Nature contents: 30 August 2012

Can't view this email? Click here to view in your browser.     Volume 488 Number 7413      nature •Visit Nature homepage •Subscribe to Nature •View Table of Contents The science that matters. Every week.                       A-IMBN Research - Research highlights from the Asia-Pacific International Molecular Biology Network Recent highlights: Clues to crustacean hormone production | Programmed for intelligence | Building the pigments for light sensing | Colon cancer culprit found Register today for biweekly email alerts and never miss the latest in molecular biology research in Asia.             Jump to the content that matters to you View Table of Contents ▶ ▼ News & Comment   ▼ Biological Sciences   ▼ Chemical Sciences   ▼ Physical Sciences   ▼ Earth & Environmental Sciences   ▼ Careers & Jobs       This week's highlights     Specials - Outlook: Human papillomavirus     It is tempting to characterize the human papillomavirus (HPV) story as a triumph of science. It might have taken 30 years from identification of HPV as the cause of cervical cancer to the first vaccine reaching the market, but there is still much to understand about HPV biology and an urgent need to improve on existing vaccines and diagnostic tests. The story of HPV is still being written. ▼ more       Physical Sciences More Physical sciences ▼   X-ray and optical wave mixing   Mixing X-rays and optical waves was proposed as an atomic-scale probe of optical interactions nearly 50 years ago, but has been difficult to achieve due to a lack of sufficiently strong X-ray sources. Now, with the advent of free electron lasers, a team working with the Linac Coherent Light Source, has achieved X-ray and optical mixing in diamond. The new capability should make it possible to observe light's interactions with matter at the atomic scale and enable direct visualization of the making and breaking of chemical bonds.       Earth & Environmental Sciences More Earth & Environmental sciences ▼   An index to assess the health and benefits of the global ocean   Global ocean policy strives for 'healthy oceans', but we have no tool to actually measure ocean health. To fill this gap Benjamin Halpern and colleagues have developed an ocean health index to assess the many factors that contribute to the state of the oceans. Scores were determined for all coastal nations, and the global score is 60 out of 100. Many African and Asian countries score poorly. This new index should allow for quick identification of strategic actions to improve overall ocean health to the benefit of Earth's ecosystems and their ability to provide benefits to society.                   Nature Insight: Chemistry and Energy This Insight focuses on the developments in solar energy, water-based methods of electricity generation and the production of biofuels. Access the Insight free online for two months. Produced with support from: TOTAL                 Biological Sciences More Biological sciences ▼   Antibiotics in early life alter the murine colonic microbiome and adiposity   Continuous treatment with low levels of antibiotics has been used to enhance body weight in livestock for decades, yet the mechanisms for this effect are unclear. Using a similar approach in young mice it is now shown that subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics increase the body's fat mass, cause changes in the composition of the intestinal microbial community and modify microbial metabolic pathways, leading to short-chain fatty acid production. These findings highlight the role of microbes in maintaining normal metabolic activity.       Podcast & Video     In this week's podcast: horses with unusual walks, dieting monkeys, and anti-science violence in Mexico.         News & Comment Read daily news coverage▶ ▲top             THIS WEEK           Editorial                   Open for business ▶     If Europe is to achieve the science-investment goals it set for the decade, it must make life easier for researchers coming from abroad.             Small steps ▶     Violent opposition to nanotechnology should be countered with public awareness.             World View                   What matters for science is who runs the country ▶     A chief scientific adviser is no substitute for a ruling elite that is actually engaged with science and engineering, argues Colin Macilwain.             Seven Days                   Seven days: 24–30 August 2012 ▶     The week in science: Eulogies for Neil Armstrong; more disappointing trial results for Alzheimer's drugs; and China's plans for telescopes in the Antarctic.           NEWS IN FOCUS           Pig fever sweeps across Russia ▶     Deadly virus may be poised to spread to neighbouring states.             US colliders jostle for funds ▶     Heavy-ion facility at risk of premature closure as committee sets budget priorities.             Doctors back circumcision ▶     US task force finds that public-health benefits of the procedure outweigh risks to individuals.             