Nature Medicine Contents: June 2017 Volume 23 Number 6 pp 645-788

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Advertisement nature.com webcasts Springer Nature presents a custom webcast by Professor Aude Chapuis, MD on harnessing the therapeutic potential of adoptively transferred cells. Register for FREE Date: Thursday, June 22 2017 Time: 11AM PDT | 2PM EDT Register  Sponsored by:  10x Genomics TABLE OF CONTENTS June 2017 Volume 23, Issue 6 News News and Views Perspective Brief Communications Articles Letters Corrigendum Errata Advertisement   Nature Reviews Cancer: Poster on Multifaceted effects of the microenvironment on tumour progression Available to download free online Produced with support from  Fluidigm Corporation  Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Nature Outlook: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)  For certain infections, faecal transplants have resulted in remarkable recoveries. Will the same ever be true for people with IBD? It's a condition on the rise in Asia, but why? Follow those trying to find out, and learn how our environments influence IBD in this Outlook.  Access the Outlook Produced with support from Salix Pharmaceuticals   Advertisement Nature Reviews Microbiology: Collection on Antimicrobial Resistance  This collection of articles from several Nature journals describes how antimicrobial resistance emerges and details discovery strategies for urgently needed new antimicrobials.  Access this collection free online for six months Produced with support from  Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA   Advertisement IBS-NATURE CONFERENCE ON FRONTIERS IN GENOME ENGINEERING  September 27-29, 2017 | Seoul, Korea Presented by: Institute for Basic Science | Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS | Nature | Nature Biotechnology REGISTER NOW!   News Top Source code: Putting metagenomics to the test in the clinic   pp645 - 648 Carrie Arnold doi:10.1038/nm0617-645 Biased for benefit: Stimulating the world's most popular drug targets with more nuance   pp649 - 651 Dyani Lewis doi:10.1038/nm0617-649 Viral vanguard: Designing cancer-killing viruses to chase metastatic tumors   pp652 - 655 Shraddha Chakradhar doi:10.1038/nm0617-652 News and Views Top Understanding cancer from the stem cells up   pp656 - 657 Christopher A Eide and Brian J Druker doi:10.1038/nm.4353 A new study that uses an integrated single-cell transcriptomics approach to characterize cancer stem cell populations during treatment with molecularly targeted therapies offers insights into disease evolution and points to new therapeutic targets. See also: Article by Giustacchini et al. A role for neutrophils in asthma exacerbations   pp658 - 659 William W Busse doi:10.1038/nm.4351 A recent study has found that rhinovirus-induced exacerbation of asthma is in part mediated by the release of neutrophil extracellular traps and double-stranded DNA by neutrophils in the airway. See also: Article by Toussaint et al. Patrolling monocytes sense peripheral infection and induce cytokine-mediated neuronal dysfunction   pp659 - 661 Josef Priller and Chotima Bottcher doi:10.1038/nm.4349 A new study reveals that virus-associated activation of a subset of circulating monocytes results in the release of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which induces increased turnover of synapses in the brain and learning deficits in mice. See also: Article by Garre et al. The cannabis paradox: when age matters   pp661 - 662 Andres Ozaita and Ester Aso doi:10.1038/nm.4348 New evidence in mouse models reveals that exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component in Cannabis sativa, might improve cognitive performance in aging animals. See also: Letter by Bilkei-Gorzo et al. Nature Medicine JOBS of the week Post-doctoral Positions in Skeletal muscle Stem Cells and molecular medicine Biology of the neuromuscular system Team IMRB U955-E10 Academic appointments in Renal Medicine Imperial College London Regenerative Medicine University of Ottawa Recruitment of Global Outstanding Young Scientists for Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Cheeloo College of Medicine(CCOM), Shandong University Recruit Outstanding Talents Cheeloo College of Medicine(CCOM), Shandong University More Science jobs from Nature Medicine EVENT The National Conference on Wilderness Medicine at Big Sky Resort, Montana 26.07.17 Big Sky, USA More science events from Perspective Top Biology and evolution of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors   pp1 - 10 David S Rickman, Himisha Beltran, Francesca Demichelis and Mark A Rubin doi:10.1038/nm.4341 Rubin and colleagues discuss the origin and evolution of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, and highlight potential new therapeutic strategies. Brief Communications Top Metformin