Science X Newsletter Wednesday, Oct 19

Dear Reader ,

Here is your customized Science X Newsletter for October 19, 2016:

Spotlight Stories Headlines

X-ray point source discovered at the center of a distant dwarf galaxy Henize 2-10

Monkeys are seen making stone flakes so humans are 'not unique' after all

NGC 5128: Mysterious cosmic objects erupting in X-rays discovered

Bushmeat hunting threatens mammal populations and ecosystems, poses food security threat

Chinese astronauts enter space station following docking

Possible miscarriage gene found: study

Tasmanian devil fights back against face cancer: study

Laos' Plain of Jars recreated in virtual reality

Non-toxic, high-quality surface treatment for organic field-effect transistors

Today's self-taught typists almost as fast as touch typists—as long as they can see the keyboard

5,000 years ago, rodents were apparently considered food in part of Europe

Food-poisoning bacteria may be behind Crohn's disease

Traditional keyboard sounds can be decoded, compromising privacy

Childrens' decision making—Rules of thumb are learned with time

Micro-balloons could reveal how the small intestine adapts to dietary load

Astronomy & Space news

	X-ray point source discovered at the center of a distant dwarf galaxy Henize 2-10 (Phys.org)—NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory has helped astronomers to uncover a previously unidentified X-ray point source at the massive black hole in the center of a distant compact starburst galaxy known as Henize 2-10. The findings are available in a paper published Oct. 5 on the arXiv pre-print server.
	NGC 5128: Mysterious cosmic objects erupting in X-rays discovered This image shows the location of a remarkable source that dramatically flares in X-rays unlike any ever seen. Along with another similar source found in a different galaxy, these objects may represent an entirely new phenomenon, as reported in our latest press release.
	Chinese astronauts enter space station following docking A pair of Chinese astronauts entered the country's orbiting space station for a month-long stay early Wednesday, as China's sixth and longest crewed mission gets underway in earnest.
	Two Russians, one American blast off to ISS Two Russian cosmonauts and a NASA astronaut soared into orbit in a Soyuz spacecraft Wednesday at the start of a two-day journey to the International Space Station.
	Deep-space images show violent wind collision in one of the heaviest stars in our galaxy A revolutionary study involving researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Radioastronomy (MPIfR) in Germany, Trinity College Dublin in Ireland, and NASA in the USA, has obtained the sharpest ever images of one of the heaviest stars in our Galaxy. The images show Eta Carinae and its violent collision of winds in stunning detail, providing new information on how stars evolve and die.
	MAVEN mission observes ups and downs of water escape from Mars After investigating the upper atmosphere of the Red Planet for a full Martian year, NASA's MAVEN mission has determined that the escaping water does not always go gently into space.
	First Pluto, now this: Discovery of first binary-binary calls solar system formation into question Everything we know about the formation of solar systems might be wrong, says University of Florida astronomy professor Jian Ge and his postdoc, Bo Ma. They've discovered the first "binary–binary" – two massive companions around one star in a close binary system, one so-called giant planet and one brown dwarf, or "failed star" The first, called MARVELS-7a, is 12 times the mass of Jupiter, while the second, MARVELS-7b, has 57 times the mass of Jupiter.
	Anxious wait for news of Mars lander's fate Ground controllers on Wednesday celebrated placing a European-Russian robot explorer in Mars' orbit, but faced an anxious wait for news of the tiny lander it had despatched to the Red Planet's surface.
	Curious tilt of the sun traced to undiscovered planet Planet Nine—the undiscovered planet at the edge of the Solar System that was predicted by the work of Caltech's Konstantin Batygin and Mike Brown in January 2016—appears to be responsible for the unusual tilt of the sun, according to a new study.
	Juno spacecraft in safe mode for latest Jupiter flyby NASA's Juno spacecraft entered safe mode Tuesday, Oct. 18 at about 10:47 p.m. PDT (Oct. 19 at 1:47 a.m. EDT). Early indications are a software performance monitor induced a reboot of the spacecraft's onboard computer. The spacecraft acted as expected during the transition into safe mode, restarted successfully and is healthy. High-rate data has been restored, and the spacecraft is conducting flight software diagnostics. All instruments are off, and the planned science data collection for today's close flyby of Jupiter (perijove 2), did not occur.
	More evidence for ninth planet roaming solar system's outer fringes As the search for a hypothetical, unseen planet far, far beyond Neptune's orbit continues, research by a team of the University of Arizona provides additional support for the possible existence of such a world and narrows the range of its parameters and location.
	Astrophysicists create most detailed map of the Milky Way Australian scientists have worked with researchers in Germany to create the most detailed map of the Milky Way, using the world's largest radio telescopes.
	Robot explorers all set for Mars quest: ESA (Update) Europe will send a tiny lander on a scorching, supersonic tumble to Mars Wednesday as part of an ambitious quest with Russia to find evidence of life on the Red Planet, past or present.
	Experimental European Mars probe set for landing on Mars (Update) The European Space Agency planned to land an experimental probe on Mars Wednesday as part of an international mission to analyze the red planet's atmosphere and hunt for signs of life.
	Did LIGO detect black holes or gravastars? After the first direct detection of gravitational waves that was announced last February by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and made news all over the world, Luciano Rezzolla (Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany) and Cecilia Chirenti (Federal University of ABC in Santo André, Brazil) set out to test whether the observed signal could have been a gravastar or not. The results were recently resented in a paper published on Physical Review D.
	Europe awaits news of Mars lander's fate Mission controllers anxiously awaited confirmation Wednesday that a tiny European craft had landed on Mars as part of an ambitious quest with Russia to find evidence of life on the Red Planet.
	Mars probe enters atmosphere; word on landing awaited The European Space Agency's experimental Schiaparelli probe entered the atmosphere of Mars on Wednesday, and scientists awaited confirmation that the craft had touched down safely. Its mother ship, which will analyze the atmosphere, went into orbit around the red planet.
	Euro-Russian craft enters Mars orbit, but lander's fate unknown Europe and Russia celebrated placing a robot explorer into Mars orbit on Wednesday, but ground controllers faced an anxious night searching for the tiny lander it had despatched to the Red Planet's surface.
	Image: Proba-V captures desert irrigation ESA's Proba-V minisatellite gives a false-colour view of circular fields fed by underground water resource in the mist of the desert.
	Facts behind Europe and Russia's ExoMars mission Europe hopes to land a tiny craft on Mars Wednesday, a key step in its joint ExoMars project with Russia to search for life on the Red Planet.
	UMass Amherst leads international astronomical camera project New discoveries in star formation, galaxy cluster physics, ultra-deep galactic exploration and magnetic field surveys of the universe are coming soon, say a team of astronomers led by Grant Wilson at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who are building the next-generation, most sensitive millimeter-wavelength polarimetric camera on Earth for studying the heavens.
Divisive bid to build telescope in Hawaii faces new hearing A $1.4 billion project to build one of the world's largest telescopes is up against intense protests by Native Hawaiians and others who say building it on the Big Island's Mauna Kea mountain will desecrate sacred land.

