Wednesday, December 21, 2016

Nature Communications -21 December 2016

 
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The nature of prosociality in chimpanzees OPEN
Claudio Tennie, Keith Jensen and Josep Call
Chimpanzees appear helpful in some studies yet they do not usually share food, suggesting that they are prosocial when costs are low and goals are clear. Here, Tennie et al. show that chimpanzee helping behaviour might be a byproduct of task design and that these apes might not be as prosocial as supposed.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13915

Magmas near the critical degassing pressure drive volcanic unrest towards a critical state OPEN
Giovanni Chiodini, Antonio Paonita, Alessandro Aiuppa, Antonio Costa, Stefano Caliro, Prospero De Martino, Valerio Acocella and Jean Vandemeulebrouck
Magmas may migrate through hydrothermal fluids, but magma-hydrothermal interactions are poorly understood. Here, Chiodini et al. use physical and volatile models showing that at a critical degassing pressure the release of magmatic gases can heat hydrothermal fluids triggering deformation leading to eruption.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13712

Insect mimicry of plants dates back to the Permian OPEN
Romain Garrouste, Sylvain Hugel, Lauriane Jacquelin, Pierre Rostan, J.-Sébastien Steyer, Laure Desutter-Grandcolas and André Nel
Many insects mimic plants in order to avoid detection by predators. Here, Garrouste and colleagues describe a katydid fossil that extends the record of leaf mimicry to the Middle Permian, more than 100 million years earlier than previously known fossil specimens of plant mimicry.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13735

Rapid tuning shifts in human auditory cortex enhance speech intelligibility OPEN
Christopher R. Holdgraf, Wendy de Heer, Brian Pasley, Jochem Rieger, Nathan Crone, Jack J. Lin, Robert T. Knight and Frédéric E. Theunissen
Experience constantly shapes perception, but the neural mechanisms of this rapid plasticity are unclear. Here, Holdgraf et al. record neural activity in the human auditory cortex and show that listening to normal speech elicits rapid plasticity that increases the neural gain for features of sound that are key for speech intelligibility.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13654

Perceptual restoration of masked speech in human cortex OPEN
Matthew K. Leonard, Maxime O. Baud, Matthias J. Sjerps and Edward F. Chang
We can often ‘fill in’ missing or occluded sounds from a speech signal—an effect known as phoneme restoration. Leonard et al. found a real-time restoration of the missing sounds in the superior temporal auditory cortex in humans. Interestingly, neural activity in frontal regions prior to the stimulus can predict the word that the participant would later hear.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13619

A genome-scale Escherichia coli kinetic metabolic model k-ecoli457 satisfying flux data for multiple mutant strains OPEN
Ali Khodayari and Costas D. Maranas
Kinetic models of microbial metabolism have great potential to aid metabolic engineering efforts, but the challenge of parameterization has so far limited them to core metabolism. Here, the authors introduce a genome-scale metabolic model of E. coli metabolism that satisfies fluxomic data for a wild-type and 25 mutant strains in various growth conditions.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13806

Super-resolution imaging of light–matter interactions near single semiconductor nanowires OPEN
Eric Johlin, Jacopo Solari, Sander A. Mann, Jia Wang, Thomas S. Shimizu and Erik C. Garnett
Light-matter interactions with single quantum emitters are generally difficult to measure with both high-resolution and a large field of view. Here, Johlin et al. develop far-field super-resolution fluorescence methods to map near-field emitter-nanostructure interactions over several microns.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13950

Twinned growth behaviour of two-dimensional materials OPEN
Tao Zhang, Bei Jiang, Zhen Xu, Rafael G. Mendes, Yao Xiao, Linfeng Chen, Liwen Fang, Thomas Gemming, Shengli Chen, Mark H. Rümmeli and Lei Fu
Precise control of the growth of transition metal dichalcogenides layers in atomically thin van der Waals heterostructures has gained significant attention. Here, the authors report 100% overlapped vertical ReS2/WS2 heterostructures by utilizing the twinned growth behaviour of two-dimensional materials.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13911

Conformation-driven quantum interference effects mediated by through-space conjugation in self-assembled monolayers OPEN
Marco Carlotti, Andrii Kovalchuk, Tobias Wächter, Xinkai Qiu, Michael Zharnikov and Ryan C. Chiechi
Tunnelling currents through molecular junctions are affected by quantum interference effects, but understanding the factors leading to them remains a challenge. Here the authors show that through-space conjugation in self-assembled monolayers leads to conformation-dependent quantum interference that suppresses conductivity.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13904

MicroRNA-182 targets SMAD7 to potentiate TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of cancer cells OPEN
Jingyi Yu, Rong Lei, Xueqian Zhuang, Xiaoxun Li, Gang Li, Sima Lev, Miguel F. Segura, Xue Zhang and Guohong Hu
SMAD7 is a transcriptional target and a negative regulator of TGFβ signalling forming a negative feedback loop. Here the authors show that in cancer cells TGFβ activates the expression of microRNA-182 that suppresses SMAD7 protein, promoting TGFβ-mediated breast tumour invasion and bone metastasis.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13884

Tunable molecular separation by nanoporous membranes OPEN
Zhengbang Wang, Alexander Knebel, Sylvain Grosjean, Danny Wagner, Stefan Bräse, Christof Wöll, Jürgen Caro and Lars Heinke
The tunable pore size and functionalization of metal-organic frameworks offers great potential for efficient and selective separation of molecular mixtures. Here, the authors report a metal-organic membrane containing photoresponsive linkers which offers a dynamic control of selectivity by remote signals
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13872

Astrocytes gate Hebbian synaptic plasticity in the striatum OPEN
Silvana Valtcheva and Laurent Venance
Astrocytes regulate synaptic signalling via EAAT glutamate uptake, though whether they play a role in Hebbian plasticity is unknown. Here, the authors find targeting EAAT2 disrupts the emergence of spike timing-dependent plasticity, which highlights the role of astrocytes as gatekeepers for Hebbian plasticity.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13845

Rare disruptive mutations in ciliary function genes contribute to testicular cancer susceptibility OPEN
Kevin Litchfield, Max Levy, Darshna Dudakia, Paula Proszek, Claire Shipley, Sander Basten, Elizabeth Rapley, D. Timothy Bishop, Alison Reid, Robert Huddart, Peter Broderick, David Gonzalez de Castro, Simon O'Connor, Rachel H. Giles, Richard S. Houlston and Clare Turnbull
There is some evidence of a hereditary risk for developing testicular germ cell tumours. Here, the authors use whole-exome sequencing and identify a risk variant for the disease in DNAAF1, a gene involved in microtubule-based cilia.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13840

