Nature Reviews Neuroscience contents February 2014 Volume 15 Number 2 pp 65-131

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
February 2014 Volume 15 Number 2
Impact Factor 31.673 *	In this issue Research Highlights Reviews Perspectives Also this month Article series: Neuroscience and the law  Featured article: Oscillatory multiplexing of population codes for selective communication in the mammalian brain Thomas Akam & Dimitri M. Kullmann
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Nature Collections  LIGHT-SHEET MICROSCOPY  The use of a planar sheet of light for illumination in light-sheet fluorescence microscopy allows researchers to image sample volumes faster than is possible with other current methods, while limiting light dosage. A collection of articles from Nature Methods, Nature Communications and Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology provides a brief overview of this exciting imaging technology and the biological research applications that it makes possible. Produced with support from:  Carl Zeiss Microscopy
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Neurodevelopmental disorders: The gut-microbiome-brain connection p65 | doi:10.1038/nrn3669 A study involving a mouse model of autism shows that gut microbes and gastrointestinal abnormalities influence behaviour and suggests that targeting the gut microbiome may alleviate some of the behavioural symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders. PDF Addiction: Pregnenolone limits effects of cannabis p66 | doi:10.1038/nrn3681 Pregnenolone is strongly upregulated by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and limits several addictive and other effects of THC. PDF Myelination: Switching modes of myelination p66 | doi:10.1038/nrn3682 A new study shows that myelination may proceed in activity-dependent and -independent manners and that activity-dependent myelination is linked to neuregulin-induced signalling in oligodendrocytes, which makes these cells more sensitive to glutamate release. PDF Neurological disorders: MicroRNA gets motoring p67 | doi:10.1038/nrn3672 MicroRNA-128 is expressed in striatal dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons and might contribute to the neuronal hyperexcitability observed in epilepsy and motor disorders such as Parkinson's disease. PDF Development: Hyperactively restricting angiogenesis p68 | doi:10.1038/nrn3671 In neonatal mice, low or moderate cortical activity has no effect on the developing cerebral microvasculature, but more-persistent, repetitive cortical activity can lead to detrimental changes in the cerebral microvasculature. PDF Synaptic plasticity: A synaptic role for microglia p68 | doi:10.1038/nrn3678 Microglia promote learning-induced formation of glutamatergic synapses, and this effect is mediated by microglial brain-derived neurotrophic factor. PDF IN BRIEF Learning and memory: Early warning | Synaptogenesis: Synapse specializations | Neural repair: Obstacles to growth for older axons | Emotion: Ups and downs of glucocorticoids | Genes and disease: Jumping genes | Neurotransmission: In and out of time | Sensory processing: Sniffing out new interneuron types | Psychiatric disorders: A second chance for ECT? PDF Neuroscience JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Fellow University of Louisville - Department of Neurological Surgery Research Assistant Position Available at Stanford University Stanford University Postdoctoral fellow in neuroscience University Pompeu Fabra Group Leader Positions Imagine Institute of Genetic Diseases Post doctoral fellow - Bioinformatic studies on membrane bound proteins Uppsala University More Science jobs from Neuroscience EVENT Computational Neuroscience: Vision 11.07.14 Cold Spring Harbor, USA More science events from
REVIEWS		Top
Sensory-evoked synaptic integration in cerebellar and cerebral cortical neurons Paul Chadderton, Andreas T. Schaefer, Stephen R. Williams & Troy W. Margrie p71 | doi:10.1038/nrn3648 In vivo intracellular recordings and imaging of synaptic activity are revealing how sensory information is conveyed and processed in the brain. This article explores how dynamic interactions between evoked synaptic inputs and their integration within individual neurons generates sensory signalling in the cerebellar and cerebral cortices. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Inflammasomes in the CNS John G. Walsh, Daniel A. Muruve & Christopher Power p84 | doi:10.1038/nrn3638 Since their discovery in 2002, inflammasomes have been shown to be crucial mediators of caspase 1 activation, interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 release, and pyroptotic cell death. This Review describes our current understanding of the functions of different inflammasomes in the CNS and their roles in neurological diseases. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Synaptic changes induced by melanocortin signalling Vanni Caruso, Malin C. Lagerström, Pawel K. Olszewski, Robert Fredriksson & Helgi B. Schiöth p98 | doi:10.1038/nrn3657 The roles of melanocortins extend well beyond the regulation of energy homeostasis. In this article, the authors review their involvement in different pathophysiological states, which could lead to the development of improved therapeutics for pain and mood disorders, and cognitive impairments. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
PERSPECTIVES		Top
OPINION Oscillatory multiplexing of population codes for selective communication in the mammalian brain Thomas Akam & Dimitri M. Kullmann p111 | doi:10.1038/nrn3668 The function of brain oscillations remains unclear, although a role in controlling the flow of signals among anatomically connected networks has been proposed. In this Opinion article, Akam and Kullmann discuss how network oscillations might convey multiplexed information that enables a flexible reconfiguration of effective connectivity among brain areas. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
SCIENCE AND SOCIETY Article series: Neuroscience and the law Functional MRI-based lie detection: scientific and societal challenges Martha J. Farah, J. Benjamin Hutchinson, Elizabeth A. Phelps & Anthony D. Wagner p123 | doi:10.1038/nrn3665 The scientific and legal interest in functional MRI-based lie detection has grown rapidly in the past decade. In this Perspective, Farah and colleagues review the scientific state of the art of this approach to lie detection, discuss its legal status and consider broader ethical and societal implications. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
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Special Feature on Stem Cells: Current Research and Future Prospects  Experimental & Molecular Medicine presents a series of reviews covering the state-of-the art in representative areas in stem cell research and, in addition, original research covering selected areas of stem cell biology and therapeutic applications.  Access the Special Feature on Stem Cells today!
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