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Here is your customized PHYSorg.com Newsletter for June 2, 2010:
Spotlight Stories Headlines
- Physicsts reveal how to cope with 'frustration'- Coffee consumption unrelated to alertness
- Flow in Earth's mantle moves mountains: study
- Google's Chrome computing system to debut in autumn
- Teenagers cannot concentrate because their brains are undeveloped
- Binge drinking adolescent monkeys' brains seriously damaged by alcohol
- First images of heavy electrons in action (w/ Video)
- Scientists use nature's design principles to create specialized nanofabrics
- Japanese firm wants to transform the Moon into a giant solar power plant
- More is less: Complex computer models can involve thousands of variables
- Researcher's Robots Learn From Environment, Not Programming
- Researchers Link Tooth Chipping in Fossils With Diets of Early Humans
- Spiral, barred, elliptical and irregular: Computers automatically classify galaxy shapes
- Arctic ice at low point compared to recent geologic history
- Marmots can teach us about obesity
Space & Earth news
Fossil-fuel use and feeding world cause greatest environmental impacts: UNEP panel
How the world is fed and fueled will in large part define development in the 21st century as one that is increasingly sustainable or a dead end for billions of people.
ExoMars: European robotic mission to Mars
A development model of the Mars Rover, called Bridget, was on display at the University of Leicester today providing invited schoolchildren as well as staff and students with an exciting glimpse into the shape of things to come.
Thales Alenia wins Iridium deal for 81 satellites: company
Thales Alenia Space has won a contract worth 2.1 billion dollars (1.7 billion euros) for a giant programme to build 81 communications satellites for US group Iridium, Iridium said on Wednesday.
Seal bulls in the service of science
"Gustavo" is an imposing bull always in search of the best feeding grounds. The elephant seal weighing 3 tons and measuring 4 metres in length belongs to a group of 14 animals that serve researchers of the Alfred Wegener Institute as scientific assistants since recently. At the beginning of the Antarctic winter - from mid-March to the end of April - the mighty elephant seal bulls were tagged with state-of-the-art satellite transmitters at the Dallmann Laboratory on King George Island. In the coming months marine biologists Dr. Joachim Plotz and Dr. Horst Bornemann can now follow from their desk in Bremerhaven where the animals migrate, where they find prey at what depth and under what oceanographic conditions the food supply is exceptionally good in the Southern Ocean.
Astronauts land safely in Kazakhstan after mission
A Russian Soyuz spacecraft on Wednesday brought a Russian cosmonaut and US and Japanese astronauts safely back to Earth on the steppe of Kazakhstan after a five-and-a-half month stay in space.
Saw stuck in ruptured Gulf oil pipe: official
BP's latest effort to stem the oil spewing from a ruptured well a mile (1.6 kilometers) deep in the Gulf of Mexico hit a setback when a saw snagged while cutting a riser pipe, officials said Wednesday.
Atmospheric scientists start monthlong air sampling campaign
More than 60 scientists from a dozen institutions have converged on this urban area to study how tiny particles called aerosols affect the climate. Sending airplanes and weather balloons outfitted with instruments up in the air, the team will be sampling aerosols in the Sacramento Valley from June 2-28.
Going underground to monitor carbon dioxide
A technique originally, applied to monitor the flow of contaminants into shallow groundwater supplies, has been repurposed to monitor carbon dioxide pumped deep underground for storage.
Like the writer, Agatha was a brief mystery
Tropical Storm Agatha made landfall this weekend in El Salvador and Guatemala, and crossed into the western Caribbean. Like Agatha Christie, the famous mystery writer, Agatha was somewhat of a forecasting mystery until today.
Tropical Cyclone Phet intensifies, coastal Oman bracing for strong winds, heavy rains
Tropical storm Phet intensified over the last 24 hours and has grown into a full-blown and powerful cyclone. NASA's Terra satellite imagery of the storm from earlier today also revealed an eye in the storm, confirming the intensification. Residents of coastal Oman are bracing for strong winds, heavy rainfall and rough surf today and tomorrow.