ameliorates core deficits in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome   pp674 - 677 Ilse Gantois, Arkady Khoutorsky, Jelena Popic, Argel Aguilar-Valles, Erika Freemantle et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4335 Metformin treatment for 10 d rescues several behavioral deficits related to fragile X syndrome in adult Fmr1-/y mice. Silent hippocampal seizures and spikes identified by foramen ovale electrodes in Alzheimer's disease   pp678 - 680 Alice D Lam, Gina Deck, Alica Goldman, Emad N Eskandar, Jeffrey Noebels et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4330 Using intracranial electrode recordings in two individuals with Alzheimer's disease, Lam et al. discover hippocampal seizure activity that could not be detected by traditional EEG monitoring. Advertisement Special offer! Recruit for less this summer!  10% discount on our Enhanced job posting package  20% discount on our Premium job posting package Be displayed alongside relevant content across nature.com reaching a potential audience of 10.8 million users.* Post a job now. * Publisher data 2016 Offer ends June 19, 2017   Articles Top Host DNA released by NETosis promotes rhinovirus-induced type-2 allergic asthma exacerbation   pp681 - 691 Marie Toussaint, David J Jackson, Dawid Swieboda, Anabel Guedan, Theodora-Dorita Tsourouktsoglou et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4332 Targeting NETosis alleviates type-2 immunopathology induced by rhinovirus infection in a mouse model of airway hypersensitivity, and correlative data suggest that a similar mechanism may operate in human rhinovirus-exacerbated asthma. See also: News and Views by Busse Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers distinct molecular signatures of stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia   pp692 - 702 Alice Giustacchini, Supat Thongjuea, Nikolaos Barkas, Petter S Woll, Benjamin J Povinelli et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4336 Applying a new, more sensitive single-cell transcriptomics method to diagnosis, remission and progression samples from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia reveals insight into the heterogeneity of cells that resist treatment with targeted therapy, as well as into the dynamics of disease progression and its effects on nontransformed hematopoietic stem cells. See also: News and Views by Eide & Druker Mutational landscape of metastatic cancer revealed from prospective clinical sequencing of 10,000 patients   pp703 - 713 Ahmet Zehir, Ryma Benayed, Ronak H Shah, Aijazuddin Syed, Sumit Middha et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4333 MSK-IMPACT is a clinical sequencing platform able to detect genomic mutations, copy number alterations and structural variants in a panel of cancer-related genes. This assay is implemented prospectively to inform patient enrollment in genomically matched clinical trials at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). Sequencing results of tumor and matched normal tissue from a cohort of >10,000 patients with detailed clinical annotation provide an overview of the genomic landscape of advanced solid cancers and bring new insights into molecularly guided cancer therapy. CX3CR1+ monocytes modulate learning and learning-dependent dendritic spine remodeling via TNF-α   pp714 - 722 Juan Mauricio Garre, Hernandez Moura Silva, Juan J Lafaille and Guang Yang doi:10.1038/nm.4340 In a rodent model of viral infection, immune activation causes impairments in motor-learning-dependent cortical synaptic remodeling that are mediated by peripheral monocytes rather than by CNS-resident microglia. See also: News and Views by Priller & Bottcher MAFB prevents excess inflammation after ischemic stroke by accelerating clearance of damage signals through MSR1   pp723 - 732 Takashi Shichita, Minako Ito, Rimpei Morita, Kyoko Komai, Yoshiko Noguchi et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4312 The scavenger receptor MSR1 contributes to the clearance of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by infiltrating myeloid cells in the post-stroke rodent brain. Myeloid cell MSR1 deficiency impairs clearance and exacerbates stroke-induced impairments, whereas a pharmacological intervention to boost MSR1 expression improves pathological and functional outcomes. Pericytes impair capillary blood flow and motor function after chronic spinal cord injury   pp733 - 741 Yaqing Li, Ana M Lucas-Osma, Sophie Black, Mischa V Bandet, Marilee J Stephens et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4331 In rat models of spinal cord injury, the region of the spinal cord below the site of injury becomes hypoxic owing to inadequate blood flow. This effect on blood flow is due to increased production of neurotransmitters known as /`trace amines,/' which act on pericytes to constrict