Scientific Reports Biology Table of Contents e-alert: 10 May 2016

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10 May 2016      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports               Free naturejobs webcast From bench to business: Top tips from experts and entrepreneurs on how to take your research all the way from idea to product. You’ll also learn how to find the right funding and how to create the perfect pitch to get your research off the ground. Wednesday May 25th, 2016 at 8AM PST, 11AM EST, 4PM BST & 5PM CEST Register for the webcast and the live Q&A session Produced with support from: Novo Nordisk                 Biological Sciences               Corrigendum: Multi-stability of circadian phase wave within early postnatal suprachiasmatic nucleus ▶     Byeongha Jeong, Jin Hee Hong, Hyun Kim et al.                 Corrigendum: Mechanistic analysis of a synthetic inhibitor of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasI quorum-sensing signal synthase ▶     O. Lidor, A. Al-Quntar, E. C. Pesci et al.                 Mitochondrial genomes of praying mantises (Dictyoptera, Mantodea): rearrangement, duplication, and reassignment of tRNA genes ▶     Fei Ye, Xu-e Lan, Wen-bo Zhu et al.     Insect mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) contain a conserved set of 37 genes for an extensive diversity of lineages. Previously reported dictyopteran mitogenomes share this …             Corrigendum: Sparse deconvolution of high-density super-resolution images ▶     Siewert Hugelier, Johan J. de Rooi, Romain Bernex et al.                 p53-dependent SIRT6 expression protects Aβ42-induced DNA damage ▶     Eun Sun Jung, Hyunjung Choi, Hyundong Song et al.     Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and age-related neurodegenerative disease. Elucidating the cellular changes that occur during ageing is an important …             A gonogenic stimulated transition of mouse embryonic stem cells with enhanced control of diverse differentiation pathways ▶     Cameron Moshfegh, Lina Aires, Malgorzata Kisielow et al.     Embryonic stem (ES) cells share markers with undifferentiated primordial germ cells (PGCs). Here, we discovered that a cellular state with some molecular markers of male gonocyte …             Harnessing heterologous and endogenous CRISPR-Cas machineries for efficient markerless genome editing in Clostridium ▶     Michael E. Pyne, Mark R. Bruder, Murray Moo-Young et al.     Application of CRISPR-Cas9 systems has revolutionized genome editing across all domains of life. Here we report implementation of the heterologous Type II CRISPR-Cas9 system in …             Characterization and Small RNA Content of Extracellular Vesicles in Follicular Fluid of Developing Bovine Antral Follicles ▶     Raphatphorn Navakanitworakul, Wei-Ting Hung, Sumedha Gunewardena et al.     Exosomes and microvesicles (i.e., extracellular vesicles: EVs) have been identified within ovarian follicular fluid and recent evidence suggests that EVs are able to elicit …             Corrigendum: Exon-centric regulation of ATM expression is population-dependent and amenable to antisense modification by pseudoexon targeting ▶     Jana Kralovicova, Marcin Knut, Nicholas C. P. Cross et al.                 Detection and Quantification of CWD Prions in Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissues by Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion ▶     Clare E. Hoover, Kristen A. Davenport, Davin M. Henderson et al.     Traditional diagnostic detection of chronic wasting disease (CWD) relies on immunodetection of misfolded CWD prion protein (PrPCWD) by western blotting, ELISA, or …             Screening of an anti-inflammatory peptide from Hydrophis cyanocinctus and analysis of its activities and mechanism in DSS-induced acute colitis ▶     Zengjie Zheng, Hailong Jiang, Yan Huang et al.     Snake has been used for centuries as a traditional Chinese medicine, especially for therapeutic treatment for inflammatory diseases; however, its mechanisms of action and active …             The feasibility of in vivo imaging of infiltrating blood cells for predicting the functional prognosis after spinal cord injury ▶     Kazuya Yokota, Takeyuki Saito, Kazu Kobayakawa et al.     After a spinal cord injury (SCI), a reliable prediction of the potential functional outcome is essential for determining the optimal treatment strategy. Despite recent advances …             Galectin-3 Binds to Lubricin and Reinforces the Lubricating Boundary Layer of Articular Cartilage ▶     Heidi L. Reesink, Edward D. Bonnevie, Sherry Liu et al.     Lubricin is a mucinous, synovial fluid glycoprotein that enables near frictionless joint motion via adsorption to the surface of articular cartilage and its lubricating …             Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of NSC23925b, a novel P-glycoprotein inhibitor: preclinical study in mice and rats ▶     Yan Gao, Jacson K. Shen, Edwin Choy et al.     Overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) increases multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer, which greatly impedes satisfactory clinical treatment and outcomes of cancer patients. Due …             Palaeoneurological clues to the evolution of defining mammalian soft tissue traits ▶     J. Benoit, P. R. Manger, B. S. Rubidge     A rich fossil record chronicles the distant origins of mammals, but the evolution of defining soft tissue characters of extant mammals, such as mammary glands and hairs is …             Transcriptomic profile of tobacco in response to Alternaria longipes and Alternaria alternata infections ▶     Shengchang Duan, Xiao Ma, Wei Chen et al.     Tobacco brown spot caused by Alternaria fungal species is one of the most damaging diseases, and results in significant yield losses. However, little is known about the …             Therapeutic inhibition of mitochondrial function induces cell death in starvation-resistant renal cell carcinomas ▶     Takahiro Isono, Tokuhiro Chano, Junji Yonese et al.     Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) have two types of cells for carbon metabolism and for cell signaling under nutrient-deprivation conditions, namely starvation-resistant and …             Comparison of community structures of Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera-like bacteria of NC10 phylum in different freshwater habitats ▶     Li-dong Shen, Hong-sheng Wu, Zhi-qiu Gao et al.     Methane oxidation coupled to nitrite reduction is mediated by ‘Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera’ (M. oxyfera), which belongs to the NC10 phylum. In this study, the community …             N-hypermannose glycosylation disruption enhances recombinant protein production by regulating secretory pathway and cell wall integrity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ▶     Hongting Tang, Shenghuan Wang, Jiajing Wang et al.     Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a robust host for heterologous protein expression. The efficient expression of cellulases in S. cerevisiae is important for the consolidated …             Chloroplast phylogenomic analyses reveal the deepest-branching lineage of the Chlorophyta, Palmophyllophyceae class. nov. ▶     Frederik Leliaert, Ana Tronholm, Claude Lemieux et al.     The green plants (Viridiplantae) are an ancient group of eukaryotes comprising two main clades: the Chlorophyta, which includes a wide diversity of green algae, and the …             Bafetinib (INNO-406) reverses multidrug resistance by inhibiting the efflux function of ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporters ▶     Yun-Kai Zhang, Guan-Nan Zhang, Yi-Jun Wang et al.     ATP-Binding Cassette transporters are involved in the efflux of xenobiotic compounds and are responsible for decreasing drug accumulation in multidrug resistant (MDR) cells. …             Bees eavesdrop upon informative and persistent signal compounds in alarm pheromones ▶     Zhengwei Wang, Ping Wen, Yufeng Qu et al.     Pollinators such as bees provide a critical ecosystem service that can be impaired by information about predation. We provide the first evidence for olfactory eavesdropping and …             The impact of amplification on differential expression analyses by RNA-seq ▶     Swati Parekh, Christoph Ziegenhain, Beate Vieth et al.     Currently, quantitative RNA-seq methods are pushed to work with increasingly small starting amounts of RNA that require amplification. However, it is unclear how much noise or …             Identification of cancer-driver genes in focal genomic alterations from whole genome sequencing data ▶     Ho Jang, Youngmi Hur, Hyunju Lee     DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) are the main genomic events that occur during the initiation and development of cancer. Distinguishing driver aberrant regions from passenger …             Erratum: Epigenetic and Transcriptional Alterations in Human Adipose Tissue of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ▶     Milana Kokosar, Anna Benrick, Alexander Perfilyev et al.                 Corrigendum: Influenza A viruses escape from MxA restriction at the expense of efficient nuclear vRNP import ▶     Veronika Götz, Linda Magar, Dominik Dornfeld et al.                 Corrigendum: 3D visualization of the lumbar facet joint after degeneration using propagation phase contrast micro-tomography ▶     Yong Cao, Yi Zhang, Xianzhen Yin et al.                 Force Generation by Membrane-Associated Myosin-I ▶     Serapion Pyrpassopoulos, Göker Arpağ, Elizabeth A. Feeser et al.     Vertebrate myosin-IC (Myo1c) is a type-1 myosin that links cell membranes to the cytoskeleton via its actin-binding motor domain and its phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate …             Etiology matters – Genomic DNA Methylation Patterns in Three Rat Models of Acquired Epilepsy ▶     Konrad J. Dębski, Asla Pitkanen, Noora Puhakka et al.     This study tested the hypothesis that acquired epileptogenesis is accompanied by DNA methylation changes independent of etiology. We investigated DNA methylation and gene …             N6-Methyladenosine: a conformational marker that regulates the substrate specificity of human demethylases FTO and ALKBH5 ▶     Shui Zou, Joel D. W. Toh, Kendra H. Q. Wong et al.     N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is currently one of the most intensively studied post-transcriptional modifications in RNA. Due to its critical role in epigenetics and physiological …             Improved metagenome assemblies and taxonomic binning using long-read circular consensus sequence data ▶     J. A. Frank, Y. Pan, A. Tooming-Klunderud et al.     