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Nature Genetics Contents: April 2015 pp 305 - 423

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

April 2015 Volume 47, Issue 4

Editorial
News and Views
Research Highlights
Analysis
Articles
Letters
Corrigendum
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Editorial

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Cause, correlation, conjecture   p305
doi:10.1038/ng.3271
Attention to accurate representation of claims within a research article together with the evidence and method supporting each claim can expedite peer review. Accurate citation of the claims of others is essential to avoid prematurely closing possibly productive research strategies.

News and Views

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New genomes clarify mimicry evolution   pp306 - 307
James Mallet
doi:10.1038/ng.3260
For over 100 years, it has been known that polymorphic mimicry is often switched by simple mendelian factors, yet the physical nature of these loci had escaped characterization. Now, the genome sequences of two swallowtail butterfly (Papilio) species have enabled the precise identification of a locus underlying mimicry, adding to unprecedented recent discoveries in mimicry genetics.

See also: Letter by Nishikawa et al.

Transcriptional mimicry by tumor-associated stroma   pp307 - 309
Hoon Kim & Roel G W Verhaak
doi:10.1038/ng.3255
Recent molecular classification of colorectal cancer (CRC) has identified a poor-prognosis transcriptional subtype associated with mesenchymal traits. New studies used CRC transcriptomic data to show that tumor-associated stroma mimics the gene signature of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and found no evidence for EMT of colorectal tumor cells.

See also: Analysis by Isella et al. | Article by Calon et al.

Symbiotic plant-fungi interactions stripped down to the root   pp309 - 310
Luca Venturini & Massimo Delledonne
doi:10.1038/ng.3261
Mycorrhizal fungi live in the roots of host plants and are crucial components of all forest ecosystems. A large-scale study of fungal genomics provides new insights into the evolution of mycorrhizae and a deep exploration of mycorrhizal diversity that helps to uncover the molecular and genetic details of fungal symbiotic relationships with plants.

See also: Letter by Kohler et al.

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Research Highlights

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CRISPR screen for metastasis | The two sides of GIGANTEA | Epigenetic evolution of corticogenesis | ALS susceptibility genes | Mouse modeling of Alzheimer's disease

Analysis

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Stromal contribution to the colorectal cancer transcriptome   pp312 - 319
Claudio Isella, Andrea Terrasi, Sara Erika Bellomo, Consalvo Petti, Giovanni Galatola, Andrea Muratore, Alfredo Mellano, Rebecca Senetta, Adele Cassenti, Cristina Sonetto, Giorgio Inghirami, Livio Trusolino, Zsolt Fekete, Mark De Ridder, Paola Cassoni, Guy Storme, Andrea Bertotti & Enzo Medico
doi:10.1038/ng.3224
Claudio Isella and colleagues report an analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC) gene expression data from patient-derived xenografts, which they use to reconcile three commonly used CRC classification systems. They find that the stem/serrated/mesenchymal (SSM) transcriptional subtype of CRC, previously linked to poor prognosis, is driven by stromal cells rather than tumor cells.

See also: News and Views by Kim & Verhaak

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Articles

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Stromal gene expression defines poor-prognosis subtypes in colorectal cancer   pp320 - 329
Alexandre Calon, Enza Lonardo, Antonio Berenguer-Llergo, Elisa Espinet, Xavier Hernando-Momblona, Mar Iglesias, Marta Sevillano, Sergio Palomo-Ponce, Daniele V F Tauriello, Daniel Byrom, Carme Cortina, Clara Morral, Carles Barceló, Sebastien Tosi, Antoni Riera, Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini, David Rossell, Elena Sancho & Eduard Batlle
doi:10.1038/ng.3225
Eduard Batlle and colleagues find that poor-outcome subgroups of colorectal cancer are driven by genes expressed in tumor-associated stromal cells. They show that TGF-β expression is a common feature of poor-prognosis subtypes and demonstrate the use of anti-TGF-β molecules in patient-derived tumoroids and xenografts.

