Wednesday, May 24, 2017

Nature contents: 25 May 2017

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  journal cover  
Nature Volume 545 Issue 7655
 
This Week  
 
 
Editorials  
 
 
 
Clock is ticking for WHO decision over Taiwan
The World Health Organization shouldn’t allow regional politics to hamper public health.
Intelligence research should not be held back by its past
The nuances achieved by modern genetics can be used to dispel a history of racism and elitism.
Eighty-eight days till the next total eclipse of the Sun
Nature won’t repeat the mistake of its founding editor when this summer’s totality is visible in the United States.
 
World View  
 
 
 
Publish houses of brick, not mansions of straw
Papers need to include fewer claims and more proof to make the scientific literature more reliable, warns William G. Kaelin Jr.
 
Seven Days  
 
 
 
Quantum computing, election pledges and a thief who made science history
The week in science: 19–25 May 2017.
Research Highlights  
 
 
 
This issue's Research Highlights
Selections from the scientific literature.
 
 
 
 
 
News in Focus
 
Iron-dumping ocean experiment sparks controversy
Canadian foundation says its field research could boost fisheries in Chile, but researchers doubt its motives.
Jeff Tollefson
  Fixing the tomato: CRISPR edits correct plant-breeding snafu
Geneticists harness two mutations — each cherished by breeders, but detrimental when combined — to improve on 10,000 years of tomato domestication.
Heidi Ledford
China expands DNA data grab in troubled western region
Alarms raised over suspected efforts to collect massive numbers of genetic samples from citizens.
David Cyranoski
  Drop in cases of Zika threatens large-scale trials
Studies are struggling to recruit participants following a marked drop in cases of the virus.
Declan Butler
Earth-observing companies push for more-advanced science satellites
Firms seek to develop sophisticated instruments to compete with government offerings.
Gabriel Popkin
 
Features  
 
 
 
The best-kept secrets to winning grants
With competition for research funding approaching an all-time high, experts reveal their top tips and tricks.
Kendall Powell
Multimedia  
 
 
Nature: 25 May 2017
This week, E. coli with colour vision, tracing the Zika virus outbreak, and a roadmap for medical microbots.
Correction  
 
 
Corrections
 
 
Nature Neuroscience presents this animation, which introduces the molecular, cellular and physiological mechanisms associated with Alzheimer's disease and highlights some of the most recent advances in our understanding of the onset and progression of this devastating neurological condition. 
 
 
Comment
 
The environment needs cryptogovernance
The blockchain technology that underpins cryptographic currencies can support sustainability by building trust and avoiding corruption, explains Guillaume Chapron.
Guillaume Chapron
Medical microbots need better imaging and control
Mariana Medina-Sánchez and Oliver G. Schmidt set priorities for more realistic tests of tiny machines that could be used to diagnose and treat conditions.
Mariana Medina-Sánchez, Oliver G. Schmidt
Books and Arts  
 
 
 
Astronomy: An all-American eclipse
Jay Pasachoff enjoys four books heralding this summer's US total solar eclipse.
Jay Pasachoff
Museums: The life and times of a curiosity-monger
Henry Nicholls revels in a biography of Enlightenment collector and Royal Society president Hans Sloane.
Henry Nicholls
Books in brief
Barbara Kiser reviews five of the week's best science picks.
Barbara Kiser
Correspondence  
 
 
 
Impact factors: Is the Nature Index at odds with DORA?
Ludo Waltman, Vincent Traag
  Cod stocks: Don't derail cod's comeback in Canada
Sherrylynn Rowe, George A Rose
Molecular taxonomy: Species disconnected from DNA sequences
Peter Uetz, Akhil Garg
  Predatory journals: outwit with a safe list
Henry Woo
 
 
Specials
 
TECHNOLOGY FEATURE  
 
 
 
The making of a medical microchip
Microfluidic devices filled with intricate channels that exploit fluid behaviour promise to make it easier to diagnose genetic disease.
Amber Dance
NATURE INDEX  
 
 
 
