Nature Medicine Contents: November 2018 Volume 24 Number 11

TABLE OF CONTENTS November 2018 Volume 24, Issue 11 Editorial News Feature Research Highlights News & Views Perspectives Letters Articles Resources Amendments & Corrections Advertisement   SPOTLIGHT ON KANAZAWA An alternative Japan experience - Meet the sides of Japanese cities that most international researchers never see Editorial Confronting conflict of interest    p1629 doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0256-7 News Feature Gutted about opioids    pp1630 - 1632 Wudan Yan doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0246-9 Back in the spotlight    pp1633 - 1636 Amanda B. Keener doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0245-x Advertisement Immuno-Oncology 2.0, Philadelphia Pharmaceutical Symposium Crowne Plaza, King of Prussia, PA Dec 8, 2018 Meet pioneers in CAR T-cell therapy and leaders in anti-PD-1 therapy and immerse yourself in a day of learning scientific and medical breakthroughs in fighting cancer. Organizers: SAPA-GP Life Sciences PA Click here for details and registration!   Research Highlights Biomarkers for checkpoint blockade    p1637 Javier Carmona doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0257-6 A vaccine for tuberculosis    p1637 Alison Farrell doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0258-5 Personalized tracking of exposure to airborne organisms and chemicals    p1637 Michael Basson doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0259-4 Human skeletal stem cells identified    p1637 Brett Benedetti doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0260-y Analyzing the drug overdose epidemic in the United States    p1637 Kate Gao doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0261-x Medicine EVENT World Vaccine and Immunotherapy Congress West Coast 2018 28.11.18 Coronado, USA More science events from Advertisement =================================== Register for the latest nature.com webcast Begin with the End in Mind: Selection of an Antibody Discovery Platform - Thursday, November 8, 2018 Register for FREE today  Sponsored by: Ablexis    ==================================   News & Views Linking brain tumors and epileptic seizures    pp1638 - 1639 Jean M. Mulcahy Levy & Martin McMahon doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0249-6 A stratified approach to tuberculosis treatment    pp1639 - 1641 Gavin J. Churchyard doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0244-y Individualized sepsis treatment using reinforcement learning    pp1641 - 1642 Suchi Saria doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0253-x Rules of engagement in the gut microbiome    pp1642 - 1644 Elze Rackaityte & Susan V. Lynch doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0242-0 Perspectives Is earlier better for melanoma checkpoint blockade?    pp1645 - 1648 Caroline Robert doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0250-0 Letters Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade in high-risk resectable melanoma    pp1649 - 1654 Rodabe N. Amaria, Sangeetha M. Reddy, Hussein A. Tawbi, Michael A. Davies, Merrick I. Ross et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0197-1 Neoadjuvant combination treatment with nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with high-risk melanoma results in higher response rates than nivolumab monotherapy and warrants future optimization of dosing regimens to preserve efficacy while limiting toxicity. Neoadjuvant versus adjuvant ipilimumab plus nivolumab in macroscopic stage III melanoma    pp1655 - 1661 Christian U. Blank, Elisa A. Rozeman, Lorenzo F. Fanchi, Karolina Sikorska, Bart van de Wiel et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0198-0 Neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma shows favorable activity over adjuvant treatment and warrants future evaluation with modified dosing schedules to reduce treatment-related adverse events. BRAF somatic mutation contributes to intrinsic epileptogenicity in pediatric brain tumors    pp1662 - 1668 Hyun Yong Koh, Se Hoon Kim, Jaeson Jang, Hyungguk Kim, Sungwook Han et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0172-x In pediatric brain tumors that are accompanied by epileptic seizures, the BRAF somatic mutation V600E contributes to intrinsic epileptic properties in neurons, which can be suppressed by vemurafenib in mice. Meeting brain–computer interface user performance expectations using a deep neural network decoding framework    pp1669 - 1676 Michael A. Schwemmer, Nicholas D. Skomrock, Per B. Sederberg, Jordyn E. Ting, Gaurav Sharma et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0171-y Intracortical activity data recorded over 2 years in a tetraplegic patient is used to develop an artificial intelligence algorithm that achieves fast, accurate, and stable movement decoding to reenable real-time control of the paralyzed forearm. Neuromodulation of lumbosacral spinal networks enables independent stepping after complete paraplegia    pp1677 - 1682 Megan L. Gill, Peter J. Grahn, Jonathan S. Calvert, Margaux B. Linde, Igor A. Lavrov et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0175-7 In a human subject with chronic paraplegia, a combination of epidural electrical stimulation and long-term rehabilitative training have culminated in the first report of unassisted, voluntary independent stepping in a paralyzed individual. Dynamics of genetically engineered hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells after autologous transplantation in humans    pp1683 - 1690 Serena Scala, Luca Basso-Ricci, Francesca Dionisio, Danilo Pellin, Stefania Giannelli et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0195-3 