See also: News and Views by Kim & Verhaak

The landscape of somatic mutations in infant MLL-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemias   pp330 - 337
Anna K Andersson, Jing Ma, Jianmin Wang, Xiang Chen, Amanda Larson Gedman, Jinjun Dang, Joy Nakitandwe, Linda Holmfeldt, Matthew Parker, John Easton, Robert Huether, Richard Kriwacki, Michael Rusch, Gang Wu, Yongjin Li, Heather Mulder, Susana Raimondi, Stanley Pounds, Guolian Kang, Lei Shi, Jared Becksfort, Pankaj Gupta, Debbie Payne-Turner, Bhavin Vadodaria, Kristy Boggs, Donald Yergeau, Jayanthi Manne, Guangchun Song, Michael Edmonson, Panduka Nagahawatte, Lei Wei, Cheng Cheng, Deqing Pei, Rosemary Sutton, Nicola C Venn, Albert Chetcuti, Amanda Rush, Daniel Catchpoole, Jesper Heldrup, Thoas Fioretos, Charles Lu, Li Ding, Ching-Hon Pui, Sheila Shurtleff, Charles G Mullighan, Elaine R Mardis, Richard K Wilson, Tanja A Gruber, Jinghui Zhang, James R Downing & for The St. Jude Children's Research Hospital–Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project
doi:10.1038/ng.3230
Anna Andersson, Tanja Gruber, James Downing and colleagues report a genomic analysis of infant acute lymphoblastic leukemias with MLL rearrangements. They identify recurrent activating mutations in tyrosine kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and RAS pathway genes but find that these mutations were often present in minor subclones and lost at the time of relapse.

Germline gain-of-function mutations in AFF4 cause a developmental syndrome functionally linking the super elongation complex and cohesin   pp338 - 344
Kosuke Izumi, Ryuichiro Nakato, Zhe Zhang, Andrew C Edmondson, Sarah Noon, Matthew C Dulik, Ramakrishnan Rajagopalan, Charles P Venditti, Karen Gripp, Joy Samanich, Elaine H Zackai, Matthew A Deardorff, Dinah Clark, Julian L Allen, Dale Dorsett, Ziva Misulovin, Makiko Komata, Masashige Bando, Maninder Kaur, Yuki Katou, Katsuhiko Shirahige & Ian D Krantz
doi:10.1038/ng.3229
Ian Krantz, Katsuhiko Shirahige and colleagues report the genetic characterization of a new clinical syndrome characterized by cognitive impairment, heart and pulmonary defects, and skeletal dysplasia, among other symptoms. They identify gain-of-function mutations in the super elongation complex gene AFF4 as causing the disorder.

Identification of common genetic variants controlling transcript isoform variation in human whole blood   pp345 - 352
Xiaoling Zhang, Roby Joehanes, Brian H Chen, Tianxiao Huan, Saixia Ying, Peter J Munson, Andrew D Johnson, Daniel Levy & Christopher J O'Donnell
doi:10.1038/ng.3220
Christopher O'Donnell and colleagues report a genome-wide screen for splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs) in 5,257 human blood samples. They identify cis sQTLs affecting mRNA isoform variation for over 2,000 genes, 367 of which are linked to trait-associated GWAS SNPs that overlapped with the sQTLs.

Analyses of allele-specific gene expression in highly divergent mouse crosses identifies pervasive allelic imbalance   pp353 - 360
James J Crowley, Vasyl Zhabotynsky, Wei Sun, Shunping Huang, Isa Kemal Pakatci, Yunjung Kim, Jeremy R Wang, Andrew P Morgan, John D Calaway, David L Aylor, Zaining Yun, Timothy A Bell, Ryan J Buus, Mark E Calaway, John P Didion, Terry J Gooch, Stephanie D Hansen, Nashiya N Robinson, Ginger D Shaw, Jason S Spence, Corey R Quackenbush, Cordelia J Barrick, Randal J Nonneman, Kyungsu Kim, James Xenakis, Yuying Xie, William Valdar, Alan B Lenarcic, Wei Wang, Catherine E Welsh, Chen-Ping Fu, Zhaojun Zhang, James Holt, Zhishan Guo, David W Threadgill, Lisa M Tarantino, Darla R Miller, Fei Zou, Leonard McMillan, Patrick F Sullivan & Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
doi:10.1038/ng.3222
Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena and colleagues generate a 3 × 3 diallel cross of three inbred mouse lines and examine gene expression in multiple tissues. They identify allelic imbalance favoring the expression of the paternal allele across the genome.

