Scientific Reports Earth Sciences Table of Contents e-alert: 10 May 2016

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10 May 2016      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports         Nature Index 2016 Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia had the largest growth of its region in the production of high-quality research in 2015 tracked by the Nature Index, propelling the country into a leading position. Click here to see how strong and fruitful collaborations with international powerhouses have been integral to Saudi Arabia’s rapid rise. The country has now firmly set its sights on becoming a global player in science. Produced with support from: KACST           Earth & Environmental Sciences               Corrigendum: Effect of excessive CO2 on physiological functions in coastal diatom ▶     Feng-Jiao Liu, Shun-Xing Li, Bang-Qin Huang et al.                 Plant-derived compounds stimulate the decomposition of organic matter in arctic permafrost soils ▶     Birgit Wild, Norman Gentsch, Petr Čapek et al.     Arctic ecosystems are warming rapidly, which is expected to promote soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. In addition to the direct warming effect, decomposition can also be …             Significant discharge of CO2 from hydrothermalism associated with the submarine volcano of El Hierro Island ▶     J. M. Santana-Casiano, E. Fraile-Nuez, M. González-Dávila et al.     The residual hydrothermalism associated with submarine volcanoes, following an eruption event, plays an important role in the supply of CO2 to the ocean. The emitted CO2 …             Semi-automatic recognition of marine debris on beaches ▶     Zhenpeng Ge, Huahong Shi, Xuefei Mei et al.     An increasing amount of anthropogenic marine debris is pervading the earth’s environmental systems, resulting in an enormous threat to living organisms. Additionally, the large …             Artificial cloud test confirms volcanic ash detection using infrared spectral imaging ▶     A. J. Prata, F. Dezitter, I. Davies et al.     Airborne volcanic ash particles are a known hazard to aviation. Currently, there are no means available to detect ash in flight as the particles are too fine (radii < 30 μm) for …             The impact of working memory and the “process of process modelling” on model quality: Investigating experienced versus inexperienced modellers ▶     Markus Martini, Jakob Pinggera, Manuel Neurauter et al.     A process model (PM) represents the graphical depiction of a business process, for instance, the entire process from online ordering a book until the parcel is delivered to the …             Neglecting diurnal variations leads to uncertainties in terrestrial nitrous oxide emissions ▶     Narasinha J. Shurpali, Üllar Rannik, Simo Jokinen et al.     Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas produced in soil and aquatic ecosystems. Its warming potential is 296 times higher than that of CO2. Most N2O emission …             Urinary arsenic profiles reveal exposures to inorganic arsenic from private drinking water supplies in Cornwall, UK ▶     D. R. S. Middleton, M. J. Watts, E. M. Hamilton et al.     Private water supplies (PWS) in Cornwall, South West England exceeded the current WHO guidance value and UK prescribed concentration or value (PCV) for arsenic of 10 μg/L in 5% …             Enhanced Salt Removal by Unipolar Ion Conduction in Ion Concentration Polarization Desalination ▶     Rhokyun Kwak, Van Sang Pham, Bumjoo Kim et al.     Chloride ion, the majority salt in nature, is ∼52% faster than sodium ion (DNa+ = 1.33, DCl− = 2.03[10−9m2s−1]). Yet, current electrochemical desalination technologies (e.g. …             The mossy north: an inverse latitudinal diversity gradient in European bryophytes ▶     Rubén G. Mateo, Olivier Broennimann, Signe Normand et al.     It remains hotly debated whether latitudinal diversity gradients are common across taxonomic groups and whether a single mechanism can explain such gradients. Investigating …             How maize monoculture and increasing winter rainfall have brought the hibernating European hamster to the verge of extinction ▶     Mathilde L. Tissier, Yves Handrich, Jean-Patrice Robin et al.     Over the last decades, climate change and agricultural intensification have been identified as two major phenomena negatively affecting biodiversity. However, little is known …             Linking mercury, carbon, and nitrogen stable isotopes in Tibetan biota: Implications for using mercury stable isotopes as source tracers ▶     Xiaoyu Xu, Qianggong Zhang, Wen-Xiong Wang     Tibetan Plateau is located at a mountain region isolated from direct anthropogenic sources. Mercury concentrations and stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and mercury were …             Achieving Stable Nitritation for Mainstream Deammonification by Combining Free Nitrous Acid-Based Sludge Treatment and Oxygen Limitation ▶     Dongbo Wang, Qilin Wang, Andrew Laloo et al.     Stable nitritation is a critical bottleneck for achieving autotrophic nitrogen removal using the energy-saving mainstream deammonification process. Herein we report a new …             Crackle template based metallic mesh with highly homogeneous light transmission for high-performance transparent EMI shielding ▶     Yu Han, Jie Lin, Yuxuan Liu et al.     