Nature Cell Biology contents: May 2012 Volume 14 Number 5, pp 439 - 555

Advertisement Roche's X-tremeGENE Transfection Reagents Transfect efficiently with low cytotoxicity - proven in 250 different cell types...over 100 cancer cells. Free sample and protocols at www.x-tremegene.roche.com For life science research only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures TABLE OF CONTENTS May 2012 Volume 14, Issue 5 Editorial Review News and Views Research Highlights Articles Letters Corrigendum Erratum Advertisement Duolink vs. Co-IP Protein Interaction Studies World Title Fight The gloves are on. Duolink®, the new force in Protein Interaction Studies, goes head to head with the aging champion Co-IP. Find out which one has what it takes to best meet your needs in this no holds barred comparison. See it online only at Duolink-vs-CoIP.com Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement my.nature.com my.nature.com is a new site that will help you stay up-to-date with the latest research and let you personalize your nature.com experience. The test version is now online and we invite you to help us develop the site by giving us your feedback. Visit my.nature.com now and tell us what you think - you will need to login with your nature.com username and password.   Editorial Top Science funding: championing research in tough times p439 doi:10.1038/ncb2499 Substantial cuts in fiscal spending, triggered by the global economic crisis, highlight a pressing need to safeguard funding to ensure the future health of the scientific research enterprise. Full Text | PDF Review Top Molecular control of animal cell cytokinesis pp440 - 447 Juan Pablo Fededa and Daniel W. Gerlich doi:10.1038/ncb2482 Cytokinesis is the process by which mitotic cells physically split in two following chromosome segregation. Dividing animal cells first ingress a cytokinetic furrow and then separate the plasma membrane by abscission. The general cytological events and several conserved molecular factors involved in cytokinesis have been known for many years. However, recent progress in microscopy, chemical genetics, biochemical reconstitution and biophysical methodology has tremendously increased our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. We discuss how recent insights have led to refined models of the distinct steps of animal cell cytokinesis, including anaphase spindle reorganization, division plane specification, actomyosin ring assembly and contraction, and abscission. We highlight how molecular signalling pathways coordinate the individual events to ensure faithful partitioning of the genome to emerging daughter cells. Full Text | PDF News and Views Top DNA breakage drives nuclear search pp448 - 450 Grzegorz Ira and Philip J. Hastings doi:10.1038/ncb2494 The search for a homologous template is a fundamental, yet largely uncharacterized, reaction in DNA double-strand break repair. Two reports now demonstrate that broken chromosomes increase their movement and explore large volumes of nuclear space searching for a homologous template. Break mobility requires resection and recombination enzymes, as well as damage-checkpoint components. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Dion et al. | Article by Miné-Hattab & Rothstein Holding on to stemness pp450 - 452 Justin D. Lathia and Jeremy N. Rich doi:10.1038/ncb2498 The attachment of stem cells to specialized functional niches instructs stem cell maintenance, with loss of adhesion associated with differentiation driven by cell-intrinsic programs. Id transcription factors are now shown to link cell-intrinsic maintenance programs and extrinsic cues by promoting adhesion of neural stem cells to the niche. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Niola et al. Fishing for clathrin-coated pit nucleators pp452 - 454 Christien J. Merrifield doi:10.1038/ncb2497 The membrane-curvature-inducing protein Fcho was proposed to be part of a ubiquitous nucleation mechanism for clathrin-coated pits. However, studies in developing zebrafish embryos now indicate a role for Fcho as a receptor-specific adaptor in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling, rather than a global coated-pit nucleator. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Umasankar et al. Research Highlights A tale of two mTORCs | Kinesin-1 prevents premature pronuclei encounter | Telomeric damage after mitotic arrest | Cells polarize contractility to move together Cell Biology JOBS of the week Post doctoral position in cell biology and neurobiology Prof. Elena Vecino Assistant Adjunct Professor, Cell Biology Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco Post-Doctoral Associate in molecular biology and cancer research Washington University in St Louis (School of Medicine) Molecular pathogenesis of hairy cell leukemia Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale Postdoctoral Fellow in Bioinformatics / Systems Biology of RNA UMDNJ - New Jersey Medical School More Science jobs from Cell Biology EVENT Single Cell Analysis 06.-19.06.12 US More science events from Articles Top Kdm2b promotes induced pluripotent stem cell generation by facilitating gene activation early in reprogramming pp457 - 466 Gaoyang Liang, Jin He and Yi Zhang doi:10.1038/ncb2483 Transcription-factor-directed reprogramming of somatic cells is inefficient but can be enhanced by the addition of enzymes that modulate chromatin modifications. Zhang and colleagues report that the Kdm2b H3K36me2 demethylase promotes reprogramming through its enzymatic activity and independently of its role in senescence, by enhancing the transcription of genes known to be activated early during the process, including cadherin. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Regulation of epithelial polarity by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Neuralized and the Bearded inhibitors in Drosophila  pp467 - 476 Soline Chanet and François Schweisguth doi:10.1038/ncb2481 Schweisguth and colleagues have uncovered a Notch-independent role for the E3 ubiquitin ligase Neuralized that entails disrupting existing epithelial polarity and cell junctions to allow cell movements that are critical during Drosophila development. They show that Neuralized's effect on polarity is normally antagonized by Bearded, which is a known target of the Snail repressor, a transcription factor involved in polarity regulation at gastrulation. Targets for Snail that are relevant in this process have, until now, been elusive. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Id proteins synchronize stemness and anchorage to the niche of neural stem cells pp477 - 487 Francesco Niola, Xudong Zhao, Devendra Singh, Angelica Castano, Ryan Sullivan, Mario Lauria, Hyung-song Nam, Yuan Zhuang, Robert Benezra, Diego Di Bernardo, Antonio Iavarone and Anna Lasorella doi:10.1038/ncb2490 Iavarone, Lasorella and colleagues develop genetic mouse models to study the roles of inhibitor of DNA-binding (Id) proteins in neural stem-cell maintenance. They show that Id proteins promote neural stem-cell adhesion to their niche by driving the transcriptional repression of Rap1GAP, thereby maintaining the activity of the Rap1 GTPase, a known regulator of integrin adhesion. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Lathia & Rich Distinct and separable activities of the endocytic clathrin-coat components Fcho1/2 and AP-2 in developmental patterning pp488 - 501 P. K. Umasankar, Subramaniam Sanker, James R. Thieman, Souvik Chakraborty, Beverly Wendland, Michael Tsang and Linton M. Traub doi:10.1038/ncb2473 Clathrin-mediated endocytosis requires the coordinated spatial and temporal recruitment of adaptor, sorting and cargo proteins. Traub and colleagues investigate this process during zebrafish development and report that the AP-2 adaptor protein complex has a key, early role in clathrin-coated bud formation. Fcho1/2, though necessary for proper development, seems to act downstream of AP-2. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Merrifield Increased mobility of double-strand breaks requires Mec1, Rad9 and the homologous recombination machinery pp502 - 509 Vincent Dion, Véronique Kalck, Chihiro Horigome, Benjamin D. Towbin and Susan M. Gasser doi:10.1038/ncb2465 Repair of double-strand breaks by homologous recombination is thought to involve the movement of damaged chromosomes to facilitate pairing of homologues. Gasser and colleagues have now followed the movement of damaged loci in haploid yeast using time-lapse microscopy, revealing the dynamics of damage-induced movement and the requirement for recombination proteins in this process. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Ira & Hastings Increased chromosome mobility facilitates homology search during recombination pp510 - 517 Judith Miné-Hattab and Rodney Rothstein doi:10.1038/ncb2472 Repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination is thought to involve the movement of damaged chromosomes to facilitate pairing of homologues. Rothstein and colleagues have now followed the movement of damaged loci in diploid yeast by time-lapse microscopy, revealing the dynamics of damage-induced movement and the requirement for repair proteins in this process. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Ira & Hastings Letters Top Drosophila Src regulates anisotropic apical surface growth to control epithelial tube size pp518 - 525 Kevin S. Nelson, Zia Khan, Imre Molnár, József Mihály, Matthias Kaschube and Greg J. Beitel doi:10.1038/ncb2467 Beitel and colleagues show that the proto-oncogene Src regulates tracheal tube dimensions in Drosophila by directing anisotropic apical membrane growth in concert with the formin dDaam. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Src42A-dependent polarized cell shape changes mediate epithelial tube elongation in Drosophila  pp526 - 534 Dominique Förster and Stefan Luschnig doi:10.1038/ncb2456 Luschnig and colleagues show that the oncogene Src instructs changes in cell shape that mediate tracheal tube elongation in Drosophila, and implicate E-Cadherin recycling at adherens junctions in this process. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF The ATM-BID pathway regulates quiescence and survival of haematopoietic stem cells pp535 - 541 Maria Maryanovich, Galia Oberkovitz, Hagit Niv, Lidiya Vorobiyov, Yehudit Zaltsman, Ori Brenner, Tsvee Lapidot, Steffen Jung and Atan Gross doi:10.1038/ncb2468 The ATM motif was previously shown to phosphorylate the BH3-only BID protein, a pro-apoptotic member of the BCL2 family. Using transgenic mice expressing a phosphodefective BID, Gross and colleagues find that the ATM effect on BID prevents its translocation to the mitochondria, where the effects of BID on ROS would trigger haematopoietic stem cells to exit quiescence. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Plasma membrane stress induces relocalization of Slm proteins and activation of TORC2 to promote sphingolipid synthesis pp542 - 547 Doris Berchtold, Manuele Piccolis, Nicolas Chiaruttini, Isabelle Riezman, Howard Riezman, Aurélien Roux, Tobias C. Walther and Robbie Loewith doi:10.1038/ncb2480 The lipid content of the plasma membrane is dynamically regulated to maintain cellular homeostasis, but the molecular links between membrane stress and sphingolipid synthesis have remained elusive. Walther, Loewith and colleagues report that membrane stretching causes redistribution of Slm proteins, which then promote sphingolipid synthesis through activation of the TORC2-Ypk signalling pathway. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF SPEECHLESS integrates brassinosteroid and stomata signalling pathways pp548 - 554 Gustavo E. Gudesblat, Joanna Schneider-Pizon, Camilla Betti, Juliane Mayerhofer, Isabelle Vanhoutte, Walter van Dongen, Sjef Boeren, Miroslava Zhiponova, Sacco de Vries, Claudia Jonak and Eugenia Russinova doi:10.1038/ncb2471 The transcription factor SPEECHLESS (SPCH) is necessary for establishing the stomatal lineage in plants, but the signalling pathways that control this process are not fully understood. Russinova and colleagues report that brassinosteroid signalling regulates stomatal development by inhibiting BIN2-mediated phosphorylation of SPCH. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Corrigendum Top Telomeric DNA damage is irreparable and causes persistent DNA-damage-response activation p555 Marzia Fumagalli, Francesca Rossiello, Michela Clerici, Sara Barozzi, Davide Cittaro, Jessica M. Kaplunov, Gabriele Bucci, Miryana Dobreva, Valentina Matti, Christian M. Beausejour, Utz Herbig, Maria Pia Longhese and Fabrizio d'Adda di Fagagna doi:10.1038/ncb0512-555b Full Text | PDF Erratum Top Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 alleviates Tcf3 repression of the pluripotency network and increases embryonic stem cell resistance to differentiation p555 Jason Wray, Tüzer Kalkan, Sandra Gomez-Lopez, Dominik Eckardt, Andrew Cook, Rolf Kemler and Austin Smith doi:10.1038/ncb0512-555a Full Text | PDF Top Advertisement Nature Outlook: Multiple Sclerosis Nature Outlook: Multiple sclerosis covers the latest research into how MS starts, and explores new ways to diagnose and treat it. 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