Scientific Reports Biology Table of Contents e-alert: 26 January 2016

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26 January 2016      • Visit Scientific Reports • Submit your manuscript to Scientific Reports     Welcome to your Table of Contents e-alert for Scientific Reports       Biological Sciences               A small molecule inhibitor of tropomyosin dissociates actin binding from tropomyosin-directed regulation of actin dynamics ▶     Teresa T. Bonello, Miro Janco, Jeff Hook et al.     The tropomyosin family of proteins form end-to-end polymers along the actin filament. Tumour cells rely on specific tropomyosin-containing actin filament populations for growth …             Development and Symbiosis Establishment in the Cnidarian Endosymbiosis Model Aiptasia sp. ▶     Madeline Bucher, Iliona Wolfowicz, Philipp A. Voss et al.     Symbiosis between photosynthetic algae and heterotrophic organisms is widespread. One prominent example of high ecological relevance is the endosymbiosis between dinoflagellate …             Essential role of proteasomes in maintaining self-renewal in neural progenitor cells ▶     Yunhe Zhao, Xueqin Liu, Zebin He et al.     Protein turnover and homeostasis are regulated by the proteasomal system, which is critical for cell function and viability. Pluripotency of stem cells also relies on normal …             Structural Insights into the Quaternary Catalytic Mechanism of Hexameric Human Quinolinate Phosphoribosyltransferase, a Key Enzyme in de novo NAD Biosynthesis ▶     Hyung-Seop Youn, Tae Gyun Kim, Mun-Kyoung Kim et al.     Quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) catalyses the production of nicotinic acid mononucleotide, a precursor of de novo biosynthesis of the ubiquitous coenzyme …             Acute fluoxetine exposure alters crab anxiety-like behaviour, but not aggressiveness ▶     Trevor James Hamilton, Garfield T. Kwan, Joshua Gallup et al.     Aggression and responsiveness to noxious stimuli are adaptable traits that are ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom. Like vertebrate animals, some invertebrates have been …             Essential proteins and possible therapeutic targets of Wolbachia endosymbiont and development of FiloBase-a comprehensive drug target database for Lymphatic filariasis ▶     Om Prakash Sharma, Muthuvel Suresh Kumar     Lymphatic filariasis (Lf) is one of the oldest and most debilitating tropical diseases. Millions of people are suffering from this prevalent disease. It is estimated to infect …             Semantic interrogation of a multi knowledge domain ontological model of tendinopathy identifies four strong candidate risk genes ▶     Colleen J. Saunders, Mahjoubeh Jalali Sefid Dashti, Junaid Gamieldien     Tendinopathy is a multifactorial syndrome characterised by tendon pain and thickening, and impaired performance during activity. Candidate gene association studies have …             Global selection of Plasmodium falciparum virulence antigen expression by host antibodies ▶     Abdirahman I. Abdi, George M. Warimwe, Michelle K. Muthui et al.     Parasite proteins called PfEMP1 that are inserted on the surface of infected erythrocytes, play a key role in the severe pathology associated with infection by the Plasmodium …             Sexual Conspecific Aggressive Response (SCAR): A Model of Sexual Trauma that Disrupts Maternal Learning and Plasticity in the Female Brain ▶     Tracey J. Shors, Krishna Tobόn, Gina DiFeo et al.     Sexual aggression can disrupt processes related to learning as females emerge from puberty into young adulthood. To model these experiences in laboratory studies, we developed …             Insights into the venom composition and evolution of an endoparasitoid wasp by combining proteomic and transcriptomic analyses ▶     Zhichao Yan, Qi Fang, Lei Wang et al.     Parasitoid wasps are abundant and diverse hymenopteran insects that lay their eggs into the internal body (endoparasitoid) or on the external surface (ectoparasitoid) of their …             Population Connectivity Measures of Fishery-Targeted Coral Reef Species to Inform Marine Reserve Network Design in Fiji ▶     Erin K. Eastwood, Elora H. López, Joshua A. Drew     Coral reef fish serve as food sources to coastal communities worldwide, yet are vulnerable to mounting anthropogenic pressures like overfishing and climate change. Marine reserve …             Glucose restriction induces transient G2 cell cycle arrest extending cellular chronological lifespan ▶     Fumie Masuda, Mahiro Ishii, Ayaka Mori et al.     