Nature Chemical Biology Contents: August 2012 Volume 8 Number 8, pp 669 - 737

TABLE OF CONTENTS August 2012 Volume 8, Issue 8 Editorial Commentaries Research Highlights News and Views Review Brief Communications Articles Corrigenda Errata Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement 21st IUPAC International Conference on Physical Organic Chemistry 9 - 13 September 2012, Durham University ICPOC21 is a key event to celebrate and discuss the current status, the development and the future of physical organic chemistry. This symposium will bring together a broad range of scientists who share a quantitative perspective on chemistry. Submit and register now   Advertisement Nature Chemical Biology Focus on Metabolism in 3D In this focus issue, we feature a collection of commentary and review articles that outline some of the ideas, advances and goals that are laying the foundations for the next era of metabolism research. To access the Focus, visit: http://www.nature.com/nchembio/focus/metabolism3d/index.html   Editorial Top Raising the bar   p669 doi:10.1038/nchembio.1039 We are changing the way we evaluate papers to ensure timely dissemination of chemical biology research. Commentaries Top A new era of GPCR structural and chemical biology   pp670 - 673 Sebastien Granier and Brian Kobilka doi:10.1038/nchembio.1025 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile molecular machines that regulate the majority of physiological responses to chemically diverse hormones and neurotransmitters. Recent breakthroughs in structural studies have advanced our understanding of GPCR signaling, particularly the selectivity of ligand recognition and receptor activation of G proteins. Where have all the active receptor states gone?   pp674 - 677 H Ongun Onaran and Tommaso Costa doi:10.1038/nchembio.1024 Defining G protein-coupled receptor ligand efficacy and biased agonism in precise chemical terms is one challenge posed by the current structural data that exists for this receptor family. Concepts classically used for understanding enzymes and other nonreceptor proteins may lead us in the right direction. Research Highlights Top Methods: How to get GAT | Cell cycle: The double life of IMPDH | Synthesis: Cyclobutanes prove charlatans | Metabolic disorders: Lipids go deaf | Epigenetics: Programming chromatin | Signaling: In Wnt's grasp | Drug discovery: Polypharmacology on the fly | RNA: Hitting translation first News and Views Top Metals: Ironing out copper toxicity   pp680 - 681 Amelie Garenaux and Charles M Dozois doi:10.1038/nchembio.1027 Siderophores are small molecules allowing microorganisms to competitively acquire iron from soils, aquatic systems or host proteins. New research shows that a siderophore secreted by some bacterial pathogens also binds copper and protects against host-derived copper toxicity during infection. See also: Article by Chaturvedi et al. Microbiology: Sensing stability   pp681 - 682 David Neves and Andrea Dessen doi:10.1038/nchembio.1026 Bacterial pili are surface fibers that must resist high shearing forces to remain associated with their target. The Escherichia coli type 1 pilus chaperone FimC serves as a 'sensor', ensuring that only stable pilins become incorporated into the growing fiber. See also: Article by Crespo et al. Chemical Biology JOBS of the week 4 Academic Positions Hydrologist / Chemist or Chemical Engineer : Sede Boqer Campus , Israel Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research Dean - School of Chemical Technology Aalto University Theoretical Chemical Physics University of Edinburgh - School of Chemistry Senior Scientific Officer Cancer Research UK / London Research Institute Senior Researcher and Head of Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology Technical University of Denmark (DTU) More Science jobs from Chemical Biology EVENT 13th Tetrahedron Symposium (Asia) – Challenges in Bioorganic & Organic Medicinal Chemistry 27-30 November 2012 UK More science events from Review Top Developing inhibitors of glycan processing enzymes as tools for enabling glycobiology   pp683 - 694 Tracey M Gloster and David J Vocadlo doi:10.1038/nchembio.1029 Dissecting the often subtle or time-sensitive roles of glycans in biology demands an increased availability of high-quality inhibitors for carbohydrate-processing enzymes. A review of lessons learned from other fields and considerations unique to glycobiology provides guidelines for development of these critical chemical tools. Brief Communications Top Lys34 of translation elongation factor EF-P is hydroxylated by YfcM    pp695 - 697 Lauri Peil, Agata L Starosta, Kai Virumäe, Gemma C Atkinson, Tanel Tenson, Jaanus Remme and Daniel N Wilson doi:10.1038/nchembio.1001 Elongation factor P is a conserved translational regulatory protein that has an unusual post-translational modification, in which Lys34 forms an amide linkage to (R)-β-lysine. Further characterization reveals that Lys34 is also hydroxylated, drawing parallels to a functional modification of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A. Metallo-β-lactamases withstand low Zn(II) conditions