Scientific Reports Biology Table of Contents e-alert: 18 April 2017

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18 April 2017      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               Biological Sciences               Complete fold annotation of the human proteome using a novel structural feature space ▶     Sarah A. Middleton, Joseph Illuminati, Junhyong Kim     Recognition of protein structural fold is the starting point for many structure prediction tools and protein function inference. Fold prediction is computationally demanding and …             Staphylococcus sciuri bacteriophages double-convert for staphylokinase and phospholipase, mediate interspecies plasmid transduction, and package mecA gene ▶     M. Zeman, I. Mašlanová, A. Indráková et al.     Staphylococcus sciuri is a bacterial pathogen associated with infections in animals and humans, and represents a reservoir for the mecA gene encoding methicillin-resistance in …             CMD-05, a novel promising clinical anti-diabetic drug candidate, in vivo and vitro studies ▶     Jie Ma, Huan Li, Xiangnan Hu et al.     Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor has been expected to be a new class of anti-diabetic agent. The present study was designed to characterize the pharmacological profiles …             Mucosal IgA and IFN-?+ CD8 T cell immunity are important in the efficacy of live Salmonella enteria serovar Choleraesuis vaccines ▶     Liangquan Zhu, Xinxin Zhao, Qing Yin et al.     Salmonellosis, a disease caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella strains which can be transmitted from swine to humans, is one of the leading public health problems around the world. …             Transcriptome analyses of differential gene expression in the bursa of Fabricius between Silky Fowl and White Leghorn ▶     Deping Han, Yuanyuan Zhang, Jianfei Chen et al.     Hyperpigmentation in Silky Fowl (SF) results in aberrant immune cell development. However, how melanocytes regulate B-cell proliferation in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) is …             Actomyosin contractility provokes contact inhibition in E-cadherin-ligated keratinocytes ▶     Hiroaki Hirata, Mikhail Samsonov, Masahiro Sokabe     Confluence-dependent inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation, termed contact inhibition, is crucial for epithelial homeostasis and organ size control. Here we report that …             The role of focal adhesion anchoring domains of CAS in mechanotransduction ▶     Jaroslav Braniš, Csilla Pataki, Marina Spörrer et al.     CAS is a docking protein, which was shown to act as a mechanosensor in focal adhesions. The unique assembly of structural domains in CAS is important for its function as a …             Inhibition of endocytic pathways impacts cytomegalovirus maturation ▶     Madeline A. Archer, Teal M. Brechtel, Leslie E. Davis et al.     Endocytic processes are critical for cellular entry of several viruses; however, the role of endocytosis in cellular trafficking of viruses beyond virus entry is only partially …             Ribosomal background of the Bacillus cereus group thermotypes ▶     Krzysztof Fiedoruk, Justyna M. Drewnowska, Tamara Daniluk et al.     In this study we reconstructed the architecture of Bacillus cereus sensu lato population based on ribosomal proteins, and identified a link between the ribosomal proteins’ …             Nkx2-5 and Sarcospan genetically interact in the development of the muscular ventricular septum of the heart ▶     Adam A. Panzer, Suk D. Regmi, DePorres Cormier et al.     The muscular ventricular septum separates the flow of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood in air-breathing vertebrates. Defects within it, termed muscular ventricular septal …             Restoring visual function to the blind retina with a potent, safe and long-lasting photoswitch ▶     Ivan Tochitsky, Jay Trautman, Nicholas Gallerani et al.     Photoswitch compounds such as DENAQ confer light-sensitivity on endogenous neuronal ion channels, enabling photocontrol of neuronal activity without genetic manipulation. DENAQ …             Male alliance behaviour and mating access varies with habitat in a dolphin social network ▶     Richard C. Connor, William R. Cioffi, Srdan Randic et al.     Within-species variation in social structure has attracted interest recently because of the potential to explore phenotypic plasticity and, specifically, how demographic and …             Sensitivity and accuracy of high-throughput metabarcoding methods for early detection of invasive fish species ▶     Chelsea Hatzenbuhler, John R. Kelly, John Martinson et al.     High-throughput DNA metabarcoding has gained recognition as a potentially powerful tool for biomonitoring, including early detection of aquatic invasive species (AIS). DNA based …             Peptidoglycan O-acetylation increases in response to vancomycin treatment in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis ▶     James D. Chang, Erin E. Foster, Ashley G. Wallace et al.     Vancomycin resistance is conferred upon vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) through the replacement of peptidoglycan (PG) stem terminal d-Ala-d-Ala with d-Ala-d-Lac. The d-Ala-…             Anchored but not internalized: shape dependent endocytosis of nanodiamond ▶     Bokai Zhang, Xi Feng, Hang Yin et al.     