Calorie restriction falters in the long run ▶     Genetics and healthy diets matter more for longevity.             Brazil unveils tool to track emissions ▶     Carbon releases lag behind Amazon deforestation.             Recycled dishes form telescope network ▶     Africa refits redundant satellite dishes for radio astronomy.             Features                   After the Higgs: The new particle landscape ▶     Physicists are planning the powerful accelerators they will need to study the Higgs boson and its interactions in detail.             Nanotechnology: Armed resistance ▶     Nature assesses the aftermath of a series of nanotechnology-lab bombings in Mexico — and asks how the country became a target of eco-anarchists.           COMMENT           Particle physics: Beyond the Higgs ▶     The Higgs boson is not the end of the story. There is more to map in the new world of extreme physics, says Jon Butterworth.             Climate science: Time to raft up ▶     Climate scientists should learn from the naysayers and pull together to get their message across, says Chris Rapley.             Books and Arts                   History: Darwin the eroticist ▶     William Bynum applauds a life of physician and scientific poet Erasmus Darwin, Charles's intriguing grandfather.             Books in brief ▶             Neuroscience: The ears have it ▶     Andrew King enjoys a personal account of the impact of sound on life, evolution and the brain.             Q&A: Species futurologist ▶     Media artist Jon McCormack uses computer algorithms to imagine the future of native Australian species. As he prepares two new works — Codeform and Fifty Sisters — for the Ars Electronica Festival in Linz, Austria, he talks about digital evolution and virtual ecosystems.             Correspondence                   Gender matters: A call to commission more women writers Daniel Conley & Johanna Stadmark | Competing interests: Expanding rapidly Arleen B. Rifkind | Competing interests: Judged in perpetuity Thomas C. Erren | Australia: Biomass energy holds big promise Andrew Lang, Heinz Kopetz & Albert Parker | Publishing: Curb temptation to skip quality control Herman Tse | Research fraud: Speed up reviews of misconduct Jelte M. Wicherts & Marcel A. L. M. van Assen | Careers: PhDs fit for industry and commerce, too Michael Mulvany & Zdravko Lackovic | Atmospheric science: Institute to continue climate monitoring Olaf Morgenstern, Richard McKenzie & Vanessa Sherlock | Communication: Embrace complexity but not jargon Anita Makri           Obituary                   Bernard Lovell (1913–2012) ▶     Physicist and radar pioneer who created the famous Jodrell Bank radio telescope.             Correction                   Correction ▶                     Biological Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Ageing: Mixed results for dieting monkeys ▶     Steven N. Austad             Structural and genetic basis for development of broadly neutralizing influenza antibodies ▶     Daniel Lingwood, Patrick M. McTamney, Hadi M. Yassine, James R. R. Whittle, Xiaoti Guo et al.     The events leading to the generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies to influenza viruses, which may hold the key to developing a universal flu vaccine, are elucidated.             Impact of caloric restriction on health and survival in rhesus monkeys from the NIA study ▶     Julie A. Mattison, George S. Roth, T. Mark Beasley, Edward M. Tilmont, April M. Handy et al.     The results of a 23-year study of caloric restriction in rhesus macaques are reported; restricted caloric intake did not increase survival, but improved the metabolic profile of monkeys started at older ages and showed a trend towards delaying age-associated disease in monkeys started at a young age.             RPN-6 determines C. elegans longevity under proteotoxic stress conditions ▶     David Vilchez, Ianessa Morantte, Zheng Liu, Peter M. Douglas, Carsten Merkwirth et al.     This study shows that nematodes without a germ line re-allocate resources to the soma, resulting in elevated proteasome activity, clearance of damaged proteins and increased longevity; this activity is associated with the increased expression of rpn-6 mediated by the transcription factor DAF-16.             Activity in motor–sensory projections reveals distributed coding in somatosensation ▶     Leopoldo Petreanu, Diego A. Gutnisky, Daniel Huber, Ning-long Xu, Dan H. O’Connor et al.     Imaging of activity in long-range axons is reported in mice performing tactile object-localization with their whiskers; the feedback projection from the motor cortex to the somatosensory cortex provides information to integrate whisker movement information and touch, which are key components of object identification.             Genotoxic consequences of endogenous aldehydes on mouse haematopoietic stem cell function ▶     Juan I. Garaycoechea, Gerry P. Crossan, Frederic Langevin, Maria Daly, Mark J. Arends et al.     