While glucose is the fundamental source of energy in most eukaryotes, it is not always abundantly available in natural environments, including within the human body. Eukaryotic …             Phylogeographic analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from Zhoushan Islands, China: implication for transmission across the ocean ▶     Yongfeng Fu, Shibo Li, Zhao Zhang et al.     From June 2011 to August 2014, 21 cases of infection by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV) were confirmed in Zhoushan Islands in the Eastern coast of …             The role of PD-L1 in the radiation response and clinical outcome for bladder cancer ▶     Chun-Te Wu, Wen-Cheng Chen, Ying-Hsu Chang et al.     Identification of potential factors that can stratify a tumor’s response to specific therapies will aid in the selection of cancer therapy. The aim was to highlight the role of …             Evaluation of children with ADHD on the Ball-Search Field Task ▶     Marcos F. Rosetti, Rosa E. Ulloa, Ilse L. Vargas-Vargas et al.     Searching, defined for the purpose of the present study as the displacement of an individual to locate resources, is a fundamental behavior of all mobile organisms. In humans …             Mutation-induced perturbation of the special pair P840 in the homodimeric reaction center in green sulfur bacteria ▶     Chihiro Azai, Yuko Sano, Yuki Kato et al.     Homodimeric photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) in green sulfur bacteria and heliobacteria are functional homologs of Photosystem (PS) I in oxygenic phototrophs. They show …             Proteomic response of methicillin-resistant S. aureus to a synergistic antibacterial drug combination: a novel erythromycin derivative and oxacillin ▶     Xiaofen Liu, Pei-Jin Pai, Weipeng Zhang et al.     The use of antibacterial drug combinations with synergistic effects is increasingly seen as a critical strategy to combat multi-drug resistant bacteria such as …             A new basal bird from China with implications for morphological diversity in early birds ▶     Min Wang, Xiaoli Wang, Yan Wang et al.     The Chinese Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group is the second oldest fossil bird-bearing deposit, only surpassed by Archaeopteryx from the German Upper Jurassic Solnhofen Limestones. …             The Regulation of Exosporium-Related Genes in Bacillus thuringiensis ▶     Qi Peng, Guiwei Kao, Ning Qu et al.     Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are spore-forming members of the Bacillus cereus group. Spores of B. cereus group species are encircled by …             Common SNP in hsa-miR-196a-2 increases hsa-miR-196a-5p expression and predisposes to idiopathic male infertility in Chinese Han population ▶     Jing Lu, Hao Gu, Qiuqin Tang et al.     MicroRNA plays an important role in spermatogenesis. Whether pre-miRNAs polymorphisms are associated with idiopathic male infertility remains obscure. In this study, 1378 …             Whole-genome sequencing of the endangered bovine species Gayal (Bos frontalis) provides new insights into its genetic features ▶     Chugang Mei, Hongcheng Wang, Wenjuan Zhu et al.     Gayal (Bos frontalis) is a semi-wild and endangered bovine species that differs from domestic cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus), and its genetic background remains unclear. …             Mycobacterium Lysine ε-aminotransferase is a novel alarmone metabolism related persister gene via dysregulating the intracellular amino acid level ▶     Xiangke Duan, Yunsong Li, Qinglin Du et al.     Bacterial persisters, usually slow-growing, non-replicating cells highly tolerant to antibiotics, play a crucial role contributing to the recalcitrance of chronic infections and …             Botulinum neurotoxin type-A enters a non-recycling pool of synaptic vesicles ▶     Callista B. Harper, Andreas Papadopulos, Sally Martin et al.     Neuronal communication relies on synaptic vesicles undergoing regulated exocytosis and recycling for multiple rounds of fusion. Whether all synaptic vesicles have identical …             Virus-specific antibodies allow viral replication in the marginal zone, thereby promoting CD8+ T-cell priming and viral control ▶     Vikas Duhan, Vishal Khairnar, Sarah-Kim Friedrich et al.     Clinically used human vaccination aims to induce specific antibodies that can guarantee long-term protection against a pathogen. The reasons that other immune components often …             Breaking sarcomeres by in vitro exercise ▶     Zacharias Orfanos, Markus P. O. Gödderz, Ekaterina Soroka et al.     