ORNL sows seeds with new agricultural carbon accounting tool
Carbon dioxide emissions from agricultural activity in the United States can now be tracked with unprecedented resolution because of a method developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Astronaut's eye view: Mars Express orbiting the Red Planet (w/ Video)
(PhysOrg.com) -- This video shows what future astronauts would see from their cockpit: Mars turning below as they sweep around the Red Planet. Last month, ESA's Mars Express snapped images every minute to create a unique video that loops through a complete orbit of Earth's gorgeous neighbour.
Research makes lake and stream conservation more effective
Michigan State University scientists have developed a pioneering, comprehensive approach that makes conserving and managing freshwater lakes, streams and wetlands more integrated and effective.
Oil clean-up faces hurricane threat: forecast
Five major hurricanes are forecast to slam into the United States this year, potentially hampering efforts to clean up the devastating Gulf of Mexico oil spill, scientists reported Wednesday.
Hubble catches stars on the move (w/ Video)
(PhysOrg.com) -- With a mass of more than 10 000 suns packed into a volume with a diameter of a mere three light-years, the massive young star cluster in the nebula NGC 3603 is one of the most compact stellar clusters in the Milky Way and an ideal place to test theories for their formation.
On a roll: Designing the next rover to explore Mars
The concept of a wind-powered vehicle that can be used to explore the surface of Mars - a so-called "tumbleweed rover" that would roll over the surface of Mars like a tumbleweed - has been around for more than 10 years, but so far there has been no consensus on exactly what that vehicle should look like. Now researchers from North Carolina State University have developed a computer model that allows engineers to test the attributes of different vehicle designs. This will allow researchers to select the best design characteristics before spending the time and money necessary to create prototypes for testing in real-world conditions.
Japanese firm wants to transform the Moon into a giant solar power plant
(PhysOrg.com) -- The Shimizu Corporation, a Japanese construction firm, has recently proposed a plan to harness solar energy on a larger scale than almost any previously proposed concept. Their ambitious plan involves building a belt of solar cells around the Moon's 6,800-mile (11,000-kilometer) equator, converting the electricity to powerful microwaves and lasers to be beamed at Earth, and finally converting the beams back to electricity at terrestrial power stations. The Luna Ring concept, the company says, could meet the entire world's energy needs.
Arctic ice at low point compared to recent geologic history
Less ice covers the Arctic today than at any time in recent geologic history. That's the conclusion of an international group of researchers, who have compiled the first comprehensive history of Arctic ice.
Spiral, barred, elliptical and irregular: Computers automatically classify galaxy shapes
(PhysOrg.com) -- Scientists at University College London and the University of Cambridge have developed machine-learning codes modelled on the human brain that can be used to classify galaxies accurately and efficiently. Remarkably, the new method is so reliable that it agrees with human classifications more than 90% of the time. The research will appear in a paper in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Flow in Earth's mantle moves mountains: study
If tectonic plate collisions cause volcanic eruptions, as every fifth grader knows, why do some volcanoes erupt far from a plate boundary?
Technology news
Foxconn raises worker pay by 30 pct after suicides
(AP) -- Taiwan's Foxconn Technology Group, shaken by a spate of suicides at its China plants, said Wednesday it is raising the pay of workers by 30 percent, a greater increase than first planned.
Take-Two lands Michael Jordan for NBA video game
(AP) -- Basketball superstar Michael Jordan will help develop the upcoming "NBA 2K11" video game and will be on its cover.
Microsoft sticks up for Windows operating system
Microsoft has publicly defended Windows in the face of unconfirmed reports that Google was shunning the operating system due to security concerns.
Apple chief believes people will pay for online news
Apple chief executive Steve Jobs said he believes that democracy hinges on a healthy press and that people will pay for news delivered on iPads and other Internet-linked gadgets.
Visual system interprets sign languages
Spanish sign language is used by over 100,000 people with hearing impairments and is made up of hundreds of signs. CVC-UAB researchers Sergio Escalera, Petia Radeva and Jordi Vitria selected over twenty of these signs to develop a new visual interpretation system which allows deaf people to carry out consultations in the language they commonly use.
