| Epidemiology: Molecular mapping of Zika spread Evolutionary trees constructed using both newly sequenced and previously available Zika virus genomes reveal how the recent outbreak arose in Brazil and spread across the Americas. | Astrophysics: Multi-molecular views of a stellar nursery New detectors for radio telescopes can map emissions from many different molecules simultaneously across interstellar clouds. One such pioneering study has probed a wide area of a star-forming cloud in the Orion constellation. | Cell imaging: An intracellular dance visualized The development of a microscopy technique that enables observation of the interactions between six types of organelle, in 3D and over time, holds promise for improving our understanding of intracellular processes. | Climate science: Cracking the palaeoclimate code The geological record contains evidence of how Earth's climate responded to periodic changes in our planet's orbit and rotation. An investigation reveals how this record can be leveraged to constrain estimates of past climate dynamics. | Blocking FSH induces thermogenic adipose tissue and reduces body fat An antibody against the pituitary hormone Fsh reduces adiposity and increases thermogenesis in ovariectomized mice or mice fed a high-fat diet. | A neural circuit architecture for angular integration in Drosophila A neural circuit in Drosophila reveals how the fly’s internal sense of heading rotates when it turns. | Cryo-EM structure of the activated GLP-1 receptor in complex with a G protein The structure of the GLP-1 receptor complexed with its ligand offers insight into the mechanism of class B G-protein-coupled receptor activation. | Ensemble cryo-EM elucidates the mechanism of translation fidelity Structural ensembles of the 70S ribosome bound to cognate or near-cognate charged tRNAs in complex with EF-Tu illustrate the crucial role of the nucleotide G530 in decoding of mRNA, and demonstrate that translational fidelity results from direct control of GTPase by the decoding centre. | Structure of a pre-catalytic spliceosome | Lymphatic endothelial S1P promotes mitochondrial function and survival in naive T cells The chemoattractant S1P is identified as an extrinsic factor that supports naive T cell survival, and acts via a signalling mechanism to maintain mitochondrial content and function. | CPS1 maintains pyrimidine pools and DNA synthesis in KRAS/LKB1-mutant lung cancer cells In human cell lines with mutant KRAS and loss of LKB1, CPS1 expression correlates inversely with LKB1 expression; silencing CPS1 in these cells induces DNA damage and cell death as a result of pyrimidine depletion rather than ammonia toxicity. | Large conservation gains possible for global biodiversity facets Expanding protected areas for ecological conservation by just 5% has the potential to markedly increase terrestrial biodiversity protection. | Applying systems-level spectral imaging and analysis to reveal the organelle interactome Using confocal and lattice light sheet microscopy, the authors perform systems-level analysis of the organelle interactome in live cells, allowing them to visualize the frequency and locality of up to five-way interactions between different organelles. | The sunflower genome provides insights into oil metabolism, flowering and Asterid evolution OPEN A high-quality reference for the sunflower genome (Helianthus annuus L.) and analysis of gene networks involved in flowering time and oil metabolism provide a basis for nutritional exploitation and analyses of adaptation to climate change. | Leaf bacterial diversity mediates plant diversity and ecosystem function relationships A tree biodiversity and ecosystem function experiment shows that leaf bacterial diversity is positively related to plant community productivity, and explains a portion of the variation in productivity that would otherwise be attributed to plant diversity and functional traits. | Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States Genome sequencing of Zika virus samples from infected patients and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Florida shows that the virus was probably introduced into the United States on multiple occasions, and that the Caribbean is the most likely source. | Establishment and cryptic transmission of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas Virus genomes reveal the establishment of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas, and provide an appropriate timeframe for baseline (pre-Zika) microcephaly in different regions. | Zika virus evolution and spread in the Americas One hundred and ten Zika virus genomes from ten countries and territories involved in the Zika virus epidemic reveal rapid expansion of the epidemic within Brazil and multiple introductions to other regions. | | Therapeutic T cell engineering The use of genetically engineered T cells in the treatment of cancer is reviewed, with particular focus on anti-CD19 chimaeric antigen receptor therapy, providing a summary of past progress and current status, and potential future directions. Michel