Emergent order in the kagome Ising magnet Dy3Mg2Sb3O14 OPEN
Joseph A. M. Paddison, Harapan S. Ong, James O. Hamp, Paromita Mukherjee, Xiaojian Bai, Matthew G. Tucker, Nicholas P. Butch, Claudio Castelnovo, Martin Mourigal and S. E. Dutton
Frustration in lattices of interacting spins can lead to rich and exotic physics, such as fractionalized excitations and emergent order. Here, the authors demonstrate a low-temperature transition from a disordered spin-ice-like phase to an emergent charge ordered phase in the bulk kagome Ising magnet Dy3Mg2Sb3O14.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13842

Molecular and electronic structure of terminal and alkali metal-capped uranium(V) nitride complexes OPEN
David M. King, Peter A. Cleaves, Ashley J. Wooles, Benedict M. Gardner, Nicholas F. Chilton, Floriana Tuna, William Lewis, Eric J. L. McInnes and Stephen T. Liddle
Actinide electronic structure determination is fundamentally challenging. Here, the authors assemble a family of uranium(V)-nitrides and quantify the electronic structure of the molecules, defining the relative importance of spin orbit coupling and crystal field interactions.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13773

Energy dissipation from a correlated system driven out of equilibrium OPEN
J. D. Rameau, S. Freutel, A. F. Kemper, M. A. Sentef, J. K. Freericks, I. Avigo, M. Ligges, L. Rettig, Y. Yoshida, H. Eisaki, J. Schneeloch, R. D. Zhong, Z. J. Xu, G. D. Gu, P. D. Johnson and U. Bovensiepen
Differentiation of quantum interactions in correlated materials is ambiguous in measurements of the single particle self-energy. Here, Rameau et al. employ a combined theoretical and experimental time domain treatment to separate electron-boson interactions from electron-electron interactions in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x .
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13761

Production of individualized V gene databases reveals high levels of immunoglobulin genetic diversity OPEN
Martin M. Corcoran, Ganesh E. Phad, Néstor Vázquez Bernat, Christiane Stahl-Hennig, Noriyuki Sumida, Mats A.A. Persson, Marcel Martin and Gunilla B. Karlsson Hedestam
Current databases of V genes for antibody repertoire have limitations. Here Corcoran et al. develop a computational approach named IgDiscover that can identify germline V gene sequences from expressed antibody repertoires to high specificity and completeness.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13642

The biomechanical properties of an epithelial tissue determine the location of its vasculature OPEN
Martin Kragl, Rajib Schubert, Haiko Karsjens, Silke Otter, Barbara Bartosinska, Kay Jeruschke, Jürgen Weiss, Chunguang Chen, David Alsteens, Oliver Kuss, Stephan Speier, Daniel Eberhard, Daniel J. Müller and Eckhard Lammert
Vasculature is denser in soft than in stiff tissues. Kragl et al. suggest a mechanistic link between biomechanical tissue properties and vascularization by showing that integrin-linked kinase reduces the contractile forces of the cell cortex in endocrine pancreatic cells, facilitating their adhesion to blood vessels and enabling pancreatic islet vascularization.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13560

Chirality-driven orbital magnetic moments as a new probe for topological magnetic structures OPEN
Manuel dos Santos Dias, Juba Bouaziz, Mohammed Bouhassoune, Stefan Blügel and Samir Lounis
To determine the topological character of a magnetic structure, one has to rely on techniques based on spin magnetism. Here, the authors study chirality-driven orbital moment physics and propose a new experimental protocol for the identification of topological magnetic structure, based on soft X-ray spectroscopy.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13613

Structural insights into ribosomal rescue by Dom34 and Hbs1 at near-atomic resolution OPEN
Tarek Hilal, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Justus Loerke, Jörg Bürger, Thorsten Mielke and Christian M.T. Spahn
mRNA surveillance is essential to maintain homeostasis in eukaryotes and is activated by mRNAs lacking a stop codon. Here the authors describe a high resolution cryo-EM structure of a nonstop complex that shows how arrested ribosome recognition is achieved during Dom34-mediated mRNA surveillance.
20 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13521

An antireflection transparent conductor with ultralow optical loss (<2 %) and electrical resistance (<6 Ω sq−1) OPEN
Rinu Abraham Maniyara, Vahagn K. Mkhitaryan, Tong Lai Chen, Dhriti Sundar Ghosh and Valerio Pruneri
Transparent conductors are fundamental for optoelectronics. Using the transfer matrix method to optimise a multistructure of anti-reflection coatings containing an ultrathin metal film, Maniyara et al. achieve the highest transmittance of an antireflection transparent conductor combined with low resistance.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13771

Fluorination-enabled optimal morphology leads to over 11% efficiency for inverted small-molecule organic solar cells OPEN
Dan Deng, Yajie Zhang, Jianqi Zhang, Zaiyu Wang, Lingyun Zhu, Jin Fang, Benzheng Xia, Zhen Wang, Kun Lu, Wei Ma and Zhixiang Wei
Organic solar cells based on solution-processable small molecules still lag behind their macromolecule counterparts. Here, Deng et al. develop molecular donors to pair with PC71BM and study how the degree of fluorination impacts the morphology of the heterojunction and the efficiency of the devices.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13740

Two pathways regulate cortical granule translocation to prevent polyspermy in mouse oocytes OPEN
Liam P. Cheeseman, Jérôme Boulanger, Lisa M. Bond and Melina Schuh
Mammalian eggs release cortical granules to avoid being fertilized by more than a single sperm as polyspermy results in nonviable embryos. Here, the authors describe the mechanism driving translocation of the granules to the cortex in the mouse egg and show this process is essential to prevent polyspermy.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13726

