Nature Immunology Contents: May 2017 Volume 18 pp 475 - 593

If you are unable to see the message below, click here to view.

Advertisement Nature Protocols: Poster on the production of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells This poster overviews the production of (CAR) T-cells, discussing the significant and unique challenges of the production process  Available to download free Produced with support from STEMCELL Technologies TABLE OF CONTENTS May 2017 Volume 18, Issue 5 Comment News and Views Research Highlights Review Articles Resource Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Nature Milestones: Interactive antibody timeline Nature Milestones: Antibodies presents an interactive timeline on the history of antibodies covering everything from their initial description in antisera through to their application in immunotherapy. The timeline includes written content, video interviews and animations.  Access the timeline free online Produced with support from BioLegend UCB    Advertisement Focus on Disease models: reproducibility and translation  Lab Animal, a Nature Research journal focusing on in vivo methods, research and technology with model organisms of human health & disease, presents a special Focus on reproducibility and translation of in vivo research with disease models.  Access this Focus > Produced with support from:  Taconic Biosciences, Inc.  Charles River   Comment Top Speaking out about gender imbalance in invited speakers improves diversity   pp475 - 478 Robyn S Klein, Rhonda Voskuhl, Benjamin M Segal, Bonnie N Dittel, Thomas E Lane et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3707 Omissions of qualified women scientists from major meeting programs continue to occur despite a surge in articles indicating persistent gender-discriminatory practices in hiring and promotion, and calls for gender balance in conference organizing committees. News and Views Top IRE1 gives weight to obesity-associated inflammation   pp479 - 480 Bojan Bujisic and Fabio Martinon doi:10.1038/ni.3725 IRE1α is a stress sensor that is activated by a high-fat diet. In adipose-tissue macrophages, it serves as a major switch toward pro-inflammatory M1 polarization and thereby contributes to obesity and associated diseases. See also: Article by Shan et al. The immune system as a social network   pp481 - 482 Andreas Bergthaler and Jörg Menche doi:10.1038/ni.3727 The immune system employs a multitude of molecules, cells and organs that act together throughout the entire body to guard human health. Much like in a social network, immune cells can exert full functionality only through effective collaboration and communication. See also: Resource by Rieckmann et al. Gene-enhancer variants reveal diverse TCR-mediated differentiation   pp483 - 484 Michael P Gallagher and Leslie J Berg doi:10.1038/ni.3729 The transcription factor IRF4 acts as a 'rheostat' for TCR signaling. Discrete levels of IRF4 can activate distinct transcriptional programs in T cells due to binding sites of variable affinity in groups of target genes. See also: Article by Iwata et al. Dietary short-chain fatty acids protect against type 1 diabetes   pp484 - 486 Li Wen and F Susan Wong doi:10.1038/ni.3730 The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate and butyrate, which are released from specialized diets by gut microbes, protect non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice against insulitis and slow the progression of diabetes. See also: Article by Marino et al. Immunology JOBS of the week Tenure-track faculty positions in immunology Cornell University Postdoc / scientist Cancer genomics and immunology Purdue University Rheumatology / Immunology Faculty position Columbia University Medical Center Postdoctoral Fellowship in Immunology of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica University of California - San Francisco PhD student in immunology / immunopathology Universität Bern, Institut für Pathologie More Science jobs from Immunology EVENT The International Conference on Microbiology, Virology and Immunology (CMVI 2017) 01.12.17 Sanya, China More science events from Research Highlights Top Circulating potential | Glioma immune evasion | Macrophage dynamics | Marking HIV | PD-1 targets CD28 | Vitamin C for microglia Review Top Mitochondria are the powerhouses of immunity   pp488 - 498 Evanna L Mills, Beth Kelly and Luke A J O'Neill doi:10.1038/ni.3704 O'Neill and colleagues review the role of mitochondria dynamics and energetics in immunity and inflammation, in innate and adaptive immune cells. Articles Top Long noncoding RNA lncKdm2b is required for ILC3 maintenance by initiation of Zfp292 expression   pp499 - 508 Benyu Liu, Buqing Ye, Liuliu Yang, Xiaoxiao Zhu, Guanling Huang et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3712 Long noncoding RNAs contribute to the cell-type-specific regulation of gene expression. Fan and colleagues identify a unique conserved lncRNA, lncKdm2b, that is transcribed divergently from the Kdm2b gene and is necessary for ILC3 maintenance in the gut. IRAP+ endosomes restrict TLR9 activation and signaling   pp509 - 518 Joel Babdor, Delphyne Descamps, Aimé Cézaire