Nanoparticle-cell interactions begin with the cellular uptake of the nanoparticles, a process that eventually determines their cellular fate. In the present work, we show that …             Emergence of a coherent and cohesive swarm based on mutual anticipation ▶     Hisashi Murakami, Takayuki Niizato, Yukio-Pegio Gunji     Collective behavior emerging out of self-organization is one of the most striking properties of an animal group. Typically, it is hypothesized that each individual in an animal …             Spicule formation in calcareous sponges: Coordinated expression of biomineralization genes and spicule-type specific genes ▶     Oliver Voigt, Maja Adamska, Marcin Adamski et al.     The ability to form mineral structures under biological control is widespread among animals. In several species, specific proteins have been shown to be involved in …             T-Bet independent development of IFN? secreting natural T helper 1 cell population in the absence of Itk ▶     Arun K. Kannan, Sonia Mohinta, Weishan Huang et al.     Th1, Th2, Th9 and Th17 cells are conventional CD4+ effector T cells identified as secretors of prototypical cytokines IFN?, IL4, IL9, and IL-17A respectively. Recently, …             Unravelling mycorrhiza-induced wheat susceptibility to the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae ▶     Amma L. Simon, Peter A. D. Wellham, Gudbjorg I. Aradottir et al.     Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are root symbionts that can increase or decrease aphid growth rates and reproduction, but the reason by which this happens is unknown. To …             Preference for facial averageness: Evidence for a common mechanism in human and macaque infants ▶     Fabrice Damon, David Méary, Paul C. Quinn et al.     Human adults and infants show a preference for average faces, which could stem from a general processing mechanism and may be shared among primates. However, little is known …             Genetic visualization of protein interactions harnessing liquid phase transitions ▶     Taku Watanabe, Tatsuya Seki, Takashi Fukano et al.     Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are essential components of cellular function. Current fluorescence-based technologies to measure PPIs have limited dynamic range and …             Exploring the significance of morphological diversity for cerebellar granule cell excitability ▶     Catriona M. Houston, Efthymia Diamanti, Maria Diamantaki et al.     The relatively simple and compact morphology of cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) has led to the view that heterogeneity in CGC shape has negligible impact upon the integration of …             Identification of proteins involved in the anti-inflammatory properties of Propionibacterium freudenreichii by means of a multi-strain study ▶     Stéphanie-Marie Deutsch, Mahendra Mariadassou, Pierre Nicolas et al.     Propionibacterium freudenreichii, a dairy starter, can reach a population of almost 109 propionibacteria per gram in Swiss-type cheese at the time of consumption. Also consumed …             DNA methylation landscape of ocular tissue relative to matched peripheral blood ▶     Alex W Hewitt, Vania Januar, Alexandra Sexton-Oates et al.     Epigenetic variation is implicated in a range of non-communicable diseases, including those of the eye. However, investigating the role of epigenetic variation in central …             Differential processing of small RNAs during endoplasmic reticulum stress ▶     Mikhail V. Mesitov, Ruslan A. Soldatov, Danila M. Zaichenko et al.     The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen due to the disruption of the homeostatic system of the ER leads to the induction of the ER stress …             Persistence of a sugar-rejecting cockroach genotype under various dietary regimes ▶     Kim Jensen, Ayako Wada-Katsumata, Coby Schal et al.     Glucose-aversion is a heritable trait that evolved in a number of German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) populations in response to strong selection with glucose-containing …             Physicochemical characterizations of functional hybrid liposomal nanocarriers formed using photo-sensitive lipids ▶     Sumit Kumar Pramanik, Patricia Losada-Pérez, Gunter Reekmans et al.     With recent advances in the field of diagnostics and theranostics, liposomal technology has secured a fortified position as a potential nanocarrier. Specifically, …             New method for quantification of gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide in biological matrices by LC-MS/MS ▶     Bo Tan, Sheng Jin, Jiping Sun et al.     Hydrogen sulfide exists widely in mammalian tissues and plays a vital role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, striking differences with orders of …             Influenza C in Lancaster, UK, in the winter of 2014–2015 ▶     Kate V. Atkinson, Lisa A. Bishop, Glenn Rhodes et al.     Influenza C is not included in the annual seasonal influenza vaccine, and has historically been regarded as a minor respiratory pathogen. However, recent work has highlighted its …             Decoupling of soil carbon and nitrogen turnover partly explains increased net ecosystem production in response to nitrogen fertilization ▶     Emad Ehtesham, Per Bengtson     During the last decade there has been an ongoing controversy regarding the extent to which nitrogen fertilization can increase carbon sequestration and net ecosystem production …             Meta-signature LncRNAs serve as novel biomarkers for colorectal cancer: integrated bioinformatics analysis, experimental validation and diagnostic evaluation ▶     Meiyu Dai, Xiaoli Chen, Shanying Mo et al.     