A Mott insulator continuously connected to iron pnictide superconductors OPEN
Yu Song, Zahra Yamani, Chongde Cao, Yu Li, Chenglin Zhang, Justin S. Chen, Qingzhen Huang, Hui Wu, Jing Tao, Yimei Zhu, Wei Tian, Songxue Chi, Huibo Cao, Yao-Bo Huang, Marcus Dantz, Thorsten Schmitt, Rong Yu, Andriy H. Nevidomskyy, Emilia Morosan, Qimiao Si et al.
Whether an actual Mott insulator phase exists in iron pnictides remains elusive. Here, Song et al. demonstrate an antiferromagnetic insulator phase persisting above the Néel temperature in NaFe1−x Cu x As, indicative of a Mott insulator, highlighting the role of electron correlations in high-T c superconductivity.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13879

The origin of ultrahigh piezoelectricity in relaxor-ferroelectric solid solution crystals OPEN
Fei Li, Shujun Zhang, Tiannan Yang, Zhuo Xu, Nan Zhang, Gang Liu, Jianjun Wang, Jianli Wang, Zhenxiang Cheng, Zuo-Guang Ye, Jun Luo, Thomas R. Shrout and Long-Qing Chen
Combining a perovskite ferroelectric with moderate piezoelectric properties and a nonpiezoelectric pervoskite relaxor can create a highly piezoelectric material. Here, the authors help explain this unusual result by quantifying how polar nanoregions in the material contribute to its piezoelectric response.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13807

The non-canonical mitochondrial inner membrane presequence translocase of trypanosomatids contains two essential rhomboid-like proteins OPEN
Anke Harsman, Silke Oeljeklaus, Christoph Wenger, Jonathan L. Huot, Bettina Warscheid and André Schneider
The mitochondrial protein import machinery is crucial for eukaryotes but little is known about its evolutionary origin. Here, the authors characterize the translocase of the inner membrane (TIM) in trypanosomes, showing that it contains two rhomboid-like proteins essential for protein import.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13707

Complementarity of PALM and SOFI for super-resolution live-cell imaging of focal adhesions OPEN
Hendrik Deschout, Tomas Lukes, Azat Sharipov, Daniel Szlag, Lely Feletti, Wim Vandenberg, Peter Dedecker, Johan Hofkens, Marcel Leutenegger, Theo Lasser and Aleksandra Radenovic
Live cell super-resolution imaging requires a high temporal resolution, which remains a challenge. Here the authors combine photo-activated localization microscopy (PALM) with super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) to achieve high spatiotemporal resolution and quantitative imaging of focal adhesion dynamics.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13693

The Ca2+-activated chloride channel anoctamin-2 mediates spike-frequency adaptation and regulates sensory transmission in thalamocortical neurons OPEN
Go Eun Ha, Jaekwang Lee, Hankyul Kwak, Kiyeong Song, Jea Kwon, Soon-Young Jung, Joohyeon Hong, Gyeong-Eon Chang, Eun Mi Hwang, Hee-Sup Shin, C. Justin Lee and Eunji Cheong
Spike-frequency adaptation in thalamocortical (TC) neurons is important for sensory transmission though the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, the authors identify a role for the calcium-activated chloride channel, ANO2, in mediating TC spiking adaptations and visceral pain response.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13791

Observation of spontaneous spin-splitting in the band structure of an n-type zinc-blende ferromagnetic semiconductor OPEN
Le Duc Anh, Pham Nam Hai and Masaaki Tanaka
A large spin-splitting is essential for spintronic devices. Here, the authors observe a spontaneous spin-splitting energy of between 31.7 and 50 millielectronvolts in n-type indium iron arsenide at temperatures up to several tens of Kelvin, challenging the conventional theory of ferromagnetic semiconductors.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13810

Real-time measurements of spontaneous breathers and rogue wave events in optical fibre modulation instability OPEN
Mikko Närhi, Benjamin Wetzel, Cyril Billet, Shanti Toenger, Thibaut Sylvestre, Jean-Marc Merolla, Roberto Morandotti, Frederic Dias, Goëry Genty and John M. Dudley
Low amplitude noise on an otherwise constant-intensity wave can grow exponentially and induce nonlinear dynamical behaviour. Here, the authors present time-domain measurements of a phenomenon arising from such modulation instability: the emergence of highly localised breathers in an optical fibre.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13675

A neuronal network of mitochondrial dynamics regulates metastasis OPEN
M. Cecilia Caino, Jae Ho Seo, Angeline Aguinaldo, Eric Wait, Kelly G. Bryant, Andrew V. Kossenkov, James E. Hayden, Valentina Vaira, Annamaria Morotti, Stefano Ferrero, Silvano Bosari, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, Lucia R. Languino, Andrew R. Cohen and Dario C. Altieri
Mitochondria have a controversial role in cancer. Here, the authors demonstrate the reprogramming of a neuronal network of mitochondrial trafficking in tumor cells, and identify Syntaphilin as a key protein that suppresses organelle dynamics thereby blocking chemotaxis and metastasis in mice.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13730

Grain neighbour effects on twin transmission in hexagonal close-packed materials OPEN
M. Arul Kumar, I. J. Beyerlein, R. J. McCabe and C. N. Tomé
Twin transmission across grain boundaries has important influence on deformation and fracture in hexagonal close-packed metals. Here, experimental and computational statistical analyses show that whether twins cross grain boundaries depends not only on crystal misorientation but also strongly on anisotropy in crystallographic slip.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13826

Sirt1 regulates glial progenitor proliferation and regeneration in white matter after neonatal brain injury OPEN
Beata Jablonska, Marcin Gierdalski, Li-Jin Chew, Teresa Hawley, Mackenzie Catron, Arturo Lichauco, Juan Cabrera-Luque, Tracy Yuen, David Rowitch and Vittorio Gallo
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation is crucial for regeneration after hypoxic lesions in mice, a model of diffuse white matter injury of premature infants. Here, the authors show that the histone deacetylase Sirt1 is a Cdk2-dependent mediator of OPC proliferation and OPC response to hypoxia.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13866

A bromodomain–DNA interaction facilitates acetylation-dependent bivalent nucleosome recognition by the BET protein BRDT OPEN
Thomas C. R. Miller, Bernd Simon, Vladimir Rybin, Helga Grötsch, Sandrine Curtet, Saadi Khochbin, Teresa Carlomagno and Christoph W. Müller
Many chromatin modifying proteins, including BRDT, contain bromodomains, which are known to interact with nucleosomes. Here, the authors find that BRDT interacts with nucleosomes via only one of its two bromodomains, and that the interaction involves contacts with DNA as well as acetylated histones.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13855