Our daily electromagnetic environment is becoming increasingly complex with the rapid development of consumer electronics and wireless communication technologies, which in turn …             Identification of novel serum peptide biomarkers for high-altitude adaptation: a comparative approach ▶     Juan Yang, Wenhua Li, Siyuan Liu et al.     We aimed to identify serum biomarkers for screening individuals who could adapt to high-altitude hypoxia at sea level. HHA (high-altitude hypoxia acclimated; n = 48) and HHI …             Multi-scale analysis of relationship between landscape pattern and urban river water quality in different seasons ▶     Rui Xiao, Guofeng Wang, Qianwen Zhang et al.     Water quality is highly dependent on the landscape characteristics. In this study, we investigated the relationships between water quality and landscape pattern (composition and …             Plant phenological synchrony increases under rapid within-spring warming ▶     Cong Wang, Yanhong Tang, Jin Chen     Phenological synchrony influences many ecological processes. Recent climate change has altered the synchrony of phenology, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. …             Spatial And Temporal Trends Of Organic Pollutants In Vegetation From Remote And Rural Areas ▶     Mireia Bartrons, Jordi Catalan, Josep Penuelas     Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) used in agricultural, industrial, and domestic applications are widely distributed and …             Proteomic analyses bring new insights into the effect of a dark stress on lipid biosynthesis in Phaeodactylum tricornutum ▶     Xiaocui Bai, Hao Song, Michel Lavoie et al.     Microalgae biosynthesize high amount of lipids and show high potential for renewable biodiesel production. However, the production cost of microalgae-derived biodiesel hampers …             Changes in variation at the MHC class II DQA locus during the final demise of the woolly mammoth ▶     Patrícia Pečnerová, David Díez-del-Molino, Sergey Vartanyan et al.     According to the nearly-neutral theory of evolution, the relative strengths of selection and drift shift in favour of drift at small population sizes. Numerous studies have …             High water content in primitive continental flood basalts ▶     Qun-Ke Xia, Yao Bi, Pei Li et al.     As the main constituent of large igneous provinces, the generation of continental flood basalts (CFB) that are characterized by huge eruption volume (>105 km3) within short time …             Development of Quantitative Real-time PCR Assays for Different Clades of “Candidatus Accumulibacter” ▶     An Ni Zhang, Yanping Mao, Tong Zhang     We designed novel quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers for the polyphosphate kinase 1 (ppk1) gene, targeting eight individual “Candidatus …             Surfactant-free synthesis of octahedral ZnO/ZnFe2O4 heterostructure with ultrahigh and selective adsorption capacity of malachite green ▶     Jue Liu, Min Zeng, Ronghai Yu     A new octahedral ZnO/ZnFe2O4 heterostructure has been fabricated through a facile surfactant-free solvothermal method followed by thermal treatment. It exhibits a record-high …             Microgravity Induction of TRAIL Expression in Preosteoclast Cells Enhances Osteoclast Differentiation ▶     Yuvaraj Sambandam, Kelsey L. Baird, Maxwell Stroebel et al.     Evidence indicates that astronauts experience significant bone loss in space. We previously showed that simulated microgravity (μXg) using the NASA developed rotary cell culture …             Vegetation dynamics at the upper elevational limit of vascular plants in Himalaya ▶     Jiri Dolezal, Miroslav Dvorsky, Martin Kopecky et al.     A rapid warming in Himalayas is predicted to increase plant upper distributional limits, vegetation cover and abundance of species adapted to warmer climate. We explored these …             Species and Media Effects on Soil Carbon Dynamics in the Landscape ▶     S. Christopher Marble, Stephen A. Prior, G. Brett Runion et al.     Three woody shrub species [cleyera (Ternstroemia gymnanthera Thunb. ‘Conthery’), Indian hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis indica L.) and loropetalum (Loropetalum chinensis Oliv.‘Ruby’)] …             Surface fractal dimension, water adsorption efficiency, and cloud nucleation activity of insoluble aerosol ▶     Ari Laaksonen, Jussi Malila, Athanasios Nenes et al.     Surface porosity affects the ability of a substance to adsorb gases. The surface fractal dimension D is a measure that indicates the amount that a surface fills a space, and can …             CSN6, a subunit of the COP9 signalosome, is involved in early response to iron deficiency in Oryza sativa ▶     Song Tan, Fang Liu, Xiao-Xi Pan et al.     The COP9 signalosome (CSN) plays an important role in proteasome-mediated degradation by regulating CUL1 rubylation of the SCF ligase and is involved in many crucial biological …                 npj Pollution Control is an open access journal now open for submissions. 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