DNA assembly is a core methodological step in metagenomic pipelines used to study the structure and function within microbial communities. Here we investigate the utility of …             The redox protein p66shc mediates cochlear vascular dysfunction and transient noise-induced hearing loss ▶     A. R. Fetoni, S. L. M. Eramo, F. Paciello et al.     p66shc, a member of the ShcA protein family, is essential for cellular response to oxidative stress, and elicits the formation of mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), …             Neglecting diurnal variations leads to uncertainties in terrestrial nitrous oxide emissions ▶     Narasinha J. Shurpali, Üllar Rannik, Simo Jokinen et al.     Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas produced in soil and aquatic ecosystems. Its warming potential is 296 times higher than that of CO2. Most N2O emission …             Mechanical interlocking of cotton fibers on slightly textured surfaces of metallic cylinders ▶     Youqiang Zhang, Yu Tian, Yonggang Meng     Mechanical interlocking is widely applied in industry and general lives of human beings. In this work, we realized the control of locking or sliding states of cotton fibers on …             Limits to sustained energy intake XXIV: impact of suckling behaviour on the body temperatures of lactating female mice ▶     Y. Gamo, A. Bernard, C. Troup et al.     The objective of this study was to investigate the potential causes of high body temperature (Tb) during lactation in mice as a putative limit on energy intake. In particular we …             Hypotrichosis and juvenile macular dystrophy caused by CDH3 mutation: A candidate disease for retinal gene therapy ▶     Mandeep S. Singh, Suzanne Broadgate, Ranjana Mathur et al.     Hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy (HJMD) is an autosomal recessive disorder that causes childhood visual impairment. HJMD is caused by mutations in CDH3 which encodes …             FGFR3b Extracellular Loop Mutation Lacks Tumorigenicity In Vivo but Collaborates with p53/pRB Deficiency to Induce High-grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma ▶     Haiping Zhou, Feng He, Cathy L. Mendelsohn et al.     Missense mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) occur in up to 80% of low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (LGP-UCB) suggesting that these …             miRNA let-7b modulates macrophage polarization and enhances tumor-associated macrophages to promote angiogenesis and mobility in prostate cancer ▶     Zhigang Wang, Lu Xu, Yinying Hu et al.     Macrophage polarization is a highly plastic physiological process that responds to a variety of environmental factors by changing macrophage phenotype and function. …             Activated Stat5 trafficking Via Endothelial Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles Controls IL-3 Pro-angiogenic Paracrine Action ▶     Giusy Lombardo, Patrizia Dentelli, Gabriele Togliatto et al.     Soluble factors and cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) control vascular cell fate during inflammation. The present study investigates the impact of Interleukin 3 (IL-3) on …             Notch2 as a promising prognostic biomarker for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma ▶     Cong Wang, Qingbao Li, Fang Liu et al.     We aimed to examine Notch2 expression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients and to evaluate its prognostic potential. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, …             Proteome analysis for the global proteins in the jejunum tissues of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli -infected piglets ▶     Wenkai Ren, Jie Yin, Shuai Chen et al.     Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common cause of diarrhea in humans and livestock. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) …             Multiple gene mutations identified in patients infected with influenza A (H7N9) virus ▶     Cuicui Chen, Mingbang Wang, Zhaoqin Zhu et al.     Influenza A (H7N9) virus induced high mortality since 2013. It is important to elucidate the potential genetic variations that contribute to virus infection susceptibilities. In …             Endocrine and Metabolic Pathways Linked to Keratoconus: Implications for the Role of Hormones in the Stromal Microenvironment ▶     Tina B McKay, Jesper Hjortdal, Henrik Sejersen et al.     Hormones play a critical role in regulating tissue function by promoting cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Our study explores the influence of endocrine function …             The effect of ageing on the mechanical properties of the silk of the bridge spider Larinioides cornutus (Clerck, 1757) ▶     Emiliano Lepore, Marco Isaia, Stefano Mammola et al.     Spider silk is regarded as one of the best natural polymer fibers especially in terms of low density, high tensile strength and high elongation until breaking. Since only a few …             Vaspin regulates the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 through the PI3K-Akt/miR-34c loop ▶     Yuan Liu, Feng Xu, Hong-Xia Pei et al.     Vaspin (visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor) is a newly discovered adipokine that widely participates in diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovarian syndrome and …             Deregulated hedgehog pathway signaling is inhibited by the smoothened antagonist LDE225 (Sonidegib) in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia ▶     David A. Irvine, Bin Zhang, Ross Kinstrie et al.     Targeting the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway represents a potential leukaemia stem cell (LSC)-directed therapy which may compliment tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to eradicate LSC in …             Microfluidic platform combining droplets and magnetic tweezers: application to HER2 expression in cancer diagnosis ▶     Davide Ferraro, Jérôme Champ, Bruno Teste et al.     The development of precision medicine, together with the multiplication of targeted therapies and associated molecular biomarkers, call for major progress in genetic analysis …             Population transcriptomics uncovers the regulation of gene expression variation in adaptation to changing environment ▶     Qin Xu, Caiyun Zhu, Yangyang Fan et al.     Expression variation plays an important role in plant adaptation, but little is known about the factors impacting the expression variation when population adapts to changing …             Seasonal phoresy as an overwintering strategy of a phytophagous mite ▶     Sai Liu, Jianling Li, Kun Guo et al.     Migration by attachment to insects is common among mites that live in temporary habitats. However, because plants provide relatively stable habitats, phytophagous mites are …             Trafficking of Endogenous Immunoglobulins by Endothelial Cells at the Blood-Brain Barrier ▶     Roberto Villaseñor, Laurence Ozmen, Nadia Messaddeq et al.     The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) restricts access of large molecules to the brain. The low endocytic activity of brain endothelial cells (BECs) is believed to limit delivery of …             The nuclear receptor LXR modulates interleukin-18 levels in macrophages through multiple mechanisms ▶     Benoit Pourcet, Matthew C. Gage, Theresa E. León et al.     IL-18 is a member of the IL-1 family involved in innate immunity and inflammation. Deregulated levels of IL-18 are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple disorders including …             How maize monoculture and increasing winter rainfall have brought the hibernating European hamster to the verge of extinction ▶     Mathilde L. Tissier, Yves Handrich, Jean-Patrice Robin et al.     Over the last decades, climate change and agricultural intensification have been identified as two major phenomena negatively affecting biodiversity. However, little is known …             eEF1A1 binds and enriches protoporphyrin IX in cancer cells in 5-aminolevulinic acid based photodynamic therapy ▶     Zhichao Fan, Xiaojun Cui, Dan Wei et al.     Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which is endogenously derived from 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) or its derivatives, is a promising modality for the …             Corrigendum: Kinetics of protein-ligand unbinding via smoothed potential molecular dynamics simulations ▶     Luca Mollica, Sergio Decherchi, Syeda Rehana Zia et al.                 Generation and gene expression profiling of 48 transcription-factor-inducible mouse embryonic stem cell lines ▶     Kohei Yamamizu, Alexei A. Sharov, Yulan Piao et al.     Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into a wide range – and possibly all cell types in vitro, and thus provide an ideal platform to study systematically the …             Creb1 regulates late stage mammalian lung development via respiratory epithelial and mesenchymal-independent mechanisms ▶     N. Antony, A. R. McDougall, T. Mantamadiotis et al.     During mammalian lung development, the morphological transition from respiratory tree branching morphogenesis to a predominantly saccular architecture, capable of air-breathing …             Multilocus phylogenetic analyses reveal unexpected abundant diversity and significant disjunct distribution pattern of the Hedgehog Mushrooms (Hydnum L.) ▶     Bang Feng, Xiang-Hua Wang, David Ratkowsky et al.     Hydnum is a fungal genus proposed by Linnaeus in the early time of modern taxonomy. It contains several ectomycorrhizal species which are commonly consumed worldwide. However, …             Widespread 3′-end uridylation in eukaryotic RNA viruses ▶     Yayun Huo, Jianguo Shen, Huanian Wu et al.     RNA 3′ uridylation occurs pervasively in eukaryotes, but is poorly characterized in viruses. In this study, we demonstrate that a broad array of RNA viruses, including …             Role Of Hif2α Oxygen Sensing Pathway In Bronchial Epithelial Club Cell Proliferation ▶     Mar Torres-Capelli, Glenn Marsboom, Qilong Oscar Yang Li et al.     Oxygen-sensing pathways executed by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) induce a cellular adaptive program when oxygen supply becomes limited. However, the role of the HIF …             The accommodative ciliary muscle function is preserved in older humans ▶     Juan Tabernero, Emmanuel Chirre, Lucia Hervella et al.     Presbyopia, the loss of the eye’s accommodation capability, affects all humans aged above 45–50 years old. The two main reasons for this to happen are a hardening of the …             3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione protects retinal pigment epithelium cells against Ultra-violet radiation via activation of Akt-mTORC1-dependent Nrf2-HO-1 signaling ▶     Ke-ran Li, Su-qing Yang, Yi-qing Gong et al.     Excessive UV radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell injuries. Nrf2 regulates transcriptional activation of many anti-oxidant …             Wheat seed embryo excision enables the creation of axenic seedlings and Koch’s postulates testing of putative bacterial endophytes ▶     Rebekah J. Robinson, Bart A. Fraaije, Ian M. Clark et al.     