| | Neurodevelopment: Regeneration switch is a gas
Nitric oxide gas has now been found to act as a switch during developmental remodelling of axonal projections from neurons: high gas levels promote the degeneration of unwanted axons and low levels support subsequent regrowth. | Failure of RQC machinery causes protein aggregation and proteotoxic stress
Defects in the ribosome quality control (RQC) complex, which clears proteins that stalled during translation, can cause neurodegeneration; here it is shown that in RQC-defective cells a peptide tail added by the RQC subunit 2 to stalled polypeptides promotes their aggregation and the sequestration of chaperones in these aggregates, affecting normal protein quality control processes. | A hippocampal network for spatial coding during immobility and sleep
In the mammalian navigational system, neurons have been identified in the CA2 region of the hippocampus that keep track of position when an animal is not moving. | Vast assembly of vocal marine mammals from diverse species on fish spawning ground
Vocalizations were recorded for over eight distinct whale species as they converged on a shoal of herring to feed; the predators divided the shoal into overlapping but species-specific foraging sectors and the activities of the whales changed between day and night. | NAFLD causes selective CD4+ T lymphocyte loss and promotes hepatocarcinogenesis
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is shown to promote hepatocellular carcinoma through the generation of linoleic acid, disruption of mitochondrial function and selective loss of CD4+ T cells, leading to impaired anti-tumour immunity. | MARCKS-like protein is an initiating molecule in axolotl appendage regeneration
The salamander, or axolotl, is well known to be able to regenerate missing body parts, but the signals that drive the initial proliferative response were unclear; now, a secreted protein has been identified that induces the initial cell cycle response after injury. | Positron annihilation signatures associated with the outburst of the microquasar V404 Cygni
Observations of γ-ray emission from the microquasar V404 Cygni during a recent period of strong flaring activity show spectral features at around 511 kiloelectronvolts, which are clear signatures of variable positron annihilation, implying a high rate of positron production. | MIMIVIRE is a defence system in mimivirus that confers resistance to virophage
MIMIVIRE is a novel nucleic-acid-based immune system against virophage infection in the giant virus mimivirus. | A repeating fast radio burst
Observations of repeated fast radio bursts, having dispersion measures and sky positions consistent with those of FRB 121102, show that the signals do not originate in a single cataclysmic event and may come from a young, highly magnetized, extragalactic neutron star. | Late Tharsis formation and implications for early Mars
By calculating the rotational figure of Mars and its surface topography before the Tharsis volcanic region caused true polar wander, it is shown that Tharsis formed during the Noachian and Hesperian periods at about the same time as the valley networks; early Mars climate simulations suggest icy precipitation in a latitudinal band in the southern hemisphere. | Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys
The discovery is reported of a small molecule drug, GS-5734, which has antiviral activity against Ebola virus and other filoviruses, and is capable of providing post-exposure therapeutic protection against lethal disease in 100% of drug-treated nonhuman primates infected with Ebola virus; the drug targets viral RNA polymerase and can distribute to sanctuary sites (such as testes, eyes and brain), suggesting that it may be able to clear persistent virus infection. | | Corrigendum: Observation of polar vortices in oxide superlattices | | | | Finding a western blotting antibody that works no longer requires trial and error - PrecisionAb™ Western Blotting Antibodies are validated using the industry's most stringent validation protocol and guaranteed to work in every lab.
Explore PrecisionAb Antibodies | | | | | | | | | | | Genomic analyses identify molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer
An integrated genomic analysis of 456 human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas identifies four subtypes defined by transcriptional expression profiles and show that these are associated with distinct histopathological characteristics and differential prognosis.
Peter Bailey, David K. Chang, Katia Nones et al. | High-fat diet enhances stemness and tumorigenicity of intestinal progenitors
A high-fat diet increases the number of intestinal stem cells in mammals, both in vivo and in intestinal organoids; a pathway that involves PPAR-δ confers organoid-initiating capacity to non-stem cells and induces them to form in vivo tumours after loss of the Apc tumour suppressor.
Semir Beyaz, Miyeko D. Mana, Jatin Roper et al. | Priming and polymerization of a bacterial contractile tail structure
A combination of X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, functional assays and time-lapse fluorescence microscopy shows that a protein of previously unknown function, TssA, forms a dodecameric complex that interacts with components of the tube and sheath of the type VI secretion system of bacteria, and that it primes and coordinates biogenesis of both the tail tube and the sheath.
Abdelrahim Zoued, Eric Durand, Yannick R. Brunet et al. | Structural basis of outer membrane protein insertion by the BAM complex
Two crystal structures of the Escherichia coli β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM complex) are presented, one of which includes all five subunits (BamA–BamE), in two distinct conformational states; together with functional assays and molecular dynamics stimulations, these structures help to generate a model for outer membrane protein insertion.