Technology news

	Today's self-taught typists almost as fast as touch typists—as long as they can see the keyboard These days, due to the spread of computers, tablets and smart phones, almost everybody types. But most modern-day typists are self-taught and have adopted "nonstandard" styles that are much different from the "touch typing" taught in typing classes.
	Traditional keyboard sounds can be decoded, compromising privacy If you type on your desktop or laptop computer's keyboard while participating in a Skype call, you could be vulnerable to electronic eavesdropping, according to researchers at the University of California, Irvine and in Italy.
	Misfit to run with analog swag in upcoming Phase (Tech Xplore)—What, me wear a teensy phone on my wrist? A screaming touchscreen fitness band on my wrist?
	Netflix boosts tech shares as US stocks rise Technology shares led US stocks higher Tuesday after Netflix surged on strong subscriber growth and Google parent Alphabet hit an all-time high as its new Pixel phone garnered positive reviews.
	Underwater drone to investigate sonar contacts in MH370 hunt A ship involved with the deep-sea sonar search for missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 is being fitted with a drone that will examine several sonar contacts of interest on the remote seabed west of Australia, officials said Wednesday.
	Want a self-driving car? California considers public use California regulators asked members of the public Wednesday what they thought about proposed regulations that would—eventually—allow self-driving cars that lack a steering wheel or pedals on public roads.
	System predicts how tall structures respond to vibrations, may help monitor stress over time When a truck rumbles by a building, vibrations can travel up to the structure's roof and down again, generating transient tremors through the intervening floors and beams.
	What went wrong with Pokémon Go? Three lessons from its plummeting player numbers Pokémon Go is in rapid decline. Since launching in July and soaring in popularity, it had lost at least a third of its daily users by the middle of August. By mid-September, daily revenues had fallen from US$16m per day to US$2m (excluding the 30% app store fee) and daily downloads had declined from a peak of 27 million to 700,000.
	Online sharing a treasure trove for snoops They show what we like, reveal who we've been with and flag where we are going.
	Improved method to deliver coolant to turbine blades, make engines more efficient A Purdue technology being developed could provide a more effective way to efficiently deliver coolant to turbine blades in gas turbine engines, one of the most widely used power-generating technologies. The innovation could potentially make engines on a global scale more efficient, safer and environmentally friendlier.
	Sights set on record-breaking transmission speed Work is at fever pitch at the Microwave Electronics Laboratory at MC2. Their goal? To find solutions for high-speed wireless communication. "We're aiming for record speed in the field," says Professor Herbert Zirath, head of the research team.
	Something good could actually come from Samsung's battery disaster Most accidents caused by smartphones are caused by distracted drivers or pedestrians. But a phone that bursts into flames – as Samsung's Galaxy Note 7s have been doing – comes with the scariness of uncertainty, especially when these fires take place in airplane cabins.
	Germany approves controversial nuclear waste deal Germany on Wednesday paved the way for nuclear power plant operators to pay 23.5 billion euros towards managing atomic waste, in a deal critics say lets firms get off too lightly.
	New mobile robot to support agri-tech experiments in the field Scientists at the University of Lincoln, UK, have taken delivery of an advanced new mobile robot to support agri-tech experiments at the University's agricultural field station.
Biomass heating could get a 'green' boost with the help of fungi In colder weather, people have long been warming up around campfires and woodstoves. Lately, this idea of burning wood or other biomass for heat has surged in popularity as an alternative to using fossil fuels. Now, in the journal ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, scientists report a step toward a "greener" way to generate heat with biomass. Rather than burning it, which releases pollutants, they let fungi break it down to release heat.
Researchers discover clues for identifying Yik Yak users on college campuses Experiments by researchers at the NYU Tandon School of Engineering and NYU Shanghai have successfully cracked the veil of anonymity in Yik Yak, an ostensibly anonymous social media application.
	Amazon ropes in streaming holdout Garth Brooks Amazon's new streaming service on Wednesday announced an exclusive deal with country superstar Garth Brooks, the top-selling artist to have resisted the fast-growing music format.
	T-Mobile fined $48M over slowing 'unlimited' data plans T-Mobile, the country's No. 3 wireless carrier, will pay $48 million for not clearly telling customers how "unlimited" data plans weren't really, well, unlimited.
Regulators looking to strengthen banks' cyber defenses Federal regulators are looking to set up new standards for big banks' planning and testing for possible cyberattacks. The aim is to bolster the banking industry's defenses amid concern over periodic security breaches at U.S. banks.
	Stephen Hawking opens British artificial intelligence hub (Update) Professor Stephen Hawking on Wednesday opened a new artificial intelligence research centre at Britain's Cambridge University.
	Facebook now lets you buy food, movie tickets on site Facebook will now allow Americans to order a meal, buy movie tickets or make an appointment at the hairdresser without having to leave the social networking site.
Czechs arrest Russian hacker sought by United States (Update) Czech police have arrested a Russian hacker suspected of cyberattacks in the United States, officials said on Wednesday.
Yahoo asks gov't to clear up email-surveillance reports Yahoo is asking the government to clear the air regarding reports that it scanned incoming user email for the feds.
	Fujitsu bolsters blockchain security technology Fujitsu Laboratories has developed blockchain-based security technologies to safely and securely handle confidential data between multiple organizations. The most prominent characteristic of a blockchain is that it provides information sharing with high transparency and reliability, without management by a specific trusted organization.
	How can the smart effect help build human-robot trust? Strategic messaging that precedes human-robot interaction can help build the trust needed for effective human-robot communication and positive interaction outcomes, according to a study published in Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking.
	China's LeEco sets out to shake up US consumer tech market Most U.S. consumers haven't heard of LeEco, but the Chinese technology company is setting out to become a household name with smartphones and flat-screen TVs that undercut the prices of Apple, Google, Samsung and other industry stalwarts.