A single natural nucleotide mutation alters bacterial pathogen host tropism   pp361 - 366
David Viana, María Comos, Paul R McAdam, Melissa J Ward, Laura Selva, Caitriona M Guinane, Beatriz M González-Muñoz, Anne Tristan, Simon J Foster, J Ross Fitzgerald & José R Penadés
doi:10.1038/ng.3219
José Penadés and colleagues examine host adaptation and specificity for Staphylococcus aureus with analysis of the whole-genome sequences of strains isolated from humans or rabbits. They find that a rabbit-specific clone evolved through a human-to-rabbit host jump, enabled by a single mutation in dltB.

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Letters

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Analysis of the genetic phylogeny of multifocal prostate cancer identifies multiple independent clonal expansions in neoplastic and morphologically normal prostate tissue   pp367 - 372
Colin S Cooper, Rosalind Eeles, David C Wedge, Peter Van Loo, Gunes Gundem, Ludmil B Alexandrov, Barbara Kremeyer, Adam Butler, Andrew G Lynch, Niedzica Camacho, Charlie E Massie, Jonathan Kay, Hayley J Luxton, Sandra Edwards, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Nening Dennis, Sue Merson, Daniel Leongamornlert, Jorge Zamora, Cathy Corbishley, Sarah Thomas, Serena Nik-Zainal, Sarah O'Meara, Lucy Matthews, Jeremy Clark, Rachel Hurst, Richard Mithen, Robert G Bristow, Paul C Boutros, Michael Fraser, Susanna Cooke, Keiran Raine, David Jones, Andrew Menzies, Lucy Stebbings, Jon Hinton, Jon Teague, Stuart McLaren, Laura Mudie, Claire Hardy, Elizabeth Anderson, Olivia Joseph, Victoria Goody, Ben Robinson, Mark Maddison, Stephen Gamble, Christopher Greenman, Dan Berney, Steven Hazell, Naomi Livni, the ICGC Prostate Group, Cyril Fisher, Christopher Ogden, Pardeep Kumar, Alan Thompson, Christopher Woodhouse, David Nicol, Erik Mayer, Tim Dudderidge, Nimish C Shah, Vincent Gnanapragasam, Thierry Voet, Peter Campbell, Andrew Futreal, Douglas Easton, Anne Y Warren, Christopher S Foster, Michael R Stratton, Hayley C Whitaker, Ultan McDermott, Daniel S Brewer & David E Neal
doi:10.1038/ng.3221
Colin Cooper and colleagues report genome-wide sequences of multiple samples of multifocal cancer and morphologically normal tissue from the prostates of three men. They found high levels of mutations in morphologically normal tissue distant from the cancer, consistent with field effects.

