, Pijush Das, Raghunath Chatterjee, Maitrayee Dasgupta, Chinmay Kumar Panda, Gopal C Kundu and Susanta Roychoudhury Published online 08.09.2017 Bin1 directly remodels actin dynamics through its BAR domain The membrane‐bending protein Bin1 has been identified as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. This study shows that Bin1 directly binds and stabilizes actin through its BAR domain, providing a possible link to tau‐induced pathological changes of the actin cytoskeleton. Nina M Dräger, Eliana Nachman, Moritz Winterhoff, Stefan Brühmann, Pranav Shah, Taxiarchis Katsinelos, Steeve Boulant, Aurelio A Teleman, Jan Faix and Thomas R Jahn Published online 11.09.2017 Cold stress‐induced ferroptosis involves the ASK1‐p38 pathway The molecular mechanisms leading to ferroptotic cell death are poorly understood. This study shows that sustained cold stress induces ferroptosis and lipid peroxide accumulation, which activates the ASK1‐p38 signaling axis. Kazuki Hattori, Hiroyuki Ishikawa, Chihiro Sakauchi, Saki Takayanagi, Isao Naguro and Hidenori Ichijo Published online 08.09.2017   Unsubscribe from or edit your subscription for this service. Or by mail: Customer Service * 973 University Avenue * Los Gatos, CA 95032 * U.S.A. Copyright © 2017 by the European Molecular Biology Organisation.