Medicine & Health news

	Possible miscarriage gene found: study Scientists said Wednesday they had linked mutations in a specific gene with an increased risk of recurrent miscarriages, offering hopes of better diagnosis and treatment for affected women.
	Food-poisoning bacteria may be behind Crohn's disease People who retain a particular bacterium in their gut after a bout of food poisoning may be at an increased risk of developing Crohn's disease later in life, according to a new study led by researchers at McMaster University.
	Childrens' decision making—Rules of thumb are learned with time Children as young as nine years old use rules of thumb systematically when making decisions. But they are not as good as older children at telling when it is helpful to do so. Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development and the University of California, Berkeley, have investigated decision-making behavior in children and adolescents. Their findings have been published in Developmental Psychology.
	Micro-balloons could reveal how the small intestine adapts to dietary load Our small intestine, among other organs, is malleable; it changes in size depending on how much we are eating. The question has been how the body regulates that growth.
	Protein linked to Alzheimer's may also play a role in schizophrenia A specific protein implicated in the cognitive decline of Alzheimer's disease also appears to play a role in genetic predisposition to schizophrenia, meaning that a drug that targets that protein could treat a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, according to a new study published October 18 in the journal Molecular Psychiatry.
	Signaling pathway could be key to improved osteoporosis treatment A molecular signaling pathway identified by an international research team could be the basis of improved treatment for osteoporosis. In their report published in the online journal Nature Communications, the investigators describe how suppressing the activity of a specific enzyme not only increased bone formation in mice but also reduced levels of the cells responsible for bone breakdown. While one currently available treatment - injections of a fragment of parathyroid hormone (PTH) - can stimulate bone formation, it also stimulates the resorption of bone.
Study determines key differences between allergic and non-allergic dust mite proteins Scientists from the National Institutes of Health have determined what differentiates dust mite allergens from the non-allergen proteins dust mites produce. According to the researchers, dust mite allergens are more chemically stable and produced in larger quantities than other dust mite proteins.
	Scientists link single gene to some cases of autism spectrum disorder Scientists have linked mutations in a single gene to autism in people who have a rare tumor syndrome typically diagnosed in childhood.
	Our most common infection-fighting white blood cells can be hijacked to support cancer spread We think of the human immune system—for good reason—as our indispensable ally, our first line of defense against all kinds of invaders, including ones that can kill us if left unchecked. Yet in certain circumstances, cancer cells can turn the tables and make an enemy of our ally.
	Scientists find new genetic roots of schizophrenia UCLA scientists have made a major advance in understanding the biology of schizophrenia. Using a recently developed technology for analyzing DNA, the scientists found dozens of genes and two major biological pathways that are likely involved in the development of the disorder but had not been uncovered in previous genetic studies of schizophrenia. The work provides important new information about how schizophrenia originates and points the way to more detailed studies—and possibly better treatments in the future.
First glimpse of end-of chromosome repair in real time Researchers have developed a first-of-its- kind system to observe repair to broken DNA in newly synthesized telomeres, an effort which has implications for designing new cancer drugs.
	A vitamin could help treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy Duchenne is the most common and severe form of muscular dystrophy. Because of this genetic disease, one out of every 3,500 children spends their 12th birthday in a wheelchair. This disorder progressively leads to general paralysis, and most patients die of respiratory failure. The disease is caused by a genetic mutation that prevents a protein required to keep muscle cells intact from being produced. While most research focuses on repairing the defective gene, researchers at EPFL have come up with a different strategy. As part of their work on nutrition and aging, they discovered that large doses of a vitamin called nicotinamide riboside were remarkably effective in countering the progress of the disease in animals. Their work has been published in Science Translational Medicine.
	Overcoming egocentricity increases self-control Neurobiological models of self-control usually focus on brain mechanisms involved in impulse control and emotion regulation. Recent research at the University of Zurich shows that the mechanism for overcoming egocentricity also facilitates self-control. This opens up new possibilities for therapeutic interventions.
	Does a cancer cell's shape hint at its danger? Doctors can sometimes use a cancer cell's genetics to predict how it will act - how dangerous it is and thus what treatments should be used against it. Now a paper published in the journal Integrative Biology shows that a cancer cell's shape may offer similar clues. Eventually, the researchers from Colorado State University hope that their measurements of cell shape could be combined with genomic data to offer a more precise prognosis and guide strategies for treating a patient's disease.
Severe lead poisoning in children: Causes and risk factors Although national and local policies have reduced the prevalence of lead poisoning in the United States, severe cases still occur. Whereas, exposures at blood lead levels (BLLs) as low as 5 μg/dL have been associated with long-term irreversible cognitive deficits, more severe exposures at BLLs ?45 μg/dL can result in organ damage and death. In a new study scheduled for publication in The Journal of Pediatrics, researchers identified sources of exposure and assessed outcomes for children with severe lead poisoning.
	Toothpaste significantly reduces dental plaque and inflammation throughout the body For decades, research has suggested a link between oral health and inflammatory diseases affecting the entire body—in particular, heart attacks and strokes.
Deadly intestinal disease in preemies may be caused by genetic deficiency A life-threatening condition that causes the intestines in premature infants to become infected and die may be triggered by a disruption in the way the body metabolizes energy, according to Rutgers scientists.
Researchers perform large genome-wide analysis of multiple sclerosis In a large-scale, genome-wide analysis of more than 110,000 samples, a worldwide consortium of scientists has identified 200 genetic loci associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease in which a person's immune system attacks the brain and spine, disrupting signaling between the brain and the body. Their findings were presented in a featured plenary session at the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) 2016 Annual Meeting in Vancouver, B.C.
More support needed for nurses facing mistreatment at work New research suggests that nurses need more help dealing with disrespectful behaviour from colleagues if patient care is to be maintained.
Study looks at ADHD treatment in teens at risk for bipolar disorder A study at the University of Cincinnati (UC) will look at brain changes in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, known as ADHD, before and after treatment with medication.
	The slow climb from innovation to cure—treating anaemia with gene editing The ability to precisely edit DNA via CRISPR technology has emerged as the one of the most powerful advances in biology. A new paper showing repair of a genetic mutation in human blood cells represents an important step towards treating the common, debilitating and expensive-to-treat blood disease known as sickle cell anaemia.
