Nature Geoscience contents: May 2017 Volume 10 Number 6 pp395-461

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Advertisement npj Clean Water: open for submissions An open access, online-only journal, dedicated to publishing high-quality papers that describe the significant and cutting-edge research that continues to ensure the supply of clean water to populations. Explore the benefits of submitting your next manuscript. TABLE OF CONTENTS June 2017 Volume 10, Issue 6 Editorial Commentary News and Views Articles Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Editorial Top Trust we must   p395 doi:10.1038/ngeo2969 Asking people to trust scientists is not enough in times of doubt. Scientists must trust the people too: to make decisions for themselves, once they know the best available evidence. Commentary Top Beyond the water balance   p396 Jeffrey J. McDonnell doi:10.1038/ngeo2964 The terrestrial water cycle is often assessed annually at catchment scale. But water stored in catchments is poorly mixed, and at timescales often well beyond the calculation of annual water balance. News and Views Top Petrology: Ancient magma sources revealed   pp397 - 398 Elizabeth Bell doi:10.1038/ngeo2955 The composition of Earth's oldest crust is uncertain. Comparison of the most ancient mineral grains with more recent analogues suggests that formation of the earliest crust was heavily influenced by re-melting of igneous basement rocks. See also: Article by Burnham & Berry Economic geology: Ocean and ore   p399 Amy Whitchurch doi:10.1038/ngeo2966 Geodynamics: Hot mantle rising   p400 Oliver Shorttle doi:10.1038/ngeo2956 The long-term cooling of Earth's mantle is recorded in the declining temperature and volume of its volcanic outpourings over time. However, analyses of 89-million-year-old lavas from Costa Rica suggest that extremely hot mantle still lurks below. See also: Article by Trela et al. Geoscience JOBS of the week Full-time Faculty Position in Earth System Science Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá Colombia Research Group Leader Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-mer Faculty Positions available in the School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) More Science jobs from Geoscience EVENT International Conference on Earth Science & Geo Science 27.07.17 Sydney, Australia More science events from Advertisement npj Climate and Atmospheric Science: open for submissions An open access, online-only journal providing researchers, policy makers and the public with the latest research on weather and climate, publishing high-quality papers that focus on topics including climate dynamics, climate variability, weather and climate prediction, climate change, weather extremes, atmospheric composition including aerosols, the hydrological cycle and atmosphere-ocean interactions.  Find out more >>    Articles Top Detection of a persistent meteoric metal layer in the Martian atmosphere   pp401 - 404 M. M. J. Crismani, N. M. Schneider, J. M. C. Plane, J. S. Evans, S. K. Jain et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2958 Collisions of dust particles with a planet's atmosphere lead to the accumulation of metallic atoms at high altitudes. MAVEN spacecraft observations reveal a persistent—but temporally variable—metal layer of Mg+ ions in the Martian atmosphere. Large anomalies in lower stratospheric water vapour and ice during the 2015-2016 El Nino   pp405 - 409 Melody A. Avery, Sean M. Davis, Karen H. Rosenlof, Hao Ye & Andrew E. Dessler doi:10.1038/ngeo2961 The El Nino of 2015-2016 was unusual and exceptionally strong. Satellite observations and modelling suggest that convective lofting and sublimation of ice particles during this event contributed to moistening of the lower stratosphere. Regionally strong feedbacks between the atmosphere and terrestrial biosphere   pp410 - 414 Julia K. Green, Alexandra G. Konings, Seyed Hamed Alemohammad, Joseph Berry, Dara Entekhabi et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2957 Understanding biosphere-atmosphere feedback loops can improve forecasts of climate and vegetation resilience. Analyses of satellite observations reveal that feedbacks are strong in regions that determine the net terrestrial carbon balance. Thermodynamically controlled preservation of organic carbon in floodplains   