Yahoo faces privacy test with new e-mail features
(AP) -- Yahoo Inc. is hoping to turn on a new sharing option in its popular e-mail service without shocking users who prize their privacy.
Software developers tackle child grooming on the net
(PhysOrg.com) -- Four out of five children can't tell when they are talking to an adult posing as a child on the internet, according to researchers working on software to track paedophiles online.
For new AT&T users, no more 'all you can eat' data
(AP) -- Just in time for the release of a new iPhone, AT&T will stop letting new customers sign up for its unlimited Internet data plan for smart phones and iPads and charge more for users who hog the most bandwidth.
Crash helmet with a useful smell
(PhysOrg.com) -- Cycle helmets are available in a wide range of types, including foldable models, models fitted with a flashing rear light or featuring an iPhone display. In future, they will start to smell distinctively if they need to be replaced. A new process causes odoriferous oils to exude from plastic materials if they are cracked.
Google's Chrome computing system to debut in autumn
Google said Wednesday it is planning to release its Chrome operating system, seen as a rival to Microsoft's Windows system, for free in the autumn.
Medicine & Health news
Study identifies surgical means for improving kidney cancer survival
When kidney cancer spreads to other body parts, patients usually receive a poor prognosis. A new Mayo Clinic study examined the benefits of surgical treatment of kidney cancer, specifically renal cell carcinoma, and how patients saw improved prognosis of their cancer. These findings were presented today at the American Urological Association meeting in San Francisco.
New medics in death spike
Are new medical residents a threat to patients? According to Dr. David Phillips and Gwendolyn Barker from the University of California, San Diego in the US, fatal medication errors peak in July in teaching hospitals in particular, which coincides with the yearly influx of new medical residents who are given increased responsibility for patient care. Their findings are published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine, published by Springer.
A risk factor of gallstone formation after radical gastrectomy
The incidence of gallstones is higher in patients after radical gastrectomy than in the general population. The current literature suggests that this higher incidence is related to gallbladder motility disorder after surgery. A research group in China investigated the association between the XbaI polymorphisms of APOB gene and gallstone formation after gastrectomy. Patient with the X+ allele of APOB gene was found to be another important risk factor of gallstone formation after radical gastrectomy.
Community interventions and in-home visits may slow excess weight gain in American Indian children
Community intervention can help American Indian families change behavior related to early childhood weight gain and obesity, according to a new Kaiser Permanente and Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board (NPAIHB) study.
Use of local anesthetics in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease?
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of the intestines and no definitive medical treatment has been defined yet. A research team from Turkey applied local anesthetics onto the experimentally induced colitis areas in rats to investigate their potential effect on treating the inflammation at the disease site. The improvement in the macroscopic inflammation at the site of application suggested that local anesthetics might have beneficial therapeutic effects on IBD.
Stapled transanal rectal resection is beneficial for patients with obstructed defecation
Obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS ) represents a widespread clinical problem which frequently affects middle-aged females. Nevertheless, many of the previously established techniques are unsuitable for patients with ODS associated with simultaneous rectocele and rectal intussusception. Notably, STARR has been proposed as an alternative operation and a relatively noninvasive surgical technique for this difficult problem. However, some serious complications were documented and there is limited evidence attest to the safety and long-term efficacy of the STARR procedure.
Prompt gallbladder removal in elderly associated with increased survival, lower costs
New research findings published in the May issue of the Journal of the American College of Surgeons indicate that delaying cholecystectomy, the surgical removal of the gallbladder, in elderly patients with sudden inflammation of the organ often results in increased costs, morbidity and mortality.
Grassroots programs to encourage minority organ donation prove successful
Minority organ donations have more than doubled since the institution of grassroots awareness and education programs, according to a new retrospective study published in the May issue of the Journal of the American College of Surgeons. In 2010, the percentage of minority donors is expected to reach 35 percent, up from approximately 15 percent in 1990.
Intrahepatic clear cell cholangiocarcinoma
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a cancer of the bile duct in the liver. The clear cell subtype of ICC is a rare cancer; until now, only 8 cases have been reported. The number of reports is so small that a detail description of clear cell ICC is valuable.