by tuning metal-ligand interactions   pp698 - 700 Javier M González, María-Rocío Meini, Pablo E Tomatis, Francisco J Medrano Martín, Julia A Cricco and Alejandro J Vila doi:10.1038/nchembio.1005 Bacterial resistance is propagated in part by metallo-β-lactamases, which hydrolyze and inactivate β-lactam antibiotics. An unusual cysteine residue in the active site is now shown to be critical for retaining the second metal ion, and thus enzyme activity, at low zinc concentrations. Articles Top Phenylalanine assembly into toxic fibrils suggests amyloid etiology in phenylketonuria   pp701 - 706 Lihi Adler-Abramovich, Lilach Vaks, Ohad Carny, Dorit Trudler, Andrea Magno, Amedeo Caflisch, Dan Frenkel and Ehud Gazit doi:10.1038/nchembio.1002 Phenylketonuria (PKU) is characterized by increased levels of phenylalanine in the blood and progressive mental retardation. Now, phenylalanine is shown to form toxic amyloid fibrils at high concentrations, which accumulate in the brains of PKU patients and mouse models. Quality control of disulfide bond formation in pilus subunits by the chaperone FimC    pp707 - 713 Maria D Crespo, Chasper Puorger, Martin A Schärer, Oliv Eidam, Markus G Grütter, Guido Capitani and Rudi Glockshuber doi:10.1038/nchembio.1019 The chaperone FimC only selects unfolded, disulfide-intact pilus subunits and accelerates protein folding by lowering topological complexity, thereby ensuring quality control in pilus assembly. See also: News and Views by Neves & Dessen Hydrogen sulfide anion regulates redox signaling via electrophile sulfhydration   pp714 - 724 Motohiro Nishida, Tomohiro Sawa, Naoyuki Kitajima, Katsuhiko Ono, Hirofumi Inoue, Hideshi Ihara, Hozumi Motohashi, Masayuki Yamamoto, Makoto Suematsu, Hitoshi Kurose, Albert van der Vliet, Bruce A Freeman, Takahiro Shibata, Koji Uchida, Yoshito Kumagai and Takaaki Akaike doi:10.1038/nchembio.1018 Hydrogen sulfide anion reacts with cellular electrophiles, including 8-nitro-cGMP, and sulfhydration products inhibit S-guanylation–dependent H-Ras activation in cardiac inflammatory injury models. Mechanism of N-terminal modulation of activity at the melanocortin-4 receptor GPCR   pp725 - 730 Baran A Ersoy, Leonardo Pardo, Sumei Zhang, Darren A Thompson, Glenn Millhauser, Cedric Govaerts and Christian Vaisse doi:10.1038/nchembio.1008 Different key residues mediate melanocortin-4 receptor activation via the agonist αMSH or constitutive activation via interaction of the transmembrane domain with the N-terminal domain, and these modes are further distinguishable by the different effects of the physiological antagonist. The siderophore yersiniabactin binds copper to protect pathogens during infection   pp731 - 736 Kaveri S Chaturvedi, Chia S Hung, Jan R Crowley, Ann E Stapleton and Jeffrey P Henderson doi:10.1038/nchembio.1020 Bacterial siderophores are known to bind various metals in vitro but are generally thought of as iron chelators in vivo. MS now demonstrates that yersiniabactin binds copper in vivo, with yersiniabactin expression correlated to bacterial fitness. See also: News and Views by Garenaux & Dozois Corrigenda Top A selective inhibitor reveals PI3Kγ dependence of TH17 cell differentiation   p737 Giovanna Bergamini, Kathryn Bell, Satoko Shimamura, Thilo Werner, Andrew Cansfield, Katrin Muller, Jessica Perrin, Christina Rau, Katie Ellard, Carsten Hopf, Carola Doce, Daniel Leggate, Raffaella Mangano, Toby Mathieson, Alison O'Mahony, Ivan Plavec, Faiza Rharbaoui, Friedrich Reinhard, Mikhail M Savitski, Nigel Ramsden, Emilio Hirsch, Gerard Drewes, Oliver Rausch, Marcus Bantscheff and Gitte Neubauer doi:10.1038/nchembio0812-737b Lysophosphatidic acid directly activates TRPV1 through a C-terminal binding site   p737 Andrés Nieto-Posadas, Giovanni Picazo-Juárez, Itzel Llorente, Andrés Jara-Oseguera, Sara Morales-Lázaro, Diana Escalante-Alcalde, León D Islas and Tamara Rosenbaum doi:10.1038/nchembio0812-737c A biosensor generated via high-throughput screening quantifies cell edge Src dynamics   p737 Akash Gulyani, Eric Vitriol, Richard Allen, Jianrong Wu, Dmitriy Gremyachinskiy, Steven Lewis, Brian Dewar, Lee M Graves, Brian K Kay, Brian Kuhlman, Tim Elston and Klaus M Hahn doi:10.1038/nchembio0812-737d Errata Top The radical SAM enzyme AlbA catalyzes thioether bond formation in subtilosin A   p737 Leif Flühe, Thomas A Knappe, Michael J Gattner, Antje Schäfer, Olaf Burghaus, Uwe Linne and Mohamed A Marahiel doi:10.1038/nchembio0812-737a Research Highlights   p737 doi:10.1038/nchembio0812-737e Top Advertisement Nature Structural & Molecular Biology FOCUS ON TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL Translational control has become a major focus of attention and research activity. The identification of a myriad of new factors and genome-wide targets as well as recent insights into eukaryotic ribosomes, translation initiation and control mechanisms will be discussed in four Reviews and one Perspective by leaders in the field. Access the Focus online: www.nature.com/nsmb/focus/translation   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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