Tumour homing and therapeutic effect of colloidal nanoparticles depend on the number of attached antibodies OPEN
Miriam Colombo, Luisa Fiandra, Giulia Alessio, Serena Mazzucchelli, Manuela Nebuloni, Clara De Palma, Karsten Kantner, Beatriz Pelaz, Rany Rotem, Fabio Corsi, Wolfgang J. Parak and Davide Prosperi
A common strategy to target nanoparticles to tumours is conjugation with specific antibodies, targeting protein expressed preferentially by cancer cells. Here the authors show that the number of antibodies bound to the nanoparticle influences the targeting ability in vitro and in vivo.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13818

Tremor activity inhibited by well-drained conditions above a megathrust OPEN
Junichi Nakajima and Akira Hasegawa
Low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) in megathrusts are due to weak shear strength and high fluid pressure, but controls on LFE location remain unclear. Nakajima and Hasegawa show that LFE occurrence is limited to beneath unmetamorphosed undrained portions of the overlying plate.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13863

Greenland subglacial drainage evolution regulated by weakly connected regions of the bed OPEN
Matthew J. Hoffman, Lauren C. Andrews, Stephen A. Price, Ginny A. Catania, Thomas A. Neumann, Martin P. Lüthi, Jason Gulley, Claudia Ryser, Robert L. Hawley and Blaine Morriss
Surface meltwater draining to the bed of the Greenland Ice Sheet each summer causes ice flow changes inconsistent with the prevailing theory of channelizing subglacial drainage. Here, the authors show this is caused by limited, gradual leakage of water from previously ignored weakly connected regions of the bed.
19 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13903

Tuning magnetic spirals beyond room temperature with chemical disorder OPEN
Mickaël Morin, Emmanuel Canévet, Adrien Raynaud, Marek Bartkowiak, Denis Sheptyakov, Voraksmy Ban, Michel Kenzelmann, Ekaterina Pomjakushina, Kazimierz Conder and Marisa Medarde
Materials with ordered magnetic spiral phases can exhibit ferroelectricity and magnetoelectric effects, but applications are restricted by low magnetic-order temperatures. Here, the authors stabilize the magnetic spiral phase of YBaCuFeO5 at room temperature by controlling the iron–copper chemical disorder.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13758

Concepts of ferrovalley material and anomalous valley Hall effect OPEN
Wen-Yi Tong, Shi-Jing Gong, Xiangang Wan and Chun-Gang Duan
Spontaneous polarization leads to various functionalities promising for future information storage and electronics. Here, the authors propose the concept of ferrovalley material with spontaneous valley polarization in monolayer 2H-VSe2.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13612

Global repositioning of transcription start sites in a plant-fermenting bacterium OPEN
Magali Boutard, Laurence Ettwiller, Tristan Cerisy, Adriana Alberti, Karine Labadie, Marcel Salanoubat, Ira Schildkraut and Andrew C. Tolonen
Bacteria may respond to a change in environment by using alternative transcriptional start sites. Here, the authors use a novel genome-wide capture and reverse transcription method to find substrate-specific start sites for hundreds of genes at single base resolution in Clostridium phytofermentans.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13783

Release of Plasmodium sporozoites requires proteins with histone-fold dimerization domains OPEN
Chiara Currà, Renate Gessmann, Tomasino Pace, Leonardo Picci, Giulia Peruzzi, Vassiliki Varamogianni-Mamatsi, Lefteris Spanos, Célia R. S. Garcia, Roberta Spaccapelo, Marta Ponzi and Inga Siden-Kiamos
Oocyst rupture and release of malaria sporozoites is needed for transmission of parasites from vector to humans. Here the authors identify two proteins, which they name ORP1 and ORP2, that form heterodimers and are required for oocyst rupture.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13846

Cooperative redox activation for carbon dioxide conversion OPEN
Zhong Lian, Dennis U. Nielsen, Anders T. Lindhardt, Kim Daasbjerg and Troels Skrydstrup
While CO2 can be converted to CO for further reactivity, typically this involves the generation of large amounts of waste. Here the authors report the conversion of CO2 to CO, with the siloxane by-product being further used in a carbonylative Hiyama-Denmark coupling to form diarylketones.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13782

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy of branched gap plasmon resonators OPEN
Søren Raza, Majid Esfandyarpour, Ai Leen Koh, N. Asger Mortensen, Mark L. Brongersma and Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi
Here Raza et al. use using scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy to provide detailed characterization of gap surface plasmon modes supported by a freely suspended silver nanoslit of 25 nm width.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13790

Engineering orthogonal dual transcription factors for multi-input synthetic promoters OPEN
Andreas K. Brödel, Alfonso Jaramillo and Mark Isalan
Genetic circuits usually employ the same set of transcription factors which can act via repression or activation of the target promoter. Here the authors present dual activator-repressor switches, designed via directed evolution, for orthogonal logic gates and multi-input circuit architectures.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13858

Imaging electric field dynamics with graphene optoelectronics OPEN
Jason Horng, Halleh B. Balch, Allister F. McGuire, Hsin-Zon Tsai, Patrick R. Forrester, Michael F. Crommie, Bianxiao Cui and Feng Wang
Detection of electric fields, central to chemical and biological processes, has been limited to measurements of current (e.g., electrodes) and secondary reporters (e.g., fluorescent dyes). Here, the authors demonstrate an optical platform capable of imaging electric field dynamics with high spatio-temporal resolution.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13704

Zinc isotope evidence for sulfate-rich fluid transfer across subduction zones OPEN
Marie-Laure Pons, Baptiste Debret, Pierre Bouilhol, Adélie Delacour and Helen Williams
During subduction, fluids are released into the mantle wedge, but the exact compositions of these fluids are unclear. Pons et al. by analysing zinc isotopes from serpentinite provide evidence that oxidized, sulphate rich fluids are released to the mantle wedge during subduction.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13794

Transport of lipophilic carboxylates is mediated by transmembrane helix 2 in multidrug transporter AcrB OPEN
Christine Oswald, Heng-Keat Tam and Klaas M. Pos
The AcrB module of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump sequesters drugs from the periplasm and outer leaflet of the inner membrane. Here, Oswald et al. provide evidence that lipophilic carboxylated substrates bind to a groove between transmembrane helices TM1 and TM2, for further transport by an upward movement of TM2.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13819

