Nature Neuroscience Contents: March 2012 Volume 15 Number 3, pp 339 - 495

TABLE OF CONTENTS March 2012 Volume 15, Issue 3 Editorial News and Views Reviews Brief Communications Articles Technical Report Resource Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Roche - Nature Medicine Translational Neuroscience Symposium 2012 Autism Spectrum Disorders: From Biological Understanding to Therapeutic Strategies April 23-25, 2012 - Buonas, Switzerland This symposium aims at bringing together the world?s most distinguished scientists and academics in the areas of autism and neurodevelopmental disorders to share their latest work with each other and around 40 members of Roche's Neuroscience team. Application deadline: March 12, 2012 www.nature.com/natureconferences/tns2012   Editorial Top Moderating supplementary data p339 doi:10.1038/nn0312-339 Nature Neuroscience announces changes to its supplementary information guidelines and expands the space allowed for methods. Full Text | PDF News and Views Top Dynamic decision making in the brain pp341 - 342 John Pearson and Michael L Platt doi:10.1038/nn.3049 How do we make decisions? A study uses MEG to provide the spatial as well as the temporal resolution needed to answer this question, together with computational modeling, which allows for complex non-linear decision models. This work helps resolve some of the seemingly contradictory results from previous work. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Hunt et al. NMDA receptor permeation: a light in the tunnel pp343 - 344 David J A Wyllie and Stephen F Traynelis doi:10.1038/nn.3058 A single amino acid residue determines single-channel conductance, ion permeation and channel block in the NMDA receptor, three of the key features of this ligand-gated ion channel. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Retchless et al. Cilia: conductors' batons of neuronal maturation pp344 - 345 Fadel Tissir and Andre M Goffinet doi:10.1038/nn.3050 The primary cilium, a signal transduction organelle, is present on the cell bodies of adult-born dentate gyrus granule cells as they begin maturation. In its absence, their maturation and integration are impaired. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Kumamoto et al. Mapping out hippocampal inhibition pp346 - 347 Iris Oren and Dimitri M Kullmann doi:10.1038/nn.3056 A synthesis of opto- and pharmacogenetics is beginning to reveal how various interneuron types direct incoming traffic in the hippocampus to help create a map of the environment. Full Text | PDF See also: Article by Lovett-Barron et al. Neuroscience JOBS of the week Associate Medical Director (MD)- Neuro Med Affairs Genentech Postdoctoral Scholar University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT Southwestern) (UTSW) Postdoctoral Fellowship in Stem Cell and Epithelial Biology National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Eye Institute (NEI) Professorship in Research on Dementia with Lewy Bodies University Of Toronto / Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases The GSK-TLGM Fellowship in Neurodegeneration Translational Lab in Genetic Medicine, SICS, A-STAR More Science jobs from Neuroscience EVENT FENS Forum of Neuroscience 14.-17.07.12 Barcelona, Spain More science events from Reviews Top The toxic Aβ oligomer and Alzheimer's disease: an emperor in need of clothes pp349 - 357 Iryna Benilova, Eric Karran and Bart De Strooper doi:10.1038/nn.3028 This review article discusses the basis of β-amyloid's contribution to Alzheimer's disease pathology and critically examines the toxic Aβ oligomer hypothesis. Abstract | Full Text | PDF The impact of orbitofrontal dysfunction on cocaine addiction pp358 - 366 Federica Lucantonio, Thomas A Stalnaker, Yavin Shaham, Yael Niv and Geoffrey Schoenbaum doi:10.1038/nn.3014 Here the authors review evidence suggesting that cocaine-induced changes in orbitofrontal cortex disrupt the representation of states and transition functions that form the basis of flexible behavioral control, resulting in reliance on less flexible control systems and consequently in the pattern of maladaptive behaviors associated with cocaine addiction. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Brief Communications Top Autocrine/juxtaparacrine regulation of axon fasciculation by Slit-Robo signaling pp367 - 369 Alexander Jaworski and Marc Tessier-Lavigne doi:10.1038/nn.3037 This study uncovers a previously unknown function of Slit2, a known axonal guidance molecule, and Robo receptors in regulating fasciculation of motor axons during muscle target innervation. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Thalamic control of cortical states pp370 - 372 James F A Poulet, Laura M J Fernandez, Sylvain Crochet and Carl C H Petersen doi:10.1038/nn.3035 Cortical states regulate behavior, but the network mechanisms underlying cortical states are unknown. Here the authors show that the desynchronized cortical state that occurs during active behavior is driven by an increase in thalamic firing independent of sensory input, which can be mimicked by optogenetic stimulation of the thalamus. First paragraph | Full Text | PDF Articles Top A role for mDia, a Rho-regulated actin nucleator, in tangential migration of interneuron precursors pp373 - 380 Ryota Shinohara, Dean Thumkeo, Hiroshi Kamijo, Naoko Kaneko, Kazunobu Sawamoto, Keisuke Watanabe, Hirohide Takebayashi, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Toshimasa Ishizaki, Tomoyuki Furuyashiki and Shuh Narumiya doi:10.1038/nn.3020 In this study, the authors show that mDia1 and mDia3 are necessary for the tangential migration of interneuron precursors, but are dispensable for radial migration. These proteins act via a Rho/ROCK-mediated pathway to regulate F-actin accumulation and nuclear translocation. Abstract | Full Text | PDF PSD-95 is post-transcriptionally repressed during early neural development by PTBP1 and PTBP2 pp381 - 388 Sika Zheng, Erin E Gray, Geetanjali Chawla, Bo Torben Porse, Thomas J O'Dell and Douglas L Black doi:10.1038/nn.3026 In this study, the authors show that Psd-95 mRNA is regulated by an alternative splicing and nonsense-mediated decay mechanism involving PTBP1 and PTBP2. The downregulation of these proteins with development allows for the expression of PSD-95 and synaptic maturation. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Selective control of inhibitory synapse development by Slitrk3-PTPδ trans-synaptic interaction pp389 - 398 Hideto Takahashi, Kei-ichi Katayama, Kazuhiro Sohya, Hiroyuki Miyamoto, Tuhina Prasad, Yoshifumi Matsumoto, Maya Ota, Hiroki Yasuda, Tadaharu Tsumoto, Jun Aruga and Ann Marie Craig doi:10.1038/nn.3040 Slit and NTRK-like family member (Slitrk) proteins are known to have typical peptide signatures for synaptogenic cell adhesion. This study reveals a specific function of Slitrk3 and tyrosine phosphatase receptor PTPδ transynaptic interaction in inhibitory synaptogenesis and excitatory and inhibitory balance. Abstract | Full Text | PDF A role for primary cilia in glutamatergic synaptic integration of adult-born neurons pp399 - 405 Natsuko Kumamoto, Yan Gu, Jia Wang, Stephen Janoschka, Ken-Ichi Takemaru, Joel Levine and Shaoyu Ge doi:10.1038/nn.3042 The authors describe the role of the primary cilium in the synaptic integration of adult-born hippocampal neurons. Preventing cilia formation in adult-born neurons causes deficits in dendritic refinement and synaptic formation. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Tissir & Goffinet A single GluN2 subunit residue controls NMDA receptor channel properties via intersubunit interaction pp406 - 413 Beth Siegler Retchless, Wei Gao and Jon W Johnson doi:10.1038/nn.3025 The authors investigate the basis of the variations in the channel properties of NMDAR subtypes and report that the specificity of the Mg2+ block, the selective permeability to Ca2+ and the single-channel conductance are all primarily controlled by the residue at a single GluN2 site in the M3 transmembrane region. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Wyllie & Traynelis Persistent cortical plasticity by upregulation of chondroitin 6-sulfation pp414 - 422 Shinji Miyata, Yukio Komatsu, Yumiko Yoshimura, Choji Taya and Hiroshi Kitagawa doi:10.1038/nn.3023 The authors report that a developmental increase in the 4-sulfation/6-sulfation ratio of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans modulates the maturity of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and leads to the termination of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity in the mouse visual cortex. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Regulation of neuronal input transformations by tunable dendritic inhibition pp423 - 430 Matthew Lovett-Barron, Gergely F Turi, Patrick Kaifosh, Peter H Lee, Frédéric Bolze, Xiao-Hua Sun, Jean-François Nicoud, Boris V Zemelman, Scott M Sternson and Attila Losonczy doi:10.1038/nn.3024 The authors use optical activation and cell type-specific pharmacogenetic silencing in vitro to show that dendritic inhibition critically regulates input-output transformations in mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. Dendrite-targeting interneurons are themselves modulated by interneurons targeting pyramidal cell somata. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Oren & Kullmann Disrupted Homer scaffolds mediate abnormal mGluR5 function in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome pp431 - 440 Jennifer A Ronesi, Katie A Collins, Seth A Hays, Nien-Pei Tsai, Weirui Guo, Shari G Birnbaum, Jia-Hua Hu, Paul F Worley, Jay R Gibson and Kimberly M Huber doi:10.1038/nn.3033 This study shows that the interaction between metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and a specific form of the scaffolding protein Homer contributes to the behavioral and physiological defects in the mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Disentangling the functional consequences of the connectivity between optic-flow processing neurons pp441 - 448 Franz Weber, Christian K. Machens and Alexander Borst doi:10.1038/nn.3044 This study uses computational modeling of the interaction between two optic-flow processing neurons (Vi and H1) in the fly to examine the effect of synaptic coupling on stimulus processing. Analysis by a generative model shows that coupling enhances encoding of optic-flow in Vi such that the information per spike is maximized. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Activity recall in a visual cortical ensemble pp449 - 455 Shengjin Xu, Wanchen Jiang, Mu-ming Poo and Yang Dan doi:10.1038/nn.3036 Recording in the rat primary visual cortex, this study finds that after repeated exposure to a light spot moving along the same path, just seeing the static spot at its start position is sufficient to cause the sequence of activity associated with the movements of the spot along its path. This activity may contribute to cue-triggered recall of learned sequences. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Theta coupling between V4 and prefrontal cortex predicts visual short-term memory performance pp456 - 462 Stefanie Liebe, Gregor M Hoerzer, Nikos K Logothetis and Gregor Rainer doi:10.1038/nn.3038 Using direct recordings in monkeys, the authors find that theta-band synchronization between V4 and prefrontal cortex is likely to be important for the maintenance of short-term visual memory. These synchronizations provide a means for distant cortical areas to communicate with each other during the performance of a cognitive task. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Saccade-confounded image statistics explain visual crowding pp463 - 469 Anirvan S Nandy and Bosco S Tjan doi:10.1038/nn.3021 This study demonstrates that visual crowding (the inability to identify objects in clutter) develops as a result of interactions between peripheral attention and saccade-induced image displacements. The authors suggest that this offers a much more generalized explanation for the phenomenon of visual crowding. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Mechanisms underlying cortical activity during value-guided choice pp470 - 476 Laurence T Hunt, Nils Kolling, Alireza Soltani, Mark W Woolrich, Matthew F S Rushworth and Timothy E J Behrens doi:10.1038/nn.3017 This study uses a combination of computational modeling and magnetoencephalography to track activity while people make decisions, and finds that prefrontal and parietal cortex activity is consistent with mutual inhibition between competing options during decision-making. This activity is likely to represent a mechanism for the comparison of values while making choices. Abstract | Full Text | PDF See also: News and Views by Pearson & Platt Technical Report Top Human cerebral cortex development from pluripotent stem cells to functional excitatory synapses pp477 - 486 Yichen Shi, Peter Kirwan, James Smith, Hugh P C Robinson and Frederick J Livesey doi:10.1038/nn.3041 In this study, the authors direct human iPS and ES cells to adopt cortical progenitor and, subsequently, mature projection neurons with functional synaptic connections. This protocol is able to generate both deep and upper layer neurons in proper temporal order. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Resource Top Transcriptional code and disease map for adult retinal cell types pp487 - 495 Sandra Siegert, Erik Cabuy, Brigitte Gross Scherf, Hubertus Kohler, Satchidananda Panda, Yun-Zheng Le, Hans Jörg Fehling, Dimos Gaidatzis, Michael B Stadler and Botond Roska doi:10.1038/nn.3032 Using several lines of retinal cell type-specific GENSET BAC transgenic GFP mice, the authors segregated these retinal cell types then subjected them to transcriptome microarray analysis to provide a transcriptional 'barcode' of retinal cell identity. Abstract | Full Text | PDF Top Advertisement Nature.com presents Antibodypedia Finding the right antibody for the right application just got easier! 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