Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology contents September 2014 Volume 15 Number 9 pp 559-628

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
September 2014 Volume 15 Number 9
Impact Factor 36.458 *	In this issue Research Highlights Reviews Also this month Article Series: Technologies and techniques  Featured article: Steering cell migration: lamellipodium dynamics and the regulation of directional persistence Matthias Krause & Alexis Gautreau
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Nuclear envelope: ATR senses mechanical stress p559 | doi:10.1038/nrm3864 Mechanical stress activates an ATR pathway at the nuclear envelope that is important for chromatin condensation and nuclear envelope breakdown. PDF Stem cells: Replication stress makes HSCs feel old p560 | doi:10.1038/nrm3859 Replication stress, resulting from decreased expression of MCM proteins, drives the age-related functional decline of HSCs. PDF Endocytosis: Unlocking AP2 activity p560 | doi:10.1038/nrm3863 The clathrin adaptor assembly polypeptide 2 (AP2) cannot bind to clathrin in the cytoplasm owing to an autoinhibitory mechanism. PDF Organelle dynamics: Getting in touch p561 | doi:10.1038/nrm3858 Two studies report a novel membrane contact site between mitochondria and lysosome-like vacuoles in yeast, and reveal a physical and metabolic link between mitochondria and the endocytic compartment. PDF Protein metabolism: How the proteasome adapts to stress p562 | doi:10.1038/nrm3855 Increased levels of the chaperone Adc17 promote proteasome assembly under stress conditions. PDF Splicing: Catalytic nulls keep busy p562 | doi:10.1038/nrm3856 Alternative splicing is responsible for generating a large ensemble of catalytically inactive aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases that have non-canonical functions. PDF In the news p562 | doi:10.1038/nrm3862 Optically transparent mice can be generated by extracting lipids from tissue. PDF IN BRIEF RNA localization: Promoters of mRNA fate | Cell migration: The forces that close wounds | Stem cells: A role for nuclear p120 catenin in differentiation PDF Molecular Cell Biology JOBS of the week Research Technician in Molecular and Cell Biology (100%) ETH Zurich Research Assistant The Ohio Stat University Medical Center Research Fellow Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore Postdoctoral fellow position University of Calgary Postdoctoral Fellow Cleveland Clinic More Science jobs from Molecular Cell Biology EVENT More science events from
REVIEWS		Top
Regulation of microRNA function in somatic stem cell proliferation and differentiation Archana Shenoy & Robert H. Blelloch p565 | doi:10.1038/nrm3854 microRNAs (miRNAs) promote and stabilize cells fates during the differentiation of stem and progenitor cells into muscle, blood, skin and neural tissues. These miRNAs are part of complex networks that tightly regulate their function at multiple levels: transcription, biogenesis, stability and target site availability, as well as their cooperation with other miRNAs and RNA- binding proteins. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Steering cell migration: lamellipodium dynamics and the regulation of directional persistence Matthias Krause & Alexis Gautreau p577 | doi:10.1038/nrm3861 Lamellipodial protrusion is powered by actin polymerization that is mediated through the actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3)-induced nucleation of branched actin networks and the elongation of actin filaments. These processes are regulated by positive and negative feedback loops centred around the GTPase RAC, and the balance between them determines lamellipodial and directional persistence during cell migration. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Article series: Technologies and techniques RNAi screening comes of age: improved techniques and complementary approaches Stephanie E. Mohr, Jennifer A. Smith, Caroline E. Shamu, Ralph A. Neumüller & Norbert Perrimon p591 | doi:10.1038/nrm3860 RNAi is used for genome-wide functional screens in cultured cells and animals. New experimental and bioinformatics approaches, including the combination of RNAi with genome-editing strategies, has improved the efficacy of RNAi screening and follow-up experiments, and enhanced our understanding of gene function and regulatory networks. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
The maintenance of chromosome structure: positioning and functioning of SMC complexes Kristian Jeppsson, Takaharu Kanno, Katsuhiko Shirahige & Camilla Sjögren p601 | doi:10.1038/nrm3857 Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes — cohesin, condensin and the SMC5/6 complex — regulate sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome condensation, and DNA replication, repair and transcription. Insights into how they may execute such a range of functions are emerging from analyses of their chromosomal binding, combined with their capacity to act as intermolecular and intramolecular linkers of DNA molecules. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Bidirectional cargo transport: moving beyond tug of war William O. Hancock p615 | doi:10.1038/nrm3853 Bidirectional movement by oppositely directed motors attached to the same cargo is frequently described as a 'tug of war'. However, some studies suggest that inhibiting one motor diminishes motility in both directions. To resolve this paradox, three bidirectional transport models, termed microtubule tethering, mechanical activation and steric disinhibition, are proposed, and a general mathematical modelling framework for bidirectional cargo transport is described. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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