Wednesday, September 21, 2016

Nature Immunology Contents: October 2016 Volume 17 pp 1129 - 1235

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

October 2016 Volume 17, Issue 10

Meeting Report
News and Views
Research Highlights
Review
Articles
Resources
Corrigenda
Errata
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Meeting Report

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Progress on thymic function from Maui   pp1129 - 1132
Jennifer Cowan and Avinash Bhandoola
doi:10.1038/ni.3555

News and Views

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Cracking the code of skin inflammation with CD1a   pp1133 - 1134
Masayuki Amagai
doi:10.1038/ni.3557
CD1a on Langerhans cells in the epidermis is the lipid receptor for the plant-derived allergen urushiol and self lipids and is a key amplifier of inflammatory responses in urushiol-induced contact dermatitis as well as in psoriasis.

See also: Article by Kim et al.

Dances with cytokines, featuring TFH cells, IL-21, IL-4 and B cells   pp1135 - 1136
Simon Bélanger and Shane Crotty
doi:10.1038/ni.3561
Follicular helper T cells (TFH cells) sequentially acquire the potential to secrete interleukin 21 (IL-21) and IL-4. The shift from secretion of IL-21 to that of IL-4 modifies the nature of the 'help' signals delivered by TFH cells to germinal center (GC) B cells.

See also: Article by Weinstein et al.

Reining in uncontrolled inflammasome with PKA   pp1137 - 1138
Karen V Swanson and Jenny P-Y Ting
doi:10.1038/ni.3556
New findings show that the NLRP3 inflammasome is inactivated by disassembly of the inflammasome mediated by the kinase PKA and that this regulation might be negated in NLRP3-gain-of-function diseases.

See also: Article by Mortimer et al.

R.I.P. dead bacteria, you will not be attacked   pp1138 - 1140
Lorena Tomé-Poderti and Maria-Carla Saleh
doi:10.1038/ni.3562
The Drosophila immune system distinguishes live, and potentially harmful, bacteria from harmless dead bacteria through the use of a splice variant of the receptor PGRP-LC.

See also: Article by Neyen et al.

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Research Highlights

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The survival factor | Macrophage core program | Fueling IgA production | Shaping the healthy repertoire | Neutrophilic tumor suppressors | Germline TCR contributions

Review

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Regulation and function of the cGAS-STING pathway of cytosolic DNA sensing   pp1142 - 1149
Qi Chen, Lijun Sun and Zhijian J Chen
doi:10.1038/ni.3558
In this Review, Chen and colleagues discuss recent advances in understanding of the cGAS-STING pathway, focusing on the regulatory mechanisms and roles of this pathway in heath and disease.

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Articles

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The regulatory isoform rPGRP-LC induces immune resolution via endosomal degradation of receptors   pp1150 - 1158
Claudine Neyen, Christopher Runchel, Fanny Schupfer, Pascal Meier and Bruno Lemaitre
doi:10.1038/ni.3536
The immune system tailors its responses according to the level of threat. Lemaitre and colleagues identify a novel version of the peptidoglycan receptor PGRP-LC and demonstrate that it tunes immune responses to live (threatening) or dead (harmless) bacteria.

See also: News and Views by Tomé-Poderti & Saleh

CD1a on Langerhans cells controls inflammatory skin disease   pp1159 - 1166
Ji Hyung Kim, Yu Hu, Tang Yongqing, Jessica Kim, Victoria A Hughes et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.3523
Human Langerhans cells express CD1a, but those in mice do not, which makes determination of its function on these cells challenging in vivo. Through the use of a transgenic mouse that expresses CD1a, Winau and colleagues demonstrate that Langerhans cells use CD1a to present contact allergens and self lipid antigens and thereby worsen inflammatory skin conditions.

See also: News and Views by Amagai

The lectin Siglec-G inhibits dendritic cell cross-presentation by impairing MHC class I-peptide complex formation   pp1167 - 1175
Yuanyuan Ding, Zhenhong Guo, Yiqi Liu, Xia Li, Qian Zhang et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.3535
CD8α+ DCs are specialized at cross-presentation, but the mechanisms that bestow this ability have not been fully characterized. Cao and colleagues show that the lectin Siglec-G negatively regulates cross-presentation and that its expression is lower in CD8α+ DCs.

NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition is disrupted in a group of auto-inflammatory disease CAPS mutations   pp1176 - 1186
Leanne Mortimer, France Moreau, Justin A MacDonald and Kris Chadee
doi:10.1038/ni.3538
Dysregulated inflammasome activation is associated with auto-inflammatory diseases. Chadee and colleagues show that prostaglandin E2 triggers rapid inhibition of the inflammasome component NLRP3 by the kinase PKA. Patients with the inflammatory disease CAPS who have mutations in NLPR3 escape this negative regulation.

See also: News and Views by Swanson & Ting

CXCR5+ follicular cytotoxic T cells control viral infection in B cell follicles   pp1187 - 1196
Yew Ann Leong, Yaping Chen, Hong Sheng Ong, Di Wu, Kevin Man et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.3543
B cells and follicular helper T cells in B cell follicles can act as important reservoirs for chronic infection by viruses such as HIV or EBV. Yu and colleagues show that a specialized subpopulation of cytotoxic T cells can enter the B cell follicles to eliminate such virus-infected cells.

TFH cells progressively differentiate to regulate the germinal center response   pp1197 - 1205
Jason S Weinstein, Edward I Herman, Begoña Lainez, Paula Licona-Limón, Enric Esplugues et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.3554
Craft and colleagues show that follicular helper T cells progress through transcriptionally and functionally distinct stages that provide specific signals for germinal center regulation.

See also: News and Views by Belanger & Crotty

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Resources

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Foxn1 regulates key target genes essential for T cell development in postnatal thymic epithelial cells   pp1206 - 1215
Saulius Žuklys, Adam Handel, Saule Zhanybekova, Fatima Govani, Marcel Keller et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.3537
Hollander and colleagues provide a map of genes that are direct targets of the transcription factor Foxn1 in thymic epithelial cells and show that Foxn1 controls genes encoding products involved in thymocyte development, antigen processing and thymocyte selection.

Plasma cell differentiation is coupled to division-dependent DNA hypomethylation and gene regulation   pp1216 - 1225
Benjamin G Barwick, Christopher D Scharer, Alexander P R Bally and Jeremy M Boss
doi:10.1038/ni.3519
Boss and colleagues provide mechanistic insight into cell-division-coupled transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming events during plasma cell differentiation.

Defining antigen-specific plasmablast and memory B cell subsets in human blood after viral infection or vaccination   pp1226 - 1234
Ali H Ellebedy, Katherine J L Jackson, Haydn T Kissick, Helder I Nakaya, Carl W Davis et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.3533
Immunologic memory promotes faster and more-efficient responses after re-exposure to pathogens. Ahmed and colleagues characterize a subset of human B cells that arise after vaccination against or exposure to influenza or Ebola virus and contribute to the memory cell pool.

Corrigenda

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Corrigendum: Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Nef suppresses CD40-dependent immunoglobulin class switching in bystander B cells   p1235
Xugang Qiao, Bing He, April Chiu, Daniel M Knowles, Amy Chadburn et al.
doi:10.1038/ni1016-1235a

Corrigendum: Gut microbiome-derived metabolites modulate intestinal epithelial cell damage and mitigate graft-versus-host disease   p1235
Nathan D Mathewson, Robert Jenq, Anna V Mathew, Mark Koenigsknecht, Alan Hanash et al.
doi:10.1038/ni1016-1235b

Errata

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Erratum: CD69 controls the uptake of L-tryptophan through LAT1-CD98 and AhR-dependent secretion of IL-22 in psoriasis   p1235
Danay Cibrian, María Laura Saiz, Hortensia de la Fuente, Raquel Sánchez-Díaz, Olga Moreno-Gonzalo et al.
doi:10.1038/ni1016-1235c

Erratum: Activin A programs the differentiation of human TFH cells   p1235
Michela Locci, Jennifer E Wu, Fortuna Arumemi, Zbigniew Mikulski, Carol Dahlberg et al.
doi:10.1038/ni1016-1235d

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