Scientific Reports Biology Table of Contents e-alert: 07 March 2017

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07 March 2017      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               npj Science of Learning is a new open access, online-only journal bringing together the findings of neuroscientists, psychologists, and education researchers to understand how the brain learns. Read the latest featured papers: Genetics and educational attainment What data and analytics can and do say about effective learning                 Biological Sciences               Sex allocation promotes the stable co-occurrence of competitive species ▶     Kazuya Kobayashi     Biodiversity has long been a source of wonder and scientific curiosity. Theoretically, the co-occurrence of competitive species requires niche differentiation, and such …             GS-5734 and its parent nucleoside analog inhibit Filo-, Pneumo-, and Paramyxoviruses ▶     Michael K. Lo, Robert Jordan, Aaron Arvey et al.     GS-5734 is a monophosphate prodrug of an adenosine nucleoside analog that showed therapeutic efficacy in a non-human primate model of Ebola virus infection. It has been …             Developmental Sex Differences in the Metabolism of Cardiolipin in Mouse Cerebral Cortex Mitochondria ▶     Estefanía Acaz-Fonseca, Ana Ortiz-Rodriguez, Ana B. Lopez-Rodriguez et al.     Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondrial-specific phospholipid. CL content and acyl chain composition are crucial for energy production. Given that estradiol induces CL synthesis in …             A Novel Ideal Radionuclide Imaging System for Non-invasively Cell Monitoring built on Baculovirus Backbone by Introducing Sleeping Beauty Transposon ▶     Jing Lv, Yu Pan, Huijun Ju et al.     Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon is an attractive tool in stable transgene integration both in vitro and in vivo; and we introduced SB transposon into recombinant sodium-iodide …             Engineered yeast with a CO2-fixation pathway to improve the bio-ethanol production from xylose-mixed sugars ▶     Yun-Jie Li, Miao-Miao Wang, Ya-Wei Chen et al.     Bio-ethanol production from lignocellulosic raw materials could serve as a sustainable potential for improving the supply of liquid fuels in face of the food-to-fuel competition …             Chronic alcohol consumption decreases brown adipose tissue mass and disrupts thermoregulation: a possible role for altered retinoid signaling ▶     William S. Blaner, Madeleine A. Gao, Hongfeng Jiang et al.     Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of dietary vitamin A, acts as a ligand for nuclear receptor transcription factors with more than 500 known target genes. It is becoming …             Effect of predatory bacteria on the gut bacterial microbiota in rats ▶     Kenneth Shatzkes, Chi Tang, Eric Singleton et al.     Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus are Gram-negative proteobacteria that are obligate predators of other Gram-negative bacteria and are considered …             The taste response to ammonia in Drosophila ▶     R. Delventhal, K. Menuz, R. Joseph et al.     Ammonia is both a building block and a breakdown product of amino acids and is found widely in the environment. The odor of ammonia is attractive to many insects, including …             A Bayesian Target Predictor Method based on Molecular Pairing Energies estimation ▶     Antoni Oliver, Vincent Canals, Josep L. Rosselló     Virtual screening (VS) is applied in the early drug discovery phases for the quick inspection of huge molecular databases to identify those compounds that most likely bind to a …             Dynamics of cancerous tissue correlates with invasiveness ▶     Ann-Katrine Vransø West, Lena Wullkopf, Amalie Christensen et al.     Two of the classical hallmarks of cancer are uncontrolled cell division and tissue invasion, which turn the disease into a systemic, life-threatening condition. Although both …             Nuclear relocation of Kss1 contributes to the specificity of the mating response ▶     Serge Pelet     Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) play a central role in transducing extra-cellular signals into defined biological responses. These enzymes, conserved in all eukaryotes, …             Glucocorticoid resistance of migration and gene expression in a daughter MDA-MB-231 breast tumour cell line selected for high metastatic potential ▶     Ebony R. Fietz, Christine R. Keenan, Guillermo López-Campos et al.     Glucocorticoids are commonly used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting despite a lack of understanding of their direct effect on cancer progression. Recent studies …             Long-term effects of bisphosphonate therapy: perforations, microcracks and mechanical properties ▶     Shaocheng Ma, En Lin Goh, Andi Jin et al.     Osteoporosis is characterised by trabecular bone loss resulting from increased osteoclast activation and unbalanced coupling between resorption and formation, which induces a …             IL-6 ameliorates acute lung injury in influenza virus infection ▶     Mei-Lin Yang, Chung-Teng Wang, Shiu-Ju Yang et al.     Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is involved in innate and adaptive immune responses to defend against pathogens. It also participates in the process of influenza infection by affecting …             Androgen receptor is a potential novel prognostic marker and oncogenic target in osteosarcoma with dependence on CDK11 ▶     Yunfei Liao, Slim Sassi, Stefan Halvorsen et al.     Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in children and adolescents. Previously, we have found that cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) signaling was essential for …             A 3D self-organizing multicellular epidermis model of barrier formation and hydration with realistic cell morphology based on EPISIM ▶     Thomas Sütterlin, Erika Tsingos, Jalil Bensaci et al.     The epidermis and the stratum corneum (SC) as its outermost layer have evolved to protect the body from evaporative water loss to the environment. To morphologically represent …             Cooperation in carbon source degradation shapes spatial self-organization of microbial consortia on hydrated surfaces ▶     Robin Tecon, Dani Or     Mounting evidence suggests that natural microbial communities exhibit a high level of spatial organization at the micrometric scale that facilitate ecological interactions and …             Transplantation of hUC-MSCs seeded collagen scaffolds reduces scar formation and promotes functional recovery in canines with chronic spinal cord injury ▶     Xing Li, Jun Tan, Zhifeng Xiao et al.     Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to locomotor deficits, and the repair of chronic SCI is considered one of the most challenging clinical problems. Although extensive studies …             The interaction between farming/rural environment and TLR2, TLR4, TLR6 and CD14 genetic polymorphisms in relation to early- and late-onset asthma ▶     Melisa Y. Z. Lau, Shyamali C. Dharmage, John A. Burgess et al.     Asthma phenotypes based on age-of-onset may be differently influenced by the interaction between variation in toll-like receptor (TLR)/CD14 genes and environmental microbes. We …             Functional annotation of sixty-five type-2 diabetes risk SNPs and its application in risk prediction ▶     Yiming Wu, Runyu Jing, Yongcheng Dong et al.     Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than sixty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, …             Vegetative propagation capacity of invasive alligator weed through small stolon fragments under different treatments ▶     Xuemei Peng, Haiyan Li, Yunfei Yang et al.     The ability to propagate via small diaspores is crucial for the invasion of a clone plant that does not reproduce sexually in its introduced range. We investigated the effects of …             Highly-Exposed HIV-1 seronegative Female Commercial Sex Workers sustain in their genital mucosa increased frequencies of tolerogenic myeloid and regulatory T-cells ▶     V. Thibodeau, L. Fourcade, A.-C. Labbé et al.     We and others have shown that HIV-1 highly-exposed seronegative (HESN) female commercial sex workers (CSWs) maintain low genital inflammatory conditions to prevent HIV infection. …             Effect of age on pro-inflammatory miRNAs contained in mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ▶     J. Fafián-Labora, I. Lesende-Rodriguez, P. Fernández-Pernas et al.     Stem cells possess significant age-dependent differences in their immune-response profile. These differences were analysed by Next-Generation Sequencing of six age groups from …             Multifork chromosome replication in slow-growing bacteria ▶     Damian Trojanowski, Joanna Hołówka, Katarzyna Ginda et al.     The growth rates of bacteria must be coordinated with major cell cycle events, including chromosome replication. When the doubling time (Td) is shorter than the duration of …             A standardized method for lectin microarray-based tissue glycome mapping ▶     Xia Zou, Maki Yoshida, Chiaki Nagai-Okatani et al.     The significance of glycomic profiling has been highlighted by recent findings that structural changes of glycans are observed in many diseases, including cancer. Therefore, …             Cargo self-assembly rescues affinity of cell-penetrating peptides to lipid membranes ▶     Andreas Weinberger, Vivien Walter, Sarah R. MacEwan et al.     Although cationic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are able to bind to cell membranes, thus promoting cell internalization by active pathways, attachment of cargo molecules to …             Downregulation of MMP1 in MDS-derived mesenchymal stromal cells reduces the capacity to restrict MDS cell proliferation ▶     Sida Zhao, Youshan Zhao, Juan Guo et al.     The role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has been increasingly addressed, but has yet to be clearly elucidated. In this …             Phage-host interactions in Streptococcus thermophilus: Genome analysis of phages isolated in Uruguay and ectopic spacer acquisition in CRISPR array ▶     Rodrigo Achigar, Alfonso H. Magadán, Denise M. Tremblay et al.     Three cos-type virulent Streptococcus thermophilus phages were isolated from failed mozzarella production in Uruguay. Genome analyses showed that these phages are similar to …             Continual Antigenic Diversification in China Leads to Global Antigenic Complexity of Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses ▶     Yousong Peng, Xiaodan Li, Hongbo Zhou et al.     