Nature Structural & Molecular Biology Contents: 2016 Volume #23 pp 187-263

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Advertisement This special Focus highlights the unprecedented insights gained into the regulatory mechanisms underlying nuclear reprogramming, pluripotency and cell identity, and looks at the progress and challenges in using embryonic stem (ES) cells and iPSCs for therapeutic applications. Available free online.  Produced with support from: Thermo Fisher Scientific   TABLE OF CONTENTS March 2016 Volume 23, Issue 3 News and Views Articles Advertisement nature.com webcasts Join us for our upcoming webcast with live Q&A:  COMBATING ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE Presented by BioPharma Dealmakers Date: Wednesday, March 9, 2016 Time: 8AM PST, 11AM EST, 4PM GMT, 5PM CET  REGISTER FOR FREE: Sponsored by: Antabio, Cempra, Helperby, Motif Bio, Polyphor Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Nature Outlook Genome Editing The term genetic engineering has been around since the 1970s, but it is only in the past few years that researchers have developed the tools to allow them to engineer the genome with the precision that they had originally envisaged.  This Nature Outlook looks at the risks and benefits of genome editing. Available free online. Produced with support from: KISCO LTD. in association with EditForce Inc.       Advertisement Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), including thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, are used to treat multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome and leprosy complications. Access this Collection free online exploring IMiDs' mechanisms of action. Produced with support from: Celgene Corporation.     News and Views Top Elevating the alternating-access model   pp187 - 189 Renae M Ryan and Robert J Vandenberg doi:10.1038/nsmb.3179 50 years ago, Jardetzky proposed the alternating-access model, which has shaped the theoretical understanding of how substrates are carried across cell membranes. Two studies now demonstrate that transporters from distinct families undergo unexpectedly large elevator-like movements and also suggest that an 'elevate and twist' mechanism is a common means of achieving alternating access across the membrane. See also: Article by Coincon et al. | Article by Mulligan et al. A new communication hub in the RNA world   pp189 - 190 Megan Mayerle and Christine Guthrie doi:10.1038/nsmb.3178 During assembly of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the RNA-binding protein (RBP) Gemin5 recognizes the snRNP code and interacts with the large Gemin2-SMN complex. So et al. now find that Gemin2 also interacts with U1-70K, thereby conferring a preferential advantage on U1 snRNP assembly, and they extrapolate that SMN-Gemin2 serves a general ribonucleoprotein-exchange function. See also: Article by So et al. Using T cells to detect noncanonical translation   p191 Katrina Woolcock doi:10.1038/nsmb0316-191 Structural & Molecular Biology JOBS of the week Research Fellow Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) More Science jobs from Articles Top Structure of the BAM complex and its implications for biogenesis of outer-membrane proteins   pp192 - 196 Long Han, Jiangge Zheng, Yan Wang, Xu Yang, Yanqing Liu, Chuanqi Sun, Baohua Cao, Haizhen Zhou, Dongchun Ni, Jizhong Lou, Yongfang Zhao & Yihua Huang doi:10.1038/nsmb.3181 The crystal structure of the full five-subunit BAM complex from Escherichia coli reveals the interactions between individual components and domains and provides insights into the biogenesis of β-barrel outer-membrane proteins. Domain-swap polymerization drives the self-assembly of the bacterial flagellar motor   pp197 - 203 Matthew A B Baker, Robert M G Hynson, Lorraine A Ganuelas, Nasim Shah Mohammadi, Chu Wai Liew, Anthony A Rey, Anthony P Duff, Andrew E Whitten, Cy M Jeffries, Nicolas J Delalez, Yusuke V Morimoto, Daniela Stock, Judith P Armitage, Andrew J Turberfield, Keiichi Namba, Richard M Berry & Lawrence K Lee doi:10.1038/nsmb.3172 A combination of evolutionary covariance, biochemistry and SAXS analyses reveal that Escherichia coli FliG exists as a monomer