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IMMUNE PROFILING IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 

September 17-19, 2017 | Seattle, WA, USA

Presented by: Adaptive Biotechnologies | Nature Immunology | Nature Medicine | Nature Biotechnology

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Engineered probiotic Escherichia coli can eliminate and prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa gut infection in animal models OPEN
In Young Hwang, Elvin Koh, Adison Wong, John C. March, William E. Bentley, Yung Seng Lee and Matthew Wook Chang
Bacteria can be engineered to kill specific pathogens. Here, the authors modify and optimize a synthetic genetic system in a probiotic strain of Escherichia coli, and show that the engineered probiotic can sense and kill the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa in two animal models of gut infection.
11 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms15028

A microprocessor based on a two-dimensional semiconductor OPEN
Stefan Wachter, Dmitry K. Polyushkin, Ole Bethge and Thomas Mueller
Two-dimensional materials are receiving increasing interest as they could pave the way to a paradigm shift in nano-electronics. Here, the authors demonstrate a 1-bit implementation of a microprocessor consisting of 115 transistors, using atomically thin MoS2.
11 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14948

Past penguin colony responses to explosive volcanism on the Antarctic Peninsula OPEN
Stephen J. Roberts, Patrick Monien, Louise C. Foster, Julia Loftfield, Emma P. Hocking, Bernhard Schnetger, Emma J. Pearson, Steve Juggins, Peter Fretwell, Louise Ireland, Ryszard Ochyra, Anna R. Haworth, Claire S. Allen, Steven G. Moreton, Sarah J. Davies, Hans-Jürgen Brumsack, Michael J. Bentley and Dominic A. Hodgson
Changes in penguin populations on the Antarctic Peninsula in recent decades have been linked to environmental factors such as sea ice. Here, the authors show that penguin colony change on Ardley Island, NW Antarctic Peninsula during the last 8,500 years was primarily driven by volcanic activity.
11 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14914

Computational identification of mutually exclusive transcriptional drivers dysregulating metastatic microRNAs in prostate cancer OPEN
Mengzhu Xue, Haiyue Liu, Liwen Zhang, Hongyuan Chang, Yuwei Liu, Shaowei Du, Yingqun Yang and Peng Wang
Dysregulation of microRNAs is thought to be important for metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but its drivers are unknown. Here, the authors use computational analysis to identify HOXC6 and NKX2-2 in addition to AR as alternative drivers of dysregulated miRNA expression in CRPC.
11 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14917

Topological superconductivity in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides OPEN
Yi-Ting Hsu, Abolhassan Vaezi, Mark H. Fischer and Eun-Ah Kim
Conditions to realize topological superconductivity have long been known, but the materialization remains rare. Here, Hsu et al. report a strategy towards possible topological superconductivity in monolayer hole-doped transition metal dichalcogenide by splitting the spin degeneracy in momentum space.
11 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14985

Exploring the complex free-energy landscape of the simplest glass by rheology OPEN
Yuliang Jin and Hajime Yoshino
The ground states of amorphous solids are predicted to exhibit a complex energy landscape, which cannot be explained by the theories developed for crystals. Jin and Yoshino propose a simple rheological protocol to probe these states, with a demonstration by extensive molecular dynamics simulations.
11 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14935

MicroRNA miR-23a cluster promotes osteocyte differentiation by regulating TGF-β signalling in osteoblasts OPEN
Huan-Chang Zeng, Yangjin Bae, Brian C. Dawson, Yuqing Chen, Terry Bertin, Elda Munivez, Philippe M. Campeau, Jianning Tao, Rui Chen and Brendan H. Lee
Control of osteocyte differentiation is not well understood. Here the authors show that the miR-23 cluster represses the TGF-β signalling repressor Prdm16 in osteoblasts, thus enhancing osteocyte differentiation and a low bone mass phenotype.
11 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms15000

Measurement of the cosmic optical background using the long range reconnaissance imager on New Horizons OPEN
Michael Zemcov, Poppy Immel, Chi Nguyen, Asantha Cooray, Carey M. Lisse and Andrew R. Poppe
The cosmic optical background is an important cosmological observable. Here the authors show that a direct observation of the background brightness from the outer solar system can be obtained by the LORRI instrument aboard the New Horizons mission, on the basis of data acquired between Jupiter and Uranus.
11 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms15003