The function of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is impaired by damaged DNA; here, endogenously generated aldehydes are found to be one source of such damage, which is repaired by the Fanconi anaemia pathway.             Structure of the haptoglobin–haemoglobin complex ▶     Christian Brix Folsted Andersen, Morten Torvund-Jensen, Marianne Jensby Nielsen, Cristiano Luis Pinto de Oliveira, Hans-Petter Hersleth et al.     This study reports the crystal structure of porcine haptoglobin in complex with haemoglobin at 2.9 Å resolution; this provides a structural basis of haptoglobin-mediated recognition of haemoglobin, and insight into the protective role of haptoglobin at the atomic level.             Paramutation in Drosophila linked to emergence of a piRNA-producing locus ▶     Augustin de Vanssay, Anne-Laure Bougé, Antoine Boivin, Catherine Hermant, Laure Teysset et al.     A paramutation occurs between two alleles in the same locus, when one allele induces a heritable mutation in another allele without modifying the DNA sequence; now, in Drosophila, a paramutation is shown to be transmissible over generations.             Articles and Letters                   Antibiotics in early life alter the murine colonic microbiome and adiposity ▶     Ilseung Cho, Shingo Yamanishi, Laura Cox, Barbara A. Methé, Jiri Zavadil et al.     Treatment of young mice with low levels of antibiotics results in increases in adiposity and causes both a change in the composition of the intestinal microbial community and an alteration in the activity of microbial metabolic pathways, leading to increased short-chain fatty acid production.             Potential methane reservoirs beneath Antarctica ▶     J. L. Wadham, S. Arndt, S. Tulaczyk, M. Stibal, M. Tranter et al.     On the basis of data from other subglacial environments and simulations of the accumulation of methane hydrate in Antarctic sedimentary basins, it seems there could be unsuspected, large stores of methane beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet.             Mutations in DMRT3 affect locomotion in horses and spinal circuit function in mice  OPEN ▶     Lisa S. Andersson, Martin Larhammar, Fatima Memic, Hanna Wootz, Doreen Schwochow et al.     A premature stop codon in the DMRT3 gene has a major effect on the pattern of locomotion in horses, and the Dmrt3 transcription factor is critical in the development of a coordinated locomotor network in mice, suggesting that it has an important role in configuring the spinal circuits that control stride.             Autistic-like behaviour and cerebellar dysfunction in Purkinje cell Tsc1 mutant mice ▶     Peter T. Tsai, Court Hull, YunXiang Chu, Emily Greene-Colozzi, Abbey R. Sadowski et al.     Both heterozygous loss and homozygous loss of Tsc1 in mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) result in autistic-like behaviours, which can be prevented by treatment with the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin; these findings demonstrate critical roles for PCs in autistic-like behaviours in mice.             Early-stage epigenetic modification during somatic cell reprogramming by Parp1 and Tet2 ▶     Claudia A. Doege, Keiichi Inoue, Toru Yamashita, David B. Rhee, Skylar Travis et al.     Parp1 and Tet2 mediate essential epigenetic remodelling events in an early phase of induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming, thus directing subsequent induction of the pluripotency loci.             IDH1(R132H) mutation increases murine haematopoietic progenitors and alters epigenetics ▶     Masato Sasaki, Christiane B. Knobbe, Joshua C. Munger, Evan F. Lind, Dirk Brenner et al.     Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenases IDH1 and IDH2 are common in human gliomas and acute myeloid leukaemias; here, mice that carry the IDH1(R132H) mutation are described, in a new model that should help in investigating the links between mutant IDH1 and leukaemia.             Recurrent R-spondin fusions in colon cancer  OPEN ▶     Somasekar Seshagiri, Eric W. Stawiski, Steffen Durinck, Zora Modrusan, Elaine E. Storm et al.     Exomes, transcriptomes and copy-number alterations in a sample of more than 70 primary human colonic tumours were analysed in an attempt to characterize the genomic landscape; in addition to finding alterations in genes associated with commonly mutated signalling pathways, recurrent gene fusions involving R-spondin family members were also found to occur in approximately 10% of colonic tumours, revealing a potential new therapeutic target.             Tumour suppressor RNF43 is a stem-cell E3 ligase that induces endocytosis of Wnt receptors ▶     Bon-Kyoung Koo, Maureen Spit, Ingrid Jordens, Teck Y. Low, Daniel E. Stange et al.     In vivo and in vitro studies show that the stem-cell E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF43 and ZNRF3 act as tumour suppressors in colorectal cancer models, and are involved in the negative regulation of the cancer-associated Wnt signalling pathway through limiting the cell-surface expression of Wnt receptors.             