Nature Reviews Microbiology contents April 2012 Volume 10 Number 4 pp 235-305

TABLE OF CONTENTS
April 2012 Volume 10 Number 4
Impact Factor 20.686 *	In this issue Editorial Research Highlights News and Analysis Reviews Also this month  Featured article: Modulating immunity as a therapy for bacterial infections Robert E. W. Hancock, Anastasia Nijnik & Dana J. Philpott
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Exploring Human Host-Microbiome Interactions in Health and Disease (8-10 May 2012). Final registrations are invited for this new Wellcome Trust Conference, which will bring together leading scientists from microbiology, ecology, immunology, gastroenterology and paediatrics to discuss the latest developments in this fast-moving field. Full details are on our website.
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Nature Medicine and the Volkswagen Foundation present: Herrenhausen Symposium on Viral Pathogenesis June 4-7, 2012 - Seeon, Germany A subset of leaders in the field will attend the Herrenhausen Symposium and participate in an interdisciplinary discussion that will point in the direction of solutions to the greatest challenges that the field of viral pathogenesis faces. Application deadline: April 13, 2012 For more information and to apply, visit: www.nature.com/natureconferences/hhs2012vp
EDITORIAL		Top
The last 1% p235 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2776 The campaign to eradicate polio has achieved a 99% decrease in the number of polio cases worldwide, but the remaining 1% is the most important. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Cellular microbiology: EPEC puts actin on the Map p236 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2777 A new paper reveals a key role for actin in EPEC-mediated modulation of the activity of a host cell RHO family GTPase. PDF Viral infection: SAMHD1 cuts the power to HIV-1 p237 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2766 SAMHD1 functions by reducing intracellular levels of deoxynucleoside 5′-triphosphates (dNTPs) to below those required for the synthesis of viral DNA. PDF Parasite physiology: Plasmodium gets the PK4 blood test p237 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2774 Phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α by the Plasmodium spp. kinase PK4 is required for establishing the erythrocytic stage of malaria infection. PDF Antimicrobials: Making a fus over FA p238 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2765 In Staphylococcus aureus, the FusB-type family of proteins mediates resistance to fusidic acid by accelerating the release of elongation factor G from the ribosome. PDF Immune evasion: Gm18, a bacterial 'invisibility cloak' p238 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2767 2′-O-methylation of bacterial tRNA can mask its immunostimulatory ability. PDF Bacterial secretion: Highly sprung secretion p238 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2775 A dynamic intracellular tubular structure has been visualized in Vibrio cholerae and shown to function in a manner analogous to the phage tail to drive T6SS effectors out of the cell. PDF IN BRIEF Prions: Not just an artefact | Environmental microbiology: Tampering with cyanobacterial mats | Bacterial genomics: A new source of antimicrobial targets PDF Microbiology JOBS of the week Professor in Systems Microbiology Aalborg University a researcher in environmental microbiology (m / f) Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann Marie Curie Experienced Researcher in NEXT AIR BIOTREAT (Zwolle, Netherlands): Developing the next generation air treatment based on replacing non-renewable resources by microbiology PAS Solutions BV (Pure air solutions) Professor in Systems Microbiology Aalborg University University of Thessaly offers a position of Associate Professor at the Faculty of Medicine in the academic field of Microbiology University of Thessaly More Science jobs from Microbiology EVENT Molecular Basis of Microbial One-Carbon Metabolism 05.-10.08.12 ME, US More science events from
NEWS AND ANALYSIS		Top
GENOME WATCH Beyond the palaeomicrobiology Helena Seth-Smith p240 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2768 This month's Genome Watch highlights the power of palaeomicrobiology in extracting detailed information about the genomes of ancient microorganisms. PDF
DISEASE WATCH In the news p241 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2773 Our monthly round up of infectious diseases news, which this month includes inhibiting autophagy to target H5N1 influenza, how MRSA gained resistance down on the farm and 're-education' for the boy who cried outbreak. PDF
Erratum: Bacterial genomics: Universal bacterial barcode Andrew Jermy p239 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2772 Full Text | PDF
REVIEWS		Top
Modulating immunity as a therapy for bacterial infections Robert E. W. Hancock, Anastasia Nijnik & Dana J. Philpott p243 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2745 Given the rise of antibiotic resistance and the decreasing rate of discovery of new antimicrobials, exploring new paradigms for antimicrobial therapy is essential. Here, Hancock, Nijnik and Philpott describe the promise of one such alternative approach: host-directed immunomodulatory therapies for enhancing protective antimicrobial immunity. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Bacterial RNA thermometers: molecular zippers and switches Jens Kortmann & Franz Narberhaus p255 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2730 RNA thermometers allow bacteria to respond quickly to temperature changes by controlling the translation of existing or nascent mRNAs. Here, Kortmann and Narberhaus discuss zipper-like thermometers, which control the translation of heat shock and virulence genes, and switch-like thermometers, which control the translation of cold shock and phage genes. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
The rise of the Enterococcus: beyond vancomycin resistance Cesar A. Arias & Barbara E. Murray p266 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2761 Arias and Murray discuss the factors that may have contributed to the rise of enterococci as nosocomial pathogens, with an emphasis on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of these species and their mechanisms of resistance to the most relevant anti-enterococcal agents used in clinical practice. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
The structural biology of HIV-1: mechanistic and therapeutic insights Alan Engelman & Peter Cherepanov p279 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2747 HIV-1 has been subjected to more structural analyses than any other virus. Here, Engelman and Cherepanov review recent advances in HIV-1 structural biology, focusing on the impact that these results have had on our understanding of viral replication and on the development of new therapeutics. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Constraining the metabolic genotype–phenotype relationship using a phylogeny of in silico methods Nathan E. Lewis, Harish Nagarajan & Bernhard O. Palsson p291 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro2737 Modelling of metabolic networks has facilitated genome-scale analysis of microbial metabolism for both basic and applied uses. Here, Palsson and colleagues describe the ever-growing 'phylogeny' of constraint-based reconstruction and analysis (COBRA) approaches used for modelling numerous aspects of microbial life. Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Supplementary information
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