The aim of this study is to explore the differentially expressed lncRNAs, which may have potential biological function and diagnostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC). Through …             Daily touchscreen use in infants and toddlers is associated with reduced sleep and delayed sleep onset ▶     Celeste H. M. Cheung, Rachael Bedford, Irati R. Saez De Urabain et al.     Traditional screen time (e.g. TV and videogaming) has been linked to sleep problems and poorer developmental outcomes in children. With the advent of portable touchscreen …             Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Methyl-4,5-Disubstituted Oxazoles as a Novel Class of Highly Potent Antitubulin Agents ▶     Romeo Romagnoli, Pier Giovanni Baraldi, Filippo Prencipe et al.     Antimitotic agents that interfere with microtubule formation are one of the major classes of cytotoxic drugs for cancer treatment. Multiple …             Knockdown of stem cell regulator Oct4A in ovarian cancer reveals cellular reprogramming associated with key regulators of cytoskeleton-extracellular matrix remodelling ▶     Chantel Samardzija, David W. Greening, Ruth Escalona et al.     Oct4A is a master regulator of self-renewal and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. It is a well-established marker for cancer stem cell (CSC) in malignancies. Recently, using …             Cortistatin reduces atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic ApoE-deficient mice and the formation of foam cells ▶     Virginia Delgado-Maroto, Raquel Benitez, Irene Forte-Lago et al.     Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory cardiovascular disease that is responsible of high mortality worldwide. Evidence indicates that maladaptive autoimmune responses in the …             apterous Brain Neurons Control Receptivity to Male Courtship in Drosophila Melanogaster Females ▶     Márcia M. Aranha, Dennis Herrmann, Hugo Cachitas et al.     Courtship behaviours allow animals to interact and display their qualities before committing to reproduction. In fly courtship, the female decides whether or not to mate and is …             Windscapes and olfactory foraging in a large carnivore ▶     Ron R. Togunov, Andrew E. Derocher, Nicholas J. Lunn     The theoretical optimal olfactory search strategy is to move cross-wind. Empirical evidence supporting wind-associated directionality among carnivores, however, is sparse. We …             Mutations in PMR1 stimulate xylose isomerase activity and anaerobic growth on xylose of engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae by influencing manganese homeostasis ▶     Maarten D. Verhoeven, Misun Lee, Lycka Kamoen et al.     Combined overexpression of xylulokinase, pentose-phosphate-pathway enzymes and a heterologous xylose isomerase (XI) is required but insufficient for anaerobic growth of …             Auditory conditioned stimulus presentation during NREM sleep impairs fear memory in mice ▶     Ross J. Purple, Takeshi Sakurai, Masanori Sakaguchi     Externally manipulating memories by presenting conditioned stimuli (CS) during sleep is a new approach to investigating memory processing during sleep. However, whether …             Corrigendum: Fluorescence-tunable Ag-DNA biosensor with tailored cytotoxicity for live-cell applications ▶     Nelli Bossert, Donny de Bruin, Maria Götz et al.                 Prenatal stress from trawl capture affects mothers and neonates: a case study using the southern fiddler ray (Trygonorrhina dumerilii) ▶     L. Guida, C. Awruch, T. I. Walker et al.     Assessing fishing effects on chondrichthyan populations has predominantly focused on quantifying mortality rates. Consequently, sub-lethal effects of capture stress on the …             Label-free volumetric optical imaging of intact murine brains ▶     Jian Ren, Heejin Choi, Kwanghun Chung et al.     A central effort of today’s neuroscience is to study the brain’s ’wiring diagram’. The nervous system is believed to be a network of neurons interacting with each other through …             Protective efficacy of Zika vaccine in AG129 mouse model ▶     K. Sumathy, Bharathi Kulkarni, Ravi Kumar Gondu et al.     Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes asymptomatic infection or presents only mild symptoms in majority of those infected. However, vaccination for ZIKV is …             Advances in pancreatic islet monolayer culture on glass surfaces enable super-resolution microscopy and insights into beta cell ciliogenesis and proliferation ▶     Edward A. Phelps, Chiara Cianciaruso, Jaime Santo-Domingo et al.     A robust and reproducible method for culturing monolayers of adherent and well-spread primary islet cells on glass coverslips is required for detailed imaging studies by …             Regulation of miR163 and its targets in defense against Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana ▶     Hiu Tung Chow, Danny W-K. Ng     Small RNAs are important regulators for a variety of biological processes, including leaf development, flowering-time, embryogenesis and defense responses. miR163 is a …             Performances of the hybrid between CyCa nucleocytplasmic hybrid fish and scattered mirror carp in different culture environments ▶     Xiangjiang Liu, Hongwei Liang, Zhong Li et al.     