| | | Brief Communications Arising | | | | A resource for cell line authentication, annotation and quality control
Competing financial interests. The majority of authors are employees of Genentech Inc. and/or hold stock in Roche.
Mamie Yu, Suresh K. Selvaraj, May M. Y. Liang-Chu, Sahar Aghajani, Matthew Busse et al. | Crystal structures of the human adiponectin receptors
The crystal structures of the human adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are solved at 2.9 and 2.4 Å resolution, respectively; the structural and functional information may aid the development and optimization of adiponectin receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity-related diseases.
Hiroaki Tanabe, Yoshifumi Fujii, Miki Okada-Iwabu et al. | Two disparate ligand-binding sites in the human P2Y1 receptor
Two X-ray crystal structures are presented of the human P2Y1 G-protein-coupled receptor, which is an important target for anti-thrombotic drugs; the structures unexpectedly reveal two ligand-binding sites.
Dandan Zhang, Zhan-Guo Gao, Kaihua Zhang et al. | | An ultrafast rechargeable aluminium-ion battery
An aluminium-ion battery is reported that can charge within one minute, and offers improved cycle life compared to previous devices; it operates through the electrochemical deposition and dissolution of aluminium at the anode, and the intercalation/de-intercalation of chloroaluminate anions into a novel graphitic-foam cathode.
Meng-Chang Lin, Ming Gong, Bingan Lu et al. | A Mercury-like component of early Earth yields uranium in the core and high mantle 142Nd
High pressure experiments show that addition of a reduced sulfur-rich body to Earth during its accretion would provide enough energy to power the core’s geodynamo and, by fractionating neodymium relative to samarium, would explain the observed enrichment of Earth’s mantle in neodymium-142.
Anke Wohlers, Bernard J. Wood | Therapy-induced tumour secretomes promote resistance and tumour progression
Tumour cells respond to an effective, targeted drug treatment with BRAF, ALK or EGFR kinase inhibitors by inducing a complex network of secreted signals that promote tumour growth, dissemination and metastasis of drug-resistant cancer cell clones, and increase the survival of drug-sensitive tumour cells, potentially contributing to incomplete tumour regression.
Anna C. Obenauf, Yilong Zou, Andrew L. Ji et al. | A model of breast cancer heterogeneity reveals vascular mimicry as a driver of metastasis
Different clones of a mammary tumour cell line possess differential abilities to contribute to the formation of metastasis; the expression of Serpine2 and Slp1 proteins drives vascular mimicry and metastasis to the lung, with similar associations observed in human data sets, and these proteins also function as anticoagulants, thus further promoting extravasation of tumour cells.
Elvin Wagenblast, Mar Soto, Sara Gutiérrez-Ángel et al. | Thirst driving and suppressing signals encoded by distinct neural populations in the brain
Two genetically distinct populations of neurons in the subfornical organ of mice can either induce thirst and water-seeking behaviour or suppress thirst, regardless of the hydration status of the animal.
Yuki Oka, Mingyu Ye, Charles S. Zuker | Recovery potential of the world's coral reef fishes
A study of the recovery potential of over 800 of the world's coral reefs shows that 83% of fished reefs are missing more than half their expected biomass, with severe consequences for key ecosystem functions; protection from fishing would allow full recovery in 35 years on average, but in 59 years for the most degraded reefs.
M. Aaron MacNeil, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Joshua E. Cinner et al. | The evolutionary history of lethal metastatic prostate cancer
The subclonal composition of human prostate tumours and their metastases has been mapped by whole-genome sequencing, thus establishing the evolutionary trees behind the development and spread of these cancers; an important observation was that metastases could be re-seeded multiple times, and spread from one tumour to another was frequently seen.
Gunes Gundem, Peter Van Loo, Barbara Kremeyer et al. | SHMT2 drives glioma cell survival in ischaemia but imposes a dependence on glycine clearance
Tumours are a low-oxygen environment, in this study glioblastoma cells are found to overexpress the serine hydroxymethyltransferase SHMT2; SHMT acts to reduce oxygen consumption, which confers the tumour cells with a survival advantage.
Dohoon Kim, Brian P. Fiske, Kivanc Birsoy et al. | Nuclear ashes and outflow in the eruptive star Nova Vul 1670
Observations of CK Vulpeculae reveal that it is surrounded by molecular gas and dust whose large mass and chemical composition cannot have come from a nova; the best explanation is that this object is the remnant of the merger of two stars.
Tomasz Kamiński, Karl M. Menten, Romuald Tylenda et al. | Radiation and dual checkpoint blockade activate non-redundant immune mechanisms in cancer
In this study, involving melanoma patients and a mouse model for melanoma, an optimal anti-tumour response was induced by using a combination of radiation with anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-L1 antibody therapies, each attacking the tumour from a different angle.
Christina Twyman-Saint Victor, Andrew J. Rech, Amit Maity et al. | Multistep continuous-flow synthesis of (R)- and (S)-rolipram using heterogeneous catalysts
The continuous-flow synthesis of both enantiomers of a complex molecule, the anti-inflammatory drug rolipram, is described, using only columns packed with achiral and chiral heterogeneous catalysts, thus enabling batch processing to be avoided.
Tetsu Tsubogo, Hidekazu Oyamada, Shū Kobayashi | Icebergs not the trigger for North Atlantic cold events
A delay between surface cooling and the arrival of ice-rafted debris at a site southwest of Iceland over the past four glacial cycles implies that icebergs typically arrived too late to have triggered cooling, although the freshwater derived from melting icebergs may provide a positive feedback for cold stadial conditions.
Stephen Barker, James Chen, Xun Gong et al. | Emotional learning selectively and retroactively strengthens memories for related events
Initially weak episodic memories in humans can be selectively enhanced and consolidated following later emotional learning involving conceptually related information, suggesting a mechanism for how we can remember initially inconsequential information after a relevant later experience.
Joseph E. Dunsmoor, Vishnu P. Murty, Lila Davachi et al. | Theileria parasites secrete a prolyl isomerase to maintain host leukocyte transformation
Parasites of the Theileria genus infect cattle and transform their host cells, a transformation that can be reversed by treatment with the drug buparvaquone; here, a Theileria homologue of the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase PIN1 is shown to be secreted into the host cell, where it promotes transformation and can be directly inhibited by buparvaquone.
J. Marsolier, M. Perichon, J. D. DeBarry et al. | β-Lactam formation by a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase during antibiotic biosynthesis
The monocyclic β-lactam rings of the nocardicin family of antibiotics are biosynthesized by an unprecedented activity of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, a mechanism that is distinct from the pathways to the other classes of β-lactam antibiotics.
Nicole M. Gaudelli, Darcie H. Long, Craig A. Townsend | | | | |
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