Nature contents: 08 November 2018

Volume 563 Issue 7730   This Week       Editorial         Focus on the benefits of building life's systems from scratch Life on Earth to have its DNA analysed in the name of conservation Why the Bank of England should put a female scientist on its next £50 note   World View         What I learnt pulling a straw out of a turtle's nose Christine Figgener Research Highlights         This issue's Research Highlights Selections from the scientific literature. Seven Days         Farewell to Kepler, India's neutrino observatory and an Ebola warning

Focal Point on Vaccine Research   The future of vaccine research may be in Asia - The signs are there in funding levels, and combined with Asian governments' interest in biotechnology, and a highly skilled, highly educated workforce, pharma giants are looking east.

News in Focus   News         US Supreme Court allows historic kids' climate lawsuit to go forward Emma Marris South Africa's invasive species guzzle precious water and cost US$450 million a year Sarah Wild Coral scientists decry loss of funding for leading Australian reef institute Adam Morton Argentina's mega-storms attract army of meteorologists Alexandra Witze Machine learning spots natural selection at work in human genome Amy Maxmen Embattled Thirty Meter Telescope scores big win in Hawaii's highest court Alexandra Witze Holy Cow! Astronomers agog at mysterious new supernova Davide Castelvecchi Features         Bottom-up biology How biologists are creating life-like cells from scratch Kendall Powell

Multimedia       Nature Podcast 08 November 2018 This week, building a cell from the bottom up, and a Breakthough Prize winner.

Comment   Comment         Which biological systems should be engineered? Dan Fletcher Books and Arts         Lessons from the Ebola front lines Nahid Bhadelia The US opioid epidemic, a kaleidoscopic celebration of ice, and exploring ancient Egypt's known unknowns: Books in brief Barbara Kiser Optical wonderlands: vision science from photons to philosophy Todd Oakley Correspondence         Nobel notes value of basic research for new drugs Matthew Krummel Mentorship training curbs academic abuse Susan E. Liao Chinese pilot project tracks progress towards SDGs Jun Chen, Zhilin Li Open data are a boon for underfunded researchers Saif Aldeen AlRyalat Don't rubbish Myers–Briggs personality test Penny Moyle Dams threaten world's largest inland fishery Peng Bun Ngor, Sovan Lek, Kevin S. McCann et al. Obituary         Leon Lederman (1922-2018) Nigel S. Lockyer

Careers   Features         Why a European agency post can be an excellent destination for researchers Quirin Schiermeier Columns         How to design a winning fellowship proposal Crystal M. Botham, Tanya M. Evans