Nonlinear dynamics and chaos in an optomechanical beam OPEN
Daniel Navarro-Urrios, Néstor E. Capuj, Martín F. Colombano, P. David García, Marianna Sledzinska, Francesc Alzina, Amadeu Griol, Alejandro Martínez and Clivia M. Sotomayor-Torres
In optomechanics, optical nonlinearities are usually regarded as detrimental and efforts are made to minimize their effects. Here, the authors study the complex dynamics, including chaos, arising from the coupling of such optical nonlinearities with the mechanical modes of a silicon nanobeam cavity.
11 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14965

Papilloma-pseudovirus eradicates intestinal tumours and triples the lifespan of ApcMin/+ mice OPEN
Zhenyu Zhong, Yougang Zhai, Ping Bu, Shivanee Shah and Liang Qiao
Innate immunity sensors are expressed by both tumour cells and tumour-associated myeloid cells. Here, the authors show that stimulation of the innate immunity response with pseudoviruses in a genetic mouse model of intestinal cancer triggers tumour regression via Caspase-1 activation.
11 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms15004

Charge carrier mobility in thin films of organic semiconductors by the gated van der Pauw method OPEN
Cedric Rolin, Enpu Kang, Jeong-Hwan Lee, Gustaaf Borghs, Paul Heremans and Jan Genoe
Charge carrier mobility is one of the key parameters that are used to evaluate the electrical quality of thin film semiconductors, whilst it is easily overestimated. Here, Rolin et al. use the gated van der Pauw method to extract charge mobility independent of contact resistance and device dimensions.
11 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14975

Oxidative 1,2-carboamination of alkenes with alkyl nitriles and amines toward γ-amino alkyl nitriles OPEN
Yan-Yun Liu, Xu-Heng Yang, Ren-Jie Song, Shenglian Luo and Jin-Heng Li
Difunctionalization of readily available alkenes is a powerful method to quickly build molecular complexity. Here the authors report a three-component, oxidative carboamination between alkenes, alkyl nitriles and amines, producing γ-amino alkyl nitriles.
10 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14720

Structural and functional analysis of the human POT1-TPP1 telomeric complex OPEN
Cory Rice, Prashanth Krishna Shastrula, Andrew V. Kossenkov, Robert Hills, Duncan M. Baird, Louise C. Showe, Tzanko Doukov, Susan Janicki and Emmanuel Skordalakes
POT1 and TTP1 are part of the shelterin complex that caps and stabilizes the ends of telomeres. Here the authors present a structural analysis of the human POT1-TTP1 complex, shedding light on how it assembles and how cancer-associated mutations impact its assembly and function.
10 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14928

Structural insights into POT1-TPP1 interaction and POT1 C-terminal mutations in human cancer OPEN
Cong Chen, Peili Gu, Jian Wu, Xianyun Chen, Shuangshuang Niu, Hong Sun, Lijie Wu, Na Li, Junhui Peng, Shaohua Shi, Cuiying Fan, Min Huang, Catherine C. L. Wong, Qingguo Gong, Chandan Kumar-Sinha, Rongguang Zhang, Lajos Pusztai, Rekha Rai, Sandy Chang and Ming Lei et al.
Human telomeres are protected by a specialized shelterin complex composed of six proteins. Here the authors structurally characterize the interaction between the POT1-TPP1 shelterin component and identify mutations associated with genome instability and cancer that disrupt the POT1-TPP1 interaction.
10 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14929

Light-assisted delithiation of lithium iron phosphate nanocrystals towards photo-rechargeable lithium ion batteries OPEN
Andrea Paolella, Cyril Faure, Giovanni Bertoni, Sergio Marras, Abdelbast Guerfi, Ali Darwiche, Pierre Hovington, Basile Commarieu, Zhuoran Wang, Mirko Prato, Massimo Colombo, Simone Monaco, Wen Zhu, Zimin Feng, Ashok Vijh, Chandramohan George, George P. Demopoulos, Michel Armand and Karim Zaghib
Photo-rechargable energy storage cells can provide plug-free power for various applications. Here the authors integrate a photo-absorbing dye complex with LiFePO4 nanocrystals as a lithium-ion battery cathode in a two-electrode system demonstrating its photo-charging and galvanostatic discharging.
10 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14643

