Nature Climate Change Contents April 2015 Volume 5 Number 4 pp 281-386

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TABLE OF CONTENTS April 2015 Volume 5, Issue 4 Editorial Commentaries Feature Policy Watch Research Highlights News and Views Perspectives Review Letters Article Erratum Corrigenda Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Come to Paris (7-10 July 2015) to attend the international scientific conference "Our Common Future under Climate Change". Discuss and exchange with scientists from all disciplines on the various aspects of climate change in the broader context of global change. Don't miss this key milestone leading up to COP 21. More information at http://www.commonfuture-paris2015.org   Editorial Top The IPCC news circuit p281 doi:10.1038/nclimate2603 Climate change reports have been increasingly covered by the media but what drives the news stories and what is their power? Commentaries Top No more summaries for wonks pp282 - 284 Richard Black doi:10.1038/nclimate2534 IPCC assessments present an unparalleled opportunity for climate science to speak directly to power. Re-thinking the summaries written for policymakers would enable scientists to communicate far more effectively with political leaders and the public. The IPCC in an age of social media pp284 - 286 Leo Hickman doi:10.1038/nclimate2528 How should the IPCC communicate its findings, not just to policymakers, but to a wider audience? In today's online environment, readers demand an open and transparent interaction, but the responses must be both rapid and authoritative. As the IPCC debates its future, it must be bold in engaging with social media. Taking a bet on risk pp286 - 288 James Painter doi:10.1038/nclimate2542 In the light of its potential benefits, some scientists have been using the concept of risk to frame their discussions of climate change. At the moment, the media hardly pick up on risk language, so can anything be done to encourage them? Media power and climate change pp288 - 290 Julia B. Corbett doi:10.1038/nclimate2592 Fingers are often pointed directly at the news media for their powerful influence and ineffective reporting of climate change. But is that the best place to point? And are there more effective ways to conceptualize the power of the media and to consider whom they serve? Climate emergencies do not justify engineering the climate pp290 - 292 Jana Sillmann, Timothy M. Lenton, Anders Levermann, Konrad Ott, Mike Hulme, François Benduhn and Joshua B. Horton doi:10.1038/nclimate2539 Current climate engineering proposals do not come close to addressing the complex and contested nature of conceivable 'climate emergencies' resulting from unabated greenhouse-gas emissions. Shipping charts a high carbon course pp293 - 295 Alice Bows-Larkin, Kevin Anderson, Sarah Mander, Michael Traut and Conor Walsh doi:10.1038/nclimate2532 The shipping industry expects ongoing growth in CO2 emissions to 2050, despite an apparent recent decline. Opportunities for decarbonizing the sector in line with international commitments on climate change need to be re-evaluated. Feature Top Michael Raupach (1950–2015) p296 Will Steffen doi:10.1038/nclimate2591 Builder of the global carbon budget. Policy Watch Top Policy watch: Carbon market rescue pp297 - 299 Sonja van Renssen doi:10.1038/nclimate2588 Reform of carbon trading in Europe could help claw back its credibility as an instrument to cut emissions. Sonja van Renssen reports. Research Highlights Top Climate Politics: Follow the leader | International governance: Domino effect | Marine biogeochemistry: Calcification changes | Forest ecology: Amazon carbon dynamics News and Views Top Long-term projection: Initializing sea level pp301 - 302 Jianjun Yin doi:10.1038/nclimate2589 Long-term climate change and sea-level rise in model projections have been primarily determined by external forcing of climate conditions. Now, research shows that centennial projections of the dynamic sea level are also sensitive to the ocean's initial conditions. See also: Letter by Mohammad H. Bordbar et al. Marine biology: The coral disease triangle pp302 - 303 John F. Bruno doi:10.1038/nclimate2571 The underlying causes of biodiversity loss can be numerous and difficult to identify. Now evidence suggests that disease outbreaks triggered by warming oceans are a primary cause of the disappearance of Caribbean coral reefs. See also: Letter by C. J. Randall et al. nclimate JOBS of the week Director, Centre for Climate Research Singapore National Environment Agency Professor of Climate and Weather Risks ETH Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Post Doc position in ICP-MS based plant metallomics Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences (PLEN), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen 2-Year Postdoctoral Fellowship Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Research Associate in Evolutionary Genomics Imperial College London More Science jobs from nclimate EVENT Single Cell Analysis USA Congress 27.10.15 Boston, USA More science events from Perspectives Top Decentralized energy systems for clean electricity access pp305 - 314 Peter Alstone, Dimitry Gershenson and Daniel M. Kammen doi:10.1038/nclimate2512 This Perspective presents a conceptual framework for extending electricity access while also transitioning to a decarbonized energy system. Effect of residential solar and storage on centralized electricity supply systems pp315 - 318 Scott Agnew and Paul Dargusch doi:10.1038/nclimate2523 The recent boom in residential solar power is disrupting centralized electricity systems and helping to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. Review Top Monitoring, reporting and verifying emissions in the climate economy pp319 - 328 Valentin Bellassen, Nicolas Stephan, Marion Afriat, Emilie Alberola, Alexandra Barker, Jean-Pierre Chang, Caspar Chiquet, Ian Cochran, Mariana Deheza, Christopher