The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus poses a significant potential threat to human society due to its wide spread and rapid evolution. In this study, we …             OM-85 is an immunomodulator of interferon-β production and inflammasome activity ▶     A. T. Dang, C. Pasquali, K. Ludigs et al.     The inflammasome–IL-1 axis and type I interferons (IFNs) have been shown to exert protective effects upon respiratory tract infections. Conversely, IL-1 has also been implicated …             A temporal proteome dynamics study reveals the molecular basis of induced phenotypic resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis at sub-lethal rifampicin concentrations ▶     Alexander D. Giddey, Elise de Kock, Kehilwe C. Nakedi et al.     In the last 40 years only one new antitubercular drug has been approved, whilst resistance to current drugs, including rifampicin, is spreading. Here, we used the model organism …             Adopt, ignore, or kill? Male poison frogs adjust parental decisions according to their territorial status ▶     Eva Ringler, Kristina Barbara Beck, Steffen Weinlein et al.     Systematic infanticide of unrelated young has been reported in several animal taxa. Particular attention has been given to carnivores and primates, where infanticide is a …             Amyloid precursor protein modulates macrophage phenotype and diet-dependent weight gain ▶     Kendra L. Puig, Stephen A. Brose, Xudong Zhou et al.     It is well known that mutations in the gene coding for amyloid precursor protein are responsible for autosomal dominant forms of Alzheimer’s disease. Proteolytic processing of …             Molecular Analysis of BRCA1 in Human Breast Cancer Cells Under Oxidative Stress ▶     Brian L. Gilmore, Yanping Liang, Carly E. Winton et al.     The precise manner in which physical changes to the breast cancer susceptibility protein (BRCA1) affect its role in DNA repair events remain unclear. Indeed, cancer cells …             Fecal Bacterial Communities in treated HIV infected individuals on two antiretroviral regimens ▶     Sandra Pinto-Cardoso, Catherine Lozupone, Olivia Briceño et al.     Intestinal microbiome changes that occur in HIV positive individuals on different antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens are important to understand, as they are potentially …             Foreign Plastid Sequences in Plant Mitochondria are Frequently Acquired Via Mitochondrion-to-Mitochondrion Horizontal Transfer ▶     C. L. Gandini, M. V. Sanchez-Puerta     Angiosperm mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) exhibit variable quantities of alien sequences. Many of these sequences are acquired by intracellular gene transfer (IGT) from the …             Chemical or genetic Pin1 inhibition exerts potent anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma by blocking multiple cancer-driving pathways ▶     Xin-Hua Liao, Arina Li Zhang, Min Zheng et al.     Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and malignant cancers with high inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. A central common signaling mechanism in cancer …             The rhythms of predictive coding? Pre-stimulus phase modulates the influence of shape perception on luminance judgments ▶     Biao Han, Rufin VanRullen     Predictive coding is an influential model emphasizing interactions between feedforward and feedback signals. Here, we investigated the temporal dynamics of these interactions. …             CTCF participates in DNA damage response via poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation ▶     Deqiang Han, Qian Chen, Jiazhong Shi et al.     CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) plays an essential role in regulating the structure of chromatin by binding DNA strands for defining the boundary between active and heterochromatic …             Epigenetic modifications of interleukin-6 in synovial fibroblasts from osteoarthritis patients ▶     Fei Yang, Song Zhou, Chuandong Wang et al.     Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative disease of the synovial joint. The synovial membrane is responsible for the inflammatory reaction leading to the secretion of …             SENP3-mediated deSUMOylation of Drp1 facilitates interaction with Mff to promote cell death ▶     Chun Guo, Kevin A. Wilkinson, Ashley J. Evans et al.     The GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is essential for physiological and pathophysiological mitochondrial fission. DeSUMOylation of Drp1 by the enzyme SENP3 promotes cell …             Inhibiting histone deacetylases suppresses glucose metabolism and hepatocellular carcinoma growth by restoring FBP1 expression ▶     Jing Yang, Xin Jin, Yuqian Yan et al.     Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the world. Elevated glucose metabolism in the availability of oxygen, a phenomenon called the …             Knockdown of the MAPK p38 pathway increases the susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ca toxin ▶     Lin Qiu, Jinxing Fan, Lang Liu et al.     The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a wide range of toxins that are effective against a number of insect pests. Identifying the mechanisms responsible for …             Working dogs cooperate among one another by generalised reciprocity ▶     Nastassja Gfrerer, Michael Taborsky     Cooperation by generalised reciprocity implies that individuals apply the decision rule “help anyone if helped by someone”. This mechanism has been shown to generate …             D-form KLKLLLLLKLK-NH2 peptide exerts higher antimicrobial properties than its L-form counterpart via an association with bacterial cell wall components ▶     Takayuki Manabe, Kiyoshi Kawasaki     The antimicrobial peptide KLKLLLLLKLK-NH2 was developed based on sapesin B, and synthesized using D-amino acids. Biochemical properties of the D-form and L-form KLKLLLLLKLK-NH2 …             Notch Ligand DLL4 Alleviates Allergic Airway Inflammation via Induction of a Homeostatic Regulatory Pathway ▶     Miao-Tzu Huang, Yi-Lien Chen, Chia-I Lien et al.     Notch is a pleiotropic signaling family that has been implicated in pathogenesis of allergic airway diseases; however, the distinct function of individual Notch ligands remains …             Conserved intergenic sequences revealed by CTAG-profiling in Salmonella: thermodynamic modeling for function prediction ▶     Le Tang, Songling Zhu, Emilio Mastriani et al.     Highly conserved short sequences help identify functional genomic regions and facilitate genomic annotation. We used Salmonella as the model to search the genome for …             Iteration expansion and regional evolution: phylogeography of Dendrobium officinale and four related taxa in southern China ▶     Beiwei Hou, Jing Luo, Yusi Zhang et al.     The genus Dendrobium was used as a case study to elucidate the evolutionary history of Orchidaceae in the Sino-Japanese Floristic Region (SJFR) and Southeast Asia region. These …             Characterization of cholesterol homeostasis in sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase-deficient fibroblasts reveals a Niemann-Pick disease type C-like phenotype with enhanced lysosomal Ca22+ storage ▶     Hans Vienken, Nathalie Mabrouki, Katja Grabau et al.     Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase irreversibly cleaves S1P, thereby catalysing the ultimate step of sphingolipid degradation. We show here that embryonic fibroblasts from S1P …             A biomimetic gelatin-based platform elicits a pro-differentiation effect on podocytes through mechanotransduction ▶     Mufeng Hu, Evren U. Azeloglu, Amit Ron et al.     Using a gelatin microbial transglutaminase (gelatin-mTG) cell culture platform tuned to exhibit stiffness spanning that of healthy and diseased glomeruli, we demonstrate that …             Identification and functional analysis of the ICK gene family in maize ▶     Qianlin Xiao, Chunxia Zhang, Hui Li et al.     Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (ICKs) are key regulators of cyclin-dependent kinase activities and cell division. Herein, we identified eight ICKs in maize, which we …             Galectin-3 is a non-classic RNA binding protein that stabilizes the mucin MUC4 mRNA in the cytoplasm of cancer cells ▶     Lucie Coppin, Audrey Vincent, Frédéric Frénois et al.     Pancreatic cancer cells express high levels of MUC1, MUC4 and MUC16 mRNAs that encode membrane-bound mucins. These mRNAs share unusual features such as a long half-life. However, …             bHLH142 regulates various metabolic pathway-related genes to affect pollen development and anther dehiscence in rice ▶     Rajeev Ranjan, Reema Khurana, Naveen Malik et al.     Apposite development of anther and its dehiscence are important for the reproductive success of the flowering plants. Recently, bHLH142, a bHLH transcription factor encoding gene …             Dynamics of miRNA transcriptome during gonadal development of zebrafish ▶     Christopher Presslauer, Teshome Tilahun Bizuayehu, Martina Kopp et al.     Studies in non-teleost vertebrates have found microRNAs (miRNAs) to be essential for proper gonadal development. However, comparatively little is known about their role during …             The RNAi pathway plays a small part in Wolbachia-mediated blocking of dengue virus in mosquito cells ▶     Gerard Terradas, D. Albert Joubert, Elizabeth A. McGraw     Wolbachia pipientis is an insect endosymbiont known to limit the replication of viruses including dengue and Zika in their primary mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. Wolbachia is …             Ischemic injury leads to extracellular matrix alterations in retina and optic nerve ▶     Jacqueline Reinhard, Marina Renner, Susanne Wiemann et al.     Retinal ischemia occurs in a variety of eye diseases. Restrained blood flow induces retinal damage, which leads to progressive optic nerve degeneration and vision loss. Previous …             Data-Driven Discovery of Extravasation Pathway in Circulating Tumor Cells ▶     S. Yadavalli, S. Jayaram, S. S. Manda et al.     Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a crucial role in cancer dissemination and provide a promising source of blood-based markers. Understanding the spectrum of transcriptional …             Improving porcine in vitro fertilization output by simulating the oviductal environment ▶     Cristina Soriano-Úbeda, Francisco A. García-Vázquez, Jon Romero-Aguirregomezcorta et al.     