Genomic testing could speed research on skin disease and bring new drugs to patients faster In an ideal world, the newest and most effective drugs for chronic inflammatory conditions would immediately help everyone who took them. Unfortunately, in the real world, it can take several months to determine whether a given patient will respond to one of these medications, which target specific components of the immune system.
	What do we know about marijuana's medical benefits? Two experts explain the evidence Currently 25 states and the District of Columbia have medical cannabis programs. On Nov. 8, Arkansas, Florida and North Dakota will vote on medical cannabis ballot initiatives, while Montana will vote on repealing limitations in its existing law.
Concussions are treatable, more research needed, say experts Concussions, often viewed by the public as dire and perplexing, can be effectively treated despite their complexity, according to experts from around the U.S. in a Statement of Agreement available online and published in the December issue of the journal Neurosurgery.
	Kinky, curly hair—a tool of resistance across the African diaspora Across the African diaspora, stigmatising kinky and curly hair was a central way that European colonisers and slave-owners subjugated black people.
	Arch-filled insoles for diabetic patients could be adversely affecting balance Insoles with arch fills designed to prevent diabetic foot ulcers could be having an adverse impact on postural stability, according to new research led by Plymouth University.
	A major challenge for young heart attack patients—affordable healthcare In the year following a heart attack, financial barriers to healthcare are linked to worse health outcomes in young women and young men, according to a new study by Yale School of Medicine researchers published in the current issue of the Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).
	Bowel cancer patients without emotional support three times more likely to experience clinical depression Many bowel cancer patients are experiencing a lack of affection, emotional and practical support after surgery, according to new research by the University of Southampton and Macmillan Cancer Support, released today at the International Psycho Oncology Society Congress. Those lacking emotional support are almost three times more likely to have clinical depression.
	New treatment for common nail infection Researchers at the University of Southampton are trialling a new treatment for fungal nail infections, which may revolutionise the treatment of this common problem.
Tweaking the immune response might be a key to combat neurodegeneration Study suggests zebrafish might teach us how to tackle Alzheimer's disease: Patients with Alzheimer's or other neurodegenerative diseases progressively loose neurons yet cannot build new ones. However, modulating the immune response might help the human brain to better cope with such conditions and regenerate. The research group led by Caghan Kizil at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) in Dresden report on these findings in the journal Cell Reports. Their conclusions are based on studying zebrafish, an organism well-known for its ability to counteract neuronal damage by regenerating lost cells.
	How many genes does it take to make a person? We humans like to think of ourselves as on the top of the heap compared to all the other living things on our planet. Life has evolved over three billion years from simple one-celled creatures through to multicellular plants and animals coming in all shapes and sizes and abilities. In addition to growing ecological complexity, over the history of life we've also seen the evolution of intelligence, complex societies and technological invention, until we arrive today at people flying around the world at 35,000 feet discussing the in-flight movie.
How to avoid runner's toe For seasoned runners, being prepared from head to toe is key to success, so when they lose their toenails due to a common ailment known as runner's toe, it can be an impediment to their routine. According to a podiatrist at Baylor College of Medicine, there are some prevention methods that runners can take to help avoid toenail loss.
Researchers collaborate to develop bird's eye view of rural community health A network of health and demographic surveillance sites will enable understanding of how poverty, inequality and unemployment impacts rural South Africans.
Reshaping the future of global clinical trials practice Researchers at the University of Liverpool have developed a new international guideline to help standardise how results from clinical trial studies are reported.
	Cheese: a matter of love or hate Until now, the reason why some people hate cheese has been a mystery. Researchers at the Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon and the Laboratoire Neuroscience Paris Seine (CNRS/INSERM/UPMC) have just elucidated it. Their results are published online on the Frontiers in Human Neuroscience website.
	Going for a run could improve cramming for exams Ever worried that all the information you've crammed in during a study session might not stay in your memory? The answer might be going for a run, according to a new study published in Cognitive Systems Research.
	Scientists find no link between appetite and calorie intake A new study has revealed there is no link between how hungry we feel and the amount of calories we consume.
	Does it matter how long you sit—if you are fit? More and more studies confirm that sitting is bad for our health, increasing the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease and other lifestyle-related illnesses such as diabetes. Some studies have estimated that being sedentary kills as many people as smoking.
	New hope for recovery of hand movement for stroke patients Stroke patients are starting a trial of a new electronic device to recover movement and control of their hand.
	Are hot flashes genetic? First-of-its-kind study finds gene variant linked to the symptom in menopausal women Most women experience hot flashes and night sweats either before or during menopause, but a significant minority don't have these symptoms. Could our genes be a factor in determining which women get hot flashes?
Shorter-time between bariatric surgery and childbirth associated with increased risk of complication Infants who were born less than two years after a mother's bariatric surgery had higher risks for prematurity, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and small for gestational age status compared with longer intervals between bariatric surgery and childbirth, according to a study published online by JAMA Surgery.
Drinking an ice slurry/water mix helps body cope with exertion in hot weather New research from the University of Montana demonstrates a unique relationship between fluid volume and fluid temperature during arduous work in the heat. The study, published in Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, indicated that an ice slurry/water mixture was as effective as ambient water even when consumed in half the quantity. Investigators also emphasized the importance of rest.
	No uptick in marijuana use by adolescents after states pass medical marijuana laws Adults over the age of 25 increased their use of marijuana after their home states made changes to medical marijuana laws, according to new research by scientists at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health. However, there was no difference in the prevalence of marijuana use reported for 12 to 17 or 18 to 25 year-olds after the laws passed. The findings are published online in the journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence.
The unseen cancer crisis: Alarming disparities found across Appalachia Rural Appalachia has gone from having the lowest cancer death rate in the country to the highest—and that's just part of a growing cancer crisis in the region, new research from the University of Virginia School of Medicine suggests. Rural Appalachia has seen disturbing trends across the continuum of cancer care, from screening to diagnosis to treatment, survival and mortality, even as the rest of the country makes major strides in the battle against the disease.