A TNFRSF14-FcɛRI-mast cell pathway contributes to development of multiple features of asthma pathology in mice OPEN
Riccardo Sibilano, Nicolas Gaudenzio, Marianne K. DeGorter, Laurent L. Reber, Joseph D. Hernandez, Philipp M. Starkl, Oliwia W. Zurek, Mindy Tsai, Sonja Zahner, Stephen B. Montgomery, Axel Roers, Mitchell Kronenberg, Mang Yu and Stephen J. Galli
TNFSF14 (LIGHT) contributes to airway inflammation and remodelling. Here the authors show that TNFSF14 acting on its receptor TNFRSF14 on mast cells enhances their IgE-dependent activation and that interference with this pathway attenuates features of asthma pathology in mice.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13696

Monocyte-derived inflammatory Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells mediate psoriasis-like inflammation OPEN
Tej Pratap Singh, Howard H. Zhang, Izabela Borek, Peter Wolf, Michael N. Hedrick, Satya P. Singh, Brian L. Kelsall, Bjorn E. Clausen and Joshua M. Farber
Imiquimod exacerbates IL-23-induced skin inflammation and models psoriasis in mice. Here the authors show that this pathology is not dependent on resident dendritic cells, but on CCR6-induced immigration of monocyte-derived cells.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13581

Interleukin-12 bypasses common gamma-chain signalling in emergency natural killer cell lymphopoiesis OPEN
Isabel Ohs, Maries van den Broek, Kathrin Nussbaum, Christian Münz, Sebastian J. Arnold, Sergio A. Quezada, Sonia Tugues and Burkhard Becher
Natural killer homeostasis is thought to be governed by gamma chain cytokines including IL-15. Here, the authors show that IL-12 can trigger the development of a distinct subset of natural killer cells with anti-tumour activity.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13708

Interplay of Dirac electrons and magnetism in CaMnBi2 and SrMnBi2 OPEN
Anmin Zhang, Changle Liu, Changjiang Yi, Guihua Zhao, Tian-long Xia, Jianting Ji, Youguo Shi, Rong Yu, Xiaoqun Wang, Changfeng Chen and Qingming Zhang
The interplay between the low-energy carriers in Dirac materials and magnetism is likely to reveal many novel physical phenomena. Here, the authors use two-magnon Raman scattering to determine the exchange energies of two prototypical magnetic Dirac systems, CaMnBi2 and SrMnBi2.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13833

GALNT14 promotes lung-specific breast cancer metastasis by modulating self-renewal and interaction with the lung microenvironment OPEN
Ki-Hoon Song, Mi So Park, Tulip S. Nandu, Shrikanth Gadad, Sang-Cheol Kim and Mi-Young Kim
Polypeptide N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferases (GALNTs) are associated with cancer, but their function in organ-specific metastasis is unclear. Here the authors show that GALNT14 promotes breast cancer metastasis to the lung by enhancing the initiation of metastatic colonies and subsequent growth.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13796

A TLR9 agonist promotes IL-22-dependent pancreatic islet allograft survival in type 1 diabetic mice OPEN
Deepak Tripathi, Sambasivan Venkatasubramanian, Satyanarayana S. Cheekatla, Padmaja Paidipally, Elwyn Welch, Amy R. Tvinnereim and Ramakrishna Vankayalapati
Tolerance is required to prevent rejection of intrahepatic islet allografts as a potential treatment for type 1 diabetes. Here the authors show that IL-22 produced by NK1.1+ cells in the liver of streptozotocin T1D model mice can drive tolerance to allografted islets.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13896

Evolution of multiple cell clones over a 29-year period of a CLL patient OPEN
Zhikun Zhao, Lynn Goldin, Shiping Liu, Liang Wu, Weiyin Zhou, Hong Lou, Qichao Yu, Shirley X. Tsang, Miaomiao Jiang, Fuqiang Li, MaryLou McMaster, Yang Li, Xinxin Lin, Zhifeng Wang, Liqin Xu, Gerald Marti, Guibo Li, Kui Wu, Meredith Yeager, Huanming Yang et al.
Studying the genetic progression of many cancers is difficult as longitudinal samples are rarely available. Here, the authors analyse a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia over a 29 year period and track the clonal evolution of the patient’s disease and response to therapy.
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13765

Kinetic disruption of lipid rafts is a mechanosensor for phospholipase D OPEN
E. Nicholas Petersen, Hae-Won Chung, Arman Nayebosadri and Scott B. Hansen
Mechanosensation by biological membranes can be relayed by mechanical tension to ion channels. Here the authors show that phospholipase D (PLD) is activated by mechanical disruption of lipid rafts which allows PLD to mix with its substrate in the lipid membrane, and propose a kinetic model of force transduction.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13873

Ageing and brain white matter structure in 3,513 UK Biobank participants OPEN
Simon R. Cox, Stuart J. Ritchie, Elliot M. Tucker-Drob, David C. Liewald, Saskia P. Hagenaars, Gail Davies, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Catharine R. Gale, Mark E. Bastin and Ian J. Deary
Part of understanding ageing involves knowing how the brain’s connecting pathways change in healthy aging. Here, authors provide a detailed characterisation of data from 3513 UK Biobank participants, and show that the microstructure of these pathways becomes more similar with age.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13629

Temporal pairwise spike correlations fully capture single-neuron information OPEN
Amadeus Dettner, Sabrina Münzberg and Tatjana Tchumatchenko
To understand the neural code it is important to determine what spiking features contain the relevant information. Here, the authors use mathematical approaches to show that two pair-wise correlation functions, the autocorrelation function within spike trains and cross-correlation function across stimulus presentations, fully determine the neural information content.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13805

Evidence for spin-to-charge conversion by Rashba coupling in metallic states at the Fe/Ge(111) interface OPEN
S. Oyarzún, A. K. Nandy, F. Rortais, J.-C. Rojas-Sánchez, M.-T. Dau, P. Noël, P. Laczkowski, S. Pouget, H. Okuno, L. Vila, C. Vergnaud, C. Beigné, A. Marty, J.-P. Attané, S. Gambarelli, J.-M. George, H. Jaffrès, S. Blügel and M. Jamet
Engineering the interaction between spin and charge is important for the creation of spintronics devices. Here, the authors show that the Rashba effect at a single crystalline Fe/Ge(111) interface produces enhanced spin-charge conversion, which could help develop a spin field-effect-transistor.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13857