To improve the performance of growth traits and survival in common carp, CyCa nucleocytoplasmic hybrid fish (C) was used as parental fish for hybridization with Russian scattered …             No evidence for loss of short-wavelength sensitive cone photoreceptors in normal ageing of the primate retina ▶     Tobias W. Weinrich, Michael B. Powner, Aisling Lynch et al.     In old world primates including humans, cone photoreceptors are classified according to their maximal sensitivity at either short (S, blue), middle (M, green) or long (L, red) …             Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Deficiency Increases Disuse-Induced Bone Loss in Male Mice ▶     Jessica A. Keune, Carmen P. Wong, Adam J. Branscum et al.     Bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is negatively associated with bone mass. Since osteoblasts and adipocytes are derived from the same precursor cells, adipocyte differentiation …             Cooperative roles of the suprachiasmatic nucleus central clock and the adrenal clock in controlling circadian glucocorticoid rhythm ▶     Sooyoung Chung, Eun Jeong Lee, Hyo Kyeong Cha et al.     The mammalian circadian timing system consists of the central clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and subsidiary peripheral clocks in other tissues. …             Feasibility of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a tool for studying pregnancy-related disorders ▶     Naoki Fuchi, Kiyonori Miura, Hanako Doi et al.     The cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for pregnancy-related disorders remain unclear. We investigated the feasibility of using placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells …             Characterization of c-Maf+Foxp3- Regulatory T Cells Induced by Repeated Stimulation of Antigen-Presenting B Cells ▶     Chien-Hui Chien, Hui-Chieh Yu, Szu-Ying Chen et al.     The role of B cells in the development of CD4+ regulatory T cells has been emphasized recently. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the antigen-presenting splenic B cells …             Influence of parental care on offspring hippocampal volume in young adults varies as a function of overprotection ▶     Yinan Wang, Yiying Song, Xueting Li et al.     Parental care results in increased hippocampal volumes through adaptive stress responses in developing animals. However, human studies have not yet provided consistent findings …             Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combine with Treated dentin matrix to build biological root ▶     Shiwei Luo, Fei Pei, Wen Zhang et al.     Treated dentin matrix (TDM) as a kind of scaffolding material has been proved odontogenic induction ability on dental-derived stem cells. Given the limited resources of dental …             Overexpression of heparanase enhances T lymphocyte activities and intensifies the inflammatory response in a model of murine rheumatoid arthritis ▶     Andreas Digre, Kailash Singh, Magnus Åbrink et al.     Heparanase is an endo-glucuronidase that degrades heparan sulfate chains. The enzyme is expressed at a low level in normal organs; however, elevated expression of heparanase has …             Simultaneous and quantitative monitoring of co-cultured Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with antibiotics on a diffusometric platform ▶     Chih-Yao Chung, Jhih-Cheng Wang, Han-Sheng Chuang     Successful treatments against bacterial infections depend on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). However, conventional AST requires more than 24?h to obtain an outcome, …             MAOA-a novel decision maker of apoptosis and autophagy in hormone refractory neuroendocrine prostate cancer cells ▶     Yi-Cheng Lin, Yi-Ting Chang, Mel Campbell et al.     Autophagy and apoptosis are two well-controlled mechanisms regulating cell fate. An understanding of decision-making between these two pathways is in its infancy. Monoamine …             The Phosphatidylcholine Transfer Protein Stard7 is Required for Mitochondrial and Epithelial Cell Homeostasis ▶     Li Yang, Cheng-Lun Na, Shiyu Luo et al.     Mitochondria synthesize select phospholipids but lack the machinery for synthesis of the most abundant mitochondrial phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC). Although the …             Integrated host and viral transcriptome analyses reveal pathology and inflammatory response mechanisms to ALV-J injection in SPF chickens ▶     Xi Lan, Yan Wang, Kai Tian et al.     Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is detrimental to poultry health and causes substantial economic losses from mortality and decreased performance. Because tumorigenesis is a complex …             Elephants know when their bodies are obstacles to success in a novel transfer task ▶     Rachel Dale, Joshua M. Plotnik     The capacity to recognise oneself as separate from other individuals and objects is difficult to investigate in non-human animals. The hallmark empirical assessment, the mirror …             Acrolein acts as a neurotoxin in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system of rat: involvement of a-synuclein aggregation and programmed cell death ▶     Yi-Ting Wang, Hui-Ching Lin, Wei-Zhong Zhao et al.     