Radiation does not improve survival for rare, invasive bladder cancer
In the largest study to date of a rare and deadly form of bladder cancer, researchers at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit found radiation therapy may not improve a patient's chances for survival.
Radiation after mastectomy improves breast cancer survival
Postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) for some breast cancer patients can reduce their risk of recurrence by almost 30 percent and increase their five-year overall survival by almost 50 percent, according to a study in the June 1 issue of the International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, the official journal of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO).
A doctor's referral for better fitness
People visit physicians to get or stay healthy, but should questions about physical activity be a part of these visits, too -- every time? The American College of Sports Medicine and its Exercise is Medicine program think so. So does Indiana University physical activity expert NiCole Keith.
Oncologists fight leukemia with two-pronged therapy, clinical trials to start within months
(PhysOrg.com) -- A new therapy mounts a double-barreled attack on leukemia, targeting not just the cancer cells but also the environment in which those cells live and grow, University of Florida researchers report.
The Medical Minute: Natural remedies for people with diabetes
(PhysOrg.com) -- Disease remedies using plant products fill the market, but most have not been tested well enough to be able to assure patients that they really work or that they are safe. Here is what is known about a few products that are often of interest to patients with diabetes.
States requiring PE, but amount varies
(AP) -- More states are requiring physical education for elementary, middle and high school students, though few require kids to exercise for a specific amount of time.
Researchers perform head-to-head comparison of incontinence treatments
As part of a national clinical trial, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers found little difference in effectiveness between two popular treatments for one of the most common ailments among American women: stress urinary incontinence.
Mutant gene link to West Nile virus in horses
The same mutated gene that makes humans more susceptible to the potentially fatal West Nile virus is also responsible for the virus affecting horses, according to scientists at the University of Adelaide, Australia.
Germans getting fatter, statistics show
Germans are getting fatter, official figures showed on Wednesday, with 51 percent of adults in Europe's most populous country now classed as overweight.
Results from a study testing methylphenidate for cancer-related fatigue
Cancer-related fatigue is often a major problem for cancer patients, beginning at diagnosis, during treatment and after completing therapy. Researchers at Mayo Clinic and the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) recently completed a study testing methylphenidate in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue and found that, while it did not improve fatigue for a broad group of patients, the data did not rule out a benefit for those with stage III/IV cancer. Results of this NCCTG study, N05C7, will be presented on Sunday, June 6, 2010, at the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting in Chicago.
Tidy house, fitter body?
An Indiana University study that examined the relationship between physical activity and a range of variables involving urban residents' homes and neighborhoods found that the inside of study subjects' homes had more to do with higher physical activity levels than the sidewalks, lighting and other elements considered.
Study: Prostate cancer patients' weight linked to tumor size
The size of tumors in prostate cancer patients is directly linked to their weight, according to a new six-year study conducted by researchers at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit.
Chocolate milk is a 'natural' for post-exercise recovery
One of the best post-exercise recovery drinks could already be in your refrigerator, according to new research presented at the American College of Sports Medicine conference this week. In a series of four studies, researchers found that chocolate milk offered a recovery advantage to help repair and rebuild muscles, compared to specially designed carbohydrate sports drinks.
Findings suggest optimal oxygen dose for preterm infants
A national study involving a UT Southwestern Medical Center neonatologist provides new insight into how much oxygen preterm infants should receive as well as the optimal way to deliver it to them.
Nanoparticle PSA test predicts if prostate cancer will return
Men who have just had their cancerous prostate gland removed have one pressing question for their doctors: Am I cured? But conventional tests haven't been sensitive enough to provide a concrete answer. Current tests that measure the level of protein called PSA (prostate-specific antigen), which signals the presence of cancer, often detect no PSA, only to have cancer return in up to 40 percent of the cases.
Study finds surprising disparity in where chronically ill kids hospitalized
Chronically ill children with private insurance are much less likely than those with public insurance, such as Medi-Cal, to be admitted to a California hospital offering specialized pediatric care, according to a new study by researchers at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital and the Stanford University School of Medicine.