In vivo tracking of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in humans treated with lentiviral gene therapy unveils the resilience of hematopoietic stem cells and the long-term survival of lymphoid-biased precursors. Genome editing in mitochondria corrects a pathogenic mtDNA mutation in vivo    pp1691 - 1695 Payam A. Gammage, Carlo Viscomi, Marie-Lune Simard, Ana S. H. Costa, Edoardo Gaude et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0165-9 Mitochondrially targeted zinc-finger nucleases reduce mutational burden and correct biochemical defects in a mouse model of mitochondrial disease. MitoTALEN reduces mutant mtDNA load and restores tRNAAla levels in a mouse model of heteroplasmic mtDNA mutation    pp1696 - 1700 Sandra R. Bacman, Johanna H. K. Kauppila, Claudia V. Pereira, Nadee Nissanka, Maria Miranda et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0166-8 Mitochondrial-targeted TALENs reduce mutation burden and correct biochemical defects in a mouse model of mitochondrial disease. Safety and antiviral activity of combination HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies in viremic individuals    pp1701 - 1707 Yotam Bar-On, Henning Gruell, Till Schoofs, Joy A. Pai, Lilian Nogueira et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0186-4 Combination of two broadly neutralizing antibodies is effective in reducing HIV-1 viremia and in limiting the emergence of resistant viral variants in individuals harboring antibody-sensitive viruses. Articles A patient-level pooled analysis of treatment-shortening regimens for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis    pp1708 - 1715 Marjorie Z. Imperial, Payam Nahid, Patrick P. J. Phillips, Geraint R. Davies, Katherine Fielding et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0224-2 Analysis of tuberculosis drug trials identifies features to stratify patients for longer or shorter treatment duration than the standard of care, in order to improve therapeutic outcomes. The Artificial Intelligence Clinician learns optimal treatment strategies for sepsis in intensive care    pp1716 - 1720 Matthieu Komorowski, Leo A. Celi, Omar Badawi, Anthony C. Gordon & A. Aldo Faisal doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0213-5 A reinforcement learning agent, the AI Clinician, can assist physicians by providing individualized and clinically interpretable treatment decisions to improve patient outcomes. Renal compartment–specific genetic variation analyses identify new pathways in chronic kidney disease    pp1721 - 1731 Chengxiang Qiu, Shizheng Huang, Jihwan Park, YoSon Park, Yi-An Ko et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0194-4 Kidney compartment–specific eQTL analysis goes beyond GWAS to reveal causal genes and pathways involved in renal disease development. Structure-guided combination therapy to potently improve the function of mutant CFTRs    pp1732 - 1742 Guido Veit, Haijin Xu, Elise Dreano, Radu G. Avramescu, Miklos Bagdany et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0200-x Targeting different aspects of mutant CFTR structural defects with combination therapy leads to more potent rescue of function than that following single therapy. Cancer cells exploit an orphan RNA to drive metastatic progression    pp1743 - 1751 Lisa Fish, Steven Zhang, Johnny X. Yu, Bruce Culbertson, Alicia Y. Zhou et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0230-4 A novel orphan noncoding RNA species with tumor-specific expression across breast cancer subtypes promotes metastatic progression and holds potential for patient diagnosis. Resources A biobank of patient-derived pediatric brain tumor models    pp1752 - 1761 Sebastian Brabetz, Sarah E. S. Leary, Susanne N. Gröbner, Madison W. Nakamoto, Huriye Şeker-Cin et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0207-3 A resource of preclinical pediatric brain tumor models with detailed molecular characterization provides a platform for the community to test novel therapeutic approaches. Antigen discovery and specification of immunodominance hierarchies for MHCII-restricted epitopes    pp1762 - 1772 Daniel B. Graham, Chengwei Luo, Daniel J. O'Connell, Ariel Lefkovith, Eric M. Brown et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0203-7 A quantitative proteomic approach overcomes a major bottleneck in translational immunology, namely the identification of autologous and bacterial immunodominant major histocompatibility complex class II epitopes based on genomic sequences. Amendments & Corrections Author Correction: High-dimensional single-cell analysis predicts response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy    pp1773 - 1775 Carsten Krieg, Malgorzata Nowicka, Silvia Guglietta, Sabrina Schindler, Felix J Hartmann et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0094-7 Author Correction: Cold-induced epigenetic programming of the sperm enhances brown adipose tissue activity in the offspring    p1776 Wenfei Sun, Hua Dong, Anton S. Becker, Dianne H. Dapito, Salvatore Modica et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0162-z Publisher Correction: Cold-induced epigenetic programming of the sperm enhances brown adipose tissue activity in the offspring    p1777 Wenfei Sun, Hua Dong, Anton S. Becker, Dianne H. Dapito, Salvatore Modica et al. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0163-y Advertisement Nature Briefing is an essential round-up of science news, opinion and analysis, free in your inbox every weekday. With Nature Briefing, we'll keep you updated on the latest research, so you can focus on yours. Click here to sign up.   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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