Clinical studies report significant increases in acrolein (an a,ß-unsaturated aldehyde) in the substantia nigra (SN) of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the present …             Early neurovascular dysfunction in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer’s disease ▶     Illsung L. Joo, Aaron Y. Lai, Paolo Bazzigaluppi et al.     Alzheimer’s disease (AD), pathologically characterized by amyloid-ß peptide (Aß) accumulation, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and neurodegeneration, is thought to involve …             Notch and Hippo signaling converge on Strawberry Notch 1 (Sbno1) to synergistically activate Cdx2 during specification of the trophectoderm ▶     Yusuke Watanabe, Kota Y. Miyasaka, Atsushi Kubo et al.     The first binary cell fate decision occurs at the morula stage and gives rise to two distinct types of cells that constitute the trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM). The …             Memory-enhancing effects of GEBR-32a, a new PDE4D inhibitor holding promise for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease ▶     Roberta Ricciarelli, Chiara Brullo, Jos Prickaerts et al.     Memory loss characterizes several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Inhibition of type 4 phosphodiesterase (PDE4) and elevation of cyclic adenosine …             Lock-picks: fungal infection facilitates the intrusion of strangers into ant colonies ▶     Eniko Csata, Natalia Timus, Magdalena Witek et al.     Studies investigating host-parasite systems rarely deal with multispecies interactions, and mostly explore impacts on hosts as individuals. Much less is known about the effects …             Development and validation of a method for precise dating of female puberty in laboratory rodents: The puberty ovarian maturation score (Pub-Score) ▶     Francisco Gaytan, Concepción Morales, Silvia Leon et al.     Puberty is a key developmental event whose primary regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Precise dating of puberty is crucial for experimental (preclinical) studies on …             Molecular evolutionary mechanisms driving functional diversification of a-glucosidase in Lepidoptera ▶     Xiaotong Li, Liangen Shi, Yanyan Zhou et al.     The digestive tract of lepidopteran insects is unique given its highly alkaline pH. The adaptive plasticity of digestive enzymes in this environment is crucial to the …             Bacteriophages from ExPEC Reservoirs Kill Pandemic Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Clonal Group ST131 in Animal Models of Bacteremia ▶     Sabrina I. Green, Jason T. Kaelber, Li Ma et al.     Multi-drug resistant (MDR) enteric bacteria are of increasing global concern. A clonal group, Escherichia coli sequence type (ST) 131, harbors both MDR and a deadly complement of …             Occurrence of fibrates and their metabolites in source and drinking water in Shanghai and Zhejiang, China ▶     Akiko Ido, Youhei Hiromori, Liping Meng et al.     Fibrates, which are widely used lipidaemic-modulating drugs, are emerging environmental pollutants. However, fibrate concentrations in the environment have not been thoroughly …             Correlations in the degeneracy of structurally controllable topologies for networks ▶     Colin Campbell, Steven Aucott, Justin Ruths et al.     Many dynamic systems display complex emergent phenomena. By directly controlling a subset of system components (nodes) via external intervention it is possible to indirectly …             Distinct Soil Microbial Communities in habitats of differing soil water balance on the Tibetan Plateau ▶     Yuntao Li, Jonathan Adams, Yu Shi et al.     Global change may be a severe threat to natural and agricultural systems, partly through its effects in altering soil biota and processes, due to changes in water balance. We …             A 3D-engineered porous conduit for peripheral nerve repair ▶     Jie Tao, Yu Hu, Shujuan Wang et al.     End-to-end neurorrhaphy is the most commonly used method for treating peripheral nerve injury. However, only 50% of patients can regain useful function after treating with …             Replacing Sanger with Next Generation Sequencing to improve coverage and quality of reference DNA barcodes for plants ▶     Mike J. Wilkinson, Claudia Szabo, Caroline S. Ford et al.     We estimate the global BOLD Systems database holds core DNA barcodes (rbcL?+?matK) for about 15% of land plant species and that comprehensive species coverage is still many …             Lignin-graft-Polyoxazoline Conjugated Triazole a Novel Anti-Infective Ointment to Control Persistent Inflammation ▶     Denial Mahata, Malabendu Jana, Arundhuti Jana et al.     Lignin, one of the most abundant renewable feedstock, is used to develop a biocompatible hydrogel as anti-infective ointment. A hydrophilic polyoxazoline chain is grafted through …             Sperm whale long-range echolocation sounds revealed by ANTARES, a deep-sea neutrino telescope ▶     M. André, A. Caballé, M. van der Schaar et al.     Despite dedicated research has been carried out to adequately map the distribution of the sperm whale in the Mediterranean Sea, unlike other regions of the world, the species …             Erratum: Structural Basis of Eco1-Mediated Cohesin Acetylation ▶     William C. H. Chao, Benjamin O. Wade, Céline Bouchoux et al.                 Glycoengineering of pertuzumab and its impact on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties ▶     Cheng Luo, Song Chen, Na Xu et al.     