Nature Medicine Contents: March 2017 Volume 23 Number 3 pp 265-395

If you are unable to see the message below, click here to view.

Advertisement The Vilcek Foundation congratulates the recipients of the 2017 Vilcek Prizes in Biomedical Science. Lily & Yuh-Nung Jan (University of California, San Francisco) receive $100,000 Vilcek Prize. Michaela Gack (University of Chicago), Michael Halassa (NYU School of Medicine), and Ahmet Yildiz (University of California, Berkeley) each win $50,000 Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise in Biomedical Science.  Click here for more information TABLE OF CONTENTS March 2017 Volume 23, Issue 3 Editorial News Correction News and Views Review Brief Communication Articles Letters Technical Report Resource Advertisement   Nature Milestones: Antibodies Nature Milestones: Antibodies chronicles the history of antibodies from their earliest description in antisera, their structure, generation and function, right through to their recent application in cancer immunotherapy. It also includes a timeline and a collection of seminal papers reproduced from Springer Nature.  Access the Milestone free online Produced with support from: BioLegend UCB  Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement nature.com webcasts Circulating Tumour Cells: Liquid biopsy by high-throughput, high-resolution imaging flow cytometry Date: Tuesday, March 28, 2017 Time: 8AM PDT | 11AM EDT | 4PM BST | 5PM CEST Register for FREE Sponsored by: Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. he life science business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany operates as MilliporeSigma in the U.S. and Canada  www.emdmillipore.com/amniswww   Advertisement Focus on Psychiatric Disorders Compared to other areas, psychiatric research faces unique biological, technological, clinical, regulatory and ethical challenges. In this focus Nature Neuroscience and Nature Medicine present a collection of Commentaries, Perspectives, and Reviews that address these challenges. Access the Focus online Produced with support of a grant from:  Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Inc.     Advertisement nature.com webcasts Custom webcast on: Analyzing Ebola virus glycoprotein and its interactions with therapeutic antibodies using CG-MALS Date: Wednesday, March 15, 2017 Time: 8am PDT | 11am EDT | 3pm GMT | 4pm CET   Register for Free Sponsor: Wyatt Technology Corporation     Editorial Top Take science off the stand   p265 doi:10.1038/nm.4303 The scientific process relies on people's willingness to publish data-driven findings. Turning to the legal system to adjudicate the merit of evidence-based assertions in the scientific literature leads us down a dangerous path. News Top A protein puzzle   pp266 - 269 Shraddha Chakradhar doi:10.1038/nm0317-266 Untangling the mysterious condition of amyloidosis Womb zoom: What advances in fetal and newborn imaging have revealed   pp270 - 271 Wudan Yan doi:10.1038/nm0317-270 Correction Top Correction   p269 doi:10.1038/nm0317-269 News and Views Top Opioids: keeping the good, eliminating the bad   pp272 - 273 Stephanie Puig and Howard B Gutstein doi:10.1038/nm.4277 Two new studies show that mechanisms mediating the opioid side effects of tolerance, hyperalgesia and physical dependence are mediated spinally and can be dissociated from analgesia. These side effects can be selectively targeted by clinically available drugs without affecting their pain-relieving effects. See also: Letter by Burma et al. The shape of the microbiome in early life   pp274 - 275 Erika von Mutius doi:10.1038/nm.4299 A recent study shows that microbial-community structure and function substantially expand and diversify in all body sites from birth to age 4-6 weeks. It then resembles microbiota from its corresponding maternal body site, independently of the infant's mode of delivery or other prenatal factors. See also: Article by Chu et al. Taking inventory of metastasis effectors   pp275 - 276 Laura Pisarsky, Jinxiang Dai and Cyrus M Ghajar doi:10.1038/nm.4301 In a recent study in mice, researchers combined tumor barcoding with unbiased genomic analysis and identified Cd109 as a hub gene involved in metastatic progression. They show that pharmacological inhibition of its downstream effectors JAK1 and STAT3 curtails metastatic growth. See also: Article by Chuang et al. α5 nicotinic receptors link smoking to schizophrenia   pp277 - 278 Xin-an Liu and Paul J Kenny doi:10.1038/nm.4300 A new study shows that nicotinic receptors activate a particular type of interneuron in the prefrontal cortex. Deficits in this relationship give rise to behavioral abnormalities similar to those associated with schizophrenia, which can be ameliorated by nicotine. See also: Letter by Koukouli et al. Review Top An emerging role for neutrophil extracellular traps in noninfectious disease   pp279 - 287 Selina K Jorch and Paul Kubes doi:10.1038/nm.4294 Kubes and Fassl discuss the role of NETosis in sterile inflammation and disease, and propose windows of opportunity for therapeutic targeting of NETs. Brief Communication Top α-Lipoic acid treatment prevents cystine urolithiasis in a mouse model of cystinuria   pp288 - 290 Tiffany Zee, Neelanjan Bose, Jarcy Zee, Jennifer N Beck, See Yang et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4280 Excess urinary cystine can lead to painful stone formation. There is no current effective treatment, but here Pankaj Kapahi, Marshall Stoller and colleagues have found that α-lipoic acid can prevent or even reverse formation of these stones in a mouse model. Advertisement Animation: Alzheimer's disease  Nature Neuroscience presents this animation, which introduces the molecular, cellular and physiological mechanisms associated with Alzheimer's disease and highlights some of the most recent advances in our understanding of the onset and progression of this devastating neurological condition. Watch the Animation free online >>   Articles Top Molecular definition of a metastatic lung cancer state reveals a targetable CD109-Janus kinase-Stat axis   pp291 - 300 Chen-Hua Chuang, Peyton G Greenside, Zoe N Rogers, Jennifer J Brady, Dian Yang et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4285 In vivo screening of pro-metastatic factors in a genetically engineered mouse model of lung cancer uncovered the CD109-JAK-STAT3 