Novel role of PKR in inflammasome activation and HMGB1 release ▶     Ben Lu, Takahisa Nakamura, Karen Inouye, Jianhua Li, Yiting Tang et al.     Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is shown to be a key regulator of the inflammasome; PKR is central for caspase-1 activation and the release of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in response to a diverse range of stimuli.             T cells become licensed in the lung to enter the central nervous system ▶     Francesca Odoardi, Christopher Sie, Kristina Streyl, Vijay K. Ulaganathan, Christian Schläger et al.     A Lewis rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is used to show that on their way to the CNS, encephalitogenic T-cell blasts are temporarily resident in the lung, where they reprogram their gene-expression profile and functional properties to enable them to transgress the blood–brain barrier into the CNS.             The prokaryote messenger c-di-GMP triggers stalk cell differentiation in Dictyostelium ▶     Zhi-hui Chen & Pauline Schaap     The prokaryote signalling intermediate cyclic di-(3′:5′)-guanosine monophosphate is shown to be the morphogen responsible for stalk cell differentiation and, thus, the transition from slug migration to fructification in the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum.             News & Views                   Immunology: Licensed in the lungs ▶     Richard M. Ransohoff             Epigenetics: Actors in the cell reprogramming drama ▶     Kyle M. Loh & Bing Lim             Microbiology: Antibiotics and adiposity ▶     Harry J. Flint             Ageing: Mixed results for dieting monkeys ▶     Steven N. Austad             Brief Communications Arising                   Is irisin a human exercise gene? ▶     James A. Timmons, Keith Baar, Peter K. Davidsen & Philip J. Atherton             Boström et al. reply ▶     Pontus Boström, Jun Wu, Mark P. Jedrychowski, Anisha Korde, Li Ye et al.             Corrigenda                   Corrigendum: Inhibitory receptors bind ANGPTLs and support blood stem cells and leukaemia development ▶     Junke Zheng, Masato Umikawa, Changhao Cui, Jiyuan Li, Xiaoli Chen et al.             Corrigendum: Atomic model of the type III secretion system needle ▶     Antoine Loquet, Nikolaos G. Sgourakis, Rashmi Gupta, Karin Giller, Dietmar Riedel et al.             Research Highlights                   Microbiology: Infection breaks truce | Cancer: Antitumour metabolism | Neurodevelopment: Low-flow blood-vessel pruning | Epigenetics: Clues from baby blood spots | Medical devices: Smart way to seal cuts | Palaeontology: Jagged jaws identify mollusc | Evolution: Rodent that cannot gnaw | Ecology: Equations in papers=fewer citations         NEWS & COMMENT           Pig fever sweeps across Russia | Doctors back circumcision | Calorie restriction falters in the long run | Brazil unveils tool to track emissions | Nanotechnology: Armed resistance | History: Darwin the eroticist | Books in brief | Neuroscience: The ears have it | Q&A: Species futurologist | Australia: Biomass energy holds big promise Andrew Lang, Heinz Kopetz & Albert Parker             More Biological Sciences ▶                         Nature Special: Human Microbiota The human body is colonized by a vast number of microbes, collectively referred to as the human microbiota. The link between these microbes and our health is the focus of a growing number of research initiatives and new insights are emerging rapidly. Access selected content free online for six months. Produced with support from: MO BIO Laboratories               Chemical Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Structure of the haptoglobin–haemoglobin complex ▶     Christian Brix Folsted Andersen, Morten Torvund-Jensen, Marianne Jensby Nielsen, Cristiano Luis Pinto de Oliveira, Hans-Petter Hersleth et al.     This study reports the crystal structure of porcine haptoglobin in complex with haemoglobin at 2.9 Å resolution; this provides a structural basis of haptoglobin-mediated recognition of haemoglobin, and insight into the protective role of haptoglobin at the atomic level.             Brief Communications Arising                   Is irisin a human exercise gene? ▶     James A. Timmons, Keith Baar, Peter K. Davidsen & Philip J. Atherton             Boström et al. reply ▶     Pontus Boström, Jun Wu, Mark P. Jedrychowski, Anisha Korde, Li Ye et al.             Research Highlights                   Cancer: Antitumour metabolism         NEWS & COMMENT           Books in brief             More Chemical Sciences ▶               Physical Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Activation of old carbon by erosion of coastal and subsea permafrost in Arctic Siberia ▶     J. E. Vonk, L. Sánchez-García, B. E. van Dongen, V. Alling, D. Kosmach et al.     Extensive release of carbon from coastal permafrost is found to dominate the sedimentary carbon budget of the world’s largest continental shelf, with about two-thirds of this old carbon escaping to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.             