| | Ancient gene flow from early modern humans into Eastern Neanderthals
It is known that there was gene flow from Neanderthals to modern humans around 50,000 years ago; now, analysis of a Neanderthal genome from the Altai Mountains in Siberia reveals evidence of gene flow 100,000 years ago in the other direction—from early modern humans to Neanderthals. | Structural basis for activity regulation of MLL family methyltransferases
Crystal structures of the SET domains of MLL3 and a mutant MLL1 either unbound or complexed with domains from RBBP5 and ASH2L are determined; a combination of structural, biochemical and computational analyses reveals a two-step activation mechanism of MLL family proteins, which may be relevant for other histone methyltransferases. | Expanding antigen-specific regulatory networks to treat autoimmunity
Nanoparticles coated with autoantigenic peptides bound to MHC class II molecules suppress established autoimmune disease by inducing antigen-specific TR1-like regulatory T cells in mouse and humanized mouse models. | Evidence from cyclostomes for complex regionalization of the ancestral vertebrate brain
The brain of the hagfish, a cyclostome related to the lamprey, develops domains equivalent to the median ganglionic eminence and the rhombic lip, resembling the brains of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates), suggesting that brain regionalization in jawed vertebrates occurred before the divergence of cyclostomes and gnathostomes more than 500 million years ago. | Stable amorphous georgeite as a precursor to a high-activity catalyst
Hydroxycarbonate minerals such as zincian malachite and aurichalcite are well known precursors to catalysts for methanol-synthesis and low-temperature water–gas shift reactions; here, a supercritical antisolvent method is used to prepare highly stable georgeite—a hydroxycarbonate mineral that has hitherto been ignored because of its rarity, but which is found to be a superior catalyst precursor. | Controlling spin relaxation with a cavity
By coupling donor spins in silicon to a superconducting microwave cavity and tuning the spins to the cavity resonance, the rate of spin relaxation is increased by three orders of magnitude compared to that of detuned spins; in such a regime, spontaneous emission of radiation is the dominant mechanism of spin relaxation. | Palladium-catalysed transannular C–H functionalization of alicyclic amines
An approach to selectively manipulate the C–H bonds of alicyclic amines at sites remote to nitrogen is demonstrated by the synthesis of new derivatives of several bioactive molecules, including varenicline, a drug used to treat nicotine addiction. | Inhibiting fungal multidrug resistance by disrupting an activator–Mediator interaction
A small molecule, inhibitor of a protein–protein interaction between the transcription factor Pdr1 and the Med15 subunit of Mediator in the fungal pathogen Candida glabrata, is identified and characterized here; the compound iKIX1 inhibits Pdr1-mediated gene activation and resensitizes drug-resistant C. glabrata to azole antifungals in vitro and in animal models of disseminated and urinary tract infection. | Epithelial tricellular junctions act as interphase cell shape sensors to orient mitosis
As fruitfly epithelial cells round up during mitosis, tricellular junctions serve as spatial landmarks, encoding information about interphase cell shape directionality to orient mitosis, and promoting geometric and mechanical sensing in epithelial tissues. | Adult restoration of Shank3 expression rescues selective autistic-like phenotypes
Re-expression of the Shank3 gene in adult mice results in improvements in synaptic protein composition and spine density in the striatum; Shank3 also rescues autism-like features such as social interaction and grooming behaviour, and the results suggest that aspects of autism spectrum disorders may be reversible in adulthood. | Tumour-specific proline vulnerability uncovered by differential ribosome codon reading
Tumours can require certain amino acids for their proliferation, and the diricore method described here helps to identify such restrictive amino acids; using this method in kidney cancer tissue and breast carcinoma cells, the authors observe an association between proline deficiency and upregulation of PYCR1, an enzyme required for proline synthesis. | Sensitivity of global terrestrial ecosystems to climate variability
Using satellite data and a novel analytical approach, a new index of the sensitivity of vegetation to climate variability is developed, revealing areas of high sensitivity that include tundra, boreal forest, tropical forest and temperate grasslands. | The mid-developmental transition and the evolution of animal body plans
Embryos in a particular phylum of the animal kingdom tend to most resemble one another at a stage in the middle of embryogenesis known as the phylotypic period; a transcriptional analysis of embryogenesis from single embryos of ten different phyla reveals that the transcripts expressed at the phylotypic stage (or mid-developmental transition) differ greatly between phyla, and a ‘phylum’ may be defined as a set of species sharing the same signals and transcription factor networks during the mid-developmental transition. | | | | 
The NYSCF - Robertson Investigator Awards
Awards in Stem Cell or Neuroscience, providing $1.5M over 5 years. Awards open to early career investigators who are working on high-risk, high-reward science exploring the translational potential of stem cells, or the fundamental areas of developmental, cellular, cognitive, and behavioral neuroscience. Learn more | | | | | | | | | | | Cryo-EM structure of the yeast U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP at 3.7 Å resolution
A 3.7 Å resolution structure for the yeast U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, a complex involved in splicing, allows a better appreciation of the architecture of the tri-snRNP, and offers new functional insights into the activation of the spliceosome and the assembly of the catalytic core.