A close look at China's rise
Nicky Phillips
Onward and upward
Inter-city connections
Close range
Some of China's many cities have scientific expertise that complement each other, contributing to a rich and varied research environment.
Peng Tian, Flynn Murphy
Comment: Programmed to fulfill global ambitions
Casting a wider net for excellence in China's higher education system.
Wang Qi
China's blue-chip future
The country publishes more articles in materials science than any other nation, but to reap the economic benefits it needs to apply this research.
Peng Tian
Meet the power players
Organic polymer solar cells are set to revolutionize photovoltaic technology. Five of the world's leaders in the field are at the same institution
Keeping a lid on open science
Efforts to promote and enforce shared research have made progress in China, but there is much room for improvement.
Hepeng Jia
Comment: Transparency is a growth industry
A fierce public debate over the safety of genetically modified food has put pressure on Chinese researchers to engage with the public about their work.
Joy Zhang
The value of nostalgia in a land of upheaval
Psychology is an increasingly relevant discipline as the destabilizing effects of rapid social change take hold in China.
Flynn Murphy
A guide to the Nature Index
A description of the terminology and methodology used in this supplement, and a guide to the functionality available free online at natureindex.com
 
 
Research
 
NEW ONLINE  
 
 
 
Epidemiology: Molecular mapping of Zika spread
Evolutionary trees constructed using both newly sequenced and previously available Zika virus genomes reveal how the recent outbreak arose in Brazil and spread across the Americas.
Astrophysics: Multi-molecular views of a stellar nursery
New detectors for radio telescopes can map emissions from many different molecules simultaneously across interstellar clouds. One such pioneering study has probed a wide area of a star-forming cloud in the Orion constellation.
Cell imaging: An intracellular dance visualized
The development of a microscopy technique that enables observation of the interactions between six types of organelle, in 3D and over time, holds promise for improving our understanding of intracellular processes.
Climate science: Cracking the palaeoclimate code
The geological record contains evidence of how Earth's climate responded to periodic changes in our planet's orbit and rotation. An investigation reveals how this record can be leveraged to constrain estimates of past climate dynamics.
Blocking FSH induces thermogenic adipose tissue and reduces body fat
An antibody against the pituitary hormone Fsh reduces adiposity and increases thermogenesis in ovariectomized mice or mice fed a high-fat diet.
A neural circuit architecture for angular integration in Drosophila
A neural circuit in Drosophila reveals how the fly’s internal sense of heading rotates when it turns.
Cryo-EM structure of the activated GLP-1 receptor in complex with a G protein
The structure of the GLP-1 receptor complexed with its ligand offers insight into the mechanism of class B G-protein-coupled receptor activation.
Ensemble cryo-EM elucidates the mechanism of translation fidelity
Structural ensembles of the 70S ribosome bound to cognate or near-cognate charged tRNAs in complex with EF-Tu illustrate the crucial role of the nucleotide G530 in decoding of mRNA, and demonstrate that translational fidelity results from direct control of GTPase by the decoding centre.
Structure of a pre-catalytic spliceosome
Lymphatic endothelial S1P promotes mitochondrial function and survival in naive T cells
The chemoattractant S1P is identified as an extrinsic factor that supports naive T cell survival, and acts via a signalling mechanism to maintain mitochondrial content and function.
CPS1 maintains pyrimidine pools and DNA synthesis in KRAS/LKB1-mutant lung cancer cells
In human cell lines with mutant KRAS and loss of LKB1, CPS1 expression correlates inversely with LKB1 expression; silencing CPS1 in these cells induces DNA damage and cell death as a result of pyrimidine depletion rather than ammonia toxicity.
Large conservation gains possible for global biodiversity facets
Expanding protected areas for ecological conservation by just 5% has the potential to markedly increase terrestrial biodiversity protection.
Applying systems-level spectral imaging and analysis to reveal the organelle interactome
Using confocal and lattice light sheet microscopy, the authors perform systems-level analysis of the organelle interactome in live cells, allowing them to visualize the frequency and locality of up to five-way interactions between different organelles.
The sunflower genome provides insights into oil metabolism, flowering and Asterid evolution OPEN
A high-quality reference for the sunflower genome (Helianthus annuus L.) and analysis of gene networks involved in flowering time and oil metabolism provide a basis for nutritional exploitation and analyses of adaptation to climate change.
Leaf bacterial diversity mediates plant diversity and ecosystem function relationships
A tree biodiversity and ecosystem function experiment shows that leaf bacterial diversity is positively related to plant community productivity, and explains a portion of the variation in productivity that would otherwise be attributed to plant diversity and functional traits.
Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States
Genome sequencing of Zika virus samples from infected patients and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Florida shows that the virus was probably introduced into the United States on multiple occasions, and that the Caribbean is the most likely source.
Establishment and cryptic transmission of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas
Virus genomes reveal the establishment of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas, and provide an appropriate timeframe for baseline (pre-Zika) microcephaly in different regions.
Zika virus evolution and spread in the Americas
One hundred and ten Zika virus genomes from ten countries and territories involved in the Zika virus epidemic reveal rapid expansion of the epidemic within Brazil and multiple introductions to other regions.
News and Views  
 