Enhancing radiation tolerance by controlling defect mobility and migration pathways in multicomponent single-phase alloys OPEN
Chenyang Lu, Liangliang Niu, Nanjun Chen, Ke Jin, Taini Yang, Pengyuan Xiu, Yanwen Zhang, Fei Gao, Hongbin Bei, Shi Shi, Mo-Rigen He, Ian M. Robertson, William J. Weber and Lumin Wang
Radiation tolerance is a property determined both by materials structure and defect dynamics. Here authors demonstrate enhancement of radiation tolerance at elevated temperatures in equiatomic single-phase concentrated solid solution alloys and propose an underlying mechanism.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13564

Oscillatory integration windows in neurons OPEN
Nitin Gupta, Swikriti Saran Singh and Mark Stopfer
Neural oscillations have been proposed to process information by generating cyclic integration windows: specific portions of the oscillatory cycle when a post-synaptic neuron is especially sensitive to coincident inputs. Here, the authors demonstrate the existence and mechanism of integration windows in Kenyon cells in the locust olfactory system.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13808

A large-scale genome-wide association and meta-analysis identified four novel susceptibility loci for leprosy OPEN
Zhenzhen Wang, Yonghu Sun, Xi’an Fu, Gongqi Yu, Chuan Wang, Fangfang Bao, Zhenhua Yue, Jianke Li, Lele Sun, Astrid Irwanto, Yongxiang Yu, Mingfei Chen, Zihao Mi, Honglei Wang, Pengcheng Huai, Yi Li, Tiantian Du, Wenjun Yu, Yang Xia, Hailu Xiao et al.
Previous studies have shown genetic associations between leprosy and 18 different genes/loci. Here, Wang and colleagues perform genome-wide association study in Han Chinese leprosy patients and describe four novel loci to be associated to the disease.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13760

The in vivo hydrocarbon formation by vanadium nitrogenase follows a secondary metabolic pathway OPEN
Johannes G. Rebelein, Chi Chung Lee, Yilin Hu and Markus W. Ribbe
Nitrogenases reduce inorganic nitrogen to organic ammonia in a crucial step of the nitrogen cycle. Here the authors show that the vanadium-nitrogenase of Azotobacter vinelandii can also catalyse the in vivo conversion of carbon monoxide to hydrocarbons in a secondary non-biosynthetic pathway.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13641

Cyst-Wall-Protein-1 is fundamental for Golgi-like organelle neogenesis and cyst-wall biosynthesis in Giardia lamblia OPEN
Jacqueline A. Ebneter, Sally D. Heusser, Elisabeth M. Schraner, Adrian B. Hehl and Carmen Faso
Giardia lamblia is a human protozoan parasite with two diploid nuclei, which makes complete knock-out of a gene of interest challenging. Here the authors use a Cre/loxP-based approach to knock-out cyst-wall protein 1 (cwp1) and show that CWP1 is essential for cyst-wall biosynthesis.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13859

Improvement of system capacitance via weavable superelastic biscrolled yarn supercapacitors OPEN
Changsoon Choi, Kang Min Kim, Keon Jung Kim, Xavier Lepró, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Ray H. Baughman and Seon Jeong Kim
Carbon nanotube yarns with high loadings of pseudocapacitive material are desirable, e.g., for emerging wearable technologies. Here authors make biscrolled yarns with high loadings of MnO2 nanoparticles confined in carbon nanotube galleries, demonstrating very high linear and areal capacitances.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13811

Low-affinity CD4+ T cells are major responders in the primary immune response OPEN
Ryan J. Martinez, Rakieb Andargachew, Hunter A. Martinez and Brian D. Evavold
MHC II tetramers are used to study T cell expansion but they preferentially bind high affinity T cell receptors. Here the authors show that T cells with low affinity receptors expand in number along with the T-cell repertoire and might therefore contribute more to the primary immune response than was thought.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13848

Estimating the volume and age of water stored in global lakes using a geo-statistical approach OPEN
Mathis Loïc Messager, Bernhard Lehner, Günther Grill, Irena Nedeva and Oliver Schmitt
Lakes play a key role in our ecosystems and thus it is vital to understand their distribution and volume. Here, the authors present a new global lake database (HydroLAKES) and develop a new geo-statistical model to show global lake area, shoreline length, water volume and hydraulic residence times.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13603

Ventral tegmental area glutamate neurons co-release GABA and promote positive reinforcement OPEN
Ji Hoon Yoo, Vivien Zell, Navarre Gutierrez-Reed, Johnathan Wu, Reed Ressler, Mohammad Ali Shenasa, Alexander B. Johnson, Kathryn H. Fife, Lauren Faget and Thomas S. Hnasko
Ventral tegmental area (VTA) is involved in reward behaviours, but the precise contribution of VTA glutamatergic neurons to this process is not known. Here the authors show that phasic but not sustained optogenetic stimulation of VTA glutamatergic neurons is rewarding and involves co-release of GABA.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13697

Dendritic excitation–inhibition balance shapes cerebellar output during motor behaviour OPEN
Marta Jelitai, Paolo Puggioni, Taro Ishikawa, Arianna Rinaldi and Ian Duguid
Here, the authors combine in vivo patch-clamp recordings and optogenetics to show that balanced dendritic excitation and inhibition provides a sensitive ‘push-pull’ mechanism that generates the bidirectional modulation of Purkinje cell SSp output necessary for normal locomotor behaviour.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13722

Brønsted acid sites based on penta-coordinated aluminum species OPEN
Zichun Wang, Yijiao Jiang, Olivier Lafon, Julien Trébosc, Kyung Duk Kim, Catherine Stampfl, Alfons Baiker, Jean-Paul Amoureux and Jun Huang
Until now, it has been believed that Brønsted acid sites in amorphous silica-alumina are formed from only tetra-coordinated (AlIV) sites. Here, the authors use 27Al-{1H} correlation NMR experiments to identify a new AlV-based Brønsted acid site, with implications for increasing the acidity of solid acid catalysts.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13820