Genome-wide association analysis of more than 120,000 individuals identifies 15 new susceptibility loci for breast cancer   pp373 - 380
Kyriaki Michailidou, Jonathan Beesley, Sara Lindstrom, Sander Canisius, Joe Dennis, Michael J Lush, Mel J Maranian, Manjeet K Bolla, Qin Wang, Mitul Shah, Barbara J Perkins, Kamila Czene, Mikael Eriksson, Hatef Darabi, Judith S Brand, Stig E Bojesen, Børge G Nordestgaard, Henrik Flyger, Sune F Nielsen, Nazneen Rahman, Clare Turnbull, BOCS, Olivia Fletcher, Julian Peto, Lorna Gibson, Isabel dos-Santos-Silva, Jenny Chang-Claude, Dieter Flesch-Janys, Anja Rudolph, Ursula Eilber, Sabine Behrens, Heli Nevanlinna, Taru A Muranen, Kristiina Aittomäki, Carl Blomqvist, Sofia Khan, Kirsimari Aaltonen, Habibul Ahsan, Muhammad G Kibriya, Alice S Whittemore, Esther M John, Kathleen E Malone, Marilie D Gammon, Regina M Santella, Giske Ursin, Enes Makalic, Daniel F Schmidt, Graham Casey, David J Hunter, Susan M Gapstur, Mia M Gaudet, W Ryan Diver, Christopher A Haiman, Fredrick Schumacher, Brian E Henderson, Loic Le Marchand, Christine D Berg, Stephen J Chanock, Jonine Figueroa, Robert N Hoover, Diether Lambrechts, Patrick Neven, Hans Wildiers, Erik van Limbergen, Marjanka K Schmidt, Annegien Broeks, Senno Verhoef, Sten Cornelissen, Fergus J Couch, Janet E Olson, Emily Hallberg, Celine Vachon, Quinten Waisfisz, Hanne Meijers-Heijboer, Muriel A Adank, Rob B van der Luijt, Jingmei Li, Jianjun Liu, Keith Humphreys, Daehee Kang, Ji-Yeob Choi, Sue K Park, Keun-Young Yoo, Keitaro Matsuo, Hidemi Ito, Hiroji Iwata, Kazuo Tajima, Pascal Guénel, Thérèse Truong, Claire Mulot, Marie Sanchez, Barbara Burwinkel, Frederik Marme, Harald Surowy, Christof Sohn, Anna H Wu, Chiu-chen Tseng, David Van Den Berg, Daniel O Stram, Anna González-Neira, Javier Benitez, M Pilar Zamora, Jose Ignacio Arias Perez, Xiao-Ou Shu, Wei Lu, Yu-Tang Gao, Hui Cai, Angela Cox, Simon S Cross, Malcolm W R Reed, Irene L Andrulis, Julia A Knight, Gord Glendon, Anna Marie Mulligan, Elinor J Sawyer, Ian Tomlinson, Michael J Kerin, Nicola Miller, kConFab Investigators, AOCS Group, Annika Lindblom, Sara Margolin, Soo Hwang Teo, Cheng Har Yip, Nur Aishah Mohd Taib, Gie-Hooi Tan, Maartje J Hooning, Antoinette Hollestelle, John W M Martens, J Margriet Collée, William Blot, Lisa B Signorello, Qiuyin Cai, John L Hopper, Melissa C Southey, Helen Tsimiklis, Carmel Apicella, Chen-Yang Shen, Chia-Ni Hsiung, Pei-Ei Wu, Ming-Feng Hou, Vessela N Kristensen, Silje Nord, Grethe I Grenaker Alnaes, NBCS, Graham G Giles, Roger L Milne, Catriona McLean, Federico Canzian, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Petra Peeters, Eiliv Lund, Malin Sund, Kay-Tee Khaw, Marc J Gunter, Domenico Palli, Lotte Maxild Mortensen, Laure Dossus, Jose-Maria Huerta, Alfons Meindl, Rita K Schmutzler, Christian Sutter, Rongxi Yang, Kenneth Muir, Artitaya Lophatananon, Sarah Stewart-Brown, Pornthep Siriwanarangsan, Mikael Hartman, Hui Miao, Kee Seng Chia, Ching Wan Chan, Peter A Fasching, Alexander Hein, Matthias W Beckmann, Lothar Haeberle, Hermann Brenner, Aida Karina Dieffenbach, Volker Arndt, Christa Stegmaier, Alan Ashworth, Nick Orr, Minouk J Schoemaker, Anthony J Swerdlow, Louise Brinton, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Wei Zheng, Sandra L Halverson, Martha Shrubsole, Jirong Long, Mark S Goldberg, France Labrèche, Martine Dumont, Robert Winqvist, Katri Pylkäs, Arja Jukkola-Vuorinen, Mervi Grip, Hiltrud Brauch, Ute Hamann, Thomas Brüning, GENICA Network, Paolo Radice, Paolo Peterlongo, Siranoush Manoukian, Loris Bernard, Natalia V Bogdanova, Thilo Dörk, Arto Mannermaa, Vesa Kataja, Veli-Matti Kosma, Jaana M Hartikainen, Peter Devilee, Robert A E M Tollenaar, Caroline Seynaeve, Christi J Van Asperen, Anna Jakubowska, Jan Lubinski, Katarzyna Jaworska, Tomasz Huzarski, Suleeporn Sangrajrang, Valerie Gaborieau, Paul Brennan, James McKay, Susan Slager, Amanda E Toland, Christine B Ambrosone, Drakoulis Yannoukakos, Maria Kabisch, Diana Torres, Susan L Neuhausen, Hoda Anton-Culver, Craig Luccarini, Caroline Baynes, Shahana Ahmed, Catherine S Healey, Daniel C Tessier, Daniel Vincent, Francois Bacot, Guillermo Pita, M Rosario Alonso, Nuria Álvarez, Daniel Herrero, Jacques Simard, Paul P D P Pharoah, Peter Kraft, Alison M Dunning, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Per Hall & Douglas F Easton
doi:10.1038/ng.3242
Doug Easton and colleagues report the results of a large-scale genome-wide association study of breast cancer. They discover 15 new susceptibility loci and highlight likely target genes in several of the newly associated regions.