in solution but forms domain-swapped polymers in assembled flagellar motors, thus leading to a thermodynamic model for self-assembly. CENP-C directs a structural transition of CENP-A nucleosomes mainly through sliding of DNA gyres   pp204 - 208 Samantha J Falk, Jaehyoun Lee, Nikolina Sekulic, Michael A Sennett, Tae-Hee Lee, Lee & Ben E Black doi:10.1038/nsmb.3175 Single-molecule FRET data reveal that CENP-A alters nucleosome structure by facilitating lateral passing of the two DNA gyres; this change is reversed by the nonhistone centromere protein CENP-C. A new MCM modification cycle regulates DNA replication initiation   pp209 - 216 Lei Wei and Xiaolan Zhao doi:10.1038/nsmb.3173 Complementary biochemical and genetic analyses reveal that SUMOylation of the six subunits of the MCM2-7 DNA helicase inhibits CMG formation, thereby negatively regulating DNA replication initiation in budding yeast. Structure of the eukaryotic replicative CMG helicase suggests a pumpjack motion for translocation   pp217 - 224 Zuanning Yuan, Lin Bai, Jingchuan Sun, Roxana Georgescu, Jun Liu, Michael E O'Donnell & Huilin Li doi:10.1038/nsmb.3170 A 3.7- to 4.8-A cryo-EM structure of the yeast CMG complex resolves two Mcm2-7 helicase conformations that may drive complex translocation and reveals an Mcm5-subunit domain inserted into the central channel, thus supporting a steric-exclusion model of DNA unwinding. A U1 snRNP-specific assembly pathway reveals the SMN complex as a versatile hub for RNP exchange   pp225 - 230 Byung Ran So, Lili Wan, Zhenxi Zhang, Pilong Li, Eric Babiash, Jingqi Duan, Ihab Younis & Gideon Dreyfuss doi:10.1038/nsmb.3167 The higher abundance of U1 among snRNPs is explained by the identification of an additional mode of assembly: RBP U1-70K bridges pre-U1 to SMN-Gemin2-Sm, thus establishing a Gemin5-independent assembly pathway. See also: News and Views by Mayerle & Guthrie 7SK-BAF axis controls pervasive transcription at enhancers   pp231 - 238 Ryan A Flynn, Brian T Do, Adam J Rubin, Eliezer Calo, Byron Lee, Hannes Kuchelmeister, Michael Rale, Ci Chu, Eric T Kool, Joanna Wysocka, Paul A Khavari & Howard Y Chang doi:10.1038/nsmb.3176 In addition to controlling Pol II pausing at promoters, the small nuclear RNA 7SK inhibits transcription at enhancers and super enhancers by recruiting the chromatin-remodeling complex BAF Super-resolution 3D tomography of interactions and competition in the nuclear pore complex   pp239 - 247 Jiong Ma, Alexander Goryaynov and Weidong Yang doi:10.1038/nsmb.3174 Mapping the spatial distribution of interaction sites between FG nucleoporins and nuclear transport receptors within the native NPC through SPEED microscopy reveals the 3D configuration of the FG-nucleoporin barrier and competition among transport receptors. Crystal structures reveal the molecular basis of ion translocation in sodium/proton antiporters   pp248 - 255 Mathieu Coincon, Povilas Uzdavinys, Emmanuel Nji, David L Dotson, Iven Winkelmann, Saba Abdul-Hussein, Alexander D Cameron, Oliver Beckstein & David Drew doi:10.1038/nsmb.3164 New crystal structures of the NapA antiporter in both outward- and inward-facing conformations provide evidence for an elevator-like ion-translocation mechanism in sodium/proton exchangers. See also: News and Views by Ryan & Vandenberg The bacterial dicarboxylate transporter VcINDY uses a two-domain elevator-type mechanism   pp256 - 263 Christopher Mulligan, Cristina Fenollar-Ferrer, Gabriel A Fitzgerald, Ariela Vergara-Jaque, Desirée Kaufmann, Yan Li, Lucy R Forrest & Joseph A Mindell doi:10.1038/nsmb.3166 'Repeat swap' modeling of the outward-facing conformation and biochemical analyses show that the bacterial VcINDY symporter uses an elevator-type mechanism for substrate transport across the cell membrane. See also: News and Views by Ryan & Vandenberg Top Advertisement The Geoffrey Beene Cancer Research Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Nature, Nature Cell Biology and Nature Reviews Cancer present: CANCER AS AN EVOLVING AND SYSTEMIC DISEASE March 12-15, 2016 | New York, NY, USA REGISTER NOW!   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. 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