pp415 - 419 Kristin Boye, Vincent Noel, Malak M. Tfaily, Sharon E. Bone, Kenneth H. Williams et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2940 Anoxic carbon decomposition is thought to depend on the energetics of electron acceptors. Mass spectrometry measurements of floodplain sediments reveal that the energetics of organic compounds can also determine whether they are decomposed. Decadal soil carbon accumulation across Tibetan permafrost regions   pp420 - 424 Jinzhi Ding, Leiyi Chen, Chengjun Ji, Gustaf Hugelius, Yingnian Li et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2945 Climate change is expected to release carbon stored in permafrost soils. Sampling of sites across the Tibetan Plateau in the early 2000s and early 2010s reveals increased carbon stocks in shallow soils, which may offset losses from deeper soils. Global aquifers dominated by fossil groundwaters but wells vulnerable to modern contamination   pp425 - 429 Scott Jasechko, Debra Perrone, Kevin M. Befus, M. Bayani Cardenas, Grant Ferguson et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2943 Groundwater that predates the Holocene is commonly assumed to be unaffected by modern contamination. A global analysis of fossil groundwater suggests that modern contaminants are present in deep wells that tap fossil aquifers. Holocene warming in western continental Eurasia driven by glacial retreat and greenhouse forcing   pp430 - 435 Jonathan L. Baker, Matthew S. Lachniet, Olga Chervyatsova, Yemane Asmerom & Victor J. Polyak doi:10.1038/ngeo2953 Models and proxy data diverge on the global temperature evolution of the Holocene, perhaps due to representation of the seasons. Isotopic analyses of stalagmites from the Ural Mountains suggest that winter climate dominated in the Eurasian interior. Quasi-equilibrium melting of quartzite upon extreme friction   pp436 - 441 Sung Keun Lee, Raehee Han, Eun Jeong Kim, Gi Young Jeong, Hoon Khim et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2951 Quartz minerals in Earth's crust are thought to melt at high temperatures. Laboratory friction experiments, however, show that metastable melting of quartz on a fault surface can occur at lower temperatures, and could lead to large earthquakes. Deep and shallow long-period volcanic seismicity linked by fluid-pressure transfer   pp442 - 445 N. M. Shapiro, D. V. Droznin, S. Ya. Droznina, S. L. Senyukov, A. A. Gusev et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2952 Shallow volcanic earthquakes can aid eruption forecasts. Analysis of seismicity beneath the Klyuchevskoy volcano group in Russia reveals much deeper magma-induced earthquakes that may serve as an early eruption indicator. Lifetime and size of shallow magma bodies controlled by crustal-scale magmatism   pp446 - 450 Ozge Karakas, Wim Degruyter, Olivier Bachmann & Josef Dufek doi:10.1038/ngeo2959 Super-eruptions require high magma supply rates. Numerical simulations show that even for volcanoes with low supply rates, the warming influence of magma on the crust prevents solidification, allowing super-eruption volumes of magma to accumulate. The hottest lavas of the Phanerozoic and the survival of deep Archaean reservoirs   pp451 - 456 Jarek Trela, Esteban Gazel, Alexander V. Sobolev, Lowell Moore, Michael Bizimis et al. doi:10.1038/ngeo2954 Earth's mantle has cooled since the Archaean. Geochemical identification of anomalously hot lavas formed above the Galapagos Plume 89 million years ago, however, implies that a hot mantle reservoir may have persisted for billions of years. See also: News and Views by Shorttle Formation of Hadean granites by melting of igneous crust   pp457 - 461 A. D. Burnham & A. J. Berry doi:10.1038/ngeo2942 The formation process for the oldest mineral grains on Earth has remained elusive. A comparison of trace element concentrations of these ancient zircons with known material suggests melting of igneous crust as their source. See also: News and Views by Bell Advertisement Call for nominations: 2017 John Maddox Prize for Standing up for Science. Recognising the work of individuals who promote science in the face of hostility. Winners will be announced at a reception in London, as well as in Nature, and will receive £2,000. Closing date for nominations is 31st July 2017. 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