Carbone clinical trials test dietary therapy for triple-negative breast cancer A new clinical trial for women with clinically aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) will test a novel theory: Will a diet low in an essential nutrient make TNBC cells more vulnerable to cell killing by a new cancer drug?
	Preteens need only 2 HPV shots—not 3, panel says It may soon be easier for preteens to get the vaccine against cervical cancer. A government panel is recommending they get fewer shots spaced further apart.
Researchers assess impact of exome sequencing on newborns and their families Early results from the BabySeq Project, a Boston-based study exploring the impact of whole-exome sequencing (WES) on newborn infants and their families, suggest some utility in genetically sequencing these infants and offer new insights into parental attitudes toward the procedure and results. Findings were presented at the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) 2016 Annual Meeting in Vancouver, B.C.
	Study finds whole grain diet reduces cardiovascular disease risk A team of Cleveland Clinic researchers, in collaboration with Nestle Research Center, conducted one of the largest controlled studies of its kind on whole grains and concluded that a diet rich in whole grains may significantly lower the risk of cardiovascular disease in overweight and obese adults under the age of 50.
Digestive byproduct may predict greater risk of death among PAD patients Patients with high blood levels of a digestive byproduct and narrowing of the arteries away from the heart (peripheral artery disease or PAD) were significantly more likely to die within five years than PAD patients with lower levels, according to new research in Journal of the American Heart Association, the Open Access Journal of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.
	Exercise may help ward off memory decline Exercise may be associated with a small benefit for elderly people who already have memory and thinking problems, according to new research published in the October 19, 2016, online issue of Neurology, a medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
	Researchers explore how Zika infection causes microcephaly Infection with Zika virus disrupts fetal brain development by interfering with the proliferation of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), a type of cell that drives neurodevelopment and proliferates into brain and nervous system cells, according to research presented at the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) 2016 Annual Meeting in Vancouver, B.C.
Three sex-spread diseases hit another record high, CDC says Infections from three sexually spread diseases have hit another record high.
	Abuse of some prescription drugs can be risk for college sexual assaults, regretted sex Numerous studies have found that heavy alcohol use—by the victim and/or perpetrator—is a factor in more than half of sexual assaults on college campuses. Now, research from the University at Buffalo Research Institute on Addictions has found the abuse of prescription drugs by college students also can play a role in negative sexual events such as sexual assault and regretted sex.
Caloric restriction can be beneficial to the brain, study shows Studies of different animal species suggest a link between eating less and living longer, but the molecular mechanisms by which caloric restriction affords protection against disease and extends longevity are not well understood.
Study finds link between childhood cancer and poor dietary quality in adulthood Survivors of childhood cancer have poor adherence to federal dietary guidelines in adulthood, a new study finds. Diets lacking essential nutrients may exacerbate the chronic disease burden in a group already at an elevated risk for developing new conditions.
	Neurodevelopmental model of Zika may provide rapid answers A newly published study from researchers working in collaboration with the Regenerative Bioscience Center at the University of Georgia demonstrates fetal death and brain damage in early chick embryos similar to microcephaly—a rare birth defect linked to the Zika virus, now alarming health experts worldwide.
	Neu5Gc in red meat and organs may pose a significant health hazard Neu5Gc, a non-human sialic acid sugar molecule common in red meat that increases the risk of tumor formation in humans, is also prevalent in pig organs, with concentrations increasing as the organs are cooked, a study by researchers from the UC Davis School of Medicine and Xiamen University School of Medicine has found.
Modified natural cycle IVF more cost-effective and affordable than traditional IVF Researchers at University of Southern California (USC) Fertility at Keck Medicine of USC have determined that modified natural cycle in-vitro fertilization (IVF) is a more cost-effective fertility method than controlled ovarian stimulation and traditional IVF. Depending on the treatment strategy, modified natural cycle IVF could save up to $7,000 over conventional IVF for each live birth. This provides hope to women and couples who would normally be deterred by the high up-front costs of the more widely used treatments. The findings were presented today at the American Society for Reproductive Medicine 2016 Scientific Congress.
	Sleep can affect male fertility (HealthDay)—Sleeping too little or too much can affect a man's ability to impregnate his partner, new research suggests.
	Marijuana may blunt bone health (HealthDay)—Marijuana may be bad to the bone, a new Scottish study suggests.
	For overheated viewers of presidential race: 'De-escalate first' (HealthDay)—The bitter U.S. presidential race has led to heated arguments among many Americans, and tonight's third and final debate will likely fuel more stress.
New treatment approved for soft-tissue cancers (HealthDay)—Lartruvo (olaratumab) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat adults with certain soft-tissue sarcomas, cancers that develop in areas such as the muscles, fat, blood vessels and tendons.
	Researchers find antidepressant bupropion crosses placenta (HealthDay)—In pregnant women taking the antidepressant bupropion, the drug and its active metabolites cross the placenta to the fetal circulation, according to a study published in the October issue of the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.
	Treated diabetic retinopathy rare in children with T1DM (HealthDay)—Treated diabetic retinopathy (DR) is extremely rare among children with type 1 diabetes, according to research published online Oct. 7 in Diabetes Care.
	Considerable absenteeism costs for chronic disease, risk factors (HealthDay)—Considerable costs are associated with absenteeism related to chronic diseases and health risk factors, according to a study published in the Oct. 6 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Preventing Chronic Disease.
	Certain factors predict repeat ER visits for ureteral stones (HealthDay)—Among patients with ureteral stones, those who are younger, have proximal stones, and require intravenous narcotics for pain control are more likely to return to the emergency department within 30 days, according to a study published in the November issue of The Journal of Urology.
	CDC urges dental sealants for all low-income children (HealthDay)—Treatments that seal a child's back teeth can prevent most cavities, but many children—particularly those living in poverty—don't get them, according to research published in the Oct. 18 early-release issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
Removal of lobe instead of total thyroid may benefit papillary thyroid cancer patients Most Americans with thyroid cancer have an operation to remove the thyroid gland, but those with a smaller, less-threatening form of thyroid cancer may be missing out on a less extensive, less costly, and safer operation that's actually more effective in treating their cancer, according to study results presented at the 2016 Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons.