 
 
Blood: Education for stem cells
Carolina Guibentif, Berthold Göttgens
Quantum physics: A firmer grip on the Hubbard model
Thierry Giamarchi
Medical research: Personalized test tracks cancer relapse
Alberto Bardelli
 
Advertising.
Astronomy: Quasars signpost massive galaxies
Rychard Bouwens
 
50 & 100 Years Ago
Plant Biology: An immunity boost combats crop disease
Julia Bailey-Serres, Wenbo Ma
 
In Retrospect: Global health estimated over two decades
Peter Byass
Reviews  
 
 
 
Therapeutic T cell engineering
The use of genetically engineered T cells in the treatment of cancer is reviewed, with particular focus on anti-CD19 chimaeric antigen receptor therapy, providing a summary of past progress and current status, and potential future directions.
Michel Sadelain, Isabelle Rivière, Stanley Riddell
Articles  
 
 
 
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell conversion of human pluripotent stem cell-derived haemogenic endothelium.
Ryohichi Sugimura, Deepak Kumar Jha, Areum Han et al.
Conversion of adult endothelium to immunocompetent haematopoietic stem cells
The authors reprogram in vitro endothelial cells from adult mice into engraftable haematopoietic stem cells that display single-cell and multilineage properties, are capable of long-term self-renewal and can reconstitute T cell adaptive immune function.
Raphael Lis, Charles C. Karrasch, Michael G. Poulos et al.
Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early-stage lung cancer evolution
Circulating tumour DNA profiling in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer can be used to track single-nucleotide variants in plasma to predict lung cancer relapse and identify tumour subclones involved in the metastatic process.
Christopher Abbosh, Nicolai J. Birkbak, Gareth A. Wilson et al.
Chromatin states define tumour-specific T cell dysfunction and reprogramming
Epigenetic programming of T cells in solid tumours from a functional to a dysfunctional state occurs in two phases, and only the first phase is reversible.
Mary Philip, Lauren Fairchild, Liping Sun et al.
Letters  
 
 
 