Bone drug suppresses wandering tumor cells in breast cancer patients
The bone-strengthening drug zoledronic acid (Zometa) can help fight metastatic breast cancer when given before surgery, suggests research at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis.
Ablation proved as effective as traditional surgery in treating kidney cancer
A minimally invasive technique used to destroy kidney tumors with an electrically controlled heating probe showed similar effectiveness as surgical removal of tumors in curbing cancer recurrence rates for up to five years after treatment.
Researchers discover one cause of cognitive decline in aging population
Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine have found that certain types of specializations on nerve cells called "spines" are depleted as a person ages, causing cognitive decline in the part of the brain that mediates the highest levels of learning. These spines receive an important class of synapses that are involved with the process of learning. The discovery provides the medical community with a new therapeutic target to help prevent this loss of function. The study is published in the June 2 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience.
Too much weight in pregnancy may lead to future heart risks
(PhysOrg.com) -- New research from the University of Bristol's Children of the 90s project have found that piling on too many pounds in pregnancy may lead to future heart risks in the child.
Sun-induced skin cancer: New discovery permits doctors to assess genetic risk
As people head to the beach this summer, very few if any, really know how likely they are to develop skin cancer from their outdoor fun. That's about to change, thanks to a new discovery by an international team of scientists that makes it possible for doctors to access people's personal risk for skin cancer.
More choline reduces Down syndrome dysfunction
(PhysOrg.com) -- In a mouse model of Down syndrome, pregnant and lactating mice that received additional choline had offspring that fared much better than those whose mothers did not receive choline, a new study finds.
Deep brain stimulation at two different targets gives similar motor benefits in Parkinson's
In a major study, investigators have compared how individuals with Parkinson's disease respond to deep brain stimulation (DBS) at two different sites in the brain. Contrary to current belief, patients who received DBS at either site in the brain experienced comparable benefits for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's.
Tobacco tax hike could curb smoking among those with alcohol, drug or mental disorders
A new study from the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA suggests that increasing cigarette taxes could be an effective way to reduce smoking among individuals with alcohol, drug or mental disorders.
Probiotic found in breast milk helps alleviate symptoms of digestive disorders
Here's another reason to breast feed your baby: Canadian researchers have discovered how a probiotic found in breastmilk reduces or eliminates painful cramping in the gut. In a new research report published online in the FASEB Journal, these scientists use mice to show that a specific strain of Lactobacillus reuteri decreases the force of muscle contractions in the gut within minutes of exposure. This bacterium naturally occurs in the gut of many mammals and can be found in human breast milk. This discovery suggests that increasing the intake of this bacterium may help alleviate symptoms of a wide range of gut disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, functional bowel disorders, and constipation.
Teen sex: More use rhythm method for birth control
(AP) -- A growing number of teen girls say they use the rhythm method for birth control, and more teens also think it's OK for an unmarried female to have a baby, according to a government survey released Wednesday.
Burger diet boosts kids' asthma and wheeze risk
Eating three or more burgers a week may boost a child's risk of asthma and wheeze - at least in developed nations - reveals a large international study, published in Thorax today.
Gene-linked breast cancer risk unaffected by hormone therapy
Hormone replacement therapy and lifestyle choices do not boost the risk of breast cancer associated with a dozen common genetic mutations, according to a study published Wednesday.
Meditation reduces the emotional impact of pain
People who meditate regularly find pain less unpleasant because their brains anticipate the pain less, a new study has found.
Neural tissue contains imbalanced levels of proteins, study finds
Why do some diseases affect only specific organs, leaving others invulnerable? Researchers from the University of Michigan have found neural tissue contains imbalanced levels of proteins, which may explain the brain's susceptibility to a debilitating childhood movement disorder.
Scientists move closer to pinpointing gene involved in bowel cancer spread
Scientists may be on the cusp of pinpointing a gene that is involved in the progression and spread of bowel cancer, indicates research published ahead of print in the Journal of Medical Genetics.
Binge drinking adolescent monkeys' brains seriously damaged by alcohol
(PhysOrg.com) -- Binge drinking is increasing in adolescents, and new research has shown long-lasting damage to an important area in the brains of adolescent monkeys after binge alcohol consumption, and suggests binge drinking could seriously affect the memories of adolescents.