Experts call for urgent change in the care of young adults with IBD Today, world leading digestive health experts are presenting a pioneering new programme that could have a significant impact on the quality of life of young adults living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Experts believe that the programme could help combat the poor and, in some cases, life-threatening care offered to young IBD patients across Europe.
More than 80 children sickened by food poisoning in Cambodia Officials say more than 80 schoolchildren in Cambodia have fallen ill after eating contaminated food distributed by a local volunteer group.
	Where Zika struck hardest, Brazil moms say more help needed As the sun dyes the early morning sky a reddish hue, Angelica Pereira carries her 1-year-old daughter out of the tiny white house sitting on a dirt road where piles of garbage float in puddles.
	Where is the science of Zika virus control? Zika virus infection is a devastating disease for its association with neurological disorders (Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly). For the last few months Zika virus has spread at a rapid pace over the continent of South America and has now reached the US and Asia (Taiwan and Singapore). The World Health Organization declared Zika a public emergency and special funds from Brazil, Singapore and the US (after months of political battle in the US congress) have been committed to combat the infection and to contain the outbreak.
	62-year-old woman in Spain gives birth to third child A 62-year-old Spanish woman has given birth to a healthy girl and encourages women in their later years to imitate her if they want to.
	Brand-new cochlear implant technology born from frictional electricity DGIST Professor Hongsoo Choi(Department of Robotics Engineering) and his research team developed the world's first artificial basilar membrane that mimics the cochlear function by application of the genetic principle of frictional electricity. The artificial basilar membrane is the crucial to overcome the limits of existing cochlear implant technology. The technology was co-developed by Professor Choi and Professor Jonghoon Chang(Ajou University Hospital).
Research reveals how novel osteoporosis drug increases bone mass Abaloparatide, a selective activator of the parathyroid hormone receptor, has recently been shown to reduce fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Researchers identify breast cancer risk factors for younger, black women Black women under the age of 45 are at increased risk for an aggressive form of breast cancer [estrogen receptor (ER) negative] if they experienced a high number of pregnancies, never breast fed, and/or had higher waist-to-hip ratio. These findings appear in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers, & Prevention.
The silver lining of an inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis Twenty-five percent of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are diagnosed as children or adolescents—at the peak of their social and educational development. Parents of newly diagnosed patients often inquire about the long term consequences of IBD on their child's health and lifestyle.
	Study shows functional effects of human stem cell delivery to heart muscle after heart attack Researchers delivered human stem cells seeded in biological sutures to the damaged heart muscles of rats following induced acute myocardial infarction and assessed the effects on cardiac function one week later. The differences in mechanical function at a local and global level when stem cell seeded sutures were used compared to sutures without stem cells are reported in an article in BioResearch Open Access, a peer-reviewed open access journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. The article is available free on the BioResearch Open Access website.
	Wyss Institute's rapid Zika test named 'Best of What's New' A rapid Zika test, developed by an international, multi-institutional team of researchers led by synthetic biologist James Collins, Ph.D., at Harvard University's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, has today been named a 2016 "Best of What's New" awards winner by Popular Science magazine in the Health category.
AMP explores technology advancements to improve diagnosis and treatment for infectious diseases The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP), the premier global, non-profit organization serving molecular diagnostics professionals, today announced a new report that examines how sophisticated technology advancements are being implemented to improve diagnosis and optimize treatment selection for multiple invasive, opportunistic and often deadly infectious diseases. The manuscript titled "Emerging and Future Applications of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory: A Report of the Association for Molecular Pathology" has been released online ahead of publication in the November 2016 issue of The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics.
High-intensity training in patients with operable NSCLC improved aerobic performance Preoperative high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) improved aerobic performance in patients but failed to reduce early complications after tumor resection.
	Modest gain seen for Obama's last health care sign-up season Facing new challenges to a legacy law, the Obama administration on Wednesday set modest expectations for the president's final health care sign-up season. The biggest worry: rising premiums and dwindling choices.
Haiti sees 800 new cholera cases after hurricane Haiti recorded nearly 800 cases of cholera the week after it was ravaged by Hurricane Matthew, the World Health Organization (WHO) said Wednesday, as health officials grapple to contain the disease.
'Any enrollment, any time': Penn Acute Research Collaboration supports lifesaving research Life-threatening injuries - like those sustained in car crashes, falls, shootings - happen in a flash, and illnesses like cardiac arrests and strokes can strike without warning. These patients are often brought to a hospital outside of standard daytime hours of operation, or in conditions that prevent them and their families from being approached about participating in research exploring new treatments for these critical conditions. To address these gaps in research, on Thursday, Penn Medicine will formally launch the Penn Acute Research Collaboration (PARC), a first-of-its-kind initiative to give a much needed shot of support to research projects in emergency departments, trauma bays, operating rooms, and intensive care units.
Developmental science research sheds new light on the origins of discrimination, social exclusion Experiencing prejudice and discrimination in childhood can have long term consequences, including depression, poor academic performance and negative health outcomes.
Researchers evaluate cost-effectiveness of noninvasive prenatal screening in Quebec Adding non-invasive prenatal genetic screening (NIPS) for fetal chromosomal abnormalities to the current prenatal testing strategy in Quebec would be more cost-effective than current approaches based on blood tests and amniocentesis, according to research presented at the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) 2016 Annual Meeting in Vancouver, B.C.
	Successful infographics: Make them concise and actionable Facebook and Pinterest love infographics. But what makes an infographic effective? A new study published in the American Journal of Health Behavior identified four key features that make infographics memorable and effective in promoting healthy changes.
Love it or hate it? Two Americans dish on Obamacare Some Americans are overjoyed with Obamacare. Others say it is a nightmare.
New review article examines mechanisms behind the functional health properties of vinegar A review article published in Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety summarized the functional properties of grain vinegars and fruit vinegars and compared the functional ingredients, sources, and formation mechanisms of grain and fruit vinegars.