Yinghong Gu, Huanyu Li, Haohao Dong et al. | | A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 1017–1017.5 electronvolts from radio observations
High-resolution radio measurements of air showers—cascades of secondary particles in the atmosphere initiated by cosmic rays—reveal that cosmic rays with energies of 1017–1017.5 electronvolts have a mixed composition, with light elements (protons and helium nuclei) making up 80 per cent of their mass.
S. Buitink, A. Corstanje, H. Falcke et al. | Controlling spin relaxation with a cavity
By coupling donor spins in silicon to a superconducting microwave cavity and tuning the spins to the cavity resonance, the rate of spin relaxation is increased by three orders of magnitude compared to that of detuned spins; in such a regime, spontaneous emission of radiation is the dominant mechanism of spin relaxation.
A. Bienfait, J. J. Pla, Y. Kubo et al. | Condensation on slippery asymmetric bumps
A surface engineering approach is described that is inspired by the water-condensation capability of the bumps on desert beetles, the droplet transportation facilitated by cactus spines and the slippery coating of the pitcher plant, to produce a structure with many water-harvesting applications.
Kyoo-Chul Park, Philseok Kim, Alison Grinthal et al. | Stable amorphous georgeite as a precursor to a high-activity catalyst
Hydroxycarbonate minerals such as zincian malachite and aurichalcite are well known precursors to catalysts for methanol-synthesis and low-temperature water–gas shift reactions; here, a supercritical antisolvent method is used to prepare highly stable georgeite—a hydroxycarbonate mineral that has hitherto been ignored because of its rarity, but which is found to be a superior catalyst precursor.
Simon A. Kondrat, Paul J. Smith, Peter P. Wells et al. | Electrostatic catalysis of a Diels–Alder reaction
Theory suggests that many chemical reactions (not simply, as is often thought, redox reactions) might be catalysed by an applied electric field; experimental evidence for this is now provided from single-molecule studies of the formation of carbon–carbon bonds in a Diels–Alder reaction.
Albert C. Aragonès, Naomi L. Haworth, Nadim Darwish et al. | Upper-plate controls on co-seismic slip in the 2011 magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-oki earthquake
Residual topography and gravity anomalies reveal a tectonic boundary in northeast Japan, which is proposed to represent the offshore continuation of the Median Tectonic Line; the contrast in frictional properties across this structure may control earthquake behaviour there, as recently demonstrated by the giant 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake.
Dan Bassett, David T. Sandwell, Yuri Fialko et al. | Evidence from cyclostomes for complex regionalization of the ancestral vertebrate brain
The brain of the hagfish, a cyclostome related to the lamprey, develops domains equivalent to the median ganglionic eminence and the rhombic lip, resembling the brains of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates), suggesting that brain regionalization in jawed vertebrates occurred before the divergence of cyclostomes and gnathostomes more than 500 million years ago.
Fumiaki Sugahara, Juan Pascual-Anaya, Yasuhiro Oisi et al. | Late acquisition of mitochondria by a host with chimaeric prokaryotic ancestry
Evidence that among the eukaryotic ancestor genes, those derived from the proto-mitochondrion have the closest evolutionary distances to their bacterial relatives.
Alexandros A. Pittis, Toni Gabaldón | Deriving human ENS lineages for cell therapy and drug discovery in Hirschsprung disease
A differentiation protocol to obtain enteric nervous system (ENS) progenitors and a range of neurons from human pluripotent stem cells is developed; the cells can migrate and graft to the colon of a chick embryo and an adult mouse colon, including in a mouse model of Hirschsprung disease, in which a functional rescue is observed.
Faranak Fattahi, Julius A Steinbeck, Sonja Kriks et al. | Mutant Kras copy number defines metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic susceptibilities
Mutant Kras lung tumours are not a single disease but comprise two classes of tumours with distinct metabolic profiles, prognosis and therapeutic susceptibility, which can be discriminated by their relative mutant Kras allelic content.
Emma M. Kerr, Edoardo Gaude, Frances K. Turrell et al. | Cryo-electron microscopy structure of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein trimer
The high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of a pre-fusion coronavirus spike trimer from mouse hepatitis virus is presented; the structure reveals architectural similarities to paramyxovirus F proteins, suggesting that these fusion proteins may have evolved from a distant common ancestor.
Alexandra C. Walls, M. Alejandra Tortorici, Berend-Jan Bosch et al. | Pre-fusion structure of a human coronavirus spike protein
A 4.0 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the pre-fusion form of the trimeric spike from the human coronavirus HKU1 provides insight into how the spike protein mediates host-cell attachment and membrane fusion.
Robert N. Kirchdoerfer, Christopher A. Cottrell, Nianshuang Wang et al. | Crystal structure of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B
The crystal structure of Schizosaccharomyces pombe guanine nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B, providing a structural framework for the eIF2B-mediated mechanism of stress-induced translational control.
Kazuhiro Kashiwagi, Mari Takahashi, Madoka Nishimoto et al. | | | | |
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