Crystal structure of Zen4 in the apo state reveals a missing conformation of kinesin OPEN
Ruifang Guan, Lei Zhang, Qian Peter Su, Keith J. Mickolajczyk, Geng-Yuan Chen, William O. Hancock, Yujie Sun, Yongfang Zhao and Zhucheng Chen
Kinesins are molecular motors that travel along microtubules through a nucleotide-dependent stepping mechanism. Here the authors present the crystal structure of Zen4 (kinesin-6) in an apo state that sheds light on a key stepping intermediate of kinesin.
10 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14951

Determining the bacterial cell biology of Planctomycetes OPEN
Christian Boedeker, Margarete Schüler, Greta Reintjes, Olga Jeske, Muriel C. F. van Teeseling, Mareike Jogler, Patrick Rast, Daniela Borchert, Damien P. Devos, Martin Kucklick, Miroslava Schaffer, Roberto Kolter, Laura van Niftrik, Susanne Engelmann, Rudolf Amann, Manfred Rohde, Harald Engelhardt and Christian Jogler
Several unusual features have been reported for bacteria of the phylum Planctomycetes, such as cytosolic compartmentalization and an endocytosis-like process. Here, Boedeker et al. provide evidence supporting a Gram-negative cell plan and the absence of endocytosis-like processes in these organisms.
10 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14853

Cytoglobin regulates blood pressure and vascular tone through nitric oxide metabolism in the vascular wall OPEN
Xiaoping Liu, Mohamed A. El-Mahdy, James Boslett, Saradhadevi Varadharaj, Craig Hemann, Tamer M. Abdelghany, Raed S. Ismail, Sean C. Little, Danlei Zhou, Le Thi Thanh Thuy, Norifumi Kawada and Jay L. Zweier
The gaseous signalling molecule nitric oxide regulates vascular tone. Here, the authors show that nitric oxide is degraded by the enzyme cytoglobin in the vascular wall, and that mice lacking cytoglobin have reduced blood pressure and are less sensitive to angiotensin-mediated hypertension.
10 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14807

Transient birefringence of liquids induced by terahertz electric-field torque on permanent molecular dipoles OPEN
Mohsen Sajadi, Martin Wolf and Tobias Kampfrath
Low-frequency structural dynamics in liquids and their underlying interactions are complex and challenging to resolve. Here, Sajadi et al. use intense terahertz fields to directly interrogate intermolecular modes in polar liquids by coupling the fields to their permanent molecular dipole moments.
10 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14963

Endothelial LRP1 regulates metabolic responses by acting as a co-activator of PPARγ OPEN
Hua Mao, Pamela Lockyer, Luge Li, Christie M. Ballantyne, Cam Patterson, Liang Xie and Xinchun Pi
LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor involved in cell signalling and energy homeostasis. Here Mao et al. demonstrate that endothelial Lrp1 modulates lipid and glucose metabolism by binding the nuclear receptor Pparγ and promoting its transcriptional activity.
10 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14960

Exosome-delivered EGFR regulates liver microenvironment to promote gastric cancer liver metastasis OPEN
Haiyang Zhang, Ting Deng, Rui Liu, Ming Bai, Likun Zhou, Xia Wang, Shuang Li, Xinyi Wang, Haiou Yang, Jialu Li, Tao Ning, Dingzhi Huang, Hongli Li, Le Zhang, Guoguang Ying and Yi Ba
EGFR signalling has been linked to cancer development but whether it has any role in pre-metastatic niche formation is not known. Here the authors show that gastric cancer cells send EGFR through exosomes to the liver where it causes the establishment of a favourable microenvironment thus promoting metastasis.
10 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms15016

Cryo-EM structures of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV spike glycoproteins reveal the dynamic receptor binding domains OPEN
Yuan Yuan, Duanfang Cao, Yanfang Zhang, Jun Ma, Jianxun Qi, Qihui Wang, Guangwen Lu, Ying Wu, Jinghua Yan, Yi Shi, Xinzheng Zhang and George F. Gao
Host tropism and cell entry of pathogenic coronaviruses are mediated by their envelope spike (S) proteins. Here the authors present structural analyses of trimeric MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV S proteins in pre-fusion conformation, and reveal two states of the receptor binding domain that suggest new avenues for the generation of neutralizing antibodies.
10 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms15092