Fine mapping of type 1 diabetes susceptibility loci and evidence for colocalization of causal variants with lymphoid gene enhancers   pp381 - 386
Suna Onengut-Gumuscu, Wei-Min Chen, Oliver Burren, Nick J Cooper, Aaron R Quinlan, Josyf C Mychaleckyj, Emily Farber, Jessica K Bonnie, Michal Szpak, Ellen Schofield, Premanand Achuthan, Hui Guo, Mary D Fortune, Helen Stevens, Neil M Walker, Lucas D Ward, Anshul Kundaje, Manolis Kellis, Mark J Daly, Jeffrey C Barrett, Jason D Cooper, Panos Deloukas, Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium, John A Todd, Chris Wallace, Patrick Concannon & Stephen S Rich
doi:10.1038/ng.3245
Stephen Rich and colleagues report the discovery and fine mapping of type 1 diabetes susceptibility loci using the Immunochip. They also perform comparative analyses with 15 other immune disorders and find evidence of colocalization of causal variants with lymphoid gene enhancers.

A common variant mapping to CACNA1A is associated with susceptibility to exfoliation syndrome   pp387 - 392
Tin Aung, Mineo Ozaki, Takanori Mizoguchi, R Rand Allingham, Zheng Li, Aravind Haripriya, Satoko Nakano, Steffen Uebe, Jeffrey M Harder, Anita S Y Chan, Mei Chin Lee, Kathryn P Burdon, Yury S Astakhov, Khaled K Abu-Amero, Juan C Zenteno, Yildirim Nilgün, Tomasz Zarnowski, Mohammad Pakravan, Leen Abu Safieh, Liyun Jia, Ya Xing Wang, Susan Williams, Daniela Paoli, Patricio G Schlottmann, Lulin Huang, Kar Seng Sim, Jia Nee Foo, Masakazu Nakano, Yoko Ikeda, Rajesh S Kumar, Morio Ueno, Shin-ichi Manabe, Ken Hayashi, Shigeyasu Kazama, Ryuichi Ideta, Yosai Mori, Kazunori Miyata, Kazuhisa Sugiyama, Tomomi Higashide, Etsuo Chihara, Kenji Inoue, Satoshi Ishiko, Akitoshi Yoshida, Masahide Yanagi, Yoshiaki Kiuchi, Makoto Aihara, Tsutomu Ohashi, Toshiya Sakurai, Takako Sugimoto, Hideki Chuman, Fumihiko Matsuda, Kenji Yamashiro, Norimoto Gotoh, Masahiro Miyake, Sergei Y Astakhov, Essam A Osman, Saleh A Al-Obeidan, Ohoud Owaidhah, Leyla Al-Jasim, Sami Al Shahwan, Rhys A Fogarty, Paul Leo, Yaz Yetkin, Çilingir Oğuz, Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi, Afsaneh Nederi Beni, Shahin Yazdani, Evgeny L Akopov, Kai-Yee Toh, Gareth R Howell, Andrew C Orr, Yufen Goh, Wee Yang Meah, Su Qin Peh, Ewa Kosior-Jarecka, Urszula Lukasik, Mandy Krumbiegel, Eranga N Vithana, Tien Yin Wong, Yutao Liu, Allison E Ashley Koch, Pratap Challa, Robyn M Rautenbach, David A Mackey, Alex W Hewitt, Paul Mitchell, Jie Jin Wang, Ari Ziskind, Trevor Carmichael, Rangappa Ramakrishnan, Kalpana Narendran, Rangaraj Venkatesh, Saravanan Vijayan, Peiquan Zhao, Xueyi Chen, Dalia Guadarrama-Vallejo, Ching Yu Cheng, Shamira A Perera, Rahat Husain, Su-Ling Ho, Ulrich-Christoph Welge-Luessen, Christian Mardin, Ursula Schloetzer-Schrehardt, Axel M Hillmer, Stefan Herms, Susanne Moebus, Markus M Nöthen, Nicole Weisschuh, Rohit Shetty, Arkasubhra Ghosh, Yik Ying Teo, Matthew A Brown, Ignacio Lischinsky, Blue Mountains Eye Study GWAS Team, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2, Jonathan G Crowston, Michael Coote, Bowen Zhao, Jinghong Sang, Nihong Zhang, Qisheng You, Vera Vysochinskaya, Panayiota Founti, Anthoula Chatzikyriakidou, Alexandros Lambropoulos, Eleftherios Anastasopoulos, Anne L Coleman, M Roy Wilson, Douglas J Rhee, Jae Hee Kang, Inna May-Bolchakova, Steffen Heegaard, Kazuhiko Mori, Wallace L M Alward, Jost B Jonas, Liang Xu, Jeffrey M Liebmann, Balram Chowbay, Elke Schaeffeler, Matthias Schwab, Fabian Lerner, Ningli Wang, Zhenglin Yang, Paolo Frezzotti, Shigeru Kinoshita, John H Fingert, Masaru Inatani, Kei Tashiro, André Reis, Deepak P Edward, Louis R Pasquale, Toshiaki Kubota, Janey L Wiggs, Francesca Pasutto, Fotis Topouzis, Michael Dubina, Jamie E Craig, Nagahisa Yoshimura, Periasamy Sundaresan, Simon W M John, Robert Ritch, Michael A Hauser & Chiea-Chuen Khor
doi:10.1038/ng.3226
Tin Aung, Chiea-Chuen Khor and colleagues report the results of a genome-wide association study of exfoliation syndrome. They replicate a known association at LOXL1 and identify a previously unreported association at CACNA1A.