Early establishment of endophytes can play a role in pathogen suppression and improve seedling development. One route for establishment of endophytes in seedlings is transmission …             Characterization of anti-leukemia components from Indigo naturalis using comprehensive two-dimensional K562/cell membrane chromatography and in silico target identification ▶     Xunxun Wu, Xiaofei Chen, Jia Dan et al.     Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been developed for thousands of years and has formed an integrated theoretical system based on a large amount of clinical practice. …             Touch uses frictional cues to discriminate flat materials ▶     David Gueorguiev, Séréna Bochereau, André Mouraux et al.     In a forced-choice task, we asked human participants to discriminate by touch alone glass plates from transparent polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) plastic plates. While the …             Evolved resistance to colistin and its loss due to genetic reversion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ▶     Ji-Young Lee, Young Kyoung Park, Eun Seon Chung et al.     The increased reliance on colistin for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections has resulted in the emergence of colistin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. …             Quantification of topological features in cell meshes to explore E-cadherin dysfunction ▶     Tânia Mestre, Joana Figueiredo, Ana Sofia Ribeiro et al.     In cancer, defective E-cadherin leads to cell detachment, migration and metastization. Further, alterations mediated by E-cadherin dysfunction affect cell topology and tissue …             Antigen distribution of TMUV and GPV are coincident with the expression profiles of CD8α-positive cells and goose IFNγ ▶     Hao Zhou, Shun Chen, Mingshu Wang et al.     Both Tembusu virus (TMUV) and goose parvovirus (GPV) are causative agents of goose disease. However, the host immune response of the goose against these two different categories …             Cetuximab-modified mesoporous silica nano-medicine specifically targets EGFR-mutant lung cancer and overcomes drug resistance ▶     Yuetong Wang, Hsin-Yi Huang, Liu Yang et al.     Drug resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is the main obstacle for efficient treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung cancer patients. Here we …             PCNA is involved in the EndoQ-mediated DNA repair process in Thermococcales ▶     Miyako Shiraishi, Sonoko Ishino, Kotaro Yoshida et al.     To maintain genome integrity for transfer to their offspring, and to maintain order in cellular processes, all living organisms have DNA repair systems. Besides the …             Expression of human Cfdp1 gene in Drosophila reveals new insights into the function of the evolutionarily conserved BCNT protein family ▶     Giovanni Messina, Maria Teresa Atterrato, Laura Fanti et al.     The Bucentaur (BCNT) protein family is widely distributed in eukaryotes and is characterized by a highly conserved C-terminal domain. This family was identified two decades ago …             Evaluation of the appropriateness of using glucometers for measuring the blood glucose levels in mice ▶     Yu Togashi, Jun Shirakawa, Tomoko Okuyama et al.     Glucometers are also widely used in diabetes research conducted using animal models. However, the appropriateness of measuring blood glucose levels using glucometers in animal …             Large-scale rewiring of innate immunity circuitry and microRNA regulation during initial rice blast infection ▶     Ze-Yuan Li, Jing Xia, Zheng Chen et al.     Rice blast is a recurrent fungal disease, and resistance to fungal infection is a complex trait. Therefore, a comprehensive examination of rice transcriptome and its variation …             Crystal structure of TRAF1 TRAF domain and its implications in the TRAF1-mediated intracellular signaling pathway ▶     Chang Min Kim, Jae Young Choi, Eijaz Ahmed Bhat et al.     TNF-receptor associated factor (TRAF) proteins are key adaptor molecules containing E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that play a critical role in immune cell signaling. TRAF1 is a …             Directional Selection from Host Plants Is a Major Force Driving Host Specificity in Magnaporthe Species ▶     Zhenhui Zhong, Justice Norvienyeku, Meilian Chen et al.     One major threat to global food security that requires immediate attention, is the increasing incidence of host shift and host expansion in growing number of pathogenic fungi and …             A platinum-based hybrid drug design approach to circumvent acquired resistance to molecular targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors ▶     Yuming Wei, Daniel C. Poon, Rong Fei et al.     Three molecular targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) were conjugated to classical platinum-based drugs with an aim to circumvent TKI resistance, predominately mediated by …             Communicative signals support abstract rule learning by 7-month-old infants ▶     Brock Ferguson, Casey Lew-Williams     The mechanisms underlying the discovery of abstract rules like those found in natural language may be evolutionarily tuned to speech, according to previous research. When infants …             Orderly progression through S-phase requires dynamic ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation of PCNA ▶     Vanesa Álvarez, Laura Viñas, Alfonso Gallego-Sánchez et al.     Proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA sliding clamp with an essential function in DNA replication and a key role in tolerance to DNA damage by ensuring the bypass of …             Cleavage Site Localization Differentially Controls Interleukin-6 Receptor Proteolysis by ADAM10 and ADAM17 ▶     Steffen Riethmueller, Johanna C. Ehlers, Juliane Lokau et al.     Limited proteolysis of the Interleukin-6 Receptor (IL-6R) leads to the release of the IL-6R ectodomain. Binding of the cytokine IL-6 to the soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) results in an …             A thaumatin-like protein of Ocimum basilicum confers tolerance to fungal pathogen and abiotic stress in transgenic Arabidopsis ▶     Rajesh Chandra Misra, Sandeep, Mohan Kamthan et al.     Plant often responds to fungal pathogens by expressing a group of proteins known as pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs). The expression of PR is mediated through pathogen-induced …             Rational design of mutations that change the aggregation rate of a protein while maintaining its native structure and stability ▶     Carlo Camilloni, Benedetta Maria Sala, Pietro Sormanni et al.     A wide range of human diseases is associated with mutations that, destabilizing proteins native state, promote their aggregation. However, the mechanisms leading from folded to …             Triple combination MPT vaginal microbicide using curcumin and efavirenz loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles ▶     Yeruva Samrajya Lakshmi, Prashant Kumar, Golla Kishore et al.     We report that a combination of anti-HIV-1 drug efavirenz (EFV), anti-microbial-spermicidal curcumin (Cur) and lactoferrin nanoparticles (ECNPs) act as MPT formulation. These …             Identification of side- and shear-dependent microRNAs regulating porcine aortic valve pathogenesis ▶     Swetha Rathan, Casey J. Ankeny, Sivakkumar Arjunon et al.     Aortic valve (AV) calcification is an inflammation driven process that occurs preferentially in the fibrosa. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we investigated if key …             Mechanism of Ribonuclease III Catalytic Regulation by Serine Phosphorylation ▶     Swapna Gone, Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto, Samridhdi Paudyal et al.     Ribonuclease III (RNase III) is a conserved, gene-regulatory bacterial endonuclease that cleaves double-helical structures in diverse coding and noncoding RNAs. RNase III is …             Utilization of Microemulsions from Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz to Improve Carotenoid Bioavailability ▶     Nai-Hsing Ho, Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj, Bing-Huei Chen     Carotenoids have been known to reduce the risk of several diseases including cancer and cardiovascular. However, carotenoids are unstable and susceptible to degradation. …             (Meta)genomic insights into the pathogenome of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans ▶     Anukriti Sharma, Jack A. Gilbert, Rup Lal     Despite having serious clinical manifestations, Cellulosimicrobium cellulans remain under-reported with only three genome sequences available at the time of writing. Genome …             Engineering a Brain Cancer Chip for High-throughput Drug Screening ▶     Yantao Fan, Duong Thanh Nguyen, Yasemin Akay et al.     Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant of all human primary brain cancers, in which drug treatment is still one of the most effective treatments. However, …             Identification of PKD2 mutations in human preimplantation embryos in vitro using a combination of targeted next-generation sequencing and targeted haplotyping ▶     Song-Chang Chen, Xiao-Li Xu, Jun-Yu Zhang et al.     Here, we evaluate the applicability of a new method that combines targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) with targeted haplotyping in identifying PKD2 gene mutations in human …             Quantitative Study of Cell Invasion Process under Extracellular Stimulation of Cytokine in a Microfluidic Device ▶     Kin Fong Lei, Hsueh-Peng Tseng, Chia-Yi Lee et al.     Cell invasion is the first step of cancer metastasis that is the primary cause of death for cancer patients and defined as cell movement through extracellular matrix (ECM). …             Convergent Transcription of Interferon-stimulated Genes by TNF-α and IFN-α Augments Antiviral Activity against HCV and HEV ▶     Wenshi Wang, Lei Xu, Johannes H. Brandsma et al.     IFN-α has been used for decades to treat chronic hepatitis B and C, and as an off-label treatment for some cases of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. TNF-α is another important …             Co-circulation of H5N6, H3N2, H3N8, and Emergence of Novel Reassortant H3N6 in a Local Community in Hunan Province in China ▶     Xuyong Li, Jiayun Yang, Bin Liu et al.     Multiple infections of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in poultry or wild birds contribute to the continued evolution of H5 subtype viruses in nature and provide potential …             Measuring changes in substrate utilization in the myocardium in response to fasting using hyperpolarized [1-13C]butyrate and [1-13C]pyruvate ▶     Jessica A. M. Bastiaansen, Matthew E. Merritt, Arnaud Comment     Cardiac dysfunction is often associated with a shift in substrate preference for ATP production. Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has the unique …             Small Molecules Antagonise the MIA-Fibronectin Interaction in Malignant Melanoma ▶     King Tuo Yip, Xue Yin Zhong, Nadia Seibel et al.     Melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA), an extracellular protein highly expressed by malignant melanoma cells, plays an important functional role in melanoma development, …             STIM1-dependent Ca2+ microdomains are required for myofilament remodeling and signaling in the heart ▶     Cory Parks, Mohammad Afaque Alam, Ryan Sullivan et al.     In non-excitable cells stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a key element in the generation of Ca2+ signals that lead to gene expression, migration and cell proliferation. A …             Identification of novel serum peptide biomarkers for high-altitude adaptation: a comparative approach ▶     Juan Yang, Wenhua Li, Siyuan Liu et al.     We aimed to identify serum biomarkers for screening individuals who could adapt to high-altitude hypoxia at sea level. HHA (high-altitude hypoxia acclimated; n = 48) and HHI …             Inhibition of cyclic diadenylate cyclase, DisA, by polyphenols ▶     Clement Opoku-Temeng, Herman O. Sintim     Cyclic di-AMP has emerged as an important signaling molecule that controls a myriad of functions, including cell wall homeostasis in different bacteria. Polyphenols display …             Type 3 Diabetes: Cross Talk between Differentially Regulated Proteins of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease ▶     Khyati Mittal, Ruchi Jakhmola Mani, Deepshikha Pande Katare     Type 3 Diabetes (T3D) is a neuroendocrine disorder that represents the progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). T3D contributes in the increase …             Computational investigation of dynamical transitions in Trp-cage miniprotein powders ▶     Sang Beom Kim, Devansh R. Gupta, Pablo G. Debenedetti     We investigate computationally the dynamical transitions in Trp-cage miniprotein powders, at three levels of hydration: 0.04, 0.26 and 0.4 g water/g protein. We identify two …             Rigid proteins and softening of biological membranes—with application to HIV-induced cell membrane softening ▶     Himani Agrawal, Matthew Zelisko, Liping Liu et al.     A key step in the HIV-infection process is the fusion of the virion membrane with the target cell membrane and the concomitant transfer of the viral RNA. Experimental evidence …             Ultrasonic acoustic levitation for fast frame rate X-ray protein crystallography at room temperature ▶     Soichiro Tsujino, Takashi Tomizaki     Increasing the data acquisition rate of X-ray diffraction images for macromolecular crystals at room temperature at synchrotrons has the potential to significantly accelerate …             Prokineticin receptor-1 signaling promotes Epicardial to Mesenchymal Transition during heart development ▶     Himanshu Arora, Mounia Boulberdaa, Rehana Qureshi et al.     The epicardium plays an essential role in coronary artery formation and myocardial development. However, signals controlling the developing epicardium and epicardial-mesenchymal …             Functional amyloids as inhibitors of plasmid DNA replication ▶     Laura Molina-García, Fátima Gasset-Rosa, María Moreno-del Álamo et al.     DNA replication is tightly regulated to constrain the genetic material within strict spatiotemporal boundaries and copy numbers. Bacterial plasmids are autonomously replicating …             Using resilience to predict the effects of disturbance ▶     Stuart Nattrass, David Lusseau     Animal behaviour emerges from a complex interaction between an individual’s needs, life history strategies and the varying local environment. This environment is increasingly …             Novel structural aspect of the diatom thylakoid membrane: lateral segregation of photosystem I under red-enhanced illumination ▶     David Bína, Miroslava Herbstová, Zdenko Gardian et al.     Spatial segregation of photosystems in the thylakoid membrane (lateral heterogeneity) observed in plants and in the green algae is usually considered to be absent in …             In silico identification of anti-cancer compounds and plants from traditional Chinese medicine database ▶     Shao-Xing Dai, Wen-Xing Li, Fei-Fei Han et al.     There is a constant demand to develop new, effective, and affordable anti-cancer drugs. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a valuable and alternative resource for …             RBFOX1 and RBFOX2 are dispensable in iPSCs and iPSC-derived neurons and do not contribute to neural-specific paternal UBE3A silencing ▶     Pin-Fang Chen, Jack S. Hsiao, Carissa L. Sirois et al.     Angelman Syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of function of the maternally inherited copy of UBE3A, an imprinted gene expressed biallelically in …             Nanog, Oct4 and Tet1 interplay in establishing pluripotency ▶     Victor Olariu, Cecilia Lövkvist, Kim Sneppen     A few central transcription factors inside mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are believed to control the cells’ pluripotency. …             Cell freezing protocol suitable for ATAC-Seq on motor neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells ▶     Pamela Milani, Renan Escalante-Chong, Brandon C. Shelley et al.     In recent years, the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-Seq) has become a fundamental tool of epigenomic research. However, it is difficult to …             Sequence-based Association Analysis Reveals an MGST1 eQTL with Pleiotropic Effects on Bovine Milk Composition ▶     Mathew D. Littlejohn, Kathryn Tiplady, Tania A. Fink et al.     The mammary gland is a prolific lipogenic organ, synthesising copious amounts of triglycerides for secretion into milk. The fat content of milk varies widely both between and …             Membrane-association of mRNA decapping factors is independent of stress in budding yeast ▶     Susanne Huch, Jessie Gommlich, Mridula Muppavarapu et al.     Recent evidence has suggested that the degradation of mRNA occurs on translating ribosomes or alternatively within RNA granules called P bodies, which are aggregates whose core …             Comparative and kinetic analysis of viral shedding and immunological responses in MERS patients representing a broad spectrum of disease severity ▶     Chan-Ki Min, Shinhye Cheon, Na-Young Ha et al.     Despite the ongoing spread of MERS, there is limited knowledge of the factors affecting its severity and outcomes. We analyzed clinical data and specimens from fourteen MERS …             Colonization with the enteric protozoa Blastocystis is associated with increased diversity of human gut bacterial microbiota ▶     Christophe Audebert, Gaël Even, Amandine Cian et al.     Alterations in the composition of commensal bacterial populations, a phenomenon known as dysbiosis, are linked to multiple gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel …             A novel small molecule ameliorates ocular neovascularisation and synergises with anti-VEGF therapy ▶     Rania S. Sulaiman, Stephanie Merrigan, Judith Quigley et al.     Ocular neovascularisation underlies blinding eye diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and wet age-related macular degeneration. These …             Curcumin Exerts its Anti-hypertensive Effect by Down-regulating the AT1 Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ▶     Yonggang Yao, Wei Wang, Meixiang Li et al.     Curcumin exerts beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. However, its mechanisms are unknown. We propose that curcumin prevents the development of …             HIV-1 Infection-Induced Suppression of the Let-7i/IL-2 Axis Contributes to CD4+ T Cell Death ▶     Yijun Zhang, Yue Yin, Shaoying Zhang et al.     The mechanisms underlying HIV-1-mediated CD4+ T cell depletion are highly complicated. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a key cytokine that maintains the survival and proliferation of …             Wearable 3-D Photoacoustic Tomography for Functional Brain Imaging in Behaving Rats ▶     Jianbo Tang, Jason E. Coleman, Xianjin Dai et al.     Understanding the relationship between brain function and behavior remains a major challenge in neuroscience. Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is an emerging technique that allows …             Non-tumor tissue derived interleukin-17B activates IL-17RB/AKT/β-catenin pathway to enhance the stemness of gastric cancer ▶     Qingli Bie, Caixia Sun, Aihua Gong et al.     Inflammation is a critical component involved in tumor progression. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) belongs to a relatively new family of cytokines that has been associated with the …             Early change in left atrial function in patients treated with anthracyclines assessed by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography ▶     Jing Shi, Ye Guo, Leilei Cheng et al.     Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE) has allowed a better assessment of LA volumes and function. We sought to assess the early change in left atrial size and …             Mechanistic and quantitative insight into cell surface targeted molecular imaging agent design ▶     Liang Zhang, Sumit Bhatnagar, Emily Deschenes et al.     Molecular imaging agent design involves simultaneously optimizing multiple probe properties. While several desired characteristics are straightforward, including high affinity …             Rupture Forces among Human Blood Platelets at different Degrees of Activation ▶     Thi-Huong Nguyen, Raghavendra Palankar, Van-Chien Bui et al.     Little is known about mechanics underlying the interaction among platelets during activation and aggregation. Although the strength of a blood thrombus has likely major …             Ectopic expression of amaranth seed storage albumin modulates photoassimilate transport and nutrient acquisition in sweetpotato ▶     Shubhendu Shekhar, Lalit Agrawal, Divya Mishra et al.     Storage proteins in plants, because of high nutrient value, have been a subject of intensive investigation. These proteins are synthesized de novo in the cytoplasm and …             Identifying novel genes and chemicals related to nasopharyngeal cancer in a heterogeneous network ▶     Zhandong Li, Lifeng An, Hao Li et al.     Nasopharyngeal cancer or nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common cancer originating in the nasopharynx. The factors that induce nasopharyngeal cancer are still not …             Colorectal cancer risk genes are functionally enriched in regulatory pathways ▶     Xi Lu, Mingming Cao, Su Han et al.     Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common complex disease caused by the combination of genetic variants and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been …             Selective alteration of human value decisions with medial frontal tDCS is predicted by changes in attractor dynamics ▶     D. Hämmerer, J. Bonaiuto, M. Klein-Flügge et al.     During value-based decision making, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is thought to support choices by tracking the expected gain from different outcomes via a …             Meclizine-induced enhanced glycolysis is neuroprotective in Parkinson disease cell models ▶     Chien Tai Hong, Kai-Yin Chau, Anthony H. V. Schapira     Meclizine is a well-tolerated drug routinely used as an anti-histamine agent in the management of disequilibrium. Recently, meclizine has been assessed for its neuroprotective …             Abrogation of epithelial BMP2 and BMP4 causes Amelogenesis Imperfecta by reducing MMP20 and KLK4 expression ▶     Xiaohua Xie, Chao Liu, Hua Zhang et al.     Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) can be caused by the deficiencies of enamel matrix proteins, molecules responsible for the transportation and secretion of enamel matrix components, …             Acute effects of aerobic exercise promote learning ▶     Renza Perini, Marta Bortoletto, Michela Capogrosso et al.     The benefits that physical exercise confers on cardiovascular health are well known, whereas the notion that physical exercise can also improve cognitive performance has only …             Social correlates of the dominance rank and long-term cortisol levels in adolescent and adult male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) ▶     Xiaoli Feng, Xujun Wu, Ryan J. Morrill et al.     A common pattern in dominance hierarchies is that some ranks result in higher levels of psychosocial stress than others. Such stress can lead to negative health outcomes, …             Silencing of sterol glycosyltransferases modulates the withanolide biosynthesis and leads to compromised basal immunity of Withania somnifera ▶     Gaurav Singh, Manish Tiwari, Surendra Pratap Singh et al.     Sterol glycosyltransferases (SGTs) catalyse transfer of glycon moiety to sterols and their related compounds to produce diverse glyco-conjugates or steryl glycosides with …             System biology analysis of long-term effect and mechanism of Bufei Yishen on COPD revealed by system pharmacology and 3-omics profiling ▶     Jiansheng Li, Peng Zhao, Liping Yang et al.     System pharmacology identified 195 potential targets of Bufei Yishen formula (BYF), and BYF was proven to have a short-term therapeutic effect on chronic obstructive pulmonary …             Spatiotemporal analysis of RhoA/B/C activation in primary human endothelial cells ▶     Nathalie R. Reinhard, Suzanne F. van Helden, Eloise C. Anthony et al.     Endothelial cells line the vasculature and are important for the regulation of blood pressure, vascular permeability, clotting and transendothelial migration of leukocytes and …             PfCRT and PfMDR1 modulate interactions of artemisinin derivatives and ion channel blockers ▶     Richard T. Eastman, Pwint Khine, Ruili Huang et al.     Treatment of the symptomatic asexual stage of Plasmodium falciparum relies almost exclusively on artemisinin (ART) combination therapies (ACTs) in endemic regions. ACTs combine …             Gluten-specific antibodies of celiac disease gut plasma cells recognize long proteolytic fragments that typically harbor T-cell epitopes ▶     Siri Dørum, Øyvind Steinsbø, Elin Bergseng et al.     This study aimed to identify proteolytic fragments of gluten proteins recognized by recombinant IgG1 monoclonal antibodies generated from single IgA plasma cells of celiac …             Electropriming of wheatgrass seeds using pulsed electric fields enhances antioxidant metabolism and the bioprotective capacity of wheatgrass shoots ▶     Sze Ying Leong, David John Burritt, Indrawati Oey     The influence of pulsed electric field (PEF) (0.5–2 kV/cm) treatment of wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds, with different water contents, on antioxidant metabolism in the …             An Evaluation of Blood Compatibility of Silver Nanoparticles ▶     He Huang, Wenjia Lai, Menghua Cui et al.     Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have tremendous potentials in medical devices due to their excellent antimicrobial properties. Blood compatibility should be investigated for AgNPs …             Mapping human dispersals into the Horn of Africa from Arabian Ice Age refugia using mitogenomes ▶     Francesca Gandini, Alessandro Achilli, Maria Pala et al.     Rare mitochondrial lineages with relict distributions can sometimes be disproportionately informative about deep events in human prehistory. We have studied one such lineage, …             New long-proboscid lacewings of the mid-Cretaceous provide insights into ancient plant-pollinator interactions ▶     Xiu-Mei Lu, Wei-Wei Zhang, Xing-Yue Liu     Many insects with long-proboscid mouthparts are among the pollinators of seed plants. Several cases of the long-proboscid pollination mode are known between fossil insects (e.g., …             Normal formation of a vertebrate body plan and loss of tissue maintenance in the absence of ezh2 ▶     Bilge San, Naomi D. Chrispijn, Nadine Wittkopp et al.     Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are transcriptional repressors of numerous genes, many of which regulate cell cycle progression or developmental processes. We used zebrafish to …             Cryo-Imaging of Hydrogels Supermolecular Structure ▶     Clement Marmorat, Arkadii Arinstein, Naama Koifman et al.     Gelatin, derived from collagen, has both the mechanical properties required for tissue growth, as well the functional domains required for cell binding. In its natural state, …             Is lymphovascular invasion a powerful predictor for biochemical recurrence in pT3 N0 prostate cancer? Results from the K-CaP database ▶     Yong Hyun Park, Yejin Kim, Hwanjo Yu et al.     To assess the impact of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) on the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) in pT3 N0 prostate cancer, clinical data were extracted from 1,622 patients with …             The calcium pump plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase 2 (PMCA2) regulates breast cancer cell proliferation and sensitivity to doxorubicin ▶     Amelia A. Peters, Michael J. G. Milevskiy, Wei C. Lee et al.     Regulation of Ca2+ transport is vital in physiological processes, including lactation, proliferation and apoptosis. The plasmalemmal Ca2+ pump isoform 2 (PMCA2) a calcium ion …             CD36 is expressed in a defined subpopulation of neurons in the olfactory epithelium ▶     André Machado Xavier, Raissa Guimarães Ludwig, Maíra Harume Nagai et al.     The sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium (OSNs) are equipped with a large repertoire of olfactory receptors and the associated signal transduction machinery. In addition …             Detection of Epileptic Seizures Using Phase–Amplitude Coupling in Intracranial Electroencephalography ▶     Kohtaroh Edakawa, Takufumi Yanagisawa, Haruhiko Kishima et al.     Seizure detection using intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) contributes to improved treatment of patients with refractory epilepsy. For that purpose, a feature of iEEG to …             Spatial And Temporal Trends Of Organic Pollutants In Vegetation From Remote And Rural Areas ▶     Mireia Bartrons, Jordi Catalan, Josep Penuelas     Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) used in agricultural, industrial, and domestic applications are widely distributed and …             Evolution of cooperation by the introduction of the probabilistic peer-punishment based on the difference of payoff ▶     Tetsushi Ohdaira     There are two types of costly punishment, i.e. peer-punishment and pool-punishment. While peer-punishment applies direct face to face punishment, pool-punishment is based on …             Notch signaling indirectly promotes chondrocyte hypertrophy via regulation of BMP signaling and cell cycle arrest ▶     Xifu Shang, Jinwu Wang, Zhengliang Luo et al.     Cell cycle regulation is critical for chondrocyte differentiation and hypertrophy. Recently we identified the Notch signaling pathway as an important regulator of chondrocyte …             A potential adjuvant chemotherapeutics, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, inhibits renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis via enhancing BMP-7 epigenetically through targeting HDAC2 ▶     Taotao Ma, Cheng Huang, Xiaoming Meng et al.     Cisplatin, a highly effective and widely used chemotherapeutic agent, has a major limitation for its nephrotoxicity. We recently identified a novel strategy for attenuating its …             Proteomic analyses bring new insights into the effect of a dark stress on lipid biosynthesis in Phaeodactylum tricornutum ▶     Xiaocui Bai, Hao Song, Michel Lavoie et al.     Microalgae biosynthesize high amount of lipids and show high potential for renewable biodiesel production. However, the production cost of microalgae-derived biodiesel hampers …             Activation of endothelial β-catenin signaling induces heart failure ▶     Akito Nakagawa, Atsuhiko T. Naito, Tomokazu Sumida et al.     Activation of β-catenin-dependent canonical Wnt signaling in endothelial cells plays a key role in angiogenesis during development and ischemic diseases, however, other roles of …             Dysfunctional counting of mental time in Parkinson’s disease ▶     Motoyasu Honma, Takeshi Kuroda, Akinori Futamura et al.     Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) often underestimate time intervals, however it remains unclear why they underestimate rather than overestimate them. The current study …             Plant phenological synchrony increases under rapid within-spring warming ▶     Cong Wang, Yanhong Tang, Jin Chen     Phenological synchrony influences many ecological processes. Recent climate change has altered the synchrony of phenology, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. …             Rapid authentication of the precious herb saffron by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based on internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence ▶     Mingming Zhao, Yuhua Shi, Lan Wu et al.     Saffron is one of the most expensive species of Chinese herbs and has been subjected to various types of adulteration because of its high price and limited production. The …             Evaluation of energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis in cells affected by Shwachman-Diamond syndrome ▶     Silvia Ravera, Carlo Dufour, Simone Cesaro et al.     