blood vessels. Alleviation of hypoxia by hyperoxic breathing or inhibition of trace amine synthesis or action improves locomotor function in the injured rats. Tmbim1 is a multivesicular body regulator that protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice and monkeys by targeting the lysosomal degradation of Tlr4   pp742 - 752 Guang-Nian Zhao, Peng Zhang, Jun Gong, Xiao-Jing Zhang, Pi-Xiao Wang et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4334 Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is a key mediator of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression. Targeting TLR4 degradation via the lysosome pathway improves outcome in mouse and monkey models of this condition. Pyruvate kinase M2 activation may protect against the progression of diabetic glomerular pathology and mitochondrial dysfunction   pp753 - 762 Weier Qi, Hillary A Keenan, Qian Li, Atsushi Ishikado, Aimo Kannt et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4328 Studying patients with long-term diabetes who lack diabetic nephropathy reveals that targeting pyruvate kinase M2 protects against renal disease. Advertisement nature.com webcasts Nature presents an editorial webcast on: Rigorous data collection and analysis Date: Monday 19th June 2017 Time: 9AM PDT, 12PM EDT, 5PM BST, 6PM CEST Join experts in experimental design and analysis as they describe common pitfalls and how to avoid them. Register for FREE online Produced with support from: Gilson & sciNote   Letters Top A live-attenuated Zika virus vaccine candidate induces sterilizing immunity in mouse models   pp763 - 767 Chao Shan, Antonio E Muruato, Bruno T D Nunes, Huanle Luo, Xuping Xie et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4322 Pei-Yong Shi and colleagues report that a deletion mutant of Zika virus is safe and effective as a live-attenuated vaccine in mice and induces sterilizing immunity. Their results encourage further testing of the candidate vaccine for possible future use in humans. Decreased alertness due to sleep loss increases pain sensitivity in mice   pp768 - 774 Chloe Alexandre, Alban Latremoliere, Ashley Ferreira, Giulia Miracca, Mihoko Yamamoto et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4329 In mice, sleep loss increases sensitivity to painful stimuli. Restoration of normal sleep or acute treatment with wake-promoting agents can normalize pain sensitivities. Local clearance of senescent cells attenuates the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis and creates a pro-regenerative environment   pp775 - 781 Ok Hee Jeon, Chaekyu Kim, Remi-Martin Laberge, Marco Demaria, Sona Rathod et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4324 Pharmacological or genetic depletion of senescent cells in the joint ameliorates osteoarthritis in mice. A chronic low dose of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) restores cognitive function in old mice   pp782 - 787 Andras Bilkei-Gorzo, Onder Albayram, Astrid Draffehn, Kerstin Michel, Anastasia Piyanova et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4311 In mice aged 12-18 months, chronic administration of low-dose Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) improves performance in behavioral learning and memory tasks, whereas a similar administration in younger mice (aged 2 months) impairs performance. See also: News and Views by Ozaita & Aso Corrigendum Top Corrigendum: SAMHD1 is a biomarker for cytarabine response and a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia   p788 Constanze Schneider, Thomas Oellerich, Hanna-Mari Baldauf, Sarah-Marie Schwarz, Dominique Thomas et al. doi:10.1038/nm0617-788a Errata Top Erratum: PIM1 kinase regulates cell death, tumor growth and chemotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer   p788 Fara Braso-Maristany, Simone Filosto, Steven Catchpole, Rebecca Marlow, Jelmar Quist et al. doi:10.1038/nm0617-788b Erratum: Blocking microglial pannexin-1 channels alleviates morphine withdrawal in rodents   p788 Nicole E Burma, Robert P Bonin, Heather Leduc-Pessah, Corey Baimel, Zoe F Cairncross et al. doi:10.1038/nm0617-788c Erratum: Oncostatin M drives intestinal inflammation and predicts response to tumor necrosis factor-neutralizing therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease   p788 Nathaniel R West, Ahmed N Hegazy, Benjamin M J Owens, Samuel J Bullers, Bryan Linggi et al. doi:10.1038/nm0617-788d Top Advertisement nature.com webcasts Springer Nature presents a custom webcast on: Autophagy Machinery Regulates Cell Death Switching - New Insights with Proximity Ligation Assays Date: Wednesday, June 21, 2017 Time: 9AM CST | 10AM JST | 11AM AEST| 1PM NZST Register for FREE Sponsored by:  MilliporeSigma in U.S., Merck in ROW   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. 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