Sadelain, Isabelle Rivière, Stanley Riddell | | Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell conversion of human pluripotent stem cell-derived haemogenic endothelium. Ryohichi Sugimura, Deepak Kumar Jha, Areum Han et al. | Conversion of adult endothelium to immunocompetent haematopoietic stem cells The authors reprogram in vitro endothelial cells from adult mice into engraftable haematopoietic stem cells that display single-cell and multilineage properties, are capable of long-term self-renewal and can reconstitute T cell adaptive immune function. Raphael Lis, Charles C. Karrasch, Michael G. Poulos et al. | Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early-stage lung cancer evolution Circulating tumour DNA profiling in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer can be used to track single-nucleotide variants in plasma to predict lung cancer relapse and identify tumour subclones involved in the metastatic process. Christopher Abbosh, Nicolai J. Birkbak, Gareth A. Wilson et al. | Chromatin states define tumour-specific T cell dysfunction and reprogramming Epigenetic programming of T cells in solid tumours from a functional to a dysfunctional state occurs in two phases, and only the first phase is reversible. Mary Philip, Lauren Fairchild, Liping Sun et al. | | Rapidly star-forming galaxies adjacent to quasars at redshifts exceeding 6 Four galaxies discovered near quasars at redshifts exceeding 6 have star-formation rates that are high enough to explain the massive elliptical galaxies known to exist at redshifts of about 4. R. Decarli, F. Walter, B. P. Venemans et al. | Global translational reprogramming is a fundamental layer of immune regulation in plants Global translatome analysis shows that plants also modify their translational output—independently of the changes in transcriptional output—to establish pattern-triggered immunity. Guoyong Xu, George H. Greene, Heejin Yoo et al. | The concurrent emergence and causes of double volcanic hotspot tracks on the Pacific plate The emergence of geographically and geochemically distinct double volcanic chains on the Pacific plate coincides with a recent azimuthal change in the motion of the plate. T. D. Jones, D. R. Davies, I. H. Campbell et al. | Identification of preoptic sleep neurons using retrograde labelling and gene profiling Identification of sleep-active and sleep-promoting neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus using neural projection tracing tools to target this population among a group of intermingled neurons, all with various functions. Shinjae Chung, Franz Weber, Peng Zhong et al. | A cold-atom Fermi–Hubbard antiferromagnet An antiferromagnet with a correlation length that encompasses the whole system is created with the aid of quantum gas microscopy of cold atoms in an optical lattice. Anton Mazurenko, Christie S. Chiu, Geoffrey Ji et al. | Impacts and mitigation of excess diesel-related NOx emissions in 11 major vehicle markets Across markets accounting for 80 per cent of global diesel vehicle sales, more than a third of diesel nitrogen oxide emissions are in excess of certification limits, causing many deaths. Susan C. Anenberg, Joshua Miller, Ray Minjares et al. | Evolutionary enhancement of Zika virus infectivity in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes A mutation that increases the secretion of Zika virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) in infected hosts enhances the ability of the virus to infect its mosquito vector Aedes aegypti and might have contributed to the recent Zika epidemic. Yang Liu, Jianying Liu, Senyan Du et al. | uORF-mediated translation allows engineered plant disease resistance without fitness costs In both laboratory and field studies, engineering translational control of immune mediator production in Arabidopsis and rice confers disease resistance, without compromising plant fitness. Guoyong Xu, Meng Yuan, Chaoren Ai et al. | PD-1 expression by tumour-associated macrophages inhibits phagocytosis and tumour immunity Mouse and human tumour-associated macrophages express PD-1, which increases with cancer stage and induces decreased phagocytosis by macrophages; by contrast, PD-L1 removal increases phagocytosis in vivo, decreases tumour burden and increases survival of mice. Sydney R. Gordon, Roy L. Maute, Ben W. Dulken et al. | Cancer progression by reprogrammed BCAA metabolism in myeloid leukaemia BCAT1, a cytosolic aminotransferase for branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), is aberrantly activated and functionally required for disease progression in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Ayuna Hattori, Makoto Tsunoda, Takaaki Konuma et al. | Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks Affinity purification–mass spectrometry elucidates protein interaction networks and co-complexes to build, to our knowledge, the largest experimentally derived human protein interaction network so far, termed BioPlex 2.0. Edward L. Huttlin, Raphael J. Bruckner, Joao A. Paulo et al. | | | | |
No comments:
Post a Comment