Futures   Remembrance Melanie Rees

Research   NEW ONLINE         Palaeolithic cave art in Borneo Uranium-series dating of rock art from Borneo reveals a minimum date for figurative artwork of 40,000 years ago, and a distinct style of parietal art in Southeast Asia at the Last Glacial Maximum. M. Aubert, P. Setiawan, A. A. Oktaviana et al. Cryo-EM structures of a human ABCG2 mutant trapped in ATP-bound and substrate-bound states Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the ABCG2 protein in ATP- and substrate-bound states reveal the location of substrate binding, conformational changes required for substrate translocation and how inhibitors might be distinguished from substrates. Ioannis Manolaridis, Scott M. Jackson, Nicholas M. I. Taylor et al. Design of amidobenzimidazole STING receptor agonists with systemic activity A small-molecule agonist for the cGAS–STING pathway has systemic activity in a mouse model of colon cancer. Joshi M. Ramanjulu, G. Scott Pesiridis, Jingsong Yang et al. Superfluorescence from lead halide perovskite quantum dot superlattices Cooperative quantum effects in superlattices of quantum dots made of caesium lead halide perovskite give rise to superfluorescence, with the individual emitters interacting coherently to give intense bursts of light. Gabriele Rainò, Michael A. Becker, Maryna I. Bodnarchuk et al. The rocky road to biomolecules A natural chemical reaction that occurs below the sea floor makes the amino acid tryptophan without biological input. This finding reveals a process that might have helped life on Earth to begin. John A. Baross Structures of the intermediates of Kok's photosynthetic water oxidation clock Crystallography and spectroscopy are used to solve high-resolution structures of the intermediates of Kok's S-state clock in photosystem II. Jan Kern, Ruchira Chatterjee, Iris D. Young et al. The metabolite BH4 controls T cell proliferation in autoimmunity and cancer Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an enzyme co-factor that is involved in the nervous system; it is shown here to also function in T cell activation and proliferation, with roles in autoimmunity, allergic inflammation and cancer. Shane J. F. Cronin, Corey Seehus, Adelheid Weidinger et al. Predictable and precise template-free CRISPR editing of pathogenic variants The authors use a machine-learning algorithm to predict the spectrum of CRISPR–Cas9-nuclease-mediated DNA repair outcomes at human genomic target sites. Max W. Shen, Mandana Arbab, Jonathan Y. Hsu et al. Type 9 secretion system structures reveal a new protein transport mechanism Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the protein-conducting translocon of the type 9 secretion system reveal its architecture and mechanism of translocation. Frédéric Lauber, Justin C. Deme, Susan M. Lea et al. Efficient and stable emission of warm-white light from lead-free halide double perovskites After alloying with metal cations, a lead-free halide double perovskite shows stable performance and remarkably efficient white-light emission, with possible applications in lighting and display technologies. Jiajun Luo, Xiaoming Wang, Shunran Li et al. Abiotic synthesis of amino acids in the recesses of the oceanic lithosphere High-resolution imaging techniques show that aromatic amino acids such as tryptophan formed abiotically and were subsequently preserved at depth beneath the Atlantis Massif of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, supporting the hydrothermal theory for the origin of life. Bénédicte Ménez, Céline Pisapia, Muriel Andreani et al. Dopamine enhances signal-to-noise ratio in cortical-brainstem encoding of aversive stimuli Dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex modulates behavioural responses to aversive stimuli by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of neurons projecting to the dorsal periaqueductal grey. Caitlin M. Vander Weele, Cody A. Siciliano, Gillian A. Matthews et al. From the archive What Nature was saying 50 and 100 years ago. Repeated multi-qubit readout and feedback with a mixed-species trapped-ion register A multi-qubit mixed-species register is used for repeated correlation measurements using conditional feedback to stabilize two-qubit subspaces and Bell states, achieving up to 50 sequential measurements with negligible crosstalk. V. Negnevitsky, M. Marinelli, K. K. Mehta et al. Nanofibres induce remodelling of cell membranes A nanometre-scale mechanism has been proposed to explain how bacteria improve their grip on human cells. The findings have implications for drug discovery, and might inspire biomimetic applications such as adhesives. John R. Dutcher   News & Views         Cell parts to complex processes, from the bottom up Matthew Good, Xavier Trepat Proposed early signs of life not set in stone Mark A. van Zuilen Quenching our thirst for universality Michael Kolodrubetz   Cellular stretch reveals superelastic powers Manuel Théry, Atef Asnacios Immune-cell crosstalk in multiple sclerosis Richard M. Ransohoff Articles         Gene expression variability across cells and species shapes innate immunity Comparison of transcriptomic data from immune-stimulated cells across different species sheds light on the architecture of the innate immune response. Tzachi Hagai, Xi Chen, Ricardo J. Miragaia et al. Active superelasticity in three-dimensional epithelia of controlled shape Theoretical modelling in combination with measurements of tension and shape in epithelial domes of controlled geometry reveals a plateau of tension in tissue that is maintained by heterogeneous strain across cells. Ernest Latorre, Sohan Kale, Laura Casares et al. Tc toxin activation requires unfolding and refolding of a β-propeller A high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of a complete Tc holotoxin complex reveals the precise mechanism of Tc toxin assembly, gate opening and release of the cytotoxic enzyme into the translocation channel. Christos Gatsogiannis, Felipe Merino, Daniel Roderer et al. Letters         A population of luminous accreting black holes with hidden mergers High-resolution infrared observations of hard-X-ray-selected black holes show an excess of late-stage mergers in obscured luminous black holes compared with inactive galaxies of similar stellar masses and star formation rates. Michael J. Koss, Laura Blecha, Phillip Bernhard et al. Observation of universal dynamics in a spinor Bose gas far from equilibrium The emergence of universal dynamics far from equilibrium is observed by evaluating spatially resolved spin correlations in a quasi-one-dimensional spinor Bose–Einstein condensate. Maximilian Prüfer, Philipp Kunkel, Helmut Strobel et al. Universal prethermal dynamics of Bose gases quenched to unitarity Degenerate and thermal Bose gases, quenched so that the interparticle interactions are as strong as allowed by quantum mechanics, exhibit dynamics that can be expressed in terms of universal functions. Christoph Eigen, Jake A. P. Glidden, Raphael Lopes et al. Universal dynamics in an isolated one-dimensional Bose gas far from equilibrium The momentum distribution of atoms in a one-dimensional Bose gas far from equilibrium exhibits universal scaling in space and time, independent of the initial conditions of the system. Sebastian Erne, Robert Bücker, Thomas Gasenzer et al. Vowel recognition with four coupled spin-torque nano-oscillators A network of four spin-torque nano-oscillators can be trained in real time to recognize spoken vowels, in a simple and scalable approach that could be exploited for large-scale neural networks. Miguel Romera, Philippe Talatchian, Sumito Tsunegi et al. Palladium-mediated enzyme activation suggests multiphase initiation of glycogenesis The mechanism of glycogenesis, initiated by glycogenin, involves three distinct kinetic phases, with the final phase involving a refining process where only glucose is tolerated as a substrate. Matthew K. Bilyard, Henry J. Bailey, Lluís Raich et al. Reassessing evidence of life in 3,700-million-year-old rocks of Greenland In contrast to a previous study of 3,700-million-year-old rocks of the Isua supracrustal belt in Greenland, which presented fossil evidence of stromatolites (macroscopic remains of layered microbial communities), this study shows that these 'stromatolites' are features of deformation unconnected to the processes of organic life. Abigail C. Allwood, Minik T. Rosing, David T. Flannery et al. Credibility-enhancing displays promote the provision of non-normative public goods A field study and three experiments demonstrate that people who engage in rare (non-normative) prosocial behaviours will be more effective advocates for those behaviours than people who merely praise the virtues of these prosocial behaviours. Gordon T. Kraft-Todd, Bryan Bollinger, Kenneth Gillingham et al. m6A facilitates hippocampus-dependent learning and memory through YTHDF1 Neuronal stimulation induces protein translation of m6A-methylated neuronal mRNAs facilitated by YTHDF1, and this process contributes to learning and memory. Hailing Shi, Xuliang Zhang, Yi-Lan Weng et al. Resting zone of the growth plate houses a unique class of skeletal stem cells In a mouse model, PTHrP-positive chondrocytes in the resting zone of the growth plate constitute a unique stem-cell population, which is initially unipotent and makes columnar chondrocytes that later exhibit multipotency. Koji Mizuhashi, Wanida Ono, Yuki Matsushita et al. Transcriptional regulation of nitrogen-associated metabolism and growth The yeast one-hybrid network for nitrogen-associated metabolism in Arabidopsis reveals the transcription factors that regulate the architecture of root and shoot systems under conditions of changing nitrogen availability. Allison Gaudinier, Joel Rodriguez-Medina, Lifang Zhang et al. The SWI/SNF complex is a mechanoregulated inhibitor of YAP and TAZ The ARID1A-containing SWI/SNF complex operates as an inhibitor of the pro-oncogenic transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ; this interaction is regulated by cellular mechanotransduction. Lei Chang, Luca Azzolin, Daniele Di Biagio et al. Cryo-EM reveals two distinct serotonin-bound conformations of full-length 5-HT3A receptor Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the serotonin-bound 5-HT3A serotonin receptor show the receptor populating two distinct states, characterized by twisting in the extracellular and transmembrane domains relative to the apo state, which creates pathways for ion permeation. Sandip Basak, Yvonne Gicheru, Shanlin Rao et al. Conformational transitions of the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor Cryo-electron microscopy of the serotonin 5-HT3 receptor in complex with various ligands yields four distinct structures, capturing serotonin binding in detail and increasing understanding of the gating mechanism of the receptor. Lucie Polovinkin, Ghérici Hassaine, Jonathan Perot et al.