Pertuzumab is an antihuman HER2 antibody developed for HER2 positive breast cancer. Glycosylation profiles are always the important issue for antibody based therapy. Previous …             Geographic barriers and Pleistocene climate change shaped patterns of genetic variation in the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot ▶     Mario Mairal, Isabel Sanmartín, Alberto Herrero et al.     The Eastern African Afromontane forest is getting increased attention in conservation studies because of its high endemicity levels and shrinking geographic distribution. …             The structure of Lactococcus lactis thioredoxin reductase reveals molecular features of photo-oxidative damage ▶     Nicklas Skjoldager, Maria Blanner Bang, Martin Rykær et al.     The NADPH-dependent homodimeric flavoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) provides reducing equivalents to thioredoxin, a key regulator of various cellular redox processes. …             Intestinal microbiome in children with severe and complicated acute viral gastroenteritis ▶     Shih-Yen Chen, Chi-Neu Tsai, Yun-Shien Lee et al.     The aim of the present study was to evaluate the microbiota of children with severe or complicated acute viral gastroenteritis (AGE). To that end, next-generation sequencing …             SnoN Stabilizes the SMAD3/SMAD4 Protein Complex ▶     Karin Walldén, Tomas Nyman, B. Martin Hällberg     TGF-ß signaling regulates cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis through activation of SMAD transcription factors that are in turn modulated by …             Corrigendum: An analysis of disease-gene relationship from Medline abstracts by DigSee ▶     Jeongkyun Kim, Jung-jae Kim, Hyunju Lee                 Erratum: A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Mathematics Ability ▶     Huan Chen, Xiao-hong Gu, Yuxi Zhou et al.                 Erratum: Towards peptide vaccines against Zika virus: Immunoinformatics combined with molecular dynamics simulations to predict antigenic epitopes of Zika viral proteins ▶     Muhammad Usman Mirza, Shazia Rafique, Amjad Ali et al.                 Corrigendum: Intestinal microbiota as a tetrahydrobiopterin exogenous source in hph-1 mice ▶     Jaques Belik, Yulia Shifrin, Erland Arning et al.                 Corrigendum: Differential neural mechanisms for early and late prediction error detection ▶     Rahim Malekshahi, Anil Seth, Amalia Papanikolaou et al.                 Correlated Mutation in the Evolution of Catalysis in Uracil DNA Glycosylase Superfamily ▶     Bo Xia, Yinling Liu, Jose Guevara et al.     Enzymes in Uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) superfamily are essential for the removal of uracil. Family 4 UDGa is a robust uracil DNA glycosylase that only acts on double-stranded …             Evaluation of Tumor Treatment of Magnetic Nanoparticles Driven by Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field ▶     Weitao Li, Yangyang Liu, Zhiyu Qian et al.     Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which can be manipulated in the magnetic field, have received much attention in tumor therapy. Extremely low frequency magnetic field …             Corylin protects LPS-induced sepsis and attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory response ▶     Yung-Li Hung, Shih-Hua Fang, Shu-Chi Wang et al.     Corylin is a main compound isolated from Psoralea corylifolia L. (Fabaceae). A variety of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-proliferation, and anti-inflammatory …             A novel Time-resolved Fluoroimmunoassay for the quantitative detection of Antibodies against the Phospholipase A2 Receptor ▶     Biao Huang, Liang Wang, Yi Zhang et al.     A highly sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) was developed to quantify serum antibodies against the phospholipase A2 receptor (anti-PLA2R-IgG) for differential …             English phonology and an acoustic language universal ▶     Yoshitaka Nakajima, Kazuo Ueda, Shota Fujimaru et al.     Acoustic analyses of eight different languages/dialects had revealed a language universal: Three spectral factors consistently appeared in analyses of power fluctuations of …             Synthesis of Chrysogeside B from Halotolerant Fungus Penicillium and Its Antimicrobial Activities Evaluation ▶     Ruiquan Liu, Lei Wang, Qibo Li et al.     Chrysogeside B, a natural cerebroside, was efficiently synthesized from commercial feedstocks. The bioassays showed that compounds 4, 5 and 6 exhibited enhanced biological …             An inter-residue network model to identify mutational-constrained regions on the Ebola coat glycoprotein ▶     Devin S. Quinlan, Rahul Raman, Kannan Tharakaraman et al.     Recently, progress has been made in the development of vaccines and monoclonal antibody cocktails that target the Ebola coat glycoprotein (GP). Based on the mutation rates for …             Structure of the Ebola virus glycoprotein spike within the virion envelope at 11?Å resolution ▶     Daniel R. Beniac, Timothy F. Booth     We present the structure of the surface Ebola virus (EBOV) trimeric glycoprotein (GP) spike at 11?Å resolution, in situ within the viral plasma membrane of purified virus …             Studies on the growth performance of different broiler strains at high altitude and evaluation of probiotic effect on their survivability ▶     Sahil Kalia, Vijay K. Bharti, Deepak Gogoi et al.     