Nature Cell Biology contents: February 2012 Volume 14 Number 2, pp 115 - 221

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Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Comment Top On target: A public repository for large-scale RNAi experiments p115 Caroline E. Shamu, Stefan Wiemann and Michael Boutros doi:10.1038/ncb2435 Many RNA interference (RNAi) screens are now performed to functionally annotate the mammalian genome. Implementing a public repository based on common data standards is essential to realize the full value of largescale RNAi data sets. Full Text | PDF Turning Points Top Finding MyoD with a little help from my friends p116 Andrew Lassar doi:10.1038/ncb2421 Full Text | PDF Review Top Emerging functions of the VCP/p97 AAA-ATPase in the ubiquitin system pp117 - 123 Hemmo Meyer, Monika Bug and Sebastian Bremer doi:10.1038/ncb2407 Abstract | Full Text | PDF News and Views Top Stromal miR-320 keeps an oncogenic secretome in check pp124 - 125 Yeesim Khew-Goodall and Gregory J. Goodall doi:10.1038/ncb2431 Cancer-associated fibroblasts contribute to malignancy by expressing secreted pro-tumorigenic molecules. The microRNA miR-320 is now shown to be a crucial component of a PTEN-controlled tumour-suppressive axis in stromal fibroblasts. Loss of PTEN and miR-320 induces an oncogenic secretome that reprogrammes the tumour microenvironment to promote invasion and angiogenesis. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Bronisz et al. Efficient generation of adipocytes in a dish pp126 - 127 Andrew G. Elefanty and Edouard G. Stanley doi:10.1038/ncb2430 A protocol for efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into white and brown adipocytes now enables their detailed examination at a cellular and molecular level, facilitating the study of adipocyte dysfunction in a range of metabolic diseases including diabetes, heart disease and obesity. Full Text | PDF See also: Resource by Ahfeldt et al. Ras hitchhikes on PDE6δ pp128 - 129 Mark R. Philips doi:10.1038/ncb2429 Ras GTPases are tethered to cellular membranes by a farnesyl lipid that modifies a carboxy-terminal cysteine. One of the ways Ras traffics between membranes is via fluid-phase diffusion, suggesting that a cytosolic chaperone might be needed to shield the farnesyl lipid during transport. PDE6δ is now revealed to be a farnesyl-binding chaperone that facilitates the trafficking and signalling of Ras. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Chandra et al. Cell Biology JOBS of the week Research Assistant-Mouse Work National University of Singapore Post-Doctoral Research Fellow in Stem Cell Epigenetics IMB Mainz Postdoc University of Fribourg / Switzerland Stem Cells for Drug Discovery and Neural Repair UC Davis Postdoctoral Research Fellow Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC) More Science jobs from Cell Biology EVENT Cellular Oncology Conference � New insights leading to clinical advancement 04.-08.03.12 Spain More science events from Research Highlights Top Controlling enteric nerve cell migration | Aggregation is key for chimeric monkeys | Actin gets the oxidation treatment from Mical | A mitochondria-lysosome transport pathway Advertisement Challenging Stem Cell Experiments? The Solution: Advanced TC™ • Innovative polymer modification improves cellular adhesion • Positive effects on cell functionality and performance • Enhanced propagation of fastidious cells • Improved cell expansion under limited growth conditions • Better assay consistency • Long-term stability and storage at room temperature Download our latest publication now! More: www.gbo.com/bioscience   Articles Top Endocytosis by Numb breaks Notch symmetry at cytokinesis pp131 - 139 Lydie Couturier, Nicolas Vodovar and François Schweisguth doi:10.1038/ncb2419 Asymmetric Notch signalling is important in many developmental contexts, including the division of fly sensory organ precursor (SOP) cells. Here, Notch is inactivated by Numb in the resulting pIIb daughter cell while remaining active in pIIa to direct cell fate. Using live imaging, Schweisguth and colleagues reveal that Numb and Sanpodo act together, modulating Notch trafficking to deplete it on the pIIb side of the SOP cytokinetic furrow. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Multicilin promotes centriole assembly and ciliogenesis during multiciliate cell differentiation pp140 - 147 J. L. Stubbs, E. K. Vladar, J. D. Axelrod and C. Kintner doi:10.1038/ncb2406 Several specialized cell types assemble hundreds of motile cilia to accomplish their function. Kintner and colleagues identify the coiled-coil protein multicilin as an essential regulator of multicilia formation in Xenopus skin and the mammalian kidney. Their data indicate that multicilin activates the transcription of genes required for multicilia formation, including the transcription factor Foxj1. Abstract | Full Text | PDF The GDI-like solubilizing factor PDEδ sustains the spatial organization and signalling of Ras family proteins pp148 - 158 Anchal Chandra, Hernán E. Grecco, Venkat Pisupati, David Perera, Liam Cassidy, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Shehab A. Ismail, Christian Hedberg, Michael Hanzal-Bayer, Ashok R. Venkitaraman, Alfred Wittinghofer and Philippe I. H. Bastiaens doi:10.1038/ncb2394 Bastiaens and colleagues find that PDEδ can solubilize Ras family small GTPases, resulting in their release from cellular membranes. This concentrates Ras proteins at specific subcellular locations, which promotes their eventual association with the plasma membrane and potentiates Ras-mediated signal transduction. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Philips Reprogramming of the tumour microenvironment by stromal PTEN-regulated miR-320 pp159 - 167 A. Bronisz, J. Godlewski, J. A. Wallace, A.S. Merchant, M.O. Nowicki, H. Mathsyaraja, R. Srinivasan, A. J. Trimboli, C. K. Martin, F. Li, L. Yu, S. A. Fernandez, T. Pécot, T. J. Rosol, S. Cory, M. Hallett, M. Park, M. G. Piper, C. B. Marsh, L. D. Yee, R. E. Jimenez, G. Nuovo, S. E. Lawler, E. A. Chiocca, G. Leone and M. C. Ostrowski doi:10.1038/ncb2396 Ostrowski and colleagues identify a tumour-suppressive pathway in the tumour stroma. They show that PTEN loss in stromal fibroblasts downregulates miR-320, leading to the upregulation of the ETS2 transcription factor and the induction of a secretome that promotes tumour growth, invasion and angiogenesis. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Khew-Goodall & Goodall APC/C-mediated multiple monoubiquitylation provides an alternative degradation signal for cyclin B1 pp168 - 176 Nevena V. Dimova, Nathaniel A. Hathaway, Byung-Hoon Lee, Donald S. Kirkpatrick, Marie Lea Berkowitz, Steven P. Gygi, Daniel Finley and Randall W. King doi:10.1038/ncb2425 Cyclin B is targeted for proteasome-mediated degradation by the E3 ligase APC/C, which is thought to generate polyubiquitin chains for the degradation of mitotic substrates. King and colleagues now demonstrate in Xenopus laevis extracts that multiple monoubiquitylation events are sufficient to target cyclin B1 for degradation. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Letters Top Mitochondrial outer-membrane protein FUNDC1 mediates hypoxia-induced mitophagy in mammalian cells pp177 - 185 Lei Liu, Du Feng, Guo Chen, Ming Chen, Qiaoxia Zheng, Pingping Song, Qi Ma, Chongzhuo Zhu, Rui Wang, Wanjun Qi, Lei Huang, Peng Xue, Baowei Li, Xiaohui Wang, Haijing Jin, Jun Wang, Fuquan Yang, Pingsheng Liu, Yushan Zhu, Senfang Sui and Quan Chen doi:10.1038/ncb2422 Damaged mitochondria can be removed by mitophagy, but how this organelle is recognized by the autophagy machinery is unclear. Chen and colleagues show that FUNDC1, an integral mitochondrial outer membrane protein, interacts with light chain 3 (LC3) and is essential for hypoxia-induced mitophagy. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Wnt7a-Fzd7 signalling directly activates the Akt/mTOR anabolic growth pathway in skeletal muscle pp186 - 191 Julia von Maltzahn, C. Florian Bentzinger and Michael A. Rudnicki doi:10.1038/ncb2404 Wnt signalling regulates development and differentiation through both canonical and non-canonical pathways. Rudnicki and colleagues find that Wnt7a-Fzd7 activates Gαs to promote Akt/mTOR pathway activation, and show that this non-canonical Wnt signalling pathway elicits myofibre hypertrophy in vivo. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Toll-like receptor activation suppresses ER stress factor CHOP and translation inhibition through activation of eIF2B pp192 - 200 Connie W. Woo, Lydia Kutzler, Scot R. Kimball and Ira Tabas doi:10.1038/ncb2408 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response inhibits de novo protein translation and activates CHOP. However, the long-term induction of these pathways in response to prolonged ER stress would be detrimental. Tabas and colleagues now reveal a mechanism through which Toll-like receptor signalling suppresses CHOP activation and promotes protein translation, thus allowing cells to adapt to persistent ER stress. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF The LIMD1 protein bridges an association between the prolyl hydroxylases and VHL to repress HIF-1 activity pp201 - 208 Daniel E. Foxler, Katherine S. Bridge, Victoria James, Thomas M. Webb, Maureen Mee, Sybil C. K. Wong, Yunfeng Feng, Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu, Thorgunnur Eyfjord Petursdottir, Johannes Bjornsson, Sigurdur Ingvarsson, Peter J. Ratcliffe, Gregory D. Longmore and Tyson V. Sharp doi:10.1038/ncb2424 Oxygen levels regulate the stability of the transcription factor HIF-1 through the action of prolyl hydroxylases and the VHL ubiquitin ligase. Sharp and colleagues now identify a protein complex in which the Ajuba LIM-domain protein LIMD1 brings together prolyl hydroxylases and VHL to ensure efficient degradation of HIF-1. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Resource Top Programming human pluripotent stem cells into white and brown adipocytes pp209 - 219 Tim Ahfeldt, Robert T. Schinzel, Youn-Kyoung Lee, David Hendrickson, Adam Kaplan, David H. Lum, Raymond Camahort, Fang Xia, Jennifer Shay, Eugene P. Rhee, Clary B. Clish, Rahul C. Deo, Tony Shen, Frank H. Lau, Alicia Cowley, Greg Mowrer, Heba Al-Siddiqi, Matthias Nahrendorf, Kiran Musunuru, Robert E. Gerszten, John L. Rinn and Chad A. Cowan doi:10.1038/ncb2411 Cowan and colleagues have developed a method to efficiently differentiate human pluripotent stem cells into functional white or brown adipocytes, through the transient expression of PPARG2 alone or in combination with CEBP and PRDM16. The programmed cells are able to give rise to ectopic fat pads with white or brown adipose tissue characteristics. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Elefanty & Stanley Corrigendum Top Increasing organismal healthspan by enhancing mitochondrial protein quality control p220 Karin Luce and Heinz D. Osiewacz doi:10.1038/ncb2433 Full Text | PDF Erratum Top COPII and the regulation of protein sorting in mammals p221 Giulia Zanetti, Kanika Bajaj Pahuja, Sean Studer, Soomin Shim and Randy Schekman doi:10.1038/ncb2434 Full Text | PDF Top Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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