Isomorphic mutation of the SBDS gene causes Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS). SDS is a rare genetic bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition syndrome. SDS cells have …             Tinospora cordifolia ameliorates anxiety-like behavior and improves cognitive functions in acute sleep deprived rats ▶     Rachana Mishra, Shaffi Manchanda, Muskan Gupta et al.     Sleep deprivation (SD) leads to the spectrum of mood disorders like anxiety, cognitive dysfunctions and motor coordination impairment in many individuals. However, there is no …             A Novel Protective Function of 5-Methoxytryptophan in Vascular Injury ▶     Yen-Chun Ho, Meng-Ling Wu, Chen-Hsuan Su et al.     5-Methoxytryptophan (5-MTP), a 5-methoxyindole metabolite of tryptophan metabolism, was recently shown to suppress inflammatory mediator-induced cancer cell proliferation and …             Endotoxemia-induced cytokine-mediated responses of hippocampal astrocytes transmitted by cells of the brain–immune interface ▶     Sanae Hasegawa-Ishii, Muneo Inaba, Hiroyuki Umegaki et al.     Systemic inflammation shifts the brain microenvironment towards a proinflammatory state. However, how peripheral inflammation mediates changes in the brain remains to be …             Learning Bayesian Networks from Correlated Data ▶     Harold Bae, Stefano Monti, Monty Montano et al.     Bayesian networks are probabilistic models that represent complex distributions in a modular way and have become very popular in many fields. There are many methods to build …             Flagellin-induced NADPH oxidase 4 activation is involved in atherosclerosis ▶     Jinoh Kim, Misun Seo, Su Kyung Kim et al.     It is widely accepted that bacterial infection-mediated inflammation facilitates development of atherosclerosis by activating toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling system. We …             Co-spread of metal and antibiotic resistance within ST3-IncHI2 plasmids from E. coli isolates of food-producing animals ▶     Liangxing Fang, Xingping Li, Liang Li et al.     Concerns have been raised in recent years regarding co-selection for antibiotic resistance among bacteria exposed to heavy metals, particularly copper and zinc, used as growth …             Erratum: Membrane-proximal TRAIL species are incapable of inducing short circuit apoptosis signaling: Implications for drug development and basic cytokine biology ▶     Katharina Tatzel, Lindsay Kuroki, Igor Dmitriev et al.                 The G protein-coupled receptor GPR157 regulates neuronal differentiation of radial glial progenitors through the Gq-IP3 pathway ▶     Yutaka Takeo, Nobuhiro Kurabayashi, Minh Dang Nguyen et al.     The ability of radial glial progenitors (RGPs) to generate cortical neurons is determined by local extracellular factors and signaling pathways intrinsic to RGPs. Here we find …             Evolutionary Dynamics of MERS-CoV: Potential Recombination, Positive Selection and Transmission ▶     Zhao Zhang, Libing Shen, Xun Gu     Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) belongs to beta group of coronavirus and was first discovered in 2012. MERS-CoV can infect multiple host species and cause …             Pioglitazone Enhances the Beneficial Effects of Glucocorticoids in Experimental Nephrotic Syndrome ▶     S. Agrawal, M. A. Chanley, D. Westbrook et al.     Glucocorticoids are the primary therapy for nephrotic syndrome (NS), but have serious side effects and are ineffective in ~20–50% of patients. Thiazolidinediones have recently …             Modeling Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived-Cardiomyocytes ▶     Agnes Maillet, Kim Tan, Xiaoran Chai et al.     Doxorubicin is a highly efficacious anti-cancer drug but causes cardiotoxicity in many patients. The mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) remain incompletely …             Syndecan-4 modulates the proliferation of neural cells and the formation of CaP axons during zebrafish embryonic neurogenesis ▶     Ning Luo, Hongda Li, Bo Xiang et al.     Syndecan-4 (Syn4), a single-pass transmembrane heparin sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG), plays significant role in the formation of focal adhesions and interacts with many growth …             Whole Genome Re-Sequencing Identifies a Quantitative Trait Locus Repressing Carbon Reserve Accumulation during Optimal Growth in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ▶     Hugh Douglas Goold, Hoa Mai Nguyen, Fantao Kong et al.     Microalgae have emerged as a promising source for biofuel production. Massive oil and starch accumulation in microalgae is possible, but occurs mostly when biomass growth is …             Isolation and co-culture of rat parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells to evaluate cellular interactions and response ▶     Shyam Sundhar Bale, Sharon Geerts, Rohit Jindal et al.     The liver is a central organ in the human body, and first line of defense between host and external environment. Liver response to any external perturbation is a collective …             Changes in variation at the MHC class II DQA locus during the final demise of the woolly mammoth ▶     Patrícia Pečnerová, David Díez-del-Molino, Sergey Vartanyan et al.     According to the nearly-neutral theory of evolution, the relative strengths of selection and drift shift in favour of drift at small population sizes. Numerous studies have …             CPEB1 restrains proliferation of Glioblastoma cells through the regulation of p27Kip1 mRNA translation ▶     Silvia Galardi, Massimo Petretich, Guillaume Pinna et al.     The cytoplasmic element binding protein 1 (CPEB1) regulates many important biological processes ranging from cell cycle control to learning and memory formation, by controlling …             Oxytocin Protects against Stress-Induced Cell Death in Murine Pancreatic β-Cells ▶     Sayaka Watanabe, Fan-Yan Wei, Tomomi Matsunaga et al.     Oxytocin (Oxt) is a key neuropeptide that regulates maternal behaviors as well as social behaviors in mammals. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that the impairment of Oxt …             Using Drosophila as an integrated model to study mild repetitive traumatic brain injury ▶     Ayeh Barekat, Arysa Gonzalez, Ruth E. Mauntz et al.     Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, there has been a growing appreciation that even repetitive, milder forms of TBI …             Melanosomes in pigmented epithelia maintain eye lens transparency during zebrafish embryonic development ▶     Masanari Takamiya, Feng Xu, Heikki Suhonen et al.     Altered levels of trace elements are associated with increased oxidative stress that is eventually responsible for pathologic conditions. Oxidative stress has been proposed to be …             Unimodal and cross-modal prediction is enhanced in musicians ▶     Eliana Vassena, Katty Kochman, Julie Latomme et al.     Musical training involves exposure to complex auditory and visual stimuli, memorization of elaborate sequences, and extensive motor rehearsal. It has been hypothesized that such …             Development of Persister-FACSeq: a method to massively parallelize quantification of persister physiology and its heterogeneity ▶     Theresa C. Henry, Mark P. Brynildsen     Bacterial persisters are thought to underlie the relapse of chronic infections. Knowledge of persister physiology would illuminate avenues for therapeutic intervention; however, …             Spatiotemporal profile of Map2 and microglial changes in the hippocampal CA1 region following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus ▶     Nicole D. Schartz, Seth A. Herr, Lauren Madsen et al.     Status epilepticus (SE) triggers pathological changes to hippocampal dendrites that may promote epileptogenesis. The microtubule associated protein 2 (Map2) helps stabilize …             Nanoparticle suspensions enclosed in methylcellulose: a new approach for quantifying nanoparticles in transmission electron microscopy ▶     Christian Hacker, Jalal Asadi, Christos Pliotas et al.     Nanoparticles are of increasing importance in biomedicine but quantification is problematic because current methods depend on indirect measurements at low resolution. Here we …             Neuroprotective effects of the anticancer drug NVP-BEZ235 (dactolisib) on amyloid-β 1–42 induced neurotoxicity and memory impairment ▶     Paula Maria Quaglio Bellozi, Isabel Vieira de Assis Lima, Juliana Guimarães Dória et al.     Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the main cause of dementia. Substantial evidences indicate that there is over-activation of the …             Cross-tissue Analysis of Gene and Protein Expression in Normal and Cancer Tissues ▶     Idit Kosti, Nishant Jain, Dvir Aran et al.     The central dogma of molecular biology describes the translation of genetic information from mRNA to protein, but does not specify the quantitation or timing of this process …             Novel Coronin7 interactions with Cdc42 and N-WASP regulate actin organization and Golgi morphology ▶     Kurchi Bhattacharya, Karthic Swaminathan, Vivek S. Peche et al.     The contribution of the actin cytoskeleton to the unique architecture of the Golgi complex is manifold. An important player in this process is Coronin7 (CRN7), a Golgi-resident …             A pseudouridylation switch in rRNA is implicated in ribosome function during the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei ▶     Vaibhav Chikne, Tirza Doniger, K. Shanmugha Rajan et al.     The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, which causes devastating diseases in humans and animals in sub-Saharan Africa, undergoes a complex life cycle between the mammalian …             Exposure to Melan-A/MART-126-35 tumor epitope specific CD8+T cells reveals immune escape by affecting the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) ▶     Frédéric Ebstein, Martin Keller, Annette Paschen et al.     Efficient processing of target antigens by the ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS) is essential for treatment of cancers by T cell therapies. However, immune escape due to altered …             Platelet lysate gel and endothelial progenitors stimulate microvascular network formation in vitro: tissue engineering implications ▶     Tiago M. Fortunato, Cristina Beltrami, Costanza Emanueli et al.     Revascularisation is a key step for tissue regeneration and complete organ engineering. We describe the generation of human platelet lysate gel (hPLG), an extracellular matrix …             Functional differences in hepatitis C virus nonstructural (NS) 3/4A- and 5A-specific T cell responses ▶     Fredrik Holmström, Margaret Chen, Anangi Balasiddaiah et al.     The hepatitis C virus nonstructural (NS) 3/4A and NS5A proteins are major targets for the new direct-acting antiviral compounds. Both viral proteins have been suggested as …             Raffinose, a plant galactoside, inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation via binding to LecA and decreasing cellular cyclic diguanylate levels ▶     Han-Shin Kim, Eunji Cha, YunHye Kim et al.     