Differences between the in vitro and in vivo environment in which fertilization occurs seem to play a key role in the low efficiency of porcine in vitro fertilization (IVF). This …             Population genomics of an endemic Mediterranean fish: differentiation by fine scale dispersal and adaptation ▶     Carlos Carreras, Víctor Ordóñez, Lorenzo Zane et al.     The assessment of the genetic structuring of biodiversity is crucial for management and conservation. For species with large effective population sizes a low number of markers …             Adipokines (Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin) Differentially Regulate All Hormonal Cell Types in Primary Anterior Pituitary Cell Cultures from Two Primate Species ▶     André Sarmento-Cabral, Juan R. Peinado, Lisa C. Halliday et al.     Adipose-tissue (AT) is an endocrine organ that dynamically secretes multiple hormones, the adipokines, which regulate key physiological processes. However, adipokines and their …             RUG3 and ATM synergistically regulate the alternative splicing of mitochondrial nad2 and the DNA damage response in Arabidopsis thaliana ▶     Chao Su, Hongtao Zhao, Yankun Zhao et al.     The root apical meristem (RAM) determines both RAM activity and the growth of roots. Plant roots are constantly exposed to adverse environmental stresses that can cause DNA …             Contribution of engineered nanomaterials physicochemical properties to mast cell degranulation ▶     Monica M. Johnson, Ryan Mendoza, Achyut J. Raghavendra et al.     The rapid development of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) has grown dramatically in the last decade, with increased use in consumer products, industrial materials, and …             Loss of the EPH receptor B6 contributes to colorectal cancer metastasis ▶     Silvia Mateo-Lozano, Sarah Bazzocco, Paulo Rodrigues et al.     Although deregulation of EPHB signaling has been shown to be an important step in colorectal tumorigenesis, the role of EPHB6 in this process has not been investigated. We found …             Data integration aids understanding of butterfly–host plant networks ▶     Ai Muto-Fujita, Kazuhiro Takemoto, Shigehiko Kanaya et al.     Although host-plant selection is a central topic in ecology, its general underpinnings are poorly understood. Here, we performed a case study focusing on the publicly available …             Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatant enhance neonatal resistance to systemic Escherichia coli K1 infection by accelerating development of intestinal defense ▶     Xiaolong He, Qing Zeng, Santhosh Puthiyakunnon et al.     The objective of this study was to determine whether Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG culture supernatant (LCS) has a preventive effect against gut-derived systemic neonatal …             Exosomes function in antigen presentation during an in vivo Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection ▶     Victoria L. Smith, Yong Cheng, Barry R. Bryant et al.     Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages and dendritic cells are limited in their ability to present antigen to CD4+ T cells suggesting that other mechanism of antigen …             The syndrome of central hypothyroidism and macroorchidism: IGSF1 controls TRHR and FSHB expression by differential modulation of pituitary TGFβ and Activin pathways ▶     Marta García, Raquel Barrio, Montserrat García-Lavandeira et al.     IGSF1 (Immunoglobulin Superfamily 1) gene defects cause central hypothyroidism and macroorchidism. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease remain unclear. Based on a …             Single-Molecule Counting of Point Mutations by Transient DNA Binding ▶     Xin Su, Lidan Li, Shanshan Wang et al.     High-confidence detection of point mutations is important for disease diagnosis and clinical practice. Hybridization probes are extensively used, but are hindered by their poor …             Response inhibition in Attention deficit disorder and neurofibromatosis type 1 – clinically similar, neurophysiologically different ▶     Annet Bluschke, Maja von der Hagen, Katharina Papenhagen et al.     There are large overlaps in cognitive deficits occurring in attention deficit disorder (ADD) and neurodevelopmental disorders like neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). This overlap is …             Antithymocyte globulin improves the survival of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome undergoing HLA-matched unrelated donor and haplo-identical donor transplants ▶     Hong Wang, Hong Liu, Jin-Yi Zhou et al.     Significant advances have been achieved in the outcomes of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) after both HLA-matched sibling donor transplants (MSDT) and non-MSDT, the …             Dietary restriction protects against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular tumorigenesis by restoring the disturbed gene expression profile ▶     Ting Duan, Wenjie Sun, Mohan Zhang et al.     Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal and prevalent malignancies, worse still, there are very limited therapeutic measures with poor clinical outcomes. Dietary …             Role of a circadian-relevant gene NR1D1 in brain development: possible involvement in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders ▶     Masahide Goto, Makoto Mizuno, Ayumi Matsumoto et al.     In our previous study, we screened autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients with and without sleep disorders for mutations in the coding regions of circadian-relevant genes, and …             The influence of population stratification on genetic markers associated with type 1 diabetes ▶     Karla Fabiana Brasil Gomes, Aritânia Sousa Santos, Cintia Semzezem et al.     Ethnic admixtures may interfere with the definition of type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk determinants. The role of HLA, PTPN22, INS-VNTR, and CTLA4 in T1D predisposition was analyzed in …             High frequency stimulation induces sonic hedgehog release from hippocampal neurons ▶     Yujuan Su, Yuan Yuan, Shengjie Feng et al.     Sonic hedgehog (SHH) as a secreted protein is important for neuronal development in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the mechanism about SHH release remains largely …             A selective and label-free strategy for rapid screening of telomere-binding Ligands via fluorescence regulation of DNA/silver nanocluster ▶     Rui Cheng, Jing Xu, Xiafei Zhang et al.     Herein, the conformational switch of G-rich oligonucleotide (GDNA) demonstrated the obvious functional switch of GDNA which was found to significantly affect the fluorescence of …             A new malaria vector mosquito in South Africa ▶     Ashley Burke, Leonard Dandalo, Givemore Munhenga et al.     South Africa aims to eliminate malaria within its borders by 2018. Despite well-coordinated provincial vector control programmes that are based on indoor residual insecticide …             Identification of stable housekeeping genes in response to ionizing radiation in cancer research ▶     Gopal Iyer, Albert R. Wang, Sean R. Brennan et al.     Housekeeping genes (HKGs) are essential for basic maintenance of a variety of cellular processes. They ideally maintain uniform expression independent of experimental conditions. …             High glucose levels boost the aggressiveness of highly metastatic cholangiocarcinoma cells via O-GlcNAcylation ▶     Chatchai Phoomak, Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn, Atit Silsirivanit et al.     Increased glucose utilization is a feature of cancer cells to support cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis. An association between diabetes mellitus and cancer …             In Situ Activation of Pituitary-Infiltrating T Lymphocytes in Autoimmune Hypophysitis ▶     Han-Huei Lin, Angelika Gutenberg, Tzu-Yu Chen et al.     Autoimmune hypophysitis (AH) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by infiltration of T and B lymphocytes in the pituitary gland. The mechanisms through which …             Increased circulating β2-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies are associated with smoking-related emphysema ▶     Jia-yi Hu, Bei-bei Liu, Yi-peng Du et al.     Smoking is a dominant risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema, but not every smoker develops emphysema. Immune responses in smokers vary. Some …             Racial and Ethnic Variation in the Association of Social Integration with Mortality: Ten-year Prospective Population-based US Study ▶     Steven D. Barger, Bert N. Uchino     Substantial data link social relationships with mortality but few studies have examined whether these associations are consistent across racial and ethnic groups. The purpose of …             Polarization-controlled optimal scatter suppression in transient absorption spectroscopy ▶     Pavel Malý, Janneke Ravensbergen, John T. M. Kennis et al.     Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study fast photo-induced processes, such as electron, proton and energy transfer, isomerization and …             Network theory may explain the vulnerability of medieval human settlements to the Black Death pandemic ▶     José M. Gómez, Miguel Verdú     Epidemics can spread across large regions becoming pandemics by flowing along transportation and social networks. Two network attributes, transitivity (when a node is connected …             MiR-139-5p as a novel serum biomarker for recurrence and metastasis in colorectal cancer ▶     Jinsei Miyoshi, Shusuke Toden, Kazuhiro Yoshida et al.     Approximately 30–50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who undergo curative resection subsequently experience tumor recurrence or metastasis. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are a …             Gender and Regional Differences in Sleep Quality and Insomnia: A General Population-based Study in Hunan Province of China ▶     Jinsong Tang, Yanhui Liao, Brian C. Kelly et al.     Insomnia and the inability to sleep affect people’s health and well-being. However, its systematic estimates of prevalence and distribution in the general population in China are …             Characterization of gene expression profiles in HBV-related liver fibrosis patients and identification of ITGBL1 as a key regulator of fibrogenesis ▶     Mingjie Wang, Qiming Gong, Jiming Zhang et al.     Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of liver fibrosis (LF), the mechanisms underlying liver fibrotic progression remain unclear. Here, we investigated …             Whole genome sequences of three Clade 3 Clostridium difficile strains carrying binary toxin genes in China ▶     Rong Chen, Yu Feng, Xiaohui Wang et al.     