Long-term trends in the intensity and relative toxicity of herbicide use OPEN
Andrew R. Kniss
Quantifying the toxicity of herbicides applied in the field is difficult. Here, the author applies a quotient to evaluate changes in relative toxicity over the past 25 years and finds that increased herbicide use does not necessarily constitute increased toxicity.
10 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14865

Prediction of intrinsic two-dimensional ferroelectrics in In2Se3 and other III2-VI3 van der Waals materials OPEN
Wenjun Ding, Jianbao Zhu, Zhe Wang, Yanfei Gao, Di Xiao, Yi Gu, Zhenyu Zhang and Wenguang Zhu
The development of devices based on 2D materials beyond graphene benefits from identifying compounds with diverse functional properties. Here, the authors predict computationally that 2D In2Se3 and related materials are room temperature ferroelectrics with both in- and out-of-plane polarization.
07 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14956

Defective Gpsm2/Gαi3 signalling disrupts stereocilia development and growth cone actin dynamics in Chudley-McCullough syndrome OPEN
Stephanie A. Mauriac, Yeri E. Hien, Jonathan E. Bird, Steve Dos-Santos Carvalho, Ronan Peyroutou, Sze Chim Lee, Maite M. Moreau, Jean-Michel Blanc, Aysegul Geyser, Chantal Medina, Olivier Thoumine, Sandra Beer-Hammer, Thomas B. Friedman, Lukas Rüttiger, Andrew Forge, Bernd Nürnberg, Nathalie Sans and Mireille Montcouquiol
Mutations in GPSM2 cause a rare disease characterized by deafness and brain abnormalities. Here the authors show that Gpsm2 forms a molecular complex with a heterotrimeric G-protein subunit, whirlin and a myosin motor to regulate actin dynamics in neurons and auditory hair cell stereocilia.
07 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14907

Lkb1 inactivation drives lung cancer lineage switching governed by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 OPEN
Haikuo Zhang, Christine Fillmore Brainson, Shohei Koyama, Amanda J. Redig, Ting Chen, Shuai Li, Manav Gupta, Carolina Garcia-de-Alba, Margherita Paschini, Grit S. Herter-Sprie, Gang Lu, Xin Zhang, Bryan P. Marsh, Stephanie J. Tuminello, Chunxiao Xu, Zhao Chen, Xiaoen Wang, Esra A. Akbay, Mei Zheng, Sangeetha Palakurthi et al.
The mechanisms that govern the transdifferentiation of lung adenocarcinomas (ADC) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are not fully understood. Here, the authors show that EZH2 loss exacerbates the transdifferentiation of ADCs to SCCs as a result of chromatin changes that lead to expression of squamous differentiation genes.
07 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14922

Electrical spin injection and detection in molybdenum disulfide multilayer channel OPEN
Shiheng Liang, Huaiwen Yang, Pierre Renucci, Bingshan Tao, Piotr Laczkowski, Stefan Mc-Murtry, Gang Wang, Xavier Marie, Jean-Marie George, Sébastien Petit-Watelot, Abdelhak Djeffal, Stéphane Mangin, Henri Jaffrès and Yuan Lu
MoS2 is a promising two-dimensional candidate for opto-electronic and spintronic applications. Here, the authors report electrical spin injection and detection in a few-layered MoS2 channel, demonstrating that the spin diffusion length is at least 235 nm in MoS2 conduction band.
07 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14947

Easy access to nucleophilic boron through diborane to magnesium boryl metathesis OPEN
Anne-Frédérique Pécharman, Annie L. Colebatch, Michael S. Hill, Claire L. McMullin, Mary F. Mahon and Catherine Weetman
Organoboranes are widely employed in organic synthesis and typically are prepared using electrophilic boron sources. Here the authors report a route to nucleophilic boryl anions via organomagnesium-driven cleavage of boron-boron bonds.
07 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms15022