Rapidly star-forming galaxies adjacent to quasars at redshifts exceeding 6
Four galaxies discovered near quasars at redshifts exceeding 6 have star-formation rates that are high enough to explain the massive elliptical galaxies known to exist at redshifts of about 4.
R. Decarli, F. Walter, B. P. Venemans et al.
Global translational reprogramming is a fundamental layer of immune regulation in plants
Global translatome analysis shows that plants also modify their translational output—independently of the changes in transcriptional output—to establish pattern-triggered immunity.
Guoyong Xu, George H. Greene, Heejin Yoo et al.
The concurrent emergence and causes of double volcanic hotspot tracks on the Pacific plate
The emergence of geographically and geochemically distinct double volcanic chains on the Pacific plate coincides with a recent azimuthal change in the motion of the plate.
T. D. Jones, D. R. Davies, I. H. Campbell et al.
Identification of preoptic sleep neurons using retrograde labelling and gene profiling
Identification of sleep-active and sleep-promoting neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus using neural projection tracing tools to target this population among a group of intermingled neurons, all with various functions.
Shinjae Chung, Franz Weber, Peng Zhong et al.
A cold-atom Fermi–Hubbard antiferromagnet
An antiferromagnet with a correlation length that encompasses the whole system is created with the aid of quantum gas microscopy of cold atoms in an optical lattice.
Anton Mazurenko, Christie S. Chiu, Geoffrey Ji et al.
Impacts and mitigation of excess diesel-related NOx emissions in 11 major vehicle markets
Across markets accounting for 80 per cent of global diesel vehicle sales, more than a third of diesel nitrogen oxide emissions are in excess of certification limits, causing many deaths.
Susan C. Anenberg, Joshua Miller, Ray Minjares et al.
Evolutionary enhancement of Zika virus infectivity in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
A mutation that increases the secretion of Zika virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) in infected hosts enhances the ability of the virus to infect its mosquito vector Aedes aegypti and might have contributed to the recent Zika epidemic.
Yang Liu, Jianying Liu, Senyan Du et al.
uORF-mediated translation allows engineered plant disease resistance without fitness costs
In both laboratory and field studies, engineering translational control of immune mediator production in Arabidopsis and rice confers disease resistance, without compromising plant fitness.
Guoyong Xu, Meng Yuan, Chaoren Ai et al.
PD-1 expression by tumour-associated macrophages inhibits phagocytosis and tumour immunity
Mouse and human tumour-associated macrophages express PD-1, which increases with cancer stage and induces decreased phagocytosis by macrophages; by contrast, PD-L1 removal increases phagocytosis in vivo, decreases tumour burden and increases survival of mice.
Sydney R. Gordon, Roy L. Maute, Ben W. Dulken et al.
Cancer progression by reprogrammed BCAA metabolism in myeloid leukaemia
BCAT1, a cytosolic aminotransferase for branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), is aberrantly activated and functionally required for disease progression in chronic myeloid leukaemia.
Ayuna Hattori, Makoto Tsunoda, Takaaki Konuma et al.
Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks
Affinity purification–mass spectrometry elucidates protein interaction networks and co-complexes to build, to our knowledge, the largest experimentally derived human protein interaction network so far, termed BioPlex 2.0.
Edward L. Huttlin, Raphael J. Bruckner, Joao A. Paulo et al.
Corrigenda  
 
 
 
Corrigendum: An intermediate-mass black hole in the centre of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae
Bülent Kızıltan, Holger Baumgardt, Abraham Loeb
Corrigendum: The genome of Chenopodium quinoa
David E. Jarvis, Yung Shwen Ho, Damien J. Lightfoot et al.
Corrigendum: Earth’s first stable continents did not form by subduction
Tim E. Johnson, Michael Brown, Nicholas J. Gardiner et al.
 
 
 
August 9-11, 2017 | New York, NY
 
Presented by: New York University (NYU) | Nature Genetics | Nature Neuroscience
 
 
 
Careers & Jobs
 
Feature  
 
 
 
Education: Combine and conquer
Amber Dance
Q&AS  
 
 
 
Correction
Career Briefs  
 
 
 
Doctorates: PhD gender gap
Futures  
 
 
Let me sleep when I die
Time to say goodbye.
Wendy Nikel
 
 
 
 
 

naturejobs.com

naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week

 
 
 

Postdoctoral Scholar

 
 

Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (Mathematical Soft Matter Unit) 

 
 
 
 
 

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Melbourne University 

 
 
 
 
 

Faculty Positions Available in Southwest University

 
 

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natureevents directory featured events

 
 
 
 

International Conference on Translational Medicine and Health Sciences (ICTMHS)

 
 

27.10.17 Semarang, Indonesia

 
 
 
 

Natureevents Directory is the premier resource for scientists looking for the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia. Featured across Nature Publishing Group journals and centrally at natureevents.com it is an essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide.

 
 
 
 
 
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