Biology news

	Monkeys are seen making stone flakes so humans are 'not unique' after all Researchers have observed wild-bearded capuchin monkeys in Brazil deliberately break stones, unintentionally creating flakes that share many of the characteristics of those produced by early Stone Age hominins. The difference is that the capuchins' flakes are not intentional tools for cutting and scraping, but seem to be the by-product of hammering or 'percussive behaviour' that the monkeys engage in to extract minerals or lichen from the stones.
	Bushmeat hunting threatens mammal populations and ecosystems, poses food security threat The ongoing decline of more than 300 species of animals is having significant environmental impacts and posing a food security threat for millions of people in Asia, Africa and South America, according to the first global assessment of the hunting and trapping of terrestrial mammals.
	Tasmanian devil fights back against face cancer: study Scientists reported Wednesday the first evidence that the immune systems of wild Tasmanian devils can fight back against the contagious face cancer that has pushed the species to the brink of extinction.
	Study uncovers how cells organize the growth of their structural filaments To take shape, to move and to reproduce, cells need internal scaffolding composed of slender filaments known as microtubules. Before the cell can use microtubules for these and other essential functions, it must first organize them into carefully crafted bundles, which become the basis for three dimensional shapes.
	Scientists get their first look into how bacteria construct a slimy biofilm fortress Princeton researchers have for the first time revealed the mechanics of how bacteria build up slimy masses, called biofilms, cell by cell. When encased in biofilms in the human body, bacteria are a thousand times less susceptible to antibiotics, making certain infections, such as pneumonia, difficult to treat and potentially lethal.
	Research predicts which tropical vagrants will get permanent residency in warming waters Every year the temperate waters off south eastern Australia receive an influx of tropical fish larvae from the Great Barrier Reef. Transported southward by the East Australian Current they are doomed never to reach adulthood. By July, as water temperatures drop, juvenile mortality reaches close to 100 per cent.
	Bacteria 'alarm clock' may cause repeat infections in patients Scientists have discovered a bacteria 'alarm clock' that wakes dormant Salmonella in the body, allowing the bug to trigger a repeat infection.
	Sperm whale clans found to change location in ways similar to humans (Phys.org)—A small team of researchers with members from Dalhousie University, Aarhus University and the University of St. Andrews, has found that sperm whale clans living off the coast of the Galápagos Islands were replaced by two others over the course of a decade. In their paper uploaded to the open access site Royal Society Open Science, the team describes their study of the whales, what they learned and why they believe the behavior they observed suggests the whale clans have a form of culture.
	How age-related genetic anomalies contribute to the maternal age effect For women in their 30s and beyond, the probability of a pregnancy that results in a miscarriage or a Down syndrome pregnancy is staggering with the risk increasing to 1 in 3 by the time a woman reaches her early 40s due to the "maternal age effect," the high incidence of mistakes in chromosome segregation that occur during the cell division process of meiosis, which gives rise to the egg. Now, in a study just published online in the PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences), Dartmouth researchers have provided the first evidence in an intact living organism that an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within oocytes (the cells that undergo meiosis to form eggs) causes a significant increase in meiotic chromosome segregation errors.
	Algae discovery offers potential for sustainable biofuels James Umen, Ph.D., associate member at Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, and colleagues have discovered a way to make algae better oil producers without sacrificing growth. The findings were published September 6, in a paper titled, "Synergism between inositol polyphosphates and TOR kinase signaling in nutrient sensing, growth control and lipid metabolism in Chlamydomonas," in The Plant Cell. Umen and his team including lead author Inmaculada Couso, Ph.D., and collaborators Bradley Evans Ph.D., director, Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry and Doug Allen, Ph.D., USDA Research Scientist at the Danforth Center identified a mutation in the green alga Chlamydomonas which substantially removes a constraint that is widely observed in micro-algae where the highest yields of oil can only be obtained from starving cultures.
	All yeasts are not created equal Yeast. Great if you want to make bread or wine. Not so hot if it turns up as Candida albicans in large quantities in your body and makes you sick.
	How the African clawed frog got an extra pair of genes The African clawed frog's ancestor inherited one set of chromosomes each from two different species and doubled its whole genome some 18 million years ago, according to an international research consortium led by Japanese and American scientists who sequenced the entire genome of the Xenopus laevis for the first time. Scientists hope that the finding will help our understanding of vertebrate evolution, as the vertebrate genome doubled twice 500 million years ago.
	Azure-winged magpies show human-like generosity Magpies do not always have the best reputation, as they are generally known for their tendency to steal shiny things. Also other bird species tested for prosociality so far turned out to be either indifferent to benefitting others or only provided food when the other repeatedly begged for it.
	Robotic scan for horses could hold promise for human health Veterinarians hope an innovative type of CT scan can advance medical care for horses and possibly be adapted for humans, eliminating the need for people to lie still inside a tube.
	What's best for birds in fire-prone landscapes? Two new papers from The Condor: Ornithological Applications demonstrate the complex challenges involved in balancing the management of fire-prone landscapes with the needs of wildlife in the American West.