Profiling DNA damage response following mitotic perturbations OPEN
Ronni S. Pedersen, Gopal Karemore, Thorkell Gudjonsson, Maj-Britt Rask, Beate Neumann, Jean-Karim Hériché, Rainer Pepperkok, Jan Ellenberg, Daniel W. Gerlich, Jiri Lukas and Claudia Lukas
DNA damage arising from replication stress is well studied, but the effect of mitotic errors on genome integrity is less understood. Here the authors knock down 47 mitotic regulators and record how they impact on DNA breakage events, providing a resource for future studies on the relation between cell division and genome integrity.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13887

Photonic Weyl point in a two-dimensional resonator lattice with a synthetic frequency dimension OPEN
Qian Lin, Meng Xiao, Luqi Yuan and Shanhui Fan
Weyl points, point degeneracies surrounded by linear dispersions, are the 3-dimensional analogue of the Dirac points known from 2D materials. Here, Lin et al. propose a scheme for realizing on-chip electromagnetic Weyl points by utilizing the concept of synthetic dimensions.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13731

Amphibian gut microbiota shifts differentially in community structure but converges on habitat-specific predicted functions OPEN
Molly C. Bletz, Daniel J. Goedbloed, Eugenia Sanchez, Timm Reinhardt, Christoph C. Tebbe, Sabin Bhuju, Robert Geffers, Michael Jarek, Miguel Vences and Sebastian Steinfartz
Host-associated microbial communities can shift in structure or function when hosts change locations. Bletz et al. reciprocally transfer salamander larvae between pond and stream habitats to show that gut microbiomes shift in function, but not necessarily taxonomic identities, when hosts encounter a new environment.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13699

Multivoxel neurofeedback selectively modulates confidence without changing perceptual performance OPEN
Aurelio Cortese, Kaoru Amano, Ai Koizumi, Mitsuo Kawato and Hakwan Lau
Confidence associated with perceptual judgements is generally seen as directly reflecting the reliability of perceptual processes. Here the authors use fMRI-based decoded neurofeedback to manipulate confidence and show that it does not affect perceptual performance.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13669

Heritability of the shape of subcortical brain structures in the general population OPEN
Gennady V. Roshchupkin, Boris A. Gutman, Meike W. Vernooij, Neda Jahanshad, Nicholas G. Martin, Albert Hofman, Katie L. McMahon, Sven J. van der Lee, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Greig I. de Zubicaray, André G. Uitterlinden, Margaret J. Wright, Wiro J. Niessen, Paul M. Thompson, M. Arfan Ikram and Hieab H. H. Adams
The volume of subcortical brain structures is known to be heritable. Here, Roshchupkin and colleagues studied seven different subcortical brain structures in the general population and show that the genetic contributions go beyond these volumetric measurements, and also extend to their shapes.
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13738

Osteoblasts secrete Cxcl9 to regulate angiogenesis in bone OPEN
Bin Huang, Wenhao Wang, Qingchu Li, Zhenyu Wang, Bo Yan, Zhongmin Zhang, Liang Wang, Minjun Huang, Chunhong Jia, Jiansen Lu, Sichi Liu, Hongdong Chen, Mangmang Li, Daozhang Cai, Yu Jiang, Dadi Jin and Xiaochun Bai
Bone development and vascularization are coupled events that share many molecular mechanisms. Here the authors identify osteoblast-secreted Cxcl9 as an inhibitory regulator of angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and show that mTORC1 signaling and STAT1 are critical upstream mediators of the cytokine expression.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13885

Integrative modelling of tumour DNA methylation quantifies the contribution of metabolism OPEN
Mahya Mehrmohamadi, Lucas K. Mentch, Andrew G. Clark and Jason W. Locasale
Altered DNA methylation is a feature of cancer and between-patient variability is prevalent. Here, the authors integrate data on thousands of human tumours, and find that expression levels of methionine metabolism genes are predictive of methylation features, and that the breakdown of this relationship is a negative prognostic marker.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13666

TOC1–PIF4 interaction mediates the circadian gating of thermoresponsive growth in Arabidopsis OPEN
Jia-Ying Zhu, Eunkyoo Oh, Tina Wang and Zhi-Yong Wang
The PIF4 transcription factor mediates the response of Arabidopsis seedlings to elevated temperature. Here the authors show that PIF4 interacts with the circadian clock component TOC1 which acts to suppress the PIF4-mediated temperature response in the evening.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13692

High-throughput computational design of cathode coatings for Li-ion batteries OPEN
Muratahan Aykol, Soo Kim, Vinay I. Hegde, David Snydacker, Zhi Lu, Shiqiang Hao, Scott Kirklin, Dane Morgan and C. Wolverton
Degradation of cathode materials is a key factor hindering the long-term stability of lithium ion batteries. Here, the authors develop a high-throughput computational approach to design effective cathode coating materials, proposing a selection of candidate materials to help improve cathode lifetimes.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13779

Evaluating structure selection in the hydrothermal growth of FeS2 pyrite and marcasite OPEN
Daniil A. Kitchaev and Gerbrand Ceder
Polymorph selection by synthesis conditions is common, important and mechanistically undercharacterized. Here authors show via ab initio calculations that surface energy effects on nucleation rate can explain how solution pH selects dominant forms of FeS2 during hydrothermal synthesis.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13799

NQO1 inhibits proteasome-mediated degradation of HIF-1α OPEN
Eun-Taex Oh, Jung-whan Kim, Joon Mee Kim, Soo Jung Kim, Jae-Seon Lee, Soon-Sun Hong, Justin Goodwin, Robin J. Ruthenborg, Myung Gu Jung, Hae-June Lee, Chul-Ho Lee, Eun Sung Park, Chulhee Kim and Heon Joo Park
Elevated levels of the oxidoreductase NQO1 in tumours are associated with poor prognosis but how this contributes to cancer is poorly understood. Here, the authors find that NQO1 competes with PHD proteins, resulting in the stabilization of the hypoxia induced transcription factor HIF-1α.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13593

Adaptive microwave impedance memory effect in a ferromagnetic insulator OPEN
Hanju Lee, Barry Friedman and Kiejin Lee
Dissipative systems may provide another platform towards adaptive electronics beyond adaptive biological systems. Here, Lee et al. report a non-volatile memristive microwave device based on adaptive tuning of the dissipative magnetic domains of a driven ferromagnetic system.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13737