Clostridium difficile consists of six clades but studies on Clade 3 are limited. Here, we report genome sequences of three Clade 3 C. difficile strains carrying genes encoding …             Comparison of different critical nitrogen dilution curves for nitrogen diagnosis in rice ▶     Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim, Yan Zhu, Xiaojun Liu et al.     The critical nitrogen (N) dilution curve is a suitable analytical tool for in-season estimation of N status to implement precision N management. This study was undertaken for a …             Endosymbiotic calcifying bacteria across sponge species and oceans ▶     Leire Garate, Jan Sureda, Gemma Agell et al.     From an evolutionary point of view, sponges are ideal targets to study marine symbioses as they are the most ancient living metazoans and harbour highly diverse microbial …             Theranostic 3-Dimensional nano brain-implant for prolonged and localized treatment of recurrent glioma ▶     Ranjith Ramachandran, Vijayabhaskar Reddy Junnuthula, G. Siddaramana Gowd et al.     Localized and controlled delivery of chemotherapeutics directly in brain-tumor for prolonged periods may radically improve the prognosis of recurrent glioblastoma. Here, we …             WEE1 inhibition targets cell cycle checkpoints for triple negative breast cancers to overcome cisplatin resistance ▶     Hongping Zheng, Fangyuan Shao, Scots Martin et al.     Cisplatin is one of the most commonly used therapeutic drugs for cancer therapy, yet prolonged cisplatin treatment frequently results in drug resistance. To enhance therapeutic …             Astrocyte pathology in a human neural stem cell model of frontotemporal dementia caused by mutant TAU protein ▶     Anna-Lena Hallmann, Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo, Lampros Mavrommatis et al.     Astroglial pathology is seen in various neurodegenerative diseases including frontotemporal dementia (FTD), which can be caused by mutations in the gene encoding the …             Consequences of biodiversity loss diverge from expectation due to post-extinction compensatory responses ▶     Matthias S. Thomsen, Clement Garcia, Stefan G. Bolam et al.     Consensus has been reached that global biodiversity loss impairs ecosystem functioning and the sustainability of services beneficial to humanity. However, the ecosystem …             The developmental and environmental regulation of gravitropic setpoint angle in Arabidopsis and bean ▶     Suruchi Roychoudhry, Martin Kieffer, Marta Del Bianco et al.     Root and shoot branches are major determinants of plant form and critical for the effective capture of resources below and above ground. These branches are often maintained at …             High-density genetic map and identification of QTLs for responses to temperature and salinity stresses in the model brown alga Ectocarpus ▶     Komlan Avia, Susana M. Coelho, Gabriel J. Montecinos et al.     Deciphering the genetic architecture of adaptation of brown algae to environmental stresses such as temperature and salinity is of evolutionary as well as of practical interest. …             Production of the medaka derived from vitrified whole testes by germ cell transplantation ▶     Shinsuke Seki, Kazunari Kusano, Seungki Lee et al.     The medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a teleost model distinguished from other model organisms by the presence of inbred strains, wild stocks, and related species. Cryopreservation …             Nucleophosmin Interacts with PIN2/TERF1-interacting Telomerase Inhibitor 1 (PinX1) and Attenuates the PinX1 Inhibition on Telomerase Activity ▶     Derek Hang-Cheong Cheung, Sai-Tim Ho, Kwok-Fai Lau et al.     Telomerase activation and telomere maintenance are critical for cellular immortalization and transformation. PIN2/TERF1-interacting telomerase inhibitor 1 (PinX1) is a telomerase …             Passion fruit-like nano-architectures: a general synthesis route ▶     D. Cassano, J. David, S. Luin et al.     Noble metal nanostructures have demonstrated a number of intriguing features for both medicine and catalysis. However, accumulation issues have prevented their clinical …             Word meaning acquisition is reflected in brain potentials of isolated words ▶     Jan Rouke Kuipers, Anastasia Uminski, Zoe Green et al.     Learning a new concept and corresponding word typically involves repeated exposure to the word in the same or a similar context until the link crystallizes in long term memory. …             Antimicrobial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation in a three-dimensional lung epithelial model and the influence of fetal bovine serum ▶     Aurélie Crabbé, Yulong Liu, Nele Matthijs et al.     In vitro models that mimic in vivo host-pathogen interactions are needed to evaluate candidate drugs that inhibit bacterial virulence traits. We established a new approach to …             Complete mitochondrial sequences from Mesolithic Sardinia ▶     Alessandra Modi, Francesca Tassi, Roberta Rosa Susca et al.     Little is known about the genetic prehistory of Sardinia because of the scarcity of pre-Neolithic human remains. From a genetic perspective, modern Sardinians are known as …             Reaching back: the relative strength of the retroactive emotional attentional blink ▶     Áine Ní Choisdealbha, Richard M. Piech, John K. Fuller et al.     Visual stimuli with emotional content appearing in close temporal proximity either before or after a target stimulus can hinder conscious perceptual processing of the target via …             The mechanics clarifying counterclockwise rotation in most IVF eggs in mice ▶     Kenta Ishimoto, Masahito Ikawa, Masaru Okabe     In mammalian fertilization, a small spermatozoon interacts with an egg that is a few thousand times larger in volume. In spite of the big difference in size and mass, when …             Cholesterol depletion impairs contractile machinery in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes ▶     Barbara Hissa, Patrick W. Oakes, Bruno Pontes et al.     Cholesterol regulates numerous cellular processes. Depleting its synthesis in skeletal myofibers induces vacuolization and contraction impairment. However, little is known about …             Characterization of the Dynamic Transcriptome of a Herpesvirus with Long-read Single Molecule Real-Time Sequencing ▶     Dóra Tombácz, Zsolt Balázs, Zsolt Csabai et al.     Herpesvirus gene expression is co-ordinately regulated and sequentially ordered during productive infection. The viral genes can be classified into three distinct kinetic groups: …             bta-miR-23a involves in adipogenesis of progenitor cells derived from fetal bovine skeletal muscle ▶     Long Guan, Xin Hu, Li Liu et al.     Intramuscular fat deposition or marbling is essential for high quality beef. The molecular mechanism of adipogenesis in skeletal muscle remains largely unknown. In this study, we …             Higher-order power harmonics of pulsed electrical stimulation modulates corticospinal contribution of peripheral nerve stimulation ▶     Chiun-Fan Chen, Marom Bikson, Li-Wei Chou et al.     It is well established that electrical-stimulation frequency is crucial to determining the scale of induced neuromodulation, particularly when attempting to modulate …             Chemosensory adaptations of the mountain fly Drosophila nigrosparsa (Insecta: Diptera) through genomics’ and structural biology’s lenses ▶     Francesco Cicconardi, Daniele Di Marino, Pier Paolo Olimpieri et al.     Chemoreception is essential for survival. Some chemicals signal the presence of nutrients or toxins, others the proximity of mating partners, competitors, or predators. Chemical …             An inflammatory gene signature distinguishes neurofibroma Schwann cells and macrophages from cells in the normal peripheral nervous system ▶     Kwangmin Choi, Kakajan Komurov, Jonathan S. Fletcher et al.     Neurofibromas are benign peripheral nerve tumors driven by NF1 loss in Schwann cells (SCs). Macrophages are abundant in neurofibromas, and macrophage targeted interventions may …             Cell Type-Specific Epigenomic Analysis Reveals a Uniquely Closed Chromatin Architecture in Mouse Rod Photoreceptors ▶     Andrew E. O. Hughes, Jennifer M. Enright, Connie A. Myers et al.     Rod photoreceptors are specialized neurons that mediate vision in dim light and are the predominant photoreceptor type in nocturnal mammals. The rods of nocturnal mammals are …             Information Certainty Determines Social and Private Information Use in Ants ▶     Nathalie Stroeymeyt, Martin Giurfa, Nigel R. Franks     Decision-making in uncertain environments requires animals to evaluate, contrast and integrate various information sources to choose appropriate actions. In consensus-making …             Cryptic diversity in Tranzscheliella spp. (Ustilaginales) is driven by host switches ▶     Ying-Ming Li, Roger G. Shivas, Lei Cai     Species of Tranzscheliella have been reported as pathogens of more than 30 genera of grasses (Poaceae). In this study, a combined morphological and molecular phylogenetic …             The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway in the TLR4-induced tolerogenic phenotype in human DCs ▶     Fabián Salazar, Dennis Awuah, Ola H. Negm et al.     A controlled inflammatory response is required for protection against infection, but persistent inflammation causes tissue damage. Dendritic cells (DCs) have a unique capacity to …             Human eyelid adipose tissue-derived Schwann cells promote regeneration of a transected sciatic nerve ▶     Gangyang Wang, Lingling Cao, Yang Wang et al.     Schwann cells (SCs) can promote the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves while the clinical application is limited by donor site complications and the inability to generate …             Effects of RET, NRG1 and NRG3 Polymorphisms in a Chinese Population with Hirschsprung Disease ▶     Dehua Yang, Jun Yang, Shuai Li et al.     The RET proto-oncogene was identified as a major locus involved in Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) and whole exome sequencing identified NRG1 …             Targeted mutagenesis in the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza ▶     Bin Li, Guanghong Cui, Guoan Shen et al.     CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful genome editing tool that has been extensively used in model plants and crops, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, wheat, and soybean. Here, we report …             Genetic variation architecture of mitochondrial genome reveals the differentiation in Korean landrace and weedy rice ▶     Wei Tong, Qiang He, Yong-Jin Park     Mitochondrial genome variations have been detected despite the overall conservation of this gene content, which has been valuable for plant population genetics and evolutionary …             Selection, Characterization and Application of Artificial DNA Aptamer Containing Appended Bases with Sub-nanomolar Affinity for a Salivary Biomarker ▶     Hirotaka Minagawa, Kentaro Onodera, Hiroto Fujita et al.     We have attained a chemically modified DNA aptamer against salivary α-amylase (sAA), which attracts researchers’ attention as a useful biomarker for assessing human …             CD61 promotes the differentiation of canine ADMSCs into PGC-like cells through modulation of TGF-β signaling ▶     Jia Fang, Yudong Wei, Changrong Lv et al.     Previous studies have shown that CD61 (integrin-β3) promotes the differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) into germ-like cells. However, the …             Yield Optimisation of Hepatitis B Virus Core Particles in E. coli Expression System for Drug Delivery Applications ▶     Izzat Fahimuddin Bin Mohamed Suffian, Mitla Garcia-Maya, Paul Brown et al.     An E. coli expression system offers a mean for rapid, high yield and economical production of Hepatitis B Virus core (HBc) particles. However, high-level production of HBc …             High intensity aerobic exercise training improves chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced insulin resistance without basal autophagy modulation ▶     Marion Pauly, Allan Assense, Aurélie Rondon et al.     Chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (insulin resistance: IR). …             A high-efficiency CRISPR/Cas9 system for targeted mutagenesis in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ▶     Chao Li, Turgay Unver, Baohong Zhang     The complex allotetraploid genome is one of major challenges in cotton for repressing gene expression. Developing site-specific DNA mutation is the long-term dream for cotton …             Insula and somatosensory cortical myelination and iron markers underlie individual differences in empathy ▶     Micah Allen, Darya Frank, James C. Glen et al.     Empathy is a key component of our ability to engage and interact with others. In recent years, the neural mechanisms underlying affective and cognitive empathy have garnered …             SwissADME: a free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules ▶     Antoine Daina, Olivier Michielin, Vincent Zoete     To be effective as a drug, a potent molecule must reach its target in the body in sufficient concentration, and stay there in a bioactive form long enough for the expected …             Associations between Tumor Vascularity, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression and PET/MRI Radiomic Signatures in Primary Clear-Cell–Renal-Cell-Carcinoma: Proof-of-Concept Study ▶     Qingbo Yin, Sheng-Che Hung, Li Wang et al.     Studies have shown that tumor angiogenesis is an essential process for tumor growth, proliferation and metastasis. Also, tumor angiogenesis is an important prognostic factor of …             Spore surface proteins of Brevibacillus laterosporus are involved in insect pathogenesis ▶     Maria Giovanna Marche, Maria Elena Mura, Giovanni Falchi et al.     Outer spore envelope proteins of pathogenic bacteria often present specific virulence factors and tools to evade the defence system of their hosts. Brevibacillus laterosporus, a …             Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the ionizing radiation response by ATM and p53 ▶     Ishwarya Venkata Narayanan, Michelle T. Paulsen, Karan Bedi et al.     In response to ionizing radiation (IR), cells activate a DNA damage response (DDR) pathway to re-program gene expression. Previous studies using total cellular RNA analyses have …             Arsenite oxidation regulator AioR regulates bacterial chemotaxis towards arsenite in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4 ▶     Kaixiang Shi, Xia Fan, Zixu Qiao et al.     Some arsenite [As(III)]-oxidizing bacteria exhibit positive chemotaxis towards As(III), however, the related As(III) chemoreceptor and regulatory mechanism remain unknown. The …             Personalized chemotherapy selection for breast cancer using gene expression profiles ▶     Kaixian Yu, Qing-Xiang Amy Sang, Pei-Yau Lung et al.     Choosing the optimal chemotherapy regimen is still an unmet medical need for breast cancer patients. In this study, we reanalyzed data from seven independent data sets with …             The Beaver’s Phylogenetic Lineage Illuminated by Retroposon Reads ▶     Liliya Doronina, Andreas Matzke, Gennady Churakov et al.     Solving problematic phylogenetic relationships often requires high quality genome data. However, for many organisms such data are still not available. Among rodents, the …             Molecular basis for the role of oncogenic histone mutations in modulating H3K36 methylation ▶     Yinglu Zhang, Chun-Min Shan, Jiyong Wang et al.     Histone H3 lysine 36 methylation (H3K36me) is critical for epigenetic regulation and mutations at or near H3K36 are associated with distinct types of cancers. H3K36M dominantly …             Vascular Permeability Drives Susceptibility to Influenza Infection in a Murine Model of Sickle Cell Disease ▶     Erik A. Karlsson, Thomas H. Oguin, Victoria Meliopoulos et al.     Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major global health concern. Patients with SCD experience disproportionately greater morbidity and mortality in response to influenza infection …             Electrosensory capture during multisensory discrimination of nearby objects in the weakly electric fish Gnathonemus petersii ▶     Sarah Schumacher, Theresa Burt de Perera, Gerhard von der Emde     Animal multisensory systems are able to cope with discrepancies in information provided by individual senses by integrating information using a weighted average of the sensory …             Ebola virus infection kinetics in chimeric mice reveal a key role of T cells as barriers for virus dissemination ▶     Anja Lüdtke, Paula Ruibal, David M. Wozniak et al.     Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe systemic disease in humans and non-human primates characterized by high levels of viremia and virus titers in peripheral organs. The natural …             McMYB12 Transcription Factors Co-regulate Proanthocyanidin and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Malus Crabapple ▶     Ji Tian, Jie Zhang, Zhen-yun Han et al.     The flavonoid compounds, proanthocyanidins (PAs), protect plants from biotic stresses, contribute to the taste of many fruits, and are beneficial to human health in the form of …             Prognosis and Progression of ESCC Patients with Perineural Invasion ▶     Guanghui Xu, Fan Feng, Zhen Liu et al.     Perineural invasion (PNI) has been recognized as a poor prognostic factor in several malignancies, but the definition and pathogenesis of PNI in esophageal squamous cell …             MART-10 represses cholangiocarcinoma cell growth and high vitamin D receptor expression indicates better prognosis for cholangiocarcinoma ▶     Kun-Chun Chiang, Ta-Sen Yeh, Cheng-Cheng Huang et al.     Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease due to no effective treatments available. Since the non-mineral functions of vitamin D emerges, 1α,25(OH)2D3, the active form of …             The Expanding Family of Natural Anion Channelrhodopsins Reveals Large Variations in Kinetics, Conductance, and Spectral Sensitivity ▶     Elena G. Govorunova, Oleg A. Sineshchekov, Elsa M. Rodarte et al.     Natural anion channelrhodopsins (ACRs) discovered in the cryptophyte alga Guillardia theta generate large hyperpolarizing currents at membrane potentials above the Nernst …             Proline dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus does not discriminate between FAD and FMN as cofactor ▶     Mieke M. E. Huijbers, Marta Martínez-Júlvez, Adrie H. Westphal et al.     Flavoenzymes are versatile biocatalysts containing either FAD or FMN as cofactor. FAD often binds to a Rossmann fold, while FMN prefers a TIM-barrel or flavodoxin-like fold. …             Differences in electroencephalographic non-rapid-eye movement sleep slow-wave characteristics between young and old mice ▶     Maria Panagiotou, Vladyslav V. Vyazovskiy, Johanna H. Meijer et al.     Changes in sleep pattern are typical for the normal aging process. However, aged mice show an increase in the amount of sleep, whereas humans show a decrease when aging. Mice are …             The Rotavirus NSP4 Viroporin Domain is a Calcium-conducting Ion Channel ▶     Thieng Pham, Jacob L. Perry, Timothy L. Dosey et al.     Viroporins are small virus-encoded ion channel proteins. Most viroporins are monovalent selective cation channels, with few showing the ability to conduct divalent cations, like …             Multistability of the Brain Network for Self-other Processing ▶     Yi-An Chen, Tsung-Ren Huang     Early fMRI studies suggested that brain areas processing self-related and other-related information were highly overlapping. Hypothesising functional localisation of the cortex, …             Land-based salmon aquacultures change the quality and bacterial degradation of riverine dissolved organic matter ▶     Norbert Kamjunke, Jorge Nimptsch, Mourad Harir et al.     Aquacultures are of great economic importance worldwide but pollute pristine headwater streams, lakes, and estuaries. However, there are no in-depth studies of the consequences …             Nicotinic acid inhibits glioma invasion by facilitating Snail1 degradation ▶     Jiejing Li, Jiagui Qu, Yu Shi et al.     Malignant glioma is a formidable disease that commonly leads to death, mainly due to the invasion of tumor cells into neighboring tissues. Therefore, inhibition of tumor cell …             Gene networks activated by specific patterns of action potentials in dorsal root ganglia neurons ▶     Philip R. Lee, Jonathan E. Cohen, Dumitru A. Iacobas et al.     Gene regulatory networks underlie the long-term changes in cell specification, growth of synaptic connections, and adaptation that occur throughout neonatal and postnatal life. …             LRP1 influences trafficking of N-type calcium channels via interaction with the auxiliary α2δ-1 subunit ▶     Ivan Kadurin, Simon W. Rothwell, Beatrice Lana et al.     Voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels consist of a pore-forming α1 subunit, which determines the main functional and pharmacological attributes of the channel. The CaV1 and CaV2 …             The genome of Leishmania adleri from a mammalian host highlights chromosome fission in Sauroleishmania ▶     Simone Coughlan, Peter Mulhair, Mandy Sanders et al.     