Nature Physics February Issue

Advertisement ANNUAL REVIEW OF CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS! Volume 3 will address the most important advances in condensed matter physics and contribute to ongoing research by identifying recent developments and presenting critical appraisals of the various parts of the field. Free abstracts of review articles available now. Download at www.annualreviews.org. TABLE OF CONTENTS February 2012 Volume 8, Issue 2 Editorials Thesis Books and Arts Research Highlights News and Views Letters Articles Corrigenda Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Attending the APS Meeting in Boston? Visit Nature Physics at the Nature Publishing Group booth #139 to: - Take part in our Plinko competition - Browse and take free sample copies of leading journals from NPG, including Nature and Nature Physics - Save up to 30% on personal subscriptions   Editorials Top Five minutes from disaster p101 doi:10.1038/nphys2238 Nuclear weapons, nuclear power and climate change are driving the march of the Doomsday Clock towards midnight. Full Text | PDF Out of the darkness p101 doi:10.1038/nphys2242 The web blackout symbolized concern over potential legislation, which we share. Full Text | PDF Thesis Top Can't get no diffraction? p103 Mark Buchanan doi:10.1038/nphys2224 Full Text | PDF Books and Arts Top Just like that pp104 - 105 Richard Wiseman reviews Magical Mathematics: The Mathematical Ideas that Animate Great Magic Tricks by Persi Diaconis and Ron Graham doi:10.1038/nphys2225 Full Text | PDF Behind the screen p105 Andreas Trabesinger reviews 9 Algorithms That Changed The Future: The Ingenious Ideas That Drive Today's Computers by John MacCormick doi:10.1038/nphys2229 Full Text | PDF Research Highlights Top Upholding the law | Millikan recharged | Quantum chemistry cut short | Quantum speed limit | How the galaxy got its field News and Views Top Entanglement preservation: The Sleeping Beauty approach pp107 - 108 Alexander N. Korotkov doi:10.1038/nphys2209 Two-qubit entanglement can be preserved by partially measuring the qubits to leave them in a 'lethargic' state. The original state is restored using quantum measurement reversal after the qubits have travelled through a decoherence channel. Full Text | PDF See also: Letter by Kim et al. Thermodynamics: A Stirling effort pp108 - 109 Jordan M. Horowitz and Juan M. R. Parrondo doi:10.1038/nphys2184 The realization of a single-particle Stirling engine pushes thermodynamics into stochastic territory where fluctuations dominate, and points towards a better understanding of energy transduction at the microscale. Full Text | PDF See also: Letter by Blickle & Bechinger Optomechanical systems: Hot electrons but cool vibrations pp110 - 111 Andrew Armour doi:10.1038/nphys2215 The electronic degrees of freedom in semiconductor membranes provide an innovative new way of cooling mechanical motion. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Usami et al. Graphene: Carbon's superconducting footprint pp111 - 112 Oskar Vafek doi:10.1038/nphys2223 Graphene exhibits many extraordinary properties, but superconductivity isn't one of them. Two theoretical studies suggest that by decorating the surface of graphene with the right species of dopant atoms, or by using ionic liquid gating, superconductivity could yet be induced. Full Text | PDF See also: Letter by Profeta et al. | Article by Nandkishore et al. Quasicrystals: Unearthly beauty p112 Andreas Trabesinger doi:10.1038/nphys2230 Full Text | PDF Quantum control: Through the quantum chicane pp113 - 114 Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg doi:10.1038/nphys2222 In quantum control there is an inherent tension between high fidelity requirements and the need for speed to avoid decoherence. A direct comparison of quantum control protocols at these two extremes indicates where the sweet spot may lie. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Bason et al. Information storage: Dense bytes from antiferromagnetic bits p114 Ed Gerstner doi:10.1038/nphys2227 Full Text | PDF Semiconductor spintronics: Doppler speed gun for spins pp115 - 116 Giovanni Vignale doi:10.1038/nphys2187 An experimental technique based on Doppler velocimetry provides a detailed picture of electronic spins as they diffuse, drift and turn under the action of an electric field in a two-dimensional electron gas. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Yang et al. Materials physics: Sleight of handedness p116 Abigail Klopper doi:10.1038/nphys2228 Full Text | PDF Physics JOBS of the week Physicist - Experimental Physics – Research Paramount Recruitment Team-Leader Position in Theoretical Chemistry / Physics Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Postdoctoral fellowship in theoretical astroparticle physics Universite de Liege PhD Studentship in Computational Biophysics University of Wollongong, Australia Experienced Researcher on Life integrity management for glass-fibre reinforced composites Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic More Science jobs from Physics EVENT Plasma Physics Group Annual Conference 2nd April - 5th April 2012 Oxford, UK More science events from Letters Top Protecting entanglement from decoherence using weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal pp117 - 120 Yong-Su Kim, Jong-Chan Lee, Osung Kwon and Yoon-Ho Kim doi:10.1038/nphys2178 The unavoidable coupling between a quantum state and its environment leads to decoherence. Weak measurements—indirectly observing a quantum state without disturbing it—are now shown to be a useful tool for reducing or even nullifying the effects of decoherence. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Korotkov Magnetoelectric resonance with electromagnons in a perovskite helimagnet pp121 - 125 Youtarou Takahashi, Ryo Shimano, Yoshio Kaneko, Hiroshi Murakawa and Yoshinori Tokura doi:10.1038/nphys2161 Electromagnons are excitations that exhibit both electric and magnetic dipole moments, and are expected to enhance the coupling of magnetization and polarization in multiferroic materials. The identification of electromagnons in a perovskite helimagent may be useful in the development of ways to manipulate light. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Phase separation and magnetic order in K-doped iron selenide superconductor pp126 - 130 Wei Li, Hao Ding, Peng Deng, Kai Chang, Canli Song, Ke He, Lili Wang, Xucun Ma, Jiang-Ping Hu, Xi Chen and Qi-Kun Xue doi:10.1038/nphys2155 The discovery that potassium-doped iron selenide undergoes phase separation into a defect-free superconducting phase and an iron-vacancy-ordered insulating phase resolves many questions about the unusual behaviour of this iron-based superconductor. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Phonon-mediated superconductivity in graphene by lithium deposition pp131 - 134 Gianni Profeta, Matteo Calandra and Francesco Mauri doi:10.1038/nphys2181 Graphene exhibits many extraordinary properties. But, despite many attempts to find ways to induce it, superconductivity is not one of them. First-principles calculations suggest that by decorating the surface of graphene with lithium atoms, it could yet be made to superconduct. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Vafek Imaging molecular potentials using ultrahigh-resolution resonant photoemission pp135 - 138 Catalin Miron, Christophe Nicolas, Oksana Travnikova, Paul Morin, Yuping Sun, Faris Gel/'mukhanov, Nobuhiro Kosugi and Victor Kimberg doi:10.1038/nphys2159 Photoelectron spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for better understanding the energy levels of molecules. However, many levels remain hidden because of transition selection rules or a high density of states. Using X-rays to excite core-shell electrons and monitoring their Auger decay enables the extraction of previously hidden molecular-potential curves. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Focusing of short-pulse high-intensity laser-accelerated proton beams pp139 - 142 Teresa Bartal, Mark E. Foord, Claudio Bellei, Michael H. Key, Kirk A. Flippo, Sandrine A. Gaillard, Dustin T. Offermann, Pravesh K. Patel, Leonard C. Jarrott, Drew P. Higginson, Markus Roth, Anke Otten, Dominik Kraus, Richard B. Stephens, Harry S. McLean, Emilio M. Giraldez, Mingsheng S. Wei, Donald C. Gautier and Farhat N. Beg doi:10.1038/nphys2153 When an intense laser pulse hits a flat metal foil, it ejects a spray of high-energy protons. Laser irradiation of a curved foil covering the tip of a hollow cone focuses the protons to intensities that could be useful for generating extreme states of matter. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Realization of a micrometre-sized stochastic heat engine pp143 - 146 Valentin Blickle and Clemens Bechinger doi:10.1038/nphys2163 An optically trapped colloidal particle serves as the first realization of a stochastic thermal engine, extending our understanding of the thermodynamics behind the Carnot cycle to microscopic scales where fluctuations dominate. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Horowitz & Parrondo Articles Top High-fidelity quantum driving pp147 - 152 Mark G. Bason, Matthieu Viteau, Nicola Malossi, Paul Huillery, Ennio Arimondo, Donatella Ciampini, Rosario Fazio, Vittorio Giovannetti, Riccardo Mannella and Oliver Morsch doi:10.1038/nphys2170 Transforming a quantum system with high fidelity is usually a trade-off between an increase in speed—thereby minimizing decoherence—and robustness against fluctuating control parameters. Protocols at these two extreme limits are now demonstrated and compared using Bose-Einstein condensates in optical traps. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Hollenberg Doppler velocimetry of spin propagation in a two-dimensional electron gas pp153 - 157 Luyi Yang, J. D. Koralek, J. Orenstein, D. R. Tibbetts, J. L. Reno and M. P. Lilly doi:10.1038/nphys2157 An optical technique based on Doppler velocimetry reveals important aspects of the physics underlying the propagation of spin polarization in a two-dimensional electron gas. The spin mobility is shown to track the high electron mobility, but coherent spin precession is lost at temperatures near 150 K, posing a challenge for future spintronics devices. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Vignale Chiral superconductivity from repulsive interactions in doped graphene pp158 - 163 Rahul Nandkishore, L. S. Levitov and A. V. Chubukov doi:10.1038/nphys2208 Chiral superconducting states are expected to support a variety of exotic and potentially useful phenomena. Theoretical analysis suggests that just such a state could emerge in a doped graphene monolayer. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Vafek Non-monotonic temperature evolution of dynamic correlations in glass-forming liquids pp164 - 167 Walter Kob, Sándalo Roldán-Vargas and Ludovic Berthier doi:10.1038/nphys2133 Glass-forming liquids are generally thought to relax through a collective rearrangement of domains, correlated over a length scale that increases with decreasing temperature. A numerical study now reveals a surprising twist to the story, claiming that relaxation depends non-monotonically on temperature. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Optical cavity cooling of mechanical modes of a semiconductor nanomembrane pp168 - 172 K. Usami, A. Naesby, T. Bagci, B. Melholt Nielsen, J. Liu, S. Stobbe, P. Lodahl and E. S. Polzik doi:10.1038/nphys2196 A novel mechanism for cooling nanomechanical objects has now been demonstrated. Optically excited electron-hole pairs produce a mechanical stress that damps the motion of a gallium arsenide membrane. In this way, the nanoscale resonator is cooled from room temperature to 4 K. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Armour Corrigenda Top Dirac cones reshaped by interaction effects in suspended graphene p172 D. C. Elias, R. V. Gorbachev, A. S. Mayorov, S. V. Morozov, A. A. Zhukov, P. Blake, L. A. Ponomarenko, I. V. Grigorieva, K. S. Novoselov, F. Guinea and A. K. Geim doi:10.1038/nphys2213 Full Text | PDF Long-range Kondo signature of a single magnetic impurity p172 Henning Prüser, Martin Wenderoth, Piet E. Dargel, Alexander Weismann, Robert Peters, Thomas Pruschke and Rainer G. Ulbrich doi:10.1038/nphys2218 Full Text | PDF Top Advertisement Frontiers in Electronic Materials: Correlation Effects and Memristive Phenomena June 17-20, 2012 • Aachen, Germany This conference will bring together leaders in the field to discuss breakthroughs and challenges in fundamental research as well as prospects for future applications. To register and for more information, visit: www.nature.com/natureconferences/fem2012   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. 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