Five colour variants of bright luminescent protein for real-time multicolour bioimaging OPEN
Kazushi Suzuki, Taichi Kimura, Hajime Shinoda, Guirong Bai, Matthew J. Daniels, Yoshiyuki Arai, Masahiro Nakano and Takeharu Nagai
The use of luminescence, rather than fluorescence, for imaging is advantageous in situations where laser illumination should be avoided. Here the authors make five colour variants of bright luminescent proteins based on FRET between NLuc and fluorescent proteins, and show their utility as Ca2+ indicators.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13718

Directional interlayer spin-valley transfer in two-dimensional heterostructures OPEN
John R. Schaibley, Pasqual Rivera, Hongyi Yu, Kyle L. Seyler, Jiaqiang Yan, David G. Mandrus, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Wang Yao and Xiaodong Xu
Van der Waals heterostructures offer a platform for harnessing the spin-valley degree of freedom for information processing. Here, the authors transfer optically generated spin-valley polarization from one layer to another in a two-dimensional molybdenum diselenide–tungsten diselenide heterostructure.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13747

Continuous-variable quantum computing on encrypted data OPEN
Kevin Marshall, Christian S. Jacobsen, Clemens Schäfermeier, Tobias Gehring, Christian Weedbrook and Ulrik L. Andersen
Performing computation on encrypted data is a power tool for protecting a client’s privacy, but the best solutions achieved by classical approaches are only computationally secure. Here authors present and experimentally demonstrate a quantum protocol to achieve this using continuous variables.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13795

Targeting LOXL2 for cardiac interstitial fibrosis and heart failure treatment OPEN
Jin Yang, Konstantinos Savvatis, Jong Seok Kang, Peidong Fan, Hongyan Zhong, Karen Schwartz, Vivian Barry, Amanda Mikels-Vigdal, Serge Karpinski, Dmytro Kornyeyev, Joanne Adamkewicz, Xuhui Feng, Qiong Zhou, Ching Shang, Praveen Kumar, Dillon Phan, Mario Kasner, Begoña López, Javier Diez, Keith C. Wright et al.
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is an enzyme that promotes scaffolding of extracellular matrix proteins. Here the authors show that LOXL2 is crucial for pressure-overload induced cardiac fibrosis, and that antibody-mediated inhibition or genetic disruption of Loxl2 in mice shows therapeutic potential for treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13710

Hetero-type dual photoanodes for unbiased solar water splitting with extended light harvesting OPEN
Jin Hyun Kim, Ji-Wook Jang, Yim Hyun Jo, Fatwa F. Abdi, Young Hye Lee, Roel van de Krol and Jae Sung Lee
Metal oxide semiconductors are promising photoelectrode materials for solar water splitting but their efficiency needs to be improved. Here, the authors report a hetero-type dual photoelectrode strategy in which two photoanodes of different band gaps are connected in parallel for extended light harvesting.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13380

Dense GeV electron–positron pairs generated by lasers in near-critical-density plasmas OPEN
Xing-Long Zhu, Tong-Pu Yu, Zheng-Ming Sheng, Yan Yin, Ion Cristian Edmond Turcu and Alexander Pukhov
High power lasers can produce electron-positron pairs at GeV energies, but doing so through laser–laser collisions would require exceedingly high intensities. Here the authors present an all-optical scheme for pair production by irradiating near-critical-density plasmas with two counter-propagating lasers.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13686

Evaluating the convergence between eddy-covariance and biometric methods for assessing carbon budgets of forests OPEN
M. Campioli, Y. Malhi, S. Vicca, S. Luyssaert, D. Papale, J. Peñuelas, M. Reichstein, M. Migliavacca, M. A. Arain and I. A. Janssens
Site-level quantification of Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) and associated components rely on eddy covariance and biometric methods. Here these techniques are compared for global forest carbon fluxes, revealing differences in NEP, but similar estimates of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13717

Functional screening for anti-CMV biologics identifies a broadly neutralizing epitope of an essential envelope protein OPEN
Thomas J. Gardner, Kathryn R. Stein, J. Andrew Duty, Toni M. Schwarz, Vanessa M. Noriega, Thomas Kraus, Thomas M. Moran and Domenico Tortorella
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) poses a risk for immunosuppressed patients and newborns, with limited treatment options available. Here, Gardner et al. use a high-throughput approach and identify monoclonal antibodies that bind a highly conserved domain in the viral glycoprotein gH as potent inhibitors of CMV infection.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13627

Bandgap renormalization and work function tuning in MoSe2/hBN/Ru(0001) heterostructures OPEN
Qiang Zhang, Yuxuan Chen, Chendong Zhang, Chi-Ruei Pan, Mei-Yin Chou, Changgan Zeng and Chih-Kang Shih
Direct epitaxial growth of vertically stacked layered materials is a promising route towards scalable fabrication of van der Waals heterostructures. Here, the authors demonstrate molecular beam epitaxy of semiconducting MoSe2 on a hBN/Ru(0001) substrate.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13843

Selective and low temperature transition metal intercalation in layered tellurides OPEN
Takeshi Yajima, Masaki Koshiko, Yaoqing Zhang, Tamio Oguchi, Wen Yu, Daichi Kato, Yoji Kobayashi, Yuki Orikasa, Takafumi Yamamoto, Yoshiharu Uchimoto, Mark A. Green and Hiroshi Kageyama
The intercalation of metal ions in layered structures has a wide variety of applications, from energy storage to environmental remediation. Here the authors report that layered telluride structures can selectively bind transition metals and this intercalation can occur in solid state at mild conditions.
14 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13809
 
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  Latest Corrigendum  
 
Corrigendum: Chemotaxis towards autoinducer 2 mediates autoaggregation in Escherichia coli OPEN
Leanid Laganenka, Remy Colin and Victor Sourjik
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13979
 
 
  Latest Errata  
 
Erratum: Molecular basis of cooperativity in pH-triggered supramolecular self-assembly OPEN
Yang Li, Tian Zhao, Chensu Wang, Zhiqiang Lin, Gang Huang, Baran D. Sumer and Jinming Gao
16 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13777

 
 
Erratum: N-type organic electrochemical transistors with stability in water OPEN
Alexander Giovannitti, Christian B. Nielsen, Dan-Tiberiu Sbircea, Sahika Inal, Mary Donahue, Muhammad R. Niazi, David A. Hanifi, Aram Amassian, George G. Malliaras, Jonathan Rivnay and Iain McCulloch
15 December 2016 | doi: 10.1038/ncomms13955
 
 

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