Control of pathogens arising from humans, livestock and wild animals can be enhanced by genome-based investigation. Phylogenetically classifying and optimal construction of these …             PAR1 activation induces rapid changes in glutamate uptake and astrocyte morphology ▶     Amanda M. Sweeney, Kelsey E. Fleming, John P. McCauley et al.     The G-protein coupled, protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is a membrane protein expressed in astrocytes. Fine astrocytic processes are in tight contact with neurons and blood …             Repression of Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 Long Terminal Repeat sense transcription by Sp1 recruitment to novel Sp1 binding sites ▶     Sylvain Fauquenoy, Gwenaëlle Robette, Anna Kula et al.     Human T-lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is characterized by viral latency in the majority of infected cells and by the absence of viremia. These features are thought …             Time-lapse imaging reveals highly dynamic structural maturation of postnatally born dentate granule cells in organotypic entorhino-hippocampal slice cultures ▶     Tijana Radic, Tassilo Jungenitz, Mathias Singer et al.     Neurogenesis of hippocampal granule cells (GCs) persists throughout mammalian life and is important for learning and memory. How newborn GCs differentiate and mature into an …             Elevated Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in obese, insulin resistant states is normalised by the synthetic retinoid Fenretinide in mice ▶     Nicola Morrice, George D. Mcilroy, Seshu R. Tammireddy et al.     Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has emerged as an important beneficial regulator of glucose and lipid homeostasis but its levels are also abnormally increased in …             A Core Regulatory Circuit in Glioblastoma Stem Cells Links MAPK Activation to a Transcriptional Program of Neural Stem Cell Identity ▶     Gregory Riddick, Svetlana Kotliarova, Virginia Rodriguez et al.     Glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, harbors a small population of tumor initiating cells (glioblastoma stem cells) that have many properties similar to …             The influence of haemoglobin and iron on in vitro mycobacterial growth inhibition assays ▶     Rachel Tanner, Matthew K. O’Shea, Andrew D. White et al.     The current vaccine against tuberculosis, live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG, has variable efficacy, but development of an effective alternative is severely hampered by the …             Transcript profiling of two potato cultivars during glycoalkaloid-inducing treatments shows differential expression of genes in sterol and glycoalkaloid metabolism ▶     Nurun Nahar, Erik Westerberg, Usman Arif et al.     Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGA) are sterol-derived neurotoxic defence substances present in several members of the Solanaceae. In the potato (Solanum tuberosum), high SGA levels …             REST is a crucial regulator for acquiring EMT-like and stemness phenotypes in hormone-refractory prostate cancer ▶     Yi-Ting Chang, Tzu-Ping Lin, Mel Campbell et al.     Castration-resistance prostate cancer (CRPC), also known as hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), requires immediate attention since it is not only resistant to androgen …             A Predictive Structural Model of the Primate Connectome ▶     Sarah F. Beul, Helen Barbas, Claus C. Hilgetag     Anatomical connectivity imposes strong constraints on brain function, but there is no general agreement about principles that govern its organization. Based on extensive …             Exome Sequencing Identifies Potentially Druggable Mutations in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ▶     Yock Ping Chow, Lu Ping Tan, San Jiun Chai et al.     In this study, we first performed whole exome sequencing of DNA from 10 untreated and clinically annotated fresh frozen nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies and matched bloods …             Mapping sites of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D that permit insertions and impact gD and gB receptors usage ▶     Qing Fan, Sarah Kopp, Sarah A. Connolly et al.     Glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is one of four glycoproteins essential for HSV entry and cell fusion. The purpose of this study was to determine the …             Local entrainment of oscillatory activity induced by direct brain stimulation in humans ▶     Julià L. Amengual, Marine Vernet, Claude Adam et al.     In a quest for direct evidence of oscillation entrainment, we analyzed intracerebral electroencephalographic recordings obtained during intracranial electrical stimulation in a …             The alr-groEL1 operon in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: an interplay of multiple regulatory elements ▶     Aadil H. Bhat, Deepika Pathak, Alka Rao     Threonylcarbamoyladenosine is a universally conserved essential modification of tRNA that ensures translational fidelity in cellular milieu. TsaD, TsaB and TsaE are identified as …             Limitations and challenges of genetic barcode quantification ▶     Lars Thielecke, Tim Aranyossy, Andreas Dahl et al.     Genetic barcodes are increasingly used to track individual cells and to quantitatively assess their clonal contributions over time. Although barcode quantification relies …             Protein-ligand binding affinity determination by the waterLOGSY method: An optimised approach considering ligand rebinding ▶     Renjie Huang, Arnaud Bonnichon, Timothy D. W. Claridge et al.     WaterLOGSY is a popular ligand-observed NMR technique to screen for protein-ligand interactions, yet when applied to measure dissociation constants (KD) through ligand titration, …             Transcriptome-based repurposing of apigenin as a potential anti-fibrotic agent targeting hepatic stellate cells ▶     Daniel F. Hicks, Nicolas Goossens, Ana Blas-García et al.     We have used a computational approach to identify anti-fibrotic therapies by querying a transcriptome. A transcriptome signature of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the …             Multiscale image analysis reveals structural heterogeneity of the cell microenvironment in homotypic spheroids ▶     Alexander Schmitz, Sabine C. Fischer, Christian Mattheyer et al.     Three-dimensional multicellular aggregates such as spheroids provide reliable in vitro substitutes for tissues. Quantitative characterization of spheroids at the cellular level …             Prolonged high-fat diet induces gradual and fat depot-specific DNA methylation changes in adult mice ▶     Ramona A. J. Zwamborn, Roderick C. Slieker, Petra C. A. Mulder et al.     High-fat diets (HFD) are thought to contribute to the development of metabolism-related diseases. The long-term impact of HFD may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, and …             Optical and electrical characterizations of multifunctional silver phosphate glass and polymer-based optical fibers ▶     Maxime Rioux, Yannick Ledemi, Steeve Morency et al.     In recent years, the fabrication of multifunctional fibers has expanded for multiple applications that require the transmission of both light and electricity. Fibers featuring …             A wogonin-rich-fraction of Scutellaria baicalensis root extract exerts chondroprotective effects by suppressing IL-1β-induced activation of AP-1 in human OA chondrocytes ▶     Nazir M. Khan, Abdul Haseeb, Mohammad Y. Ansari et al.     Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder with varying degrees of inflammation and sustained oxidative stress. The root extract of Scutellaria baicalensis (SBE) has been …             Autophagy down regulates pro-inflammatory mediators in BV2 microglial cells and rescues both LPS and alpha-synuclein induced neuronal cell death ▶     Claudio Bussi, Javier Maria Peralta Ramos, Daniela S. Arroyo et al.     Autophagy is a fundamental cellular homeostatic mechanism, whereby cells autodigest parts of their cytoplasm for removal or turnover. Neurodegenerative disorders are associated …             Altered intestinal microbiota in patients with chronic pancreatitis: implications in diabetes and metabolic abnormalities ▶     Sai Manasa Jandhyala, A. Madhulika, G. Deepika et al.     Intestinal dysbiosis and its functional implications in chronic pancreatitis (CP) have not been elaborately studied. We evaluated the taxonomic and functional alterations in …             Cholesterol impairment contributes to neuroserpin aggregation ▶     Costanza Giampietro, Maria Chiara Lionetti, Giulio Costantini et al.     Intraneural accumulation of misfolded proteins is a common feature of several neurodegenerative pathologies including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, and Familial …             Multimodal discrimination of immune cells using a combination of Raman spectroscopy and digital holographic microscopy ▶     Naomi McReynolds, Fiona G. M. Cooke, Mingzhou Chen et al.     The ability to identify and characterise individual cells of the immune system under label-free conditions would be a significant advantage in biomedical and clinical studies …             Myofibroblast differentiation and its functional properties are inhibited by nicotine and e-cigarette via mitochondrial OXPHOS complex III ▶     Wei Lei, Chad Lerner, Isaac K. Sundar et al.     Nicotine is the major stimulant in tobacco products including e-cigarettes. Fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation is a key process during wound healing and is dysregulated …             miR-125b-5p enhances chemotherapy sensitivity to cisplatin by down-regulating Bcl2 in gallbladder cancer ▶     Dong Yang, Ming Zhan, Tao Chen et al.     Gallbladder cancer represents the most common malignancy of the biliary tract and is highly lethal with less than 5% overall 5-year survival rate. Chemotherapy remains the major …             Family-based case-control study of homotopic connectivity in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenia at rest ▶     Wenbin Guo, Feng Liu, Jindong Chen et al.     Family-based case-control design is rarely used but powerful to reduce the confounding effects of environmental factors on schizophrenia. Twenty-eight first-episode, drug-naive …             Biophysical studies suggest a new structural arrangement of crotoxin and provide insights into its toxic mechanism ▶     Carlos A. H. Fernandes, Wallance M. Pazin, Thiago R. Dreyer et al.     