Articles and Letters                   X-ray and optical wave mixing ▶     T. E. Glover, D. M. Fritz, M. Cammarata, T. K. Allison, Sinisa Coh et al.     A free-electron laser provides a sufficiently intense source of X-rays to allow X-ray and optical wave mixing, here demonstrated by measuring the induced charge density and associated microscopic fields in single-crystal diamond.             A Cenozoic record of the equatorial Pacific carbonate compensation depth ▶     Heiko Pälike, Mitchell W. Lyle, Hiroshi Nishi, Isabella Raffi, Andy Ridgwell et al.     A detailed reconstruction of the calcium carbonate compensation depth—at which calcium carbonate is dissolved—in the equatorial Pacific Ocean over the past 53 million years shows that it tracks ocean cooling, increasing as the ocean cools.             Potential methane reservoirs beneath Antarctica ▶     J. L. Wadham, S. Arndt, S. Tulaczyk, M. Stibal, M. Tranter et al.     On the basis of data from other subglacial environments and simulations of the accumulation of methane hydrate in Antarctic sedimentary basins, it seems there could be unsuspected, large stores of methane beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet.             ‘Melt welt’ mechanism of extreme weakening of gabbro at seismic slip rates ▶     Kevin M. Brown & Yuri Fialko     A laboratory study of the frictional properties of the igneous rock gabbro at seismically relevant slip rates suggests that the initial weakening of a fault surface during earthquake rupture may be associated with hotspots and macroscopic streaks of melt, which partially unload the rest of the slip interface.             Graphene and boron nitride lateral heterostructures for atomically thin circuitry ▶     Mark P. Levendorf, Cheol-Joo Kim, Lola Brown, Pinshane Y.Huang et al.     This versatile and scalable 'patterned regrowth' fabrication process produces one-atom-thick sheets containing lateral junctions between electrically conductive graphene and insulating hexagonal boron nitride, paving the way for flexible, transparent electronic device films.             News & Views                   Ocean science: Ancient burial at sea ▶     Heather Stoll             Optics: Mixing waves in a diamond ▶     Nina Rohringer             Astronomy: Collision course ▶     R. Brent Tully             Corrigendum                   Corrigendum: The age of the Milky Way inner halo ▶     Jason S. Kalirai             Research Highlights                   Nanotechnology: Strong and stable nanocrystals | Medical devices: Smart way to seal cuts         NEWS & COMMENT           Small steps | US colliders jostle for funds | Recycled dishes form telescope network | After the Higgs: The new particle landscape | Nanotechnology: Armed resistance | Particle physics: Beyond the Higgs | Climate science: Time to raft up | Books in brief | Neuroscience: The ears have it | Q&A: Species futurologist | Atmospheric science: Institute to continue climate monitoring Olaf Morgenstern, Richard McKenzie & Vanessa Sherlock | Bernard Lovell (1913–2012)             More Physical Sciences ▶               Earth & Environmental Sciences ▲top             RESEARCH           Latest Online                   Activation of old carbon by erosion of coastal and subsea permafrost in Arctic Siberia ▶     J. E. Vonk, L. Sánchez-García, B. E. van Dongen, V. Alling, D. Kosmach et al.     Extensive release of carbon from coastal permafrost is found to dominate the sedimentary carbon budget of the world’s largest continental shelf, with about two-thirds of this old carbon escaping to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.             Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management ▶     Nathaniel D. Mueller, James S. Gerber, Matt Johnston, Deepak K. Ray, Navin Ramankutty et al.     Global yields of major crops are analysed using climate, irrigation and new nutrient data to show that large production increases are possible from closing yield gaps to 100% of attainable yields, and that changes in management practices needed to close yield gaps vary considerably by region and current intensity.             Articles and Letters                   A Cenozoic record of the equatorial Pacific carbonate compensation depth ▶     Heiko Pälike, Mitchell W. Lyle, Hiroshi Nishi, Isabella Raffi, Andy Ridgwell et al.     A detailed reconstruction of the calcium carbonate compensation depth—at which calcium carbonate is dissolved—in the equatorial Pacific Ocean over the past 53 million years shows that it tracks ocean cooling, increasing as the ocean cools.             An index to assess the health and benefits of the global ocean ▶     Benjamin S. Halpern, Catherine Longo, Darren Hardy, Karen L. McLeod, Jameal F. Samhouri et al.     This study develops a wide-ranging index to assess the many factors that contribute to the health and benefits of the oceans, and the scores for all costal nations are assessed.             Potential methane reservoirs beneath Antarctica ▶     J. L. Wadham, S. Arndt, S. Tulaczyk, M. Stibal, M. Tranter et al.     