Biofilm formation on biotic or abiotic surfaces has unwanted consequences in medical, clinical, and industrial settings. Treatments with antibiotics or biocides are often …             Disrupted progression of the intestinal microbiota with age in children with cystic fibrosis ▶     Shaun Nielsen, Bronwen Needham, Steven T. Leach et al.     Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that leads to formation of thick epithelial secretions in affected organs. Chronic microbial infections associated with thick mucus …             Combination of ESI and MALDI mass spectrometry for qualitative, semi-quantitative and in situ analysis of gangliosides in brain ▶     Yangyang Zhang, Jun Wang, Jian’an Liu et al.     Gangliosides are a family of complex lipids that are abundant in the brain. There is no doubt the investigations about the distribution of gangliosides in brian and the …             Self-assembly of MPG1, a hydrophobin protein from the rice blast fungus that forms functional amyloid coatings, occurs by a surface-driven mechanism ▶     Chi L. L. Pham, Anthony Rey, Victor Lo et al.     Rice blast is a devastating disease of rice caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and can result in loss of a third of the annual global rice harvest. Two hydrophobin proteins, …             High rate of drug resistance among tuberculous meningitis cases in Shaanxi province, China ▶     Ting Wang, Guo-Dong Feng, Yu Pang et al.     The clinical and mycobacterial features of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) cases in China are not well described; especially in western provinces with poor tuberculosis control. We …             Matrix stiffness promotes cartilage endplate chondrocyte calcification in disc degeneration via miR-20a targeting ANKH expression ▶     Ming-Han Liu, Chao Sun, Yuan Yao et al.     The mechanical environment is crucial for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of cartilage endplate (CEP) calcification by …             Molecular targets of Chinese herbs: a clinical study of hepatoma based on network pharmacology ▶     Li Gao, Xiao-dong Wang, Yang-yang Niu et al.     Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat tumors for years and has been demonstrated to be effective. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of herbs remain …             MiR-125b regulates endometrial receptivity by targeting MMP26 in women undergoing IVF-ET with elevated progesterone on HCG priming day ▶     Cheng Chen, Yue Zhao, Yang Yu et al.     On the women undergoing IVF-ET with elevated progesterone on human chorionic gonadotrophin priming, the assisted reproductive technology outcome is poor. But, due to the unknown …             A meta-analytical assessment of STK39 three well-defined polymorphisms in susceptibility to hypertension ▶     Hualing Yang, Lingyang Ye, Qingxiang Wang et al.     Serine/threonine kinase 39 gene (STK39) is one of the promising hypertension-susceptibility genes identified by a genome-wide association study in 2009, whereas subsequent …             Development of Quantitative Real-time PCR Assays for Different Clades of “Candidatus Accumulibacter” ▶     An Ni Zhang, Yanping Mao, Tong Zhang     We designed novel quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers for the polyphosphate kinase 1 (ppk1) gene, targeting eight individual “Candidatus …             Inhibition of DNA Methylation Suppresses Intestinal Tumor Organoids by Inducing an Anti-Viral Response ▶     Yoshimasa Saito, Toshiaki Nakaoka, Kasumi Sakai et al.     Recent studies have proposed that the major anti-tumor effect of DNA methylation inhibitors is induction of interferon-responsive genes via dsRNAs-containing endogenous …             Tissue factor is induced by interleukin-33 in human endothelial cells: a new link between coagulation and inflammation ▶     Stefan Stojkovic, Christoph Kaun, Jose Basilio et al.     Tissue factor (TF) is the primary trigger of coagulation. Elevated levels of TF are found in atherosclerotic plaques, and TF leads to thrombus formation when released upon plaque …             Gold@silver bimetal nanoparticles/pyramidal silicon 3D substrate with high reproducibility for high-performance SERS ▶     Chao Zhang, Shou Zhen Jiang, Cheng Yang et al.     A novel and efficient surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate has been presented based on Gold@silver/pyramidal silicon 3D substrate (Au@Ag/3D-Si). By combining the …             Magnetically guided central nervous system delivery and toxicity evaluation of magneto-electric nanocarriers ▶     Ajeet Kaushik, Rahul D. Jayant, Roozbeh Nikkhah-Moshaie et al.     Least component-based delivery of drug-tagged-nanocarriers across blood-brain-barriers (BBB) will allow site-specific and on-demand release of therapeutics to prevent CNS …             Microgravity Induction of TRAIL Expression in Preosteoclast Cells Enhances Osteoclast Differentiation ▶     Yuvaraj Sambandam, Kelsey L. Baird, Maxwell Stroebel et al.     Evidence indicates that astronauts experience significant bone loss in space. We previously showed that simulated microgravity (μXg) using the NASA developed rotary cell culture …             Vegetation dynamics at the upper elevational limit of vascular plants in Himalaya ▶     Jiri Dolezal, Miroslav Dvorsky, Martin Kopecky et al.     A rapid warming in Himalayas is predicted to increase plant upper distributional limits, vegetation cover and abundance of species adapted to warmer climate. We explored these …             Characterization of primary human hepatocyte spheroids as a model system for drug-induced liver injury, liver function and disease ▶     Catherine C. Bell, Delilah F. G. Hendriks, Sabrina M. L. Moro et al.     Liver biology and function, drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and liver diseases are difficult to study using current in vitro models such as primary human hepatocyte (PHH) …             Identification and manipulation of the pleuromutilin gene cluster from Clitopilus passeckerianus for increased rapid antibiotic production ▶     Andy M. Bailey, Fabrizio Alberti, Sreedhar Kilaru et al.     Semi-synthetic derivatives of the tricyclic diterpene antibiotic pleuromutilin from the basidiomycete Clitopilus passeckerianus are important in combatting bacterial infections …             Specific Cues Associated With Honey Bee Social Defence against Varroa destructor Infested Brood ▶     Fanny Mondet, Seo Hyun Kim, Joachim R. de Miranda et al.     Social immunity forms an essential part of the defence repertoire of social insects. In response to infestation by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and its associated …             ahg12 is a dominant proteasome mutant that affects multiple regulatory systems for germination of Arabidopsis ▶     Shimpei Hayashi, Takashi Hirayama     The ubiquitin-proteasome system is fundamentally involved in myriad biological phenomena of eukaryotes. In plants, this regulated protein degradation system has a pivotal role in …             New Hosts of The Lassa Virus ▶     Ayodeji Olayemi, Daniel Cadar, N’Faly Magassouba et al.     Lassa virus (LASV) causes a deadly haemorrhagic fever in humans, killing several thousand people in West Africa annually. For 40 years, the Natal multimammate rat, Mastomys …             Contributions of historical and contemporary geographic and environmental factors to phylogeographic structure in a Tertiary relict species, Emmenopterys henryi (Rubiaceae) ▶     Yong-Hua Zhang, Ian J. Wang, Hans Peter Comes et al.     Examining how historical and contemporary geographic and environmental factors contribute to genetic divergence at different evolutionary scales is a central yet largely …             Evaluation of the diagnostic value of 64 simultaneously measured autoantibodies for early detection of gastric cancer ▶     Simone Werner, Hongda Chen, Julia Butt et al.     Autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been suggested as biomarkers for early detection of gastric cancer. However, studies that systematically assess the …             Sequencing proteins with transverse ionic transport in nanochannels ▶     Paul Boynton, Massimiliano Di Ventra     De novo protein sequencing is essential for understanding cellular processes that govern the function of living organisms and all sequence modifications that occur after a …             Charactering the ZFAND3 gene mapped in the sex-determining locus in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) ▶     Keyi Ma, Minghui Liao, Feng Liu et al.     Zinc finger AN1-type domain 3 (ZFAND3) is essential for spermatogenesis in mice. However, its function in teleosts remains unclear. In this study, we characterized the ZFAND3 …             Dynamic cutaneous information is sufficient for precise curvature discrimination ▶     Jacob R. Cheeseman, J. Farley Norman, Astrid M. L. Kappers     Our tactual perceptual experiences occur when we interact, actively and passively, with environmental objects and surfaces. Previous research has demonstrated that active manual …             Erratum: Mimicking titration experiments with MD simulations: A protocol for the investigation of pH-dependent effects on proteins ▶     Eileen Socher, Heinrich Sticht                 Brachypodium distachyon T-DNA insertion lines: a model pathosystem to study nonhost resistance to wheat stripe rust ▶     Tianyue An, Yanli Cai, Suzhen Zhao et al.     Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (PST), is one of the most destructive diseases and can cause severe yield losses in many regions of the world. …             Combined sodium ion sensitivity in agonist binding and internalization of vasopressin V1b receptors ▶     Taka-aki Koshimizu, Aki Kashiwazaki, Junichi Taniguchi     Reducing Na+ in the extracellular environment may lead to two beneficial effects for increasing agonist binding to cell surface G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): reduction of …             Induction of P-glycoprotein expression and activity by Aconitum alkaloids: Implication for clinical drug–drug interactions ▶     Jinjun Wu, Na Lin, Fangyuan Li et al.     The Aconitum species, which mainly contain bioactive Aconitum alkaloids, are frequently administered concomitantly with other herbal medicines or chemical drugs in clinics. The …             Molecular Imaging of Activated Platelets Allows the Detection of Pulmonary Embolism with Magnetic Resonance Imaging ▶     Timo Heidt, Simon Ehrismann, Jan-Bernd Hövener et al.     