Dimopoulos, Claudine Foucherot, Guillaume Jacquier, Romain Morel, Roderick Robinson and Igor Shishlov doi:10.1038/nclimate2544 This paper reviews the monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse-gas emissions needed for carbon-pricing and management mechanisms. Letters Top Rapidly falling costs of battery packs for electric vehicles pp329 - 332 Björn Nykvist and Måns Nilsson doi:10.1038/nclimate2564 A systematic analysis reveals a steep decline in the costs of battery packs for electric vehicles, with market-leading manufacturers setting the pace. Near-term acceleration in the rate of temperature change pp333 - 336 Steven J. Smith, James Edmonds, Corinne A. Hartin, Anupriya Mundra and Katherine Calvin doi:10.1038/nclimate2552 Knowledge of the near-term rate of change is needed for adaptation. The rate at which climate change is occurring, over 40-year periods, is found to be unprecedented in the past 1,000 years. Regionally, Europe, North America and the Arctic are above the global average. Quantifying the likelihood of a continued hiatus in global warming pp337 - 342 C. D. Roberts, M. D. Palmer, D. McNeall and M. Collins doi:10.1038/nclimate2531 The probability of a hiatus in global warming is calculated, with a 10-year event having a probability of ∼10%, but a 20-year event less than 1%. The current 15-year event is found to have up to 25% chance of continuing for another 5 years. Effects of long-term variability on projections of twenty-first century dynamic sea level pp343 - 347 Mohammad H. Bordbar, Thomas Martin, Mojib Latif and Wonsun Park doi:10.1038/nclimate2569 How regional sea level will change in response to ocean dynamics is investigated by altering initial atmosphere and ocean conditions in model projections. Internal variability in the ocean is found to cause large differences in projected changes. See also: News and Views by Jianjun Yin Consistent evidence of increasing Antarctic accumulation with warming pp348 - 352 Katja Frieler, Peter U. Clark, Feng He, Christo Buizert, Ronja Reese, Stefan R. M. Ligtenberg, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Ricarda Winkelmann and Anders Levermann doi:10.1038/nclimate2574 As the atmosphere warms it can hold more water so precipitation is expected to increase. This study uses palaeoclimate data and modelling results to investigate what this means for Antarctic mass balance and sea-level rise, as more snowfall will increase the water stored as ice on the continent. Efficient use of land to meet sustainable energy needs pp353 - 358 Rebecca R. Hernandez, Madison K. Hoffacker and Christopher B. Field doi:10.1038/nclimate2556 An analysis shows that generation of solar power within the existing built environment could easily meet California’s current energy demand. Carbon emissions due to deforestation for the production of charcoal used in Brazil’s steel industry pp359 - 363 Laura J. Sonter, Damian J. Barrett, Chris J. Moran and Britaldo S. Soares-Filho doi:10.1038/nclimate2515 Over-reliance on charcoal sourced from native forests rather than plantations doubled CO2 emissions from Brazil’s steel industry between 2000 and 2007. Three decades of multi-dimensional change in global leaf phenology pp364 - 368 Robert Buitenwerf, Laura Rose and Steven I. Higgins doi:10.1038/nclimate2533 Our knowledge of long-term changes in vegetation activity is incomplete, hindering understanding of Earth system dynamics. A comprehensive global assessment of vegetation phenology now shows that vegetation activity changed severely on 54% of the global land surface between 1981 and 2012. Climatic and biotic thresholds of coral-reef shutdown pp369 - 374 Lauren T. Toth, Richard B. Aronson, Kim M. Cobb, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Pamela R. Grothe and Hussein R. Sayani doi:10.1038/nclimate2541 Analysis of a 6,750-year coral core from Pacific Panamá identifies the environmental conditions associated with abrupt reef shutdown. Contemporary white-band disease in Caribbean corals driven by climate change pp375 - 379 C. J. Randall and R. van Woesik doi:10.1038/nclimate2530 Thermal stresses associated with climate change have contributed to the spread of white-band disease in important reef-building corals in the Caribbean. See also: News and Views by John F. Bruno Article Top Dominant frames in legacy and social media coverage of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report pp380 - 385 Saffron O’Neill, Hywel T. P. Williams, Tim Kurz, Bouke Wiersma and Maxwell Boykoff doi:10.1038/nclimate2535 The media uses specific language to report scientific knowledge to various audiences. A study focused on broadcast, newspapers and twitter reporting of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report shows that coverage and framing of the Report was influenced by its sequential three-part structure and by the availability of accessible narratives and visuals. Erratum Top Erratum: The environmental impact of climate change adaptation on land use and water quality p385 Carlo Fezzi, Amii R. Harwood, Andrew A. Lovett and Ian J. Bateman doi:10.1038/nclimate2585 Corrigenda Top Corrigendum: Climate-smart agriculture for food security p386 Leslie Lipper, Philip Thornton, Bruce M. Campbell, Tobias Baedeker, Ademola Braimoh, Martin Bwalya, Patrick Caron, Andrea Cattaneo, Dennis Garrity, Kevin Henry, Ryan Hottle, Louise Jackson, Andrew Jarvis, Fred Kossam, Wendy Mann, Nancy McCarthy, Alexandre Meybeck, Henry Neufeldt, Tom Remington, Pham Thi Sen, Reuben Sessa, Reynolds Shula, Austin Tibu and Emmanuel F. Torquebiau doi:10.1038/nclimate2586 Corrigendum: Nutrient availability as the key regulator of global forest carbon balance p386 M. Fernández-Martínez, S. Vicca, I. A. Janssens, J. Sardans, S. Luyssaert, M. Campioli, F. S. Chapin III, P. Ciais, Y. Malhi, M. Obersteiner, D. Papale, S. L. Piao, M. Reichstein, F. Rodà and J. 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