On the basis of data from other subglacial environments and simulations of the accumulation of methane hydrate in Antarctic sedimentary basins, it seems there could be unsuspected, large stores of methane beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet.             ‘Melt welt’ mechanism of extreme weakening of gabbro at seismic slip rates ▶     Kevin M. Brown & Yuri Fialko     A laboratory study of the frictional properties of the igneous rock gabbro at seismically relevant slip rates suggests that the initial weakening of a fault surface during earthquake rupture may be associated with hotspots and macroscopic streaks of melt, which partially unload the rest of the slip interface.             News & Views                   Environmental science: Scorecard for the seas ▶     Derek P. Tittensor             Ocean science: Ancient burial at sea ▶     Heather Stoll           NEWS & COMMENT           Brazil unveils tool to track emissions | Recycled dishes form telescope network | Climate science: Time to raft up | Books in brief | Australia: Biomass energy holds big promise Andrew Lang, Heinz Kopetz & Albert Parker | Atmospheric science: Institute to continue climate monitoring Olaf Morgenstern, Richard McKenzie & Vanessa Sherlock             More Earth & Environmental Sciences ▶               Specials - Nature Outlook: Human PapillomavirusFree Access ▲top               Human papillomavirus ▶     Herb Brody              HPV: The global burden ▶     Human papillomavirus (HPV) has become synonymous with cervical cancer, but its actual footprint is much bigger, by James Mitchell Crow.              Clinical approval: Trials of an anticancer jab ▶     Two vaccines seem to be so effective in preventing HPV infection that mass vaccination has been introduced for girls. But will long-term studies show falls in cervical cancer?              Vaccination: A durable design ▶     Vaccines on the market aren't practical for the developing world — where cervical cancer hits hardest — but researchers are trying to make ones that are.              Screening: Testing times ▶     Pap tests have been a mainstay of cervical cancer screening, but new tests, vaccines and knowledge might be changing that, including when and how frequently to test.              Perspective: Vaccinate boys too ▶     HPV-associated cancers in men are on the rise. By not vaccinating boys we are failing to gain maximum health benefit, argues Margaret Stanley.              Public health: Prevention comes of age ▶     Sub-Saharan countries lag behind in screening and treatment for human papillomavirus. But national efforts and the introduction of low-tech methods could change that.              Pathology: Three questions ▶     Linking specific types of HPV with cervical cancer and developing effective vaccines against should be celebrated. But there are gaps in our understanding of these viruses and how they cause disease.              Q&A: On the case ▶     A Nobel prizewinner for pinning cervical cancer on human papillomavirus, Harald zur Hausen still investigates viruses. Nature Outlook talks to the medical doctor–turned–virologist about other possible culprits.          Sponsors                     For the 5th year running, Nature will be sponsoring the 'Scientific Merit' and 'Audience' awards at the Imagine Science Film Festival (ISFF). For information, or to submit your film and compete for the $2,500 Nature Scientific Merit Award and the $1,000 Nature Audience Award visit imaginesciencefilms.org/festival/submit-your-film/               Careers & Jobs ▲top               Job satisfaction: Turbulent times ▶     Nature's 2012 Salary and Satisfaction Survey suggests that many scientists are content with their work, but uneasy about finances.                   Careers related news & comment                   Open for business | Small steps | What matters for science is who runs the country | After the Higgs: The new particle landscape | Nanotechnology: Armed resistance | Gender matters: A call to commission more women writers Daniel Conley & Johanna Stadmark | Competing interests: Expanding rapidly Arleen B. Rifkind | Competing interests: Judged in perpetuity Thomas C. Erren | Publishing: Curb temptation to skip quality control Herman Tse | Careers: PhDs fit for industry and commerce, too Michael Mulvany & Zdravko Lackovic | Atmospheric science: Institute to continue climate monitoring Olaf Morgenstern, Richard McKenzie & Vanessa Sherlock             naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       Research associate(Magnetic Nanoparticle Mediated gene Delivery)     Keele University            Postdoctoral Scientist     University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine            Associate or Full Professor in Molecular Biology     Princeton University            Assistant Professor     University of Chicago          No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. 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