Amendments & Corrections   Author Correction: Structure and mechanogating mechanism of the Piezo1 channel Qiancheng Zhao, Heng Zhou, Shaopeng Chi et al. Author Correction: Condensin association with histone H2A shapes mitotic chromosomes Kenji Tada, Hiroaki Susumu, Takeshi Sakuno et al. Author Correction: Heterochromatin links to centromeric protection by recruiting shugoshin Yuya Yamagishi, Takeshi Sakuno, Mari Shimura et al.

Collections   Nature Outline         Ulcerative colitis Focal Point         Vaccine Research in Asia       natureevents directory featured events         INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICROBIOME RESEARCH     19.11.18 Pune, India         Natureevents Directory is the premier resource for scientists looking for the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia. Featured across Nature Publishing Group journals and centrally at natureevents.com it is an essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide.         Your email address is in the Nature mailing list. You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. If you no longer wish to receive the email alerts from Nature click here to unsubscribe . If you wish to discontinue all email services from Nature Research please click here to unsubscribe .     For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department at registration@nature.com For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscription department at subscriptions@nature.com For other enquiries, please contact feedback@nature.com Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England & Wales under company number 785998 & whose registered office is located at The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW. Nature Research | One New York Plaza, Suite 4500 | New York | NY 10004-1562 | USA Nature is part of Springer Nature. © 2018 Springer Nature Limited. All rights reserved.