Early and reliable detection of pulmonary embolism (PE) is critical for improving patient morbidity and mortality. The desire for low-threshold screening for pulmonary embolism …             An effective colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe based FRET with a large Stokes shift for bisulfite ▶     Wen-Li Wu, Zhao-Yang Wang, Xi Dai et al.     Bisulfite plays crucial roles in diverse physiological processes. Therefore, the efficient detection of bisulfite is very important. In this study, we report a colorimetric and …             The antibodies against 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine specifically recognize trifluridine incorporated into DNA ▶     Hiroyuki Kitao, Yosuke Morodomi, Shinichiro Niimi et al.     Trifluridine (FTD) is a key component of the novel oral antitumor drug TAS-102 (also named TFTD), which consists of FTD and a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor. FTD is supposed …             Early life stress affects limited regional brain activity in depression ▶     Lian Du, Jingjie Wang, Ben Meng et al.     Early life stress (ELS) can alter brain function and increases the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) in later life. This study investigated whether ELS contributes to …             HpDTC1, a Stress-Inducible Bifunctional Diterpene Cyclase Involved in Momilactone Biosynthesis, Functions in Chemical Defence in the Moss Hypnum plumaeforme ▶     Kazunori Okada, Hiroshi Kawaide, Koji Miyamoto et al.     Momilactones, which are diterpenoid phytoalexins with antimicrobial and allelopathic functions, have been found only in rice and the moss Hypnum plumaeforme. Although these two …             Inhibiting DNA methylation switches adipogenesis to osteoblastogenesis by activating Wnt10a ▶     Yii-Shyuan Chen, Rui Wu, Xiaosong Yang et al.     Both adipocytes and osteoblasts share the mesodermal lineage that derives from mesenchymal stem cells. Most studies investigating the mechanisms underlying the regulation of …             Sex, offspring and carcass determine antimicrobial peptide expression in the burying beetle ▶     Chris G. C. Jacobs, Sandra Steiger, David G. Heckel et al.     The burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides has emerged as a model system for the investigation of adaptations that allow the utilization of carrion as a diet and as a resource …             The Association between Resting Functional Connectivity and Visual Creativity ▶     Wenfu Li, Junyi Yang, Qinglin Zhang et al.     Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC), the temporal correlation of intrinsic activation between different brain regions, has become one of the most fascinating field in …             Efficient generation of FVII gene knockout mice using CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease and truncated guided RNAs ▶     Liyou An, Yeshu Hu, Shiwei Chang et al.     We investigated the effects of 5′-end truncated CRISPR RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease (tru-RGN, 17/18 nucleotides) on genome editing capability in NIH/3T3 cells, and its efficiencies …             Global diversity in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor: revisiting a classic evolutionary PROPosal ▶     Davide S. Risso, Massimo Mezzavilla, Luca Pagani et al.     The ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) is a polymorphic trait mediated by the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor gene. It has long been …             pGlyco: a pipeline for the identification of intact N-glycopeptides by using HCD- and CID-MS/MS and MS3 ▶     Wen-Feng Zeng, Ming-Qi Liu, Yang Zhang et al.     Confident characterization of the microheterogeneity of protein glycosylation through identification of intact glycopeptides remains one of the toughest analytical challenges for …             Children’s altruistic behavior in context: The role of emotional responsiveness and culture ▶     Purva Rajhans, Nicole Altvater-Mackensen, Amrisha Vaish et al.     Altruistic behavior in humans is thought to have deep biological roots. Nonetheless, there is also evidence for considerable variation in altruistic behaviors among individuals …             Posing for a picture: vesicle immobilization in agarose gel ▶     Rafael B. Lira, Jan Steinkühler, Roland L. Knorr et al.     Taking a photo typically requires the object of interest to stand still. In science, imaging is potentiated by optical and electron microscopy. However, living and soft matter …             Protein crystal screening and characterization for serial femtosecond nanocrystallography ▶     Connie Darmanin, Jamie Strachan, Christopher G. Adda et al.     The recent development of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) has spurred the development of serial femtosecond nanocrystallography (SFX) which, for the first time, is enabling …             Association of CYP2C19 Polymorphisms with the Clinical Efficacy of Clopidogrel Therapy in Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Stenting in Asia ▶     Wen-Yao Zhu, Ting Zhao, Xiao-Yi Xiong et al.     The CYP2C19 gene plays a detrimental role in the metabolism of clopidogrel. This study aimed to investigate the association between CYP2C19 polymorphisms and the clinical …             Long-chain bases of sphingolipids are transported into cells via the acyl-CoA synthetases ▶     Tomomi Narita, Tatsuro Naganuma, Yurie Sase et al.     Transport of dietary lipids into small-intestinal epithelial cells is pathologically and nutritionally important. However, lipid uptake remains an almost unexplored research …             Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel link-bridge and B-Ring Modified Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) Analogues as Potent Antitubulin Agents ▶     Yong-Tao Duan, Ruo-Jun Man, Dan-Jie Tang et al.     A series of 12 novel acylhydrazone, chalcone and amide–bridged analogues of combretastatin A-4 were designed and synthesized toward tubulin. All these compounds were determined …             Contrasting global genetic patterns in two biologically similar, widespread and invasive Ciona species (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) ▶     Sarah Bouchemousse, John D. D. Bishop, Frédérique Viard     Human-mediated dispersal interplays with natural processes and complicates understanding of the biogeographical history of species. This is exemplified by two invasive tunicates, …             Epigenetically regulated miR-449a enhances hepatitis B virus replication by targeting cAMP-responsive element binding protein 5 and modulating hepatocytes phenotype ▶     Xiaoyong Zhang, Hongyan Liu, Zhanglian Xie et al.     Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are able to influence hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication directly by binding to HBV transcripts or indirectly by targeting cellular factors. Here, we …             The Complex QT/RR Relationship in Mice ▶     Julien Roussel, Pascal Champeroux, Jérôme Roy et al.     The QT interval reflects the time between the depolarization of ventricles until their repolarization and is usually used as a predictive marker for the occurrence of …             Species and Media Effects on Soil Carbon Dynamics in the Landscape ▶     S. Christopher Marble, Stephen A. Prior, G. Brett Runion et al.     Three woody shrub species [cleyera (Ternstroemia gymnanthera Thunb. ‘Conthery’), Indian hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis indica L.) and loropetalum (Loropetalum chinensis Oliv.‘Ruby’)] …             Expression levels of ROS1/ALK/c-MET and therapeutic efficacy of cetuximab plus chemotherapy in advanced biliary tract cancer ▶     Nai-Jung Chiang, Chiun Hsu, Jen-Shi Chen et al.     Aberrant expression of ROS1, ALK or c-MET (RAM) is implicated in carcinogenesis and cancer drug resistance. We retrospectively evaluated the effect of RAM expression on outcomes …             In vivo 3D measurement of moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin distributions in the mouse cornea using multiphoton microscopy ▶     Seunghun Lee, Jun Ho Lee, Jin Hyoung Park et al.     Moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin are fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotics used in the clinic to prevent or treat ocular infections. Their pharmacokinetics in the cornea is …             A novel assay for screening inhibitors targeting HIV-1 integrase dimerization based on Ni-NTA magnetic agarose beads ▶     Dawei Zhang, Hongqiu He, Mengmeng Liu et al.     Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 integrase (IN), which mediates integration of viral cDNA into the cellular chromosome, is a validated antiviral drug target. Three IN …             Resveratrol Inhibition of Rac1-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species by AMPK Decreases Blood Pressure in a Fructose-Induced Rat Model of Hypertension ▶     Pei-Wen Cheng, Hui-Chieh Lee, Pei-Jung Lu et al.     Recent studies have reported that the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) suppressed oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to examine whether the activation …             Elucidation of molecular and functional heterogeneity through differential expression network analyses of discrete tumor subsets ▶     Rutika R. Naik, Nilesh L. Gardi, Sharmila A. Bapat     Intratumor heterogeneity presents a major hurdle in cancer therapy. Most current research studies consider tumors as single entities and overlook molecular diversity between …             A gain-of-function ACTC1 3′UTR mutation that introduces a miR-139-5p target site may be associated with a dominant familial atrial septal defect ▶     Ye Wang, Xinwei Du, Zaiwei Zhou et al.     The ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASDII) is the most common type of congenital heart disease and is characterized by a left to right shunting of oxygenated blood caused …             Enzymatically Regulated Peptide Pairing and Catalysis for the Bioanalysis of Extracellular Prometastatic Activities of Functionally Linked Enzymes ▶     Hao Li, Yue Huang, Yue Yu et al.     Diseases such as cancer arise from systematical reconfiguration of interactions of exceedingly large numbers of proteins in cell signaling. The study of such complicated …             CSN6, a subunit of the COP9 signalosome, is involved in early response to iron deficiency in Oryza sativa ▶     Song Tan, Fang Liu, Xiao-Xi Pan et al.     The COP9 signalosome (CSN) plays an important role in proteasome-mediated degradation by regulating CUL1 rubylation of the SCF ligase and is involved in many crucial biological …             The arachidonic acid metabolite 11β-ProstaglandinF2α controls intestinal epithelial healing: deficiency in patients with Crohn’s disease ▶     Sabrina Coquenlorge, Laurianne Van Landeghem, Julie Jaulin et al.     In healthy gut enteric glial cells (EGC) are essential to intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) functions. 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