Symbiosis limits establishment of legumes outside their native range at a global scale OPEN
Anna K. Simonsen, Russell Dinnage, Luke G. Barrett, Suzanne M. Prober and Peter H. Thrall
Symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) aids the growth of many legume species, but may also restrict their ability to colonize new regions lacking suitable rhizobia. Here, the authors show that symbiotic legumes are indeed less likely to become established in new regions than their non-symbiotic relatives.
07 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14790

Targeted activation of diverse CRISPR-Cas systems for mammalian genome editing via proximal CRISPR targeting OPEN
Fuqiang Chen, Xiao Ding, Yongmei Feng, Timothy Seebeck, Yanfang Jiang and Gregory D. Davis
Bacteria possess a diverse collection of CRISPR-Cas systems but many do not function in mammalian cells, precluding their use in genome editing. Here the authors show that by manipulating local chromatin structures, inhibited Cas9s can have their activity restored in human cells.
07 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14958

Retrograde transport of TrkB-containing autophagosomes via the adaptor AP-2 mediates neuronal complexity and prevents neurodegeneration OPEN
Natalia L. Kononenko, Gala A. Claßen, Marijn Kuijpers, Dmytro Puchkov, Tanja Maritzen, Aleksandra Tempes, Anna R. Malik, Agnieszka Skalecka, Sujoy Bera, Jacek Jaworski and Volker Haucke
The endocytic adaptor protein complex AP-2 is mostly known for its role in endocytosis and in synaptic vesicle reformation. Here the authors show that AP-2 also mediates retrograde transport of TrkB-containing autophagosomes in neurons; this process promotes neuronal complexity and prevents the degeneration of cortical and thalamic neurons.
07 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14819

Chemical labelling for visualizing native AMPA receptors in live neurons OPEN
Sho Wakayama, Shigeki Kiyonaka, Itaru Arai, Wataru Kakegawa, Shinji Matsuda, Keiji Ibata, Yuri L. Nemoto, Akihiro Kusumi, Michisuke Yuzaki and Itaru Hamachi
Visualizing neurotransmitter receptor traffic is fundamental to understanding brain functions, but the current imaging methods can compromise the process. Here, the authors synthesize small fluorescent probes to label endogenous glutamate receptors in cell cultures and brain tissues, without affecting their function.
07 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14850

Multi-scale chromatin state annotation using a hierarchical hidden Markov model OPEN
Eugenio Marco, Wouter Meuleman, Jialiang Huang, Kimberly Glass, Luca Pinello, Jianrong Wang, Manolis Kellis and Guo-Cheng Yuan
The impact of chromatin structure on gene expression makes it integral to our understanding of developmental and disease processes. Here, the authors introduce a hierarchical hidden Markov model to systematically annotate chromatin states at multiple length scales, and demonstrate its utility for the elucidation of the role of chromatin structure in gene expression.
07 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms15011

Simulation of the NMR response in the pseudogap regime of the cuprates OPEN
Xi Chen, J. P. F. LeBlanc and Emanuel Gull
An understanding of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in terms of magnetic susceptibility is still lacking. Here, Chen et al. numerically study the temperature and doping dependent Knight shift and spin relaxation time in NMR response, providing insight to understand the pseudogap in cuprates.
07 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14986

Climate variations on Earth-like circumbinary planets OPEN
Max Popp and Siegfried Eggl
Large variations in insolation experienced by circumbinary planets raise the question of the habitability of such planets. Here, the authors show that while the changing insolation does not radically affect habitability, it does impact on the planet’s climate and on the interpretation of future observations.
06 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14957

Highly selective inhibition of histone demethylases by de novo macrocyclic peptides OPEN
Akane Kawamura, Martin Münzel, Tatsuya Kojima, Clarence Yapp, Bhaskar Bhushan, Yuki Goto, Anthony Tumber, Takayuki Katoh, Oliver N. F. King, Toby Passioura, Louise J. Walport, Stephanie B. Hatch, Sarah Madden, Susanne Müller, Paul E. Brennan, Rasheduzzaman Chowdhury, Richard J. Hopkinson, Hiroaki Suga and Christopher J. Schofield
JmjC histone demethylases (KDMs) are cancer targets due to their links to cell proliferation, but selective inhibition remains a challenge. Here the authors identify potent inhibitors of KDM4A-C—via in vitro selection from a vast library of cyclic peptides—that show selectivity over other KDMs.
06 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14773