Adiko, Mira Tohmé, Sophia Maschalidi et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3711 The receptor TLR9 needs to be carefully regulated to avoid recognition of self nucleic acids and ensuing autoinflammation. Saveanu and colleagues demonstrate a further level of regulation through the retention of TLR9 in IRAP+ endosomes. The metabolic ER stress sensor IRE1α suppresses alternative activation of macrophages and impairs energy expenditure in obesity   pp519 - 529 Bo Shan, Xiaoxia Wang, Ying Wu, Chi Xu, Zhixiong Xia et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3709 'Crown-like' structures composed of apoptotic adipocytes surrounded by adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are a characteristic of obesity. Liu and colleagues show that engulfment of apoptotic adipocytes triggers an ER stress response in ATMs and drives the proinflammatory response that underlies obesity. See also: News and Views by Bujisic & Martinon Opposing macrophage polarization programs show extensive epigenomic and transcriptional cross-talk   pp530 - 540 Viviana Piccolo, Alessia Curina, Marco Genua, Serena Ghisletti, Marta Simonatto et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3710 Natoli and colleagues reveal the epigenomic and transcriptional bases for gene-specific cross-repression of the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-4 in macrophages. NLRP12 attenuates colon inflammation by maintaining colonic microbial diversity and promoting protective commensal bacterial growth   pp541 - 551 Liang Chen, Justin E Wilson, Mark J Koenigsknecht, Wei-Chun Chou, Stephanie A Montgomery et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3690 The intracellular sensor NLRP12 can negatively regulate inflammation. Ting and colleagues demonstrate that an absence of NLRP12 triggers a dysbiosis that feeds forward into a process of inflammation and colitis. Gut microbial metabolites limit the frequency of autoimmune T cells and protect against type 1 diabetes   pp552 - 562 Eliana Mariño, James L Richards, Keiran H McLeod, Dragana Stanley, Yu Anne Yap et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3713 The gut microbiota can influence immune-cell function by the production of short-chain fatty acids. Mackay and colleagues show that diets enriched for acetate and butyrate protect non-obese diabetic mice from insulitis and diabetes progression. See also: News and Views by Wen & Wong Quality of TCR signaling determined by differential affinities of enhancers for the composite BATF-IRF4 transcription factor complex   pp563 - 572 Arifumi Iwata, Vivek Durai, Roxane Tussiwand, Carlos G Briseño, Xiaodi Wu et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3714 Murphy and colleagues show that the transcription-factor complex BATF-IRF4, which recognizes AICE motifs within gene enhancers, is sensitive to TCR signaling strength and identify distinct gene targets that respond to graded doses of TCR stimulation. See also: News and Views by Gallagher & Berg Epigenetic landscapes reveal transcription factors that regulate CD8+ T cell differentiation   pp573 - 582 Bingfei Yu, Kai Zhang, J Justin Milner, Clara Toma, Runqiang Chen et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3706 Distinct transcription factors influence cell fate, including the generation of effector or memory CD8+ T cells. Goldrath, Wang and colleagues have developed a Page-Rank analysis that shows that the transcription factors YY1 and Nr3c1, which are expressed constitutively, promote the differentiation of effector cells or memory cells, respectively. Resource Top Social network architecture of human immune cells unveiled by quantitative proteomics   pp583 - 593 Jan C Rieckmann, Roger Geiger, Daniel Hornburg, Tobias Wolf, Ksenya Kveler et al. doi:10.1038/ni.3693 Immune cells give rise to the most interconnected system in the body. Meissner and colleagues perform comprehensive proteomics and secretomics to describe in detail the 'social network' of human immune cells and throw light on previously unknown cell connectivities. See also: News and Views by Bergthaler & Menche Top Advertisement Nature Outlook: Animal Health Animal and human health are closely linked. This Outlook examines how climate change is pushing diseases into formerly 'safe' regions of the world, the challenges in treating parasites, the efforts to vaccinate gorillas against Ebola and how a holistic approach to disease could further the well-being of animals.  Access the Outlook free online   Produced with support from  Bayer Animal Health GmbH    Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/myaccount (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant) For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscription department For other enquiries, please contact our customer feedback department Nature Publishing Group | One New York Plaza, Suite 4500 | New York | NY 10004-1562 | USA Nature Publishing Group's worldwide offices: London - Paris - Munich - New Delhi - Tokyo - Melbourne San Diego - San Francisco - Washington - New York - Boston Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW. © 2017 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.