Thi Hoang Duong Nguyen, Wojciech P. Galej, Xiao-chen Bai et al. | The peptidergic control circuit for sighing
The peptidergic neuronal circuit controlling sigh generation has been identified as ~200 Nmb- or Grp-expressing neurons in the RTN/pFRG breathing control centre of the medulla that project to ~200 receptor-expressing neurons in the respiratory rhythm generator, the preBötzinger Complex.
Peng Li, Wiktor A. Janczewski, Kevin Yackle et al. | | Super-catastrophic disruption of asteroids at small perihelion distances
By comparing asteroid detections and a near-Earth-object model the deficit of objects near the Sun is shown to arise from the breakup of most asteroids, especially low-albedo ones, at distances of a few tens of solar radii from the Sun.
Mikael Granvik, Alessandro Morbidelli, Robert Jedicke et al. | Universal resilience patterns in complex networks
An analytical framework is proposed for a complex network to accurately predict its dynamic resilience and unveil the network characteristics that can enhance or diminish resilience.
Jianxi Gao, Baruch Barzel, Albert-László Barabási | Non-classical correlations between single photons and phonons from a mechanical oscillator
Non-classically correlated pairs of single photons and phonons are generated and read out from a nanomechanical resonator, demonstrating that such resonators could be used for light–matter quantum interfaces.
Ralf Riedinger, Sungkun Hong, Richard A. Norte et al. | Uranium-mediated electrocatalytic dihydrogen production from water
Homogenous electrocatalytic water reduction with formation of dihydrogen is demonstrated with a trisaryloxide U(iii) complex, for which the catalytic cycle was elucidated and found to involve rare terminal U(iv)–OH and U(v)=O complexes.
Dominik P. Halter, Frank W. Heinemann, Julien Bachmann et al. | Moralistic gods, supernatural punishment and the expansion of human sociality
Using economic games, the authors examine the role of religion in the persistence of human cooperation; individuals who claim that their gods are moralizing, punitive and knowledgeable about human affairs are more likely to play fairly towards geographically distant co-religionists.
Benjamin Grant Purzycki, Coren Apicella, Quentin D. Atkinson et al. | Polygenic evolution of a sugar specialization trade-off in yeast
An evolutionary trade-off of unprecedented genetic complexity in the glucose/galactose utilization regulatory pathway across several long-diverged species of Saccharomyces.
Jeremy I. Roop, Kyu Chul Chang, Rachel B. Brem | Ice stream activity scaled to ice sheet volume during Laurentide Ice Sheet deglaciation
Reconstruction of the activity of ice streams operating during the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet reveals that the number of ice streams and their total discharge decreased as the total volume of the ice sheet decreased, suggesting that ice stream activity did not accelerate the collapse of the ice sheet.
C. R. Stokes, M. Margold, C. D. Clark et al. | The genome of the seagrass Zostera marina reveals angiosperm adaptation to the sea OPEN
Whole-genome sequencing of the seagrass Zostera, representing the first marine angiosperm genome to be fully sequenced, provides insight into the evolutionary changes associated with a transition to a marine environment in this angiosperm lineage.
Jeanine L. Olsen, Pierre Rouzé, Bram Verhelst et al. | Visualization of a short-range Wnt gradient in the intestinal stem-cell niche
Generation of an epitope-tagged, functional Wnt3 knock-in allele, the signal produced by Paneth cells to regulate intestinal stem cells.
Henner F. Farin, Ingrid Jordens, Mohammed H. Mosa et al. | The sexual identity of adult intestinal stem cells controls organ size and plasticity
Reversible, cell-intrinsic mechanisms that depend on a new sex differentiation pathway act in adult somatic cells of the Drosophila intestine to govern sex-specific differences in organ size, plasticity during reproduction, and response to tumorigenic insults.
Bruno Hudry, Sanjay Khadayate, Irene Miguel-Aliaga | Effector T-cell trafficking between the leptomeninges and the cerebrospinal fluid
By investigating trafficking of autoreactive T cells into the CSF during experimental autoimmune encephalitis, the authors find that T cells enter the CSF from the leptomeninges, and that commuting between the leptomeninges and the CSF is regulated by integrin adhesive forces triggered by T-cell activation and/or chemokines.
Christian Schläger, Henrike Körner, Martin Krueger et al. | NEK7 is an essential mediator of NLRP3 activation downstream of potassium efflux
NEK7, a member of the NIMA-related kinase family, is identified as a regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome oligomerization and activation; NEK7 functions downstream of potassium efflux in a manner that is independent of its kinase activity.
Yuan He, Melody Y. Zeng, Dahai Yang et al. | Cryo-EM reveals a novel octameric integrase structure for betaretroviral intasome function
An unexpected octameric integrase architecture for the betaretrovirus mouse mammary tumour virus intasome.
Allison Ballandras-Colas, Monica Brown, Nicola J. Cook et al. | Crystal structure of the Rous sarcoma virus intasome
A crystal structure of the octameric integrase from Rous sarcoma virus in complex with viral and target DNAs.
Zhiqi Yin, Ke Shi, Surajit Banerjee et al. | | | | |
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