Monocytic and granulocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells differentially regulate spatiotemporal tumour plasticity during metastatic cascade OPEN
Maria Ouzounova, Eunmi Lee, Raziye Piranlioglu, Abdeljabar El Andaloussi, Ravindra Kolhe, Mehmet F. Demirci, Daniela Marasco, Iskander Asm, Ahmed Chadli, Khaled A. Hassan, Muthusamy Thangaraju, Gang Zhou, Ali S. Arbab, John K. Cowell and Hasan Korkaya
Myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs) promote metastasis. Here, the authors show that the monocytic MDSCs subset promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition at the primary site while the granulocytic subset promotes the reverse transition at the metastatic site enabling dynamic tumour cells plasticity.
06 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14979

The Pu.1 target gene Zbtb11 regulates neutrophil development through its integrase-like HHCC zinc finger OPEN
Maria-Cristina Keightley, Duncan P. Carradice, Judith E. Layton, Luke Pase, Julien Y. Bertrand, Johannes G. Wittig, Aleksandar Dakic, Andrew P. Badrock, Nicholas J. Cole, David Traver, Stephen L. Nutt, Julia McCoey, Ashley M. Buckle, Joan K. Heath and Graham J. Lieschke
Neutrophils are increased in response to injury and infection but how they form from a common granulocyte-macrophage progenitor is unclear. Here, the authors identify a role for the transcriptional repressor ZBTB11 in zebrafish, which is regulated by master myeloid regulators and represses TP53.
06 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14911

Sensitive detection of rare disease-associated cell subsets via representation learning OPEN
Eirini Arvaniti and Manfred Claassen
While rare cell subpopulations frequently make the difference between health and disease, their detection remains a challenge. Here, the authors devise CellCnn, a representation learning approach to detecting such rare cell populations from high-dimensional single cell data, and, among other examples, demonstrate its capacity for detecting rare leukaemic blasts in minimal residual disease.
06 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14825

Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons coordinate hippocampal network dynamics required for memory consolidation OPEN
Nicolette Ognjanovski, Samantha Schaeffer, Jiaxing Wu, Sima Mofakham, Daniel Maruyama, Michal Zochowski and Sara J. Aton
Episodic memory consolidation requires activity in hippocampal area CA1. Here the authors report that pharmacogenetic inhibition of CA1 PV+ interneuron firing after fear learning blocks memory consolidation and disrupts associated enhancement in network oscillations and stabilization of functional connectivity patterns.
06 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms15039

An analytic approximation of the feasible space of metabolic networks OPEN
Alfredo Braunstein, Anna Paola Muntoni and Andrea Pagnani
Large-scale metabolic models of organisms from microbes to mammals can provide great insight into cellular function, but their analysis remains challenging. Here, the authors provide an approximate analytic method to estimate the feasible solution space for the flux vectors of metabolic networks, enabling more accurate analysis under a wide range of conditions of interest.
06 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14915

Naked d-orbital in a centrochiral Ni(II) complex as a catalyst for asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition OPEN
Yoshihiro Sohtome, Genta Nakamura, Atsuya Muranaka, Daisuke Hashizume, Sylvain Lectard, Teruhisa Tsuchimoto, Masanobu Uchiyama and Mikiko Sodeoka
Understanding the interplay between electronic structure and performance and how it relates to mechanism is important for catalysis. Here the authors report an asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition and show the Ni(II) catalyst possesses a weakly bound acetate ligand, leaving the dz2 orbital partially vacant.
06 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14875

Two-step photon up-conversion solar cells OPEN
Shigeo Asahi, Haruyuki Teranishi, Kazuki Kusaki, Toshiyuki Kaizu and Takashi Kita
Harvesting incident photons with energy below the bandgap may lead to highly efficient solar cells. By introducing InAs quantum dots at the hetero-interface, Asahi et al. achieve efficient two step photon up-conversion resulting in additional photocurrent and very high external quantum efficiency.
06 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14962

