Nature Cell Biology contents: November 2013 Volume 15 Number 11, pp 1261 - 1385

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Special offer details, tools, and information available now.  bdbiosciences.com/go/brilliant Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology Research Topics are a great opportunity for you to highlight your research focus by creating an online dialogue on a focused research area, with manuscripts encompassing recent advancements, the latest methods, opinions, and more. Our platform makes launching and managing a Research Topic a straightforward process and you will have the full support of the Frontiers editorial office through every step.  You can find out more on how to suggest a Research Topic here    News and Views Top Slipping past the spindle assembly checkpoint   pp1261 - 1263 Radhika Subramanian and Tarun M. Kapoor doi:10.1038/ncb2876 Error-free genome segregation depends on the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a signalling network that delays anaphase onset until chromosomes have established proper spindle attachments. Three reports now quantitatively examine the sensitivity and robustness of the SAC response. See also: Letter by Dick & Gerlich | Letter by Collin et al. | Article by Heinrich et al. Crosstalk between mTOR complexes   pp1263 - 1265 Jianling Xie and Christopher G. Proud doi:10.1038/ncb2877 The mTOR protein kinase controls anabolic processes as part of mTOR complexes 1 and 2 (mTORC1 and mTORC2). The two complexes are now shown to be involved in a negative feedback regulatory mechanism, in which mTORC1 stimulation inactivates mTORC2 through the inhibitory phosphorylation of the mTORC2 component Sin1. See also: Article by Liu et al. Hedgehog threads to spread   pp1265 - 1267 James Briscoe and Jean-Paul Vincent doi:10.1038/ncb2878 In vivo time-lapse imaging and functional tests bring fresh evidence that the morphogen Hedgehog is conveyed to target cells via long filopodia extensions, dubbed cytonemes. This study provides the tools and conceptual framework to understand how cytonemes form and carry morphogens. See also: Article by Bischoff et al. Cell Biology JOBS of the week PhD Programme in Molecular Cell Biology Medical Research Council - Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology Head of Reproductive Cell Biology Unit Leibniz-Institut für Nutztierbiologie PhD Position in Cell Biology University of Lausanne (UNIL) Assistant or Associate Professor in Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Assistant Professor- Cell and Developmental Biology Vanderbilt University More Science jobs from Cell Biology EVENT Keystone Symposia: Molecular Cell Biology of Macrophages in Human Diseases 09.02.14 New Mexico, USA More science events from Articles Top Cytonemes are required for the establishment of a normal Hedgehog morphogen gradient in Drosophila epithelia   pp1269 - 1281 Marcus Bischoff, Ana-Citlali Gradilla, Irene Seijo, Germán Andrés, Carmen Rodríguez-Navas et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2856 Hedgehog (Hh) acts as a morphogen to regulate growth and cell fate specification, and several hypotheses have been proposed for its movement. Using in vivo imaging, Bischoff and colleagues find that cytonemes drive Hh movement in the wing imaginal disc epithelium and that Hh gradient establishment correlates spatially and temporally with cytoneme formation. See also: News and Views by Briscoe & Vincent Nfat and miR-25 cooperate to reactivate the transcription factor Hand2 in heart failure   pp1282 - 1293 Ellen Dirkx, Monika M. Gladka, Leonne E. Philippen, Anne-Sophie Armand, Virginie Kinet et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2866 Reactivation of fetal gene programs has been linked to hypertrophy of postnatal cardiomyocytes and heart disease, but so far the transcription factors responsible for this effect have not been well defined. De Windt and colleagues have found that the fetal cardiac transcription factor Hand2 is re-expressed in response to stress signalling and induces cardiac hypertrophy. The microcephaly protein Asp regulates neuroepithelium morphogenesis by controlling the spatial distribution of myosin II   pp1294 - 1306 Maria A. Rujano, Luis Sanchez-Pulido, Carole Pennetier, Gaelle le Dez and Renata Basto doi:10.1038/ncb2858 The microcephaly protein ASPM is required for correct spindle positioning in neuroepithelial cells. Basto and colleagues demonstrate that, in addition to having a role in cell division, the fly ASPM orthologue Asp is important for the maintenance of neuroepithelium integrity by mediating myosin II apico-basal polarity. An excitable signal integrator couples to an idling cytoskeletal oscillator to drive cell migration   pp1307 - 1316 Chuan-Hsiang Huang, Ming Tang, Changji Shi, Pablo A. Iglesias and Peter N. Devreotes