Crotoxin (CTX) is the main neurotoxin found in Crotalus durissus rattlesnake venoms being composed by a nontoxic and non-enzymatic component (CA) and a toxic phospholipase A2 …             TRIP13-deficient tubular epithelial cells are susceptible to apoptosis following acute kidney injury ▶     Jeffrey D. Pressly, Taketsugu Hama, Shannon O’ Brien et al.     Damage to renal tubular epithelial cells by genetic, environmental, or biological insults can initiate complex signaling mechanisms that promote kidney repair and functional …             Promoting in vivo remyelination with small molecules: a neuroreparative pharmacological treatment for Multiple Sclerosis ▶     Eva María Medina-Rodríguez, Ana Bribián, Amanda Boyd et al.     Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease where immune-driven demyelination occurs with inefficient remyelination, but therapies are limited, especially those to …             Adiponectin deficiency contributes to the development and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia in obesity ▶     Shi Fu, Huan Xu, Meng Gu et al.     The incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is increasing among obese individuals, but few studies have fully explained the underlying mechanisms. We aimed to elucidate …             Magnetic nanoparticles: a strategy to target the choroidal layer in the posterior segment of the eye ▶     Martina Giannaccini, Lucia Pedicini, Guglielma De Matienzo et al.     Despite the higher rate of blindness due to population aging, minimally invasive and selective drug delivery to the eye still remains an open challenge, especially in the …             Chromatin states shape insertion profiles of the piggyBac, Tol2 and Sleeping Beauty transposons and murine leukemia virus ▶     Junko Yoshida, Keiko Akagi, Ryo Misawa et al.     DNA transposons and retroviruses are versatile tools in functional genomics and gene therapy. To facilitate their application, we conducted a genome-wide insertion site profiling …             Gamma-Band Activities in Mouse Frontal and Visual Cortex Induced by Coherent Dot Motion ▶     Hio-Been Han, Eunjin Hwang, Soohyun Lee et al.     A key question within systems neuroscience is to understand how the brain encodes spatially and temporally distributed local features and binds these together into one perceptual …             Determination of the pKa of the N-terminal amino group of ubiquitin by NMR ▶     Alain Oregioni, Benjamin Stieglitz, Geoffrey Kelly et al.     Ubiquitination regulates nearly every aspect of cellular life. It is catalysed by a cascade of three enzymes and results in the attachment of the C-terminal carboxylate of …             Enhancement of porcine intramuscular fat content by overexpression of the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in skeletal muscle ▶     Zijian Ren, Ying Wang, Yuanyuan Ren et al.     Intramuscular fat (IMF) content has been generally recognized as a desirable trait in pork meat because of its positive effect on eating quality. An effective approach to enhance …             Sclereids are strong enough to support the delicate corollas: experimental and computational data evidence from Camellia sinensis (L.) ▶     Wei Zhang, Yuanyuan Xue, Shuo Yang et al.     Sclereids are a fundamental cell type that widely exist in higher plants and are generally thought to have a mechanical function. However, the occurrence of sclereids in the …             Gene Deletion in Barley Mediated by LTR-retrotransposon BARE ▶     Yi Shang, Fei Yang, Alan H. Schulman et al.     A poly-row branched spike (prbs) barley mutant was obtained from soaking a two-rowed barley inflorescence in a solution of maize genomic DNA. Positional cloning and sequencing …             The human two-pore channel 1 is modulated by cytosolic and luminal calcium ▶     Laura Lagostena, Margherita Festa, Michael Pusch et al.     Two-pore channels (TPC) are intracellular endo-lysosomal proteins with only recently emerging roles in organellar signalling and involvement in severe human diseases. Here, we …             NEDDylation of PB2 Reduces Its Stability and Blocks the Replication of Influenza A Virus ▶     Tinghong Zhang, Zhen Ye, Xiaohai Yang et al.     Post-translational modifications of viral proteins play important roles in regulating viral replication. Here we demonstrated that the PB2 of influenza A virus (IAV) can be …             Parallel changes in serum proteins and diffusion tensor imaging in methamphetamine-associated psychosis ▶     Michael S. Breen, Anne Uhlmann, Sureyya Ozcan et al.     Methamphetamine-associated psychosis (MAP) involves widespread neurocognitive and molecular deficits, however accurate diagnosis remains challenging. Integrating relationships …             Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation by antibiotics in 96-Microtiter Well Plates and Drip Flow Reactors: critical factors influencing outcomes ▶     Suvi Manner, Darla M. Goeres, Malena Skogman et al.     Biofilm formation leads to the failure of antimicrobial therapy. Thus, biofilm prevention is a desirable goal of antimicrobial research. In this study, the efficacy of …             Aggretin Venom Polypeptide as a Novel Anti-angiogenesis Agent by Targeting Integrin alpha2beta1 ▶     Ching Hu Chung, Chien Hsin Chang, Chun Chieh Hsu et al.     VEGF and VEGFR antibodies have been used as a therapeutic strategy to inhibit angiogenesis in many diseases; however, frequent and repeated administration of these antibodies to …             GenePANDA—a novel network-based gene prioritizing tool for complex diseases ▶     Tianshu Yin, Shu Chen, Xiaohui Wu et al.     Here we describe GenePANDA, a novel network-based tool for prioritizing candidate disease genes. GenePANDA assesses whether a gene is likely a candidate disease gene based on its …             Crystal structure of the BoNT/A2 receptor-binding domain in complex with the luminal domain of its neuronal receptor SV2C ▶     Roger M. Benoit, Martin A. Schärer, Mara M. Wieser et al.     A detailed molecular understanding of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT)/host-cell-receptor interactions is fundamental both for developing strategies against botulism and for …             A Novel Impedimetric Microfluidic Analysis System for Transgenic Protein Cry1Ab Detection ▶     Shunru Jin, Zunzhong Ye, Yixian Wang et al.     Impedimetric analysis method is an important tool for food safety detection. In this work, a novel impedimetric microfluidic analysis system consisted of a printed gold electrode …             Site-specific ADP-ribosylation of histone H2B in response to DNA double strand breaks ▶     Alina Rakhimova, Seiji Ura, Duen-Wei Hsu et al.     ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) modify proteins with single units or polymers of ADP-ribose to regulate DNA repair. However, the substrates for these enzymes are ill-defined. For …             Susceptibility profiles of Nocardia spp. to antimicrobial and antituberculotic agents detected by a microplate Alamar Blue assay ▶     Pan Zhao, Xiujuan Zhang, Pengcheng Du et al.     Nocardia species are ubiquitous in natural environments and can cause nocardiosis. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has long been the monotherapy treatment of choice, but resistance …             A genetically encoded toolkit for tracking live-cell histidine dynamics in space and time ▶     Hanyang Hu, Yanfang Gu, Lei Xu et al.     High-resolution spatiotemporal imaging of histidine in single living mammalian cells faces technical challenges. Here, we developed a series of ratiometric, highly responsive, …             Evidence for history-dependence of influenza pandemic emergence ▶     Edward M. Hill, Michael J. Tildesley, Thomas House     Influenza A viruses have caused a number of global pandemics, with considerable mortality in humans. Here, we analyse the time periods between influenza pandemics since 1700 …             A proliferative probiotic Bifidobacterium strain in the gut ameliorates progression of metabolic disorders via microbiota modulation and acetate elevation ▶     Ryo Aoki, Kohei Kamikado, Wataru Suda et al.     The gut microbiota is an important contributor to the worldwide prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), which includes obesity and diabetes. The anti-MS effects exerted by …             The role of connectedness in haptic object perception ▶     Myrthe A. Plaisier, Vonne van Polanen, Astrid M. L. Kappers     We can efficiently detect whether there is a rough object among a set of smooth objects using our sense of touch. We can also quickly determine the number of rough objects in our …             Silver nanoparticles reduce brain inflammation and related neurotoxicity through induction of H2S-synthesizing enzymes ▶     Daniel A. Gonzalez-Carter, Bey Fen Leo, Pakatip Ruenraroengsak et al.     Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are known to penetrate into the brain and cause neuronal death. However, there is a paucity in studies examining the effect of AgNP on the resident …             A Systematic Approach to Time-series Metabolite Profiling and RNA-seq Analysis of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Culture ▶     Han-Hsiu Hsu, Michihiro Araki, Masao Mochizuki et al.     Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the primary host used for biopharmaceutical protein production. The engineering of CHO cells to produce higher amounts of biopharmaceuticals …             An antimicrobial peptide-resistant minor subpopulation of Photorhabdus luminescens is responsible for virulence ▶     Annabelle Mouammine, Sylvie Pages, Anne Lanois et al.     Some of the bacterial cells in isogenic populations behave differently from others. We describe here how a new type of phenotypic heterogeneity relating to resistance to cationic …             Multifunctional biocompatible chitosan-polypyrrole nanocomposites as novel agents for photoacoustic imaging-guided photothermal ablation of cancer ▶     Panchanathan Manivasagan, Nhat Quang Bui, Subramaniyan Bharathiraja et al.     Cancer nanotechnology is emerging as one of the promising strategies combining photothermal therapy (PTT) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) for the treatment of breast cancer and …             Latent TGF-β binding protein 2 and 4 have essential overlapping functions in microfibril development ▶     Yusuke Fujikawa, Hideyuki Yoshida, Tadashi Inoue et al.     Microfibrils are exracellular matrix components necessary for elastic fiber assembly and for suspending lenses. We previously reported that latent TGF-β binding protein 2 …             Interaction and oxidative damage of DVDMS to BSA: a study on the mechanism of photodynamic therapy-induced cell death ▶     Li Li, Huiyu Wang, Haiping Wang et al.     Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method for neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases. In this study, we utilized sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) as a sensitizer combined with …             Abiotic and biotic factors responsible for antimonite oxidation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens GW4 ▶     Jingxin Li, Birong Yang, Manman Shi et al.     Antimonite [Sb(III)]-oxidizing bacteria can transform the toxic Sb(III) into the less toxic antimonate [Sb(V)]. Recently, the cytoplasmic Sb(III)-oxidase AnoA and the periplasmic …             Identification of serum protein biomarkers for utrophin based DMD therapy ▶     Simon Guiraud, Benjamin Edwards, Sarah E. Squire et al.     Despite promising therapeutic avenues, there is currently no effective treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lethal monogenic disorder caused by the loss of the …             Autocatalytic association of proteins by covalent bond formation: a Bio Molecular Welding toolbox derived from a bacterial adhesin ▶     J. Bonnet, J. Cartannaz, G. Tourcier et al.     Unusual intramolecular cross-links present in adhesins from Gram-positive bacteria have been used to develop a generic process amenable to biotechnology applications. Based on …             Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a in the amygdala is involved in pain and anxiety-related behaviours associated with arthritis ▶     Youssef Aissouni, Abderrahim El Guerrab, Al Mahdy Hamieh et al.     Chronic pain is associated with anxiety and depression episodes. The amygdala plays a key role in the relationship between emotional responses and chronic pain. Here, we …             Serum snoRNAs as biomarkers for joint ageing and post traumatic osteoarthritis ▶     Mandy M. F. Steinbusch, Yongxiang Fang, Peter I. Milner et al.     The development of effective treatments for the age-related disease osteoarthritis and the ability to predict disease progression has been hampered by the lack of biomarkers able …             Rising nutrient-pulse frequency and high UVR strengthen microbial interactions ▶     Marco J. Cabrerizo, Juan Manuel Medina-Sánchez, Irene Dorado-García et al.     Solar radiation and nutrient pulses regulate the ecosystem’s functioning. However, little is known about how a greater frequency of pulsed nutrients under high ultraviolet …             Alkylresorcinols activate SIRT1 and delay ageing in Drosophila melanogaster ▶     Yasunari Kayashima, Yuki Katayanagi, Keiko Tanaka et al.     Sirtuins are enzymes that catalyze NAD+ dependent protein deacetylation. The natural polyphenolic compound resveratrol received renewed interest when recent findings implicated …             Depletion of Gangliosides Enhances Articular Cartilage Repair in Mice ▶     Masatake Matsuoka, Tomohiro Onodera, Kentaro Homan et al.     Elucidation of the healing mechanisms in damaged tissues is a critical step for establishing breakthroughs in tissue engineering. Articular cartilage is clinically one of the …             Effects of multiple genetic loci on the pathogenesis from serum urate to gout ▶     Zheng Dong, Jingru Zhou, Shuai Jiang et al.     Gout is a common arthritis resulting from increased serum urate, and many loci have been identified that are associated with serum urate and gout. However, their influence on the …             The Serum Pepsinogen Test as a Predictor of Kazakh Gastric Cancer ▶     Wei Juan Cai, Liang Yin, Qiang Kang et al.     Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and the Kazakh population in Xinjiang has been reported to be one of the highest incidence of GC in the world. …             Insights into the activity of maturation inhibitor PF-46396 on HIV-1 clade C ▶     Dibya Ghimire, Uddhav Timilsina, Tryambak Pratap Srivastava et al.     HIV maturation inhibitors are an emerging class of anti-retroviral compounds that inhibit the viral protease-mediated cleavage of the Gag, CA-SP1 (capsid-spacer peptide 1) …             Revealing the sequence of interactions of PuroA peptide with Candida albicans cells by live-cell imaging ▶     Nadin Shagaghi, Mrinal Bhave, Enzo A. Palombo et al.     To determine the mechanism(s) of action of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) it is desirable to provide details of their interaction kinetics with cellular, sub-cellular and …             Simultaneous removal of atrazine and copper using polyacrylic acid-functionalized magnetic ordered mesoporous carbon from water: adsorption mechanism ▶     Yaoyu Zhou, Fengfeng Zhang, Lin Tang et al.     Highly efficient simultaneous removal of atrazine and Cu(II) was accomplished using synthesized polyacrylic acid-functionalized magnetic ordered mesoporous carbon (P-MMC) as …             Combining metformin and nelfinavir exhibits synergistic effects against the growth of human cervical cancer cells and xenograft in nude mice ▶     Chenglai Xia, Ruihong Chen, Jinman Chen et al.     Human cervical cancer is the fourth most common carcinoma in women worldwide. However, the emergence of drug resistance calls for continuously developing new anticancer drugs and …             Radiotherapy for cancer using X-ray fluorescence emitted from iodine ▶     Masato Tamura, Hiromu Ito, Hirofumi Matsui     Radiation treatment is popular and the apparatus is already available in many hospitals. Conventional radiation treatment by itself is not sufficient to achieve complete cure. …             RNF7 knockdown inhibits prostate cancer tumorigenesis by inactivation of ERK1/2 pathway ▶     Yangjiong Xiao, Yan Jiang, Hongmei Song et al.     Development of castration resistance is a key contributor to mortality in patients with prostate cancer. High expression of RING finger protein 7 (RNF7) in cancer cells is known …             Salvianolic acid B inhibits mitochondrial dysfunction by up-regulating mortalin ▶     Yunxia Liu, Yingying Hu, Qiukai E et al.     Salvianolic acid B is an antioxidative ingredient derived from Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae that has been widely used to treat liver diseases. However, the therapeutic mechanism …             Traditional Chinese medicine xin-mai-jia recouples endothelial nitric oxide synthase to prevent atherosclerosis in vivo ▶     Ya-Ling Yin, Mo-Li Zhu, Jia Wan et al.     Endothelial dysfunction, which is caused by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, is an initial step in atherosclerosis. This study was designed to explore whether …             Acute podocyte injury is not a stimulus for podocytes to migrate along the glomerular basement membrane in zebrafish larvae ▶     Florian Siegerist, Antje Blumenthal, Weibin Zhou et al.     Podocytes have a unique 3D structure of major and interdigitating foot processes which is the prerequisite for renal blood filtration. Loss of podocytes leads to chronic kidney …             Associations of obesity with newly diagnosed and previously known atopic diseases in Chinese adults: a case-control study ▶     Biao Xie, Zhiqiang Wang, Yupeng Wang et al.     To assess the associations of obesity with newly diagnosed and previously known atopic disorders in Chinese adults. 4,629 adults aged 18 years or older were recruited in Harbin, …             Automated sub-5 nm image registration in integrated correlative fluorescence and electron microscopy using cathodoluminescence pointers ▶     Martijn T. Haring, Nalan Liv, A. Christiaan Zonnevylle et al.     In the biological sciences, data from fluorescence and electron microscopy is correlated to allow fluorescence biomolecule identification within the cellular ultrastructure …             Extra-metabolic energy use and the rise in human hyper-density ▶     Joseph R. Burger, Vanessa P. Weinberger, Pablo A. Marquet     Humans, like all organisms, are subject to fundamental biophysical laws. Van Valen predicted that, because of zero-sum dynamics, all populations of all species in a given …             Rhein Inhibits Autophagy in Rat Renal Tubular Cells by Regulation of AMPK/mTOR Signaling ▶     Yue Tu, Liubao Gu, Diping Chen et al.     Rhubarb and its bioactive component rhein are frequently used for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in eastern Asia countries. However, the potential therapeutic …             Meta-analysis of the changes of peripheral blood regulatory T cell to CD4+ T cell ratio in patients with systemic sclerosis ▶     Chuiwen Deng, Wenli Li, Si Chen et al.     Current reports on the changes in peripheral blood regulatory T cell (Tregs) to CD4+ T cell ratio in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients are varied in their conclusions. We …             Nicotine facilitates VSMC dysfunction through a miR-200b/RhoGDIA/cytoskeleton module ▶     Dongli Liang, Zhaoxia Wang, Zhiqiang Yan et al.     Nicotine can induce the abnormal migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We have previously shown that cytoskeletal proteins and RhoGDIA, a negative …             Understanding the emergence of modern humans and the disappearance of Neanderthals: Insights from Kaldar Cave (Khorramabad Valley, Western Iran) ▶     Behrouz Bazgir, Andreu Ollé, Laxmi Tumung et al.     Kaldar Cave is a key archaeological site that provides evidence of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Iran. Excavations at the site in 2014–2015 led to the discovery …             Inhibition of Proliferation and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Heavy Chain-Hyaluronan/Pentraxin 3 ▶     Hua He, Ajay E. Kuriyan, Chen-Wei Su et al.     Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is mediated by proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Because heavy chain-hyaluronic …             Regulation of atypical MAP kinases ERK3 and ERK4 by the phosphatase DUSP2 ▶     Maria Perander, Rania Al-Mahdi, Thomas C. Jensen et al.     The atypical MAP kinases ERK3 and ERK4 are activated by phosphorylation of a serine residue lying within the activation loop signature sequence S-E-G. However, the regulation of …             A pharmacological approach in newly established retinal vein occlusion model ▶     Shinichiro Fuma, Anri Nishinaka, Yuki Inoue et al.     The mechanism underlying the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) treatment is poorly understood, partly due to the …                       An online-only, open access journal publishing high-quality research on ways to help the human body repair, replace and regenerate damaged tissues and organs. 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