Bio-inspired Murray materials for mass transfer and activity OPEN
Xianfeng Zheng, Guofang Shen, Chao Wang, Yu Li, Darren Dunphy, Tawfique Hasan, C. Jeffrey Brinker and Bao-Lian Su
Plant and animal tissues have evolved to contain hierarchical networks of pores that maximize mass transfer and exchange. Here the authors fabricate bio-inspired materials with multi-scale macro–meso–micropores and show their enhanced performances as photocatalysts, gas sensors and Li-ion battery electrodes.
06 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14921

DNA origami-based shape IDs for single-molecule nanomechanical genotyping OPEN
Honglu Zhang, Jie Chao, Dun Pan, Huajie Liu, Yu Qiang, Ke Liu, Chengjun Cui, Jianhua Chen, Qing Huang, Jun Hu, Lianhui Wang, Wei Huang, Yongyong Shi and Chunhai Fan
Atomic force microscopy allows for the imaging of molecules at a nanometre resolution. Here the authors combine AFM with self-assembling DNA origami structures to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms and determine haplotypes.
06 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14738

Pd-catalysed ligand-enabled carboxylate-directed highly regioselective arylation of aliphatic acids OPEN
Yan Zhu, Xiaolan Chen, Chunchen Yuan, Guobao Li, Jingyu Zhang and Yingsheng Zhao
Palladium catalysed C-H functionalization of sp 3 carbons typically requires the installation and subsequent removal of a temporary directing group. Here the authors report a method allowing C-H functionalization in carboxylic acids in which the carboxylate acts as a directing group.
06 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14904

Constitutive smooth muscle tumour necrosis factor regulates microvascular myogenic responsiveness and systemic blood pressure OPEN
Jeffrey T. Kroetsch, Andrew S. Levy, Hangjun Zhang, Roozbeh Aschar-Sobbi, Darcy Lidington, Stefan Offermanns, Sergei A. Nedospasov, Peter H. Backx, Scott P. Heximer and Steffen-Sebastian Bolz
TNF is typically viewed as an inflammatory mediator. Here the authors identify a non-inflammatory mechanism conserved across species whereby the constitutively expressed smooth muscle cell TNF mediates myogenic signal transduction in skeletal muscle resistance arteries and regulates mean arterial blood pressure.
05 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14805

Formation of the first three gravitational-wave observations through isolated binary evolution OPEN
Simon Stevenson, Alejandro Vigna-Gómez, Ilya Mandel, Jim W. Barrett, Coenraad J. Neijssel, David Perkins and Selma E. de Mink
Advanced LIGO has detected gravitational waves from two binary black hole mergers, plus a merger candidate. Here the authors use the COMPAS code to show that all three events can be explained by a single evolutionary channel via a common envelope phase, and characterize the progenitor metallicity and masses.
05 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14906

EcR recruits dMi-2 and increases efficiency of dMi-2-mediated remodelling to constrain transcription of hormone-regulated genes OPEN
Judith Kreher, Kristina Kovač, Karim Bouazoune, Igor Mačinković, Anna Luise Ernst, Erik Engelen, Roman Pahl, Florian Finkernagel, Magdalena Murawska, Ikram Ullah and Alexander Brehm
In Drosophila, ecdysone-regulated genes are bound by a heterodimer of ecdysone receptor (EcR) and Ultraspiracle. Here, the authors provide evidence of a non-canonical complex containing EcR and the nucleosome remodeller dMi-2 that limits transcription of ecdysone-regulated genes.
05 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14806

Tunable orbital angular momentum in high-harmonic generation OPEN
D. Gauthier, P. Rebernik Ribič, G. Adhikary, A. Camper, C. Chappuis, R. Cucini, L. F. DiMauro, G. Dovillaire, F. Frassetto, R. Géneaux, P. Miotti, L. Poletto, B. Ressel, C. Spezzani, M. Stupar, T. Ruchon and G. De Ninno
The controlled generation of extreme-ultraviolet beams with controllable topological charge has not been demonstrated. Here, Gauthier et al. report on the generation of extreme-ultraviolet optical vortices with femtosecond duration carrying a controllable amount of orbital angular momentum.
05 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14971