doi:10.1038/ncb2859 Devreotes and colleagues analyse cytoskeletal regulator and signal transduction networks and use computational simulations to provide a model for cell migration. They propose that activation of an excitable signalling network needs to engage an oscillatory cytoskeletal network to promote formation of large protrusions and cell motility. GTP regulates the microtubule nucleation activity of γ-tubulin   pp1317 - 1327 Linda Gombos, Annett Neuner, Mykhaylo Berynskyy, Luca L. Fava, Rebecca C. Wade et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2863 Schiebel and colleagues use in vitro techniques and yeast genetics to study the role of GTP binding in the microtubule nucleation activity of γ-tubulin. Determinants of robustness in spindle assembly checkpoint signalling   pp1328 - 1339 Stephanie Heinrich, Eva-Maria Geissen, Julia Kamenz, Susanne Trautmann, Christian Widmer et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2864 Hauf and colleagues modulate the amount of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins in fission yeast, revealing that a small reduction can cause checkpoint errors. However, levels of critical proteins normally show little variation, which explains the robustness of the SAC. See also: News and Views by Subramanian & Kapoor Sin1 phosphorylation impairs mTORC2 complex integrity and inhibits downstream Akt signalling to suppress tumorigenesis   pp1340 - 1350 Pengda Liu, Wenjian Gan, Hiroyuki Inuzuka, Adam S. Lazorchak, Daming Gao et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2860 Wei and colleagues report that phosphorylation of Sin1 by S6K or Akt results in its dissociation from mTORC2, thus suppressing mTORC2 activity. A cancer-patient-derived Sin1 mutation that impairs this phosphorylation leads to mTORC2 hyperactivation and increased tumour formation in mice. See also: News and Views by Xie & Proud TGF-β2 dictates disseminated tumour cell fate in target organs through TGF-β-RIII and p38α/β signalling   pp1351 - 1361 Paloma Bragado, Yeriel Estrada, Falguni Parikh, Sarah Krause, Carla Capobianco et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2861 Aguirre-Ghiso and colleagues report that the intensity of TGF-β2 signalling dictates dormancy or metastatic growth of disseminated tumour cells by regulating the activity of p38α/β in different target organs. Letters Top Heart field origin of great vessel precursors relies on nkx2.5-mediated vasculogenesis   pp1362 - 1369 Noëlle Paffett-Lugassy, Reena Singh, Kathleen R. Nevis, Burcu Guner-Ataman, Evan O’Loughlin et al. doi:10.1038/ncb2862 During vertebrate embryogenesis, the pharyngeal arch arteries (PAA) connect segments of the primitive circulation. Burns and colleagues show that Nkx2.5+ heart precursors from the lateral plate mesoderm surprisingly give rise to the PAA angioblasts, and that Nkx2.5 is required for PAA development. Kinetic framework of spindle assembly checkpoint signalling   pp1370 - 1377 Amalie E. Dick and Daniel W. Gerlich doi:10.1038/ncb2842 The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) arrests cells in metaphase until all chromosomes are attached to the spindle. Dick and Gerlich used laser microsurgery to detach individual chromosomes, revealing that the SAC does not have a switch-like response — instead, SAC strength depends on the number of unattached chromosomes. See also: Letter by Collin et al. | News and Views by Subramanian & Kapoor The spindle assembly checkpoint works like a rheostat rather than a toggle switch   pp1378 - 1385 Philippe Collin, Oxana Nashchekina, Rachael Walker and Jonathon Pines doi:10.1038/ncb2855 The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) keeps the APC/C ubiquitin ligase inactive until all chromosomes are attached to the spindle. Pines and colleagues tagged endogenous cyclin A with a fluorescent protein by gene targeting and used cyclin A degradation as an assay for SAC activity. They found that the SAC does not show an all-or-nothing response—instead, SAC strength depends on the amount of MAD2 (a checkpoint protein) at kinetochores. See also: Letter by Dick & Gerlich | News and Views by Subramanian & Kapoor Top Advertisement Nature Collections TCGA pan-cancer analysis The Cancer Genome Atlas Pan-cancer initiative examines the similarities and differences among the genomic and cellular alterations found in the first dozen tumor types to be profiled by TCGA. This first look across cancer offers new tools in genomics and bioinformatics and the prospect of repurposing targeted therapies directed by the molecular pathology of the tumors in addition to their clinical classification. View the Collection and accompanying Podcast, FREE at: ww.nature.com/tcga  Produced with support from  Illumina    Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. 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