De novo loss- or gain-of-function mutations in KCNA2 cause epileptic encephalopathy   pp393 - 399
Steffen Syrbe, Ulrike B S Hedrich, Erik Riesch, Tania Djémié, Stephan Müller, Rikke S Møller, Bridget Maher, Laura Hernandez-Hernandez, Matthis Synofzik, Hande S Caglayan, Mutluay Arslan, José M Serratosa, Michael Nothnagel, Patrick May, Roland Krause, Heidrun Löffler, Katja Detert, Thomas Dorn, Heinrich Vogt, Günter Krämer, Ludger Schöls, Primus E Mullis, Tarja Linnankivi, Anna-Elina Lehesjoki, Katalin Sterbova, Dana C Craiu, Dorota Hoffman-Zacharska, Christian M Korff, Yvonne G Weber, Maja Steinlin, Sabina Gallati, Astrid Bertsche, Matthias K Bernhard, Andreas Merkenschlager, Wieland Kiess, EuroEPINOMICS RES, Michael Gonzalez, Stephan Züchner, Aarno Palotie, Arvid Suls, Peter De Jonghe, Ingo Helbig, Saskia Biskup, Markus Wolff, Snezana Maljevic, Rebecca Schüle, Sanjay M Sisodiya, Sarah Weckhuysen, Holger Lerche & Johannes R Lemke
doi:10.1038/ng.3239
Johannes Lemke, Holger Lerche and colleagues report the identification of de novo mutations in the potassium channel gene KCNA2 in patients with epileptic encephalopathies. The authors confirm in vitro that two mutations cause dominant loss of channel function, whereas the other two mutations induce gain-of-function effects, leading to permanently open channels.