Teenagers cannot concentrate because their brains are undeveloped
(PhysOrg.com) -- New research from the UK has found that teenagers and young adults find it hard to concentrate because their brains are more similar to those of much younger children than those of mature adults, with more grey matter but lower efficiency. The findings suggest the brain is not fully developed until people reach their late twenties or even early thirties, which is much later than previously thought.
Coffee consumption unrelated to alertness
(PhysOrg.com) -- The stimulatory effects of caffeine may be nothing more than an illusion according to new research, which shows there is no real benefit to be gained from the habitual morning cup of coffee.
Biology news
Bacterioplankton responses to desert dust in the (sub)tropical northeast Atlantic
Inputs of dust from the Sahara desert could change the composition of microbial communities in the (sub)tropical eastern North Atlantic say Southampton researchers writing this month in the journal FEMS Microbiology Letters.
Scientists clarify origins of potato germplasm Neo-Tuberosum
A recent study conducted by scientists with the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and cooperators shows the potato germplasm Neo-Tuberosum, used by potato breeders to develop new cultivars, has origins that can be traced to Chile, not to the Andes as previously believed.
French baby eels flown to Finland to replenish Baltic stock
Some 153,000 baby eels will be flown to Finland from France on Wednesday to help boost the Nordic country's stock of the endangered fish, the Federation of Finnish Fisheries Association said.
Ecologists Link Early Malnutrition, Later Arthritis in Moose
(PhysOrg.com) -- As a 150-pound person ages, the aches and pains of osteoarthritis -- a degenerative and progressively crippling joint disease -- often become an unpleasant fact of life. Think how the same condition hurts a 1,000-pound moose.
New culture dish could advance human embryonic stem cell research
A new synthetic Petri dish coating could overcome a major challenge to the advancement of human embryonic stem cell research, say University of Michigan researchers.
Stem cell researchers uncover previously unknown patterns in DNA methylation
A previously unknown pattern in DNA methylation - an event that affects cell function by altering gene expression - has been uncovered for the first time by stem cell researchers at UCLA, a finding that could have implications in preventing some cancers and correcting defects in human stem cell lines.
Study provides new standards for reliable fisheries
The many populations of sockeye salmon in Bristol Bay, Alaska act like a diversified portfolio of investments, buffering fisheries and incomes from the ups and downs of particular stocks. Sockeye salmon are one of the most valuable fisheries in the U.S., and since 1950, more than 60% of that value has come from Bristol Bay. A new study in the June 3 issue of Nature quantifies, for the first time, just how much depends on this "portfolio effect." Without its current population diversity, the Bristol Bay sockeye fishery would close ten times more frequently - once every two to three years rather than once every 25 years.
The dilemma of plants fighting infections
Individuals of one and the same plant species often differ greatly in their ability to resist pathogens: While one rose succumbs to bacterial infection, its neighbour blissfully thrives. Scientists from the Max Planck Institute of Developmental Biology in Germany have tracked down an explanation for this common phenomenon. Their conclusion: disease resistance can incur high costs.
Marmots can teach us about obesity
A nutrient that's common to all living things can make hibernating marmots hungry - a breakthrough that could help scientists understand human obesity and eating disorders, according to a new study by a Colorado State University biologist.
Pride, prejudice and the 'Darcin effect'
The pheromone that attracts female mice to the odour of a particular male has been identified. Named 'darcin' by researchers writing in the open access journal BMC Biology (after Darcy, the attractive hero in Jane Austen's novel "Pride and Prejudice"), this unusual protein in a male's urine attracts females and is responsible for learned preference for specific males.
Dogs can potentially sniff out prostate cancer, French researchers say
Man's best friend may cement his position if early results from French researchers can be replicated. A team of researchers from Tenon Hospital in Paris reported Tuesday at a San Francisco meeting of the American Urological Association that dogs can be trained to detect the characteristic odor of unique chemicals released into urine by prostate tumors, setting the stage for a new way to identify men who are most at risk from the cancer.
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