| Cell cycle: Division enzyme regulates metabolism Cell division requires the action of key regulator proteins called cyclins and CDKs. It emerges that a cyclin–CDK complex can regulate cell metabolism, and targeting this metabolic regulation causes tumour regression in mice. | Vision: These retinas are made for walkin' Measurements of the activity of neurons called direction-selective ganglion cells in the mouse retina explain how visual motion encoded by the eye maps onto body movements such as walking. | Exosomes facilitate therapeutic targeting of oncogenic KRAS in pancreatic cancer Exosomes improve the delivery of siRNA to mutant KRAS in the pancreatic tumours and bypass immune clearance better than artificial liposomes, probably owing to enhanced macropinocytocis and presence of CD47 on exosomes, respectively. | Single-molecule analysis of ligand efficacy in β2AR–G-protein activation Single-molecule FRET imaging provides insights into the allosteric link between the ligand-binding and G-protein nucleotide-binding pockets of the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and improved understanding of the G-protein activation mechanism. | A retinal code for motion along the gravitational and body axes Global mapping shows that mouse retinal neurons prefer visual motion produced when the animal moves along two behaviourally relevant axes, allowing the encoding of the animal’s every translation and rotation. | The extracellular matrix protein Agrin promotes heart regeneration in mice | Stability and function of regulatory T cells expressing the transcription factor T-bet Regulatory T cells expressing the transcription factor T-bet selectively suppress TH1 and CD8 T cells, but not TH2 or TH17 activation and associated autoimmunity. | A giant planet undergoing extreme-ultraviolet irradiation by its hot massive-star host The giant planet KELT-9b has a dayside temperature of about 4,600 K, which is sufficiently high to dissociate molecules and to evaporate its atmosphere, owing to its hot stellar host. | Rare cell variability and drug-induced reprogramming as a mode of cancer drug resistance Through drug exposure, a rare, transient transcriptional program characterized by high levels of expression of known resistance drivers can get ‘burned in’, leading to the selection of cells endowed with a transcriptional drug resistance and thus more chemoresistant cancers. | The metabolic function of cyclin D3–CDK6 kinase in cancer cell survival The cyclin D3–CDK6 kinase complex, which is overactive in some cancers, inhibits two key glycolysis enzymes and thereby enhances the levels of antioxidants in cells, promoting tumour cell survival. | Principles of early human development and germ cell program from conserved model systems The authors trace the emergence of porcine primordial germ cells and develop in vitro models of primordial germ cell development from human and monkey pluripotent stem cells in order to provide insight into early human development. | Dystrophin glycoprotein complex sequesters Yap to inhibit cardiomyocyte proliferation | | | |
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KAUST Discovery highlights the cutting-edge research, technologies and innovations emerging from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. From biotechnology, to solar, to materials and marine science: KAUST is working on it. | | | | | | | | | | | Flavour-changing neutral currents making and breaking the standard model The standard model of particle physics is incomplete, but experimental particle decays that occur through a ‘flavour-changing neutral current’ process, which show discrepancies to standard model predictions, may offer hints to the existence of new particles. F. Archilli, M.-O. Bettler, P. Owen et al. | A challenge to lepton universality in B-meson decays Recent measurements of B-meson decays in which tau leptons are produced might challenge the standard model assumption that interactions of leptons differ only because of their different masses. Gregory Ciezarek, Manuel Franco Sevilla, Brian Hamilton et al. | Nutrient acquisition strategies of mammalian cells A review of cellular strategies for nutrient sensing and acquisition, including how these strategies can be exploited by cancer cells. Wilhelm Palm, Craig B. Thompson | | Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals Intrinsic long-range ferromagnetic order is observed in few-layer Cr2Ge2Te6 crystals, with a transition temperature that can be controlled using small magnetic fields. Cheng Gong, Lin Li, Zhenglu Li et al. | Frequency dependence limits divergent evolution by favouring rare immigrants over residents In a study using stickleback fish, negative frequency-dependent selection favours rare immigrants over common residents, weakening the effect of divergent natural selection. Daniel I. Bolnick, William E. Stutz | The B-cell receptor controls fitness of MYC-driven lymphoma cells via GSK3β inhibition Combined studies in MYC-driven mouse lymphomas and human Burkitt lymphoma unravel an essential role for the B-cell antigen receptor in the control of tumour B-cell fitness both in vitro and in vivo, with possible biological and clinical implications. Gabriele Varano, Simon Raffel, Martina Sormani et al. | Accelerated discovery of two crystal structure types in a complex inorganic phase field A computational tool that combines human-like chemical understanding with ab initio methods guides the compositional choice of complex five-component metallic oxides, yielding two new complex crystal structures. C. Collins, M. S. Dyer, M. J. Pitcher et al. | Genetic wiring maps of single-cell protein states reveal an off-switch for GPCR signalling Random mutagenesis in haploid human cells coupled to quantitative protein measurements with different antibodies is used as a readout for individual cellular phenotypes. Markus Brockmann, Vincent A. Blomen, Joppe Nieuwenhuis et al. | Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit Magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy is used to show that monolayer chromium triiodide is an Ising ferromagnet with out-of-plane spin orientation. Bevin Huang, Genevieve Clark, Efrén Navarro-Moratalla et al. | Microresonator-based solitons for massively parallel coherent optical communications Frequency combs produced by solitons in silicon-based optical microresonators are used to transmit data streams of more than 50 terabits per second in telecommunication wavelength bands. Pablo Marin-Palomo, Juned N. Kemal, Maxim Karpov et al. | New fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo sapiens New human fossils from Jebel Irhoud (Morocco) document the earliest evolutionary stage of Homo sapiens and display modern conditions of the face and mandible combined with more primative features of the neurocranium. Jean-Jacques Hublin, Abdelouahed Ben-Ncer, Shara E. Bailey et al. | The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age Thermoluminescence dating of fire-heated flint artefacts, and directly associated newly discovered remains of Homo sapiens, indicate that the Middle Stone Age site of Jebel Irhoud in Morocco is 383–247 thousand years old. Daniel Richter, Rainer Grün, Renaud Joannes-Boyau et al. | Dynamic corticostriatal activity biases social bonding in monogamous female prairie voles In a prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) model of social bonding, a functional circuit from the prefrontal cortex to nucleus accumbens is dynamically modulated to enhance females’ affiliative behaviour towards a partner. Elizabeth A. Amadei, Zachary V. Johnson, Yong Jun Kwon et al. | Human GLP-1 receptor transmembrane domain structure in complex with allosteric modulators Crystal structures of the human GLP-1 receptor in complex with two negative allosteric modulators reveal a common binding pocket, and, together with mutagenesis and modelling studies, further our understanding of the receptor activation mechanism. Gaojie Song, Dehua Yang, Yuxia Wang et al. | | | | |
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