A CD47-associated super-enhancer links pro-inflammatory signalling to CD47 upregulation in breast cancer OPEN
Paola A. Betancur, Brian J. Abraham, Ying Y. Yiu, Stephen B. Willingham, Farnaz Khameneh, Mark Zarnegar, Angera H. Kuo, Kelly McKenna, Yoko Kojima, Nicholas J. Leeper, Po Ho, Phung Gip, Tomek Swigut, Richard I. Sherwood, Michael F. Clarke, George Somlo, Richard A. Young and Irving L. Weissman
Super-enhancers (SEs) are big DNA regions regulating the transcription of oncogenes. Here the authors identify two SE regions regulating the expression of CD47, a protein expressed by cancer cells to avoid phagocytosis by macrophages, thus suggesting a potential mechanism of immune surveillance escape.
05 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14802

Optimal free descriptions of many-body theories OPEN
Christopher J. Turner, Konstantinos Meichanetzidis, Zlatko Papić and Jiannis K. Pachos
Physicists’ understanding of interacting many-body systems often depends on finding an approximate description in terms of non-interacting particles. Here, the authors propose a systematic approach to identify the closest free particle description of a given model.
05 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14926

Precise through-space control of an abiotic electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction OPEN
Kyle E. Murphy, Jessica L. Bocanegra, Xiaoxi Liu, H.-Y. Katharine Chau, Patrick C. Lee, Jianing Li and Severin T. Schneebeli
Regioselectivity during electrophilic aromatic substitution is typically controlled by substituents on the aryl group. Here the authors report an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, wherein remote chiral ester groups direct the electrophile to a precise location on the molecule.
05 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14840

Composite functional metasurfaces for multispectral achromatic optics OPEN
Ori Avayu, Euclides Almeida, Yehiam Prior and Tal Ellenbogen
Metasurfaces promise the possibility of thin optical elements, like lenses, but these mostly suffer from chromatic aberrations. Here, the authors demonstrate a multilayer fabrication approach with multiple materials to realise achromatic lenses and multispectral functional optical elements.
05 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14992

Controlling the orbital angular momentum of high harmonic vortices OPEN
Fanqi Kong, Chunmei Zhang, Frédéric Bouchard, Zhengyan Li, Graham G. Brown, Dong Hyuk Ko, T. J. Hammond, Ladan Arissian, Robert W. Boyd, Ebrahim Karimi and P. B. Corkum
Few methods can produce orbital angular momentum beams in the extreme ultraviolet or X-ray, and controlling orbital angular momentum on these beams remains challenging. Here the authors apply wave mixing to a tabletop high-harmonic source and control the topological charge of extreme ultraviolet beams.
05 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms14970
 
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  Latest Errata  
 
Erratum: Connecting genetic risk to disease end points through the human blood plasma proteome OPEN
Karsten Suhre, Matthias Arnold, Aditya Mukund Bhagwat, Richard J. Cotton, Rudolf Engelke, Johannes Raffler, Hina Sarwath, Gaurav Thareja, Annika Wahl, Robert Kirk DeLisle, Larry Gold, Marija Pezer, Gordan Lauc, Mohammed A. El-Din Selim, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Eman K. Al-Dous, Yasmin A. Mohamoud, Joel Malek, Konstantin Strauch, Harald Grallert et al.
11 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms15345

 
 
Erratum: The microbiota maintain homeostasis of liver-resident γδT-17 cells in a lipid antigen/CD1d-dependent manner OPEN
Fenglei Li, Xiaolei Hao, Yongyan Chen, Li Bai, Xiang Gao, Zhexiong Lian, Haiming Wei, Rui Sun and Zhigang Tian
06 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms15265

 
 
Erratum: SC83288 is a clinical development candidate for the treatment of severe malaria OPEN
Stefano Pegoraro, Maëlle Duffey, Thomas D. Otto, Yulin Wang, Roman Rösemann, Roland Baumgartner, Stefanie K. Fehler, Leonardo Lucantoni, Vicky M. Avery, Alicia Moreno-Sabater, Dominique Mazier, Henri J. Vial, Stefan Strobl, Cecilia P. Sanchez and Michael Lanzer
06 April 2017 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms15273
 
 

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