	Catch of the day key to sustaining coastal communities Locally caught fish with chips is a delicious highlight for many coastal holiday makers. Now new research shows just how much the local catch means economically and socially for coastal communities.
	The robot eyes have it—cutting-edge tool for koala conservation Local councils are testing a new tool for protecting their vulnerable koala populations – drones equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) and backed by powerful statistical analysis.
	Detection dogs sniff out the droppings of endangered primates Detection dogs – working dogs trained to use their noses to find substances like drugs or explosives – have also found work in wildlife conservation. Such scat-detecting dogs are valuable tools for collecting fecal samples from rare and hard-to-find wild animals.
	Breakthrough on virus infecting rare and endangered parrots Experts estimate less than 30 orange-bellied parrots remain in the wild. Researchers from Charles Sturt University have partnered with scientists from the Australian Synchrotron to reconstruct the outer shell of a beak and feather disease (BFD) virus cell (inset), which is threatening four species of endangered Australian parrots.
	Students develop bacteria cells capable of independently producing a bio-lens Students at TU Delft are using the latest technology to develop bacteria cells that can independently produce a bio-lens. The DNA in the bacteria cells is processed to enable the cells to form a micro-lens independently. The lenses, that can be used for microscopy, for example, also have the potential for making solar cells of the future more efficient. With their bio-lenses, the team of students are hoping for victory at the international student 'iGEM' (International Genetically Engineered Machine) competition held in Boston from 27 to 31 October. In the competition, students attempt to solve problems in society with the aid of synthetic biology.
	Team develops treatment for canine megaesophagus The Veterinary Health Center (VHC) at the University of Missouri's College of Veterinary Medicine is pioneering a new approach to treat one type of canine megaesophagus, a devastating disease of dogs.
	Anthranilic diamides could potentially replace neonicotinoid seed treatments and pyrethroid sprays When used as foliar sprays, neonicotinoids have caused some concern among the general public because—like any pesticide—they can harm bees and other beneficial insects. However, using neonicotinoids as seed treatments minimizes these risks, and has become a commonly used tool for proactively protecting crops from insect damage. These seed treatments have benefits that include relatively low costs, low mammalian toxicity, and reduced worker handling of pesticides.
	Growing industrial hemp in eastern Canada: A new frontier What if there was one crop that could produce a variety of really useful products? Growing this crop would probably seem like a no-brainer. Unless this crop is industrial hemp.
Mapping the elephant ivory trade: New evidence revealed Eastern Africa has been a major source of elephant ivory for millennia, with a sharp increase in trade witnessed during the 19th century fuelled by escalating demand from Europe and North America.
	Population analysis suggests Grauer's gorilla is Critically Endangered Grauer's gorilla, which is confined to the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, is now Critically Endangered, according to a study published October 19, 2016 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Andrew Plumptre from Wildlife Conservation Society, USA, and colleagues.
Researchers: Limits on drilling not enough to protect bird Oil and gas development in the Western U.S. could continue to cause sage grouse numbers to decline despite limits on drilling meant to protect the struggling bird species, according to scientists.
	Cuddles and Kalashnikovs: protecting DR Congo's mountain gorillas A powerful combination of love and guns is helping rebuild an endangered gorilla community in the jungles of war-torn eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
Indian capital's zoo closes over bird flu scare New Delhi zoo has temporarily closed after two birds died of bird flu, its curator said Wednesday, a month after India declared itself free of the disease.
Digital tools for more safety in the food chain When feeds are contaminated with potentially health-damaging substances, such as per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS)/per- and polyfluorinated chemicals (PFC) from the environment, these substances can be transfered into foods such as meat, milk and eggs. Computer-based tools are currently being developed at the BfR with the aim of contributing to faster clarification of the health risks to humans potentially arising from such contaminants.
Seed coating effective on turfgrass under deficit irrigation Environmental factors can challenge the establishment of new turfgrass lawns grown from seed. Slow and nonuniform germination and emergence can result from conditions such as nonoptimal growing temperatures and drought. Turfgrass establishment can also be affected by a lack of water imposed in deficit irrigation conditions. To enhance speed, uniformity, and turfgrass seed germination rate, growers can apply a seedcoating before sowing. These products range from thin films to heavier coatings, and treatments can include macro- and micronutrients, plant growth regulators, protection products, growth stimulants, inoculants, and specialized polymers.
Triploid flowering pears reduce self-sowing Flowering pear trees are popular additions to landscapes across much of the United States. The attractive ornamentals are favored for their abundance of white flowers, showy fall color, broad pest resistance, striking forms, and ability to thrive in the USDA plant hardiness zones 5 to 8. However, in some areas, flowering pears reseed and naturalize prolifically, creating issues that have caused one variety to be listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a "plant invader" in mid-Atlantic natural areas. "Birds eat the fruits and disperse seeds into nearby areas where it commonly naturalizes in old fields and along highways," explained Thomas Ranney, corresponding author of a study in the August 2016 issue of HortScience. Ranney and coauthors Whitney Phillips, Darren Touchell, and Thomas Eaker studied flowering pear hybrids to investigate options for developing infertile cultivars.

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