Recombination affects accumulation of damaging and disease-associated mutations in human populations   pp400 - 404
Julie G Hussin, Alan Hodgkinson, Youssef Idaghdour, Jean-Christophe Grenier, Jean-Philippe Goulet, Elias Gbeha, Elodie Hip-Ki & Philip Awadalla
doi:10.1038/ng.3216
Philip Awadalla and colleagues report an analysis of the relationship between recombination and deleterious variation using high-coverage sequence data from over 1,400 individuals. They find that the recombination rate modulates the distribution of putatively deleterious variants across the human genome.

A genetic mechanism for female-limited Batesian mimicry in Papilio butterfly OPEN   pp405 - 409
Hideki Nishikawa, Takuro Iijima, Rei Kajitani, Junichi Yamaguchi, Toshiya Ando, Yutaka Suzuki, Sumio Sugano, Asao Fujiyama, Shunichi Kosugi, Hideki Hirakawa, Satoshi Tabata, Katsuhisa Ozaki, Hiroya Morimoto, Kunio Ihara, Madoka Obara, Hiroshi Hori, Takehiko Itoh & Haruhiko Fujiwara
doi:10.1038/ng.3241
Haruhiko Fujiwara and colleagues report the genome sequences of two swallowtail butterfly species, Papilio xuthus and Papilio polytes, and the identification of a chromosomal inversion underlying the mimetic phenotype in P. polytes females. The inversion interacts with dsx to control mimetic coloration patterns in an allele-specific manner.

See also: News and Views by Mallet

Convergent losses of decay mechanisms and rapid turnover of symbiosis genes in mycorrhizal mutualists OPEN   pp410 - 415
Annegret Kohler, Alan Kuo, Laszlo G Nagy, Emmanuelle Morin, Kerrie W Barry, Francois Buscot, Björn Canbäck, Cindy Choi, Nicolas Cichocki, Alicia Clum, Jan Colpaert, Alex Copeland, Mauricio D Costa, Jeanne Doré, Dimitrios Floudas, Gilles Gay, Mariangela Girlanda, Bernard Henrissat, Sylvie Herrmann, Jaqueline Hess, Nils Högberg, Tomas Johansson, Hassine-Radhouane Khouja, Kurt LaButti, Urs Lahrmann, Anthony Levasseur, Erika A Lindquist, Anna Lipzen, Roland Marmeisse, Elena Martino, Claude Murat, Chew Y Ngan, Uwe Nehls, Jonathan M Plett, Anne Pringle, Robin A Ohm, Silvia Perotto, Martina Peter, Robert Riley, Francois Rineau, Joske Ruytinx, Asaf Salamov, Firoz Shah, Hui Sun, Mika Tarkka, Andrew Tritt, Claire Veneault-Fourrey, Alga Zuccaro, Mycorrhizal Genomics Initiative Consortium, Anders Tunlid, Igor V Grigoriev, David S Hibbett & Francis Martin
doi:10.1038/ng.3223
Francis Martin and colleagues report genome sequences for 18 species of mycorrhizal fungi and a phylogenomic analysis including 32 other fungal genomes. The study identifies cell wall-degradation genes lost in all true ectomycorrhizal species and, using gene expression data, finds candidate genes for the establishment of symbiosis.

See also: News and Views by Venturini & Delledonne

The genome and transcriptome of the zoonotic hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum identify infection-specific gene families OPEN   pp416 - 422
Erich M Schwarz, Yan Hu, Igor Antoshechkin, Melanie M Miller, Paul W Sternberg & Raffi V Aroian
doi:10.1038/ng.3237
Erich Schwarz and colleagues report whole-genome sequencing of the zoonotic hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum. They also analyze the transcriptome through the course of infection in golden hamsters and identify groups of genes showing differential regulation across different stages.

Corrigendum

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Corrigendum: Common variants in ACYP2 influence susceptibility to cisplatin-induced hearing loss   p423
Heng Xu, Giles W Robinson, Jie Huang, Joshua Yew-Suang Lim, Hui Zhang, Johnnie K Bass, Alberto Broniscer, Murali Chintagumpala, Ute Bartels, Sri Gururangan, Tim Hassall, Michael Fisher, Richard Cohn, Tetsuji Yamashita, Tal Teitz, Jian Zuo, Arzu Onar-Thomas, Amar Gajjar, Clinton F Stewart & Jun J Yang
doi:10.1038/ng0415-423

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