axis as a key contributor of metastatic dissemination of lung cancer cells. Activation of this pathway predicts poor outcome in patients with cancer, and its pharmacological inhibition dramatically reduces the metastatic ability of tumor cells, suggesting that it might be an effective intervention in patients. See also: News and Views by Pisarsky et al. The creatine kinase pathway is a metabolic vulnerability in EVI1-positive acute myeloid leukemia   pp301 - 313 Nina Fenouille, Christopher F Bassil, Issam Ben-Sahra, Lina Benajiba, Gabriela Alexe et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4283 Transcriptomic and metabolic profiling reveals that the creatine kinase pathway is essential for growth of acute myeloid leukemias expressing the transcription factor EVI1. Maturation of the infant microbiome community structure and function across multiple body sites and in relation to mode of delivery   pp314 - 326 Derrick M Chu, Jun Ma, Amanda L Prince, Kathleen M Antony, Maxim D Seferovic et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4272 Whole-genome shotgun sequencing and sequencing of the gene encoding the 16S rRNA in samples from a variety of body sites in a large cohort of mothers and their infants reveals that, during the 6 weeks after birth, changes in the composition and function of the microbiome are driven by body site but not by the mode of delivery. See also: News and Views by von Mutius Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction can restore antiviral activity of exhausted HBV-specific CD8 T cells in chronic hepatitis B   pp327 - 336 Paola Fisicaro, Valeria Barili, Barbara Montanini, Greta Acerbi, Manuela Ferracin et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4275 Carlo Ferrari and colleagues reveal that hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific CD8 T cells from individuals with chronic HBV infections have extensive mitochondrial dysfunction that contributes to impaired antiviral activity but can be targeted with antioxidants. JNK1 negatively controls antifungal innate immunity by suppressing CD23 expression   pp337 - 346 Xueqiang Zhao, Yahui Guo, Changying Jiang, Qing Chang, Shilei Zhang et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4260 Xin Lin and colleagues report that JNK1 negatively regulates immune responses against Candida albicans infection by inhibiting CD23 expression and subsequent nitric oxide production, which mediate antifungal resistance in JNK1-deficient mice. Letters Top Nicotine reverses hypofrontality in animal models of addiction and schizophrenia   pp347 - 354 Fani Koukouli, Marie Rooy, Dimitrios Tziotis, Kurt A Sailor, Heidi C O'Neill et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4274 In transgenic mouse models of neuropsychiatric disease, loss of nicotinic cholinergic signaling in cortical inhibitory interneurons causes neurocognitive behavioral deficits and reduced neuronal activity in prefrontal circuits. Chronic administration of nicotine can restore this cortical hypofrontality phenotype. See also: News and Views by Liu & Kenny Blocking microglial pannexin-1 channels alleviates morphine withdrawal in rodents   pp355 - 360 Nicole E Burma, Robert P Bonin, Heather Leduc-Pessah, Corey Baimel, Zoe F Cairncross et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4281 The release of ATP from spinal microglia via pannexin-1 channels is required for withdrawal symptoms after termination of chronic opioid treatment in rodents, and pharmacological blockade of pannexin-1 channels reduces the severity of withdrawal without affecting opiate analgesia. See also: News and Views by Puig & Gutstein Sirtuin 1 regulates cardiac electrical activity by deacetylating the cardiac sodium channel   pp361 - 367 Ajit Vikram, Christopher M Lewarchik, Jin-Young Yoon, Asma Naqvi, Santosh Kumar et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4284 Intracellular trafficking of the voltage-gated cardiac Na+ channel Nav1.5 is regulated by lysine deacetylation mediated by Sirt1, thereby affecting sodium current and cardiac electrical activity. A distinct innate lymphoid cell population regulates tumor-associated T cells   pp368 - 375 Sarah Q Crome, Linh T Nguyen, Sandra Lopez-Verges, S Y Cindy Yang, Bernard Martin et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4278 A previously uncharacterized population of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the tumor microenvironment limits T cell expansion and cytokine production, and associates with early recurrence in patients with cancer. Depletion of this regulatory immunosuppressive cell population overcomes this effect, suggesting important implications for cancer immunotherapy. Technical Report Top Whole-genome single-cell copy number profiling from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples   pp376 - 385 Luciano G Martelotto, Timour Baslan, Jude Kendall, Felipe C Geyer, Kathleen A Burke et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4279 A method enabling copy-number analysis of single cells from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples is described, validated and applied to analyze samples of synchronous ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast carcinoma. Resource Top DNA methylation heterogeneity defines a disease spectrum in Ewing sarcoma   pp386 - 395 Nathan C Sheffield, Gaelle Pierron, Johanna Klughammer, Paul Datlinger, Andreas Schonegger et al. doi:10.1038/nm.4273 DNA methylation sequencing and bioinformatic analyses uncover an epigenetic disease spectrum in Ewing sarcoma. These characteristic epigenome patterns correlate with state of differentiation and disease aggressiveness, and pave the way for the development of biomarkers. Top Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/myaccount (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant) For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscription department For other enquiries, please contact our customer feedback department Nature Publishing Group | One New York Plaza, Suite 4500 | New York | NY 10004-1562 | USA Nature Publishing Group's worldwide offices: London - Paris - Munich - New Delhi - Tokyo - Melbourne San Diego - San Francisco - Washington - New York - Boston Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW. © 2017 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.