Identification of appropriate breeds of broilers and development of new feed additives is required for the development of poultry industry at high altitude. Therefore, this …             Cretaceous origin of the unique prey-capture apparatus in mega-diverse genus: stem lineage of Steninae rove beetles discovered in Burmese amber ▶     Dagmara Zyla, Shûhei Yamamoto, Karin Wolf-Schwenninger et al.     Stenus is the largest genus of rove beetles and the second largest among animals. Its evolutionary success was associated with the adhesive labial prey-capture apparatus, a …             A promising biodegradable magnesium alloy suitable for clinical vascular stent application ▶     Lin Mao, Li shen, Jiahui Chen et al.     We report a Mg alloy Mg-2.2Nd-0.1Zn-0.4Zr (wt.%, denoted as JDBM-2) showing great potential in clinical vascular stent application by integrating the advantages of traditional …             Corrigendum: Deficits in reinforcement learning but no link to apathy in patients with schizophrenia ▶     Matthias N. Hartmann-Riemer, Steffen Aschenbrenner, Magdalena Bossert et al.                 An optimized transit peptide for effective targeting of diverse foreign proteins into chloroplasts in rice ▶     Bo-Ran Shen, Cheng-Hua Zhu, Zhen Yao et al.     Various chloroplast transit peptides (CTP) have been used to successfully target some foreign proteins into chloroplasts, but for other proteins these same CTPs have reduced …             Preventing the return of fear using reconsolidation updating and methylene blue is differentially dependent on extinction learning ▶     Allison M. Auchter, Jason Shumake, Francisco Gonzalez-Lima et al.     Many factors account for how well individuals extinguish conditioned fears, such as genetic variability, learning capacity and conditions under which extinction training is …             Protein malnutrition promotes dysregulation of molecules involved in T cell migration in the thymus of mice infected with Leishmania infantum ▶     Monica Losada-Barragán, Adriana Umaña-Pérez, Sergio Cuervo-Escobar et al.     Protein malnutrition, the most deleterious cause of malnutrition in developing countries, has been considered a primary risk factor for the development of clinical visceral …             Reproductive stage physiological and transcriptional responses to salinity stress in reciprocal populations derived from tolerant (Horkuch) and susceptible (IR29) rice ▶     Samsad Razzaque, Taslima Haque, Sabrina M. Elias et al.     Global increase in salinity levels has made it imperative to identify novel sources of genetic variation for tolerance traits, especially in rice. The rice landrace Horkuch, …             Tenofovir and adefovir down-regulate mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 and succinate dehydrogenase subunit B to metabolically reprogram glucose metabolism and induce nephrotoxicity ▶     Xinbin Zhao, Kun Sun, Zhou Lan et al.     Despite the therapeutic success of tenofovir (TFV) for treatment of HIV-1 infection, numerous cases of nephrotoxicity have been reported. Mitochondrial toxicity has been …             Hydrodynamics of the VanA-type VanS histidine kinase: an extended solution conformation and first evidence for interactions with vancomycin ▶     Mary K. Phillips-Jones, Guy Channell, Claire J. Kelsall et al.     VanA-type resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics in clinical enterococci is regulated by the VanSARA two-component signal transduction system. The nature of the molecular ligand …             Computational analysis of calculated physicochemical and ADMET properties of protein-protein interaction inhibitors ▶     David Lagorce, Dominique Douguet, Maria A. Miteva et al.     The modulation of PPIs by low molecular weight chemical compounds, particularly by orally bioavailable molecules, would be very valuable in numerous disease indications. However, …             The connectomes of males and females with autism spectrum disorder have significantly different white matter connectivity densities ▶     Andrei Irimia, Carinna M. Torgerson, Zachary J. Jacokes et al.     Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a set of neurodevelopmental conditions whose striking sex-related disparity (with an estimated male-to-female ratio of 4:1) remains …             Tomatidine enhances lifespan and healthspan in C. elegans through mitophagy induction via the SKN-1/Nrf2 pathway ▶     Evandro F. Fang, Tyler B. Waltz, Henok Kassahun et al.     Aging is a major international concern that brings formidable socioeconomic and healthcare challenges. Small molecules capable of improving the health of older individuals are …             Interaction of Src and Alpha-V Integrin Regulates Fibroblast Migration and Modulates Lung Fibrosis in A Preclinical Model of Lung Fibrosis ▶     Yin-Ying Lu, Xue-Ke Zhao, Lei Yu et al.     Src kinase is known to regulate fibroblast migration. However, the contribution of integrin and Src kinase interaction to lung fibrosis has not been mechanistically investigated. …             Safety and efficacy of short-term oral immunotherapy with Cry j 1-galactomannan conjugate for Japanese cedar pollinosis: a randomized controlled trial ▶     Daisuke Murakami, Motohiro Sawatsubashi, Hirofumi Omori et al.     Current allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) for pollinosis requires long-term treatment with potentially severe side effects. Therefore, development of an AIT that is safe and …             1.5–2?cm tumor size was not associated with distant metastasis and mortality in small thyroid cancer: A population-based study ▶     Kyunghwa Han, Eun-Kyung Kim, Jin Young Kwak     Most guidelines for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules have suggested fine-needle aspiration as a diagnostic tool, with some of these previously published guidelines …             Oxidative stress causes hypertension and activation of nuclear factor-?B after high-fructose and salt treatments ▶     Waleska C. Dornas, Leonardo M. Cardoso, Maísa Silva et al.     There is evidence that diets rich in salt or simple sugars as fructose are associated with abnormalities in blood pressure regulation. However, the mechanisms underlying …             Over-expression of microRNA-1 causes arrhythmia by disturbing intracellular trafficking system ▶     Xiaomin Su, Haihai Liang, He Wang et al.     Dysregulation of intracellular trafficking system plays a fundamental role in the progression of cardiovascular disease. Up-regulation of miR-1 contributes to arrhythmia, we …             Second harmonic generation imaging of corneal stroma after infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ▶     Danielle M. Robertson, Nathan A. Rogers, W. Matthew Petroll et al.     Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic gram-negative organism that has the ability to cause blinding corneal infections following trauma and during contact lens wear. In this …             Organochloride pesticides impaired mitochondrial function in hepatocytes and aggravated disorders of fatty acid metabolism ▶     Qian Liu, Qihan Wang, Cheng Xu et al.     p,p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p, p’-DDE) and ß-hexachlorocyclohexane (ß-HCH) were two predominant organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) metabolites in human body associated …             Bitter Taste Receptor Agonists Mitigate Features of Allergic Asthma in Mice ▶     Pawan Sharma, Roslyn Yi, Ajay P. Nayak et al.     Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, mucus secretion, remodeling and hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Recent research has established the bronchodilatory effect of bitter …             Dynamics of archaea at fine spatial scales in Shark Bay mat microbiomes ▶     Hon Lun Wong, Pieter T. Visscher, Richard Allen White III et al.     The role of archaea in microbial mats is poorly understood. Delineating the spatial distribution of archaea with mat depth will enable resolution of putative niches in these …             Whole-Exome Sequencing of Congenital Glaucoma Patients Reveals Hypermorphic Variants in GPATCH3, a New Gene Involved in Ocular and Craniofacial Development ▶     Jesús-José Ferre-Fernández, José-Daniel Aroca-Aguilar, Cristina Medina-Trillo et al.     Congenital glaucoma (CG) is a heterogeneous, inherited and severe optical neuropathy that originates from maldevelopment of the anterior segment of the eye. To identify new …             Cardiac kinematic parameters computed from video of in situ beating heart ▶     Lorenzo Fassina, Giacomo Rozzi, Stefano Rossi et al.     Mechanical function of the heart during open-chest cardiac surgery is exclusively monitored by echocardiographic techniques. However, little is known about local kinematics, …             Hepatocytic parental progenitor cells of rat small hepatocytes maintain self-renewal capability after long-term culture ▶     Masayuki Ishii, Junichi Kino, Norihisa Ichinohe et al.     The liver has a variety of functions for maintaining homeostasis, and hepatocytes play a major role. In contrast with the high regenerative capacity of mature hepatocytes (MHs) …             A novel action of follicle-stimulating hormone in the ovary promotes estradiol production without inducing excessive follicular growth before puberty ▶     Charlotte M. François, Florence Petit, Frank Giton et al.     In cyclic females, FSH stimulates ovarian estradiol (E2) production and follicular growth up to the terminal stage. A transient elevation in circulating FSH and E2 levels occurs …             Indolepropionic acid and novel lipid metabolites are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study ▶     Vanessa D. de Mello, Jussi Paananen, Jaana Lindström et al.     Wide-scale profiling technologies including metabolomics broaden the possibility of novel discoveries related to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). By applying …             Adaptation and evolution of deep-sea scale worms (Annelida: Polynoidae): insights from transcriptome comparison with a shallow-water species ▶     Yanjie Zhang, Jin Sun, Chong Chen et al.     Polynoid scale worms (Polynoidae, Annelida) invaded deep-sea chemosynthesis-based ecosystems approximately 60 million years ago, but little is known about their genetic …                       An online-only, open access, multidisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing high-quality original research articles, reviews, editorials, commentaries, and hypothesis generating observations on all areas of breast cancer research. Part of the Nature Partner Journals series, published in partnership with the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. 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