Eccentric exercise leads to focal disruptions in the myofibrils, referred to as “lesions”. These structures are thought to contribute to the post-exercise muscle weakness, and to …             Induction of cell death by the novel proteasome inhibitor marizomib in glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo ▶     Christa A. Manton, Blake Johnson, Melissa Singh et al.     New therapies for glioblastoma (GBM) are needed, as five-year survival is <10%. The proteasome inhibitor marizomib (MRZ) has inhibitory and death-inducing properties unique from …             Microhabitat choice in island lizards enhances camouflage against avian predators ▶     Kate L. A. Marshall, Kate E. Philpot, Martin Stevens     Camouflage can often be enhanced by genetic adaptation to different local environments. However, it is less clear how individual behaviour improves camouflage effectiveness. We …             High early life mortality in free-ranging dogs is largely influenced by humans ▶     Manabi Paul, Sreejani Sen Majumder, Shubhra Sau et al.     Free-ranging dogs are a ubiquitous part of human habitations in many developing countries, leading a life of scavengers dependent on human wastes for survival. The effective …             Inhibition of Lysyl Oxidase and Lysyl Oxidase-Like Enzymes Has Tumour-Promoting and Tumour-Suppressing Roles in Experimental Prostate Cancer ▶     Maria Nilsson, Hanibal Adamo, Anders Bergh et al.     Lysyl oxidase (LOX) and LOX-like (LOXL) enzymes are key players in extracellular matrix deposition and maturation. LOX promote tumour progression and metastasis, but it may also …             Effects of acute critical illnesses on the performance of interferon-gamma release assay ▶     Chun-Ta Huang, Sheng-Yuan Ruan, Yi-Ju Tsai et al.     Performance of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) is influenced by preanalytical, laboratory and host factors. The data regarding how critical illnesses influence IGRA …             Biofortified indica rice attains iron and zinc nutrition dietary targets in the field ▶     Kurniawan R. Trijatmiko, Conrado Dueñas, Nikolaos Tsakirpaloglou et al.     More than two billion people are micronutrient deficient. Polished grains of popular rice varieties have concentration of approximately 2 μg g−1 iron (Fe) and 16 μg g−1 zinc …             Influence of Electric Fields and Conductivity on Pollen Tube Growth assessed via Electrical Lab-on-Chip ▶     Carlos Agudelo, Muthukumaran Packirisamy, Anja Geitmann     Pollen tubes are polarly growing plant cells that are able to rapidly respond to a combination of chemical, mechanical, and electrical cues. This behavioural feature allows them …             The Amino Acid Transporter JhI-21 Coevolves with Glutamate Receptors, Impacts NMJ Physiology, and Influences Locomotor Activity in Drosophila Larvae ▶     Anna B. Ziegler, Hrvoje Augustin, Nathan L. Clark et al.     Changes in synaptic physiology underlie neuronal network plasticity and behavioral phenomena, which are adjusted during development. The Drosophila larval glutamatergic …             Automatic and objective oral cancer diagnosis by Raman spectroscopic detection of keratin with multivariate curve resolution analysis ▶     Po-Hsiung Chen, Rintaro Shimada, Sohshi Yabumoto et al.     We have developed an automatic and objective method for detecting human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues with Raman microspectroscopy. We measure 196 independent Raman …             Pharmacological treatment with mirtazapine rescues cortical atrophy and respiratory deficits in MeCP2 null mice ▶     Tamara Bittolo, Carlo Antonio Raminelli, Chiara Deiana et al.     Loss of MeCP2 (Methyl CpG binding protein 2) in Rett syndrome (RTT) causes brain weight decrease, shrinkage of the cortex with reduced dendritic arborization, behavioral …             Meristem maintenance, auxin, jasmonic and abscisic acid pathways as a mechanism for phenotypic plasticity in Antirrhinum majus ▶     Julia Weiss, Raquel Alcantud-Rodriguez, Tugba Toksöz et al.     Plants grow under climatic changing conditions that cause modifications in vegetative and reproductive development. The degree of changes in organ development i.e. its phenotypic …             Dmy initiates masculinity by altering Gsdf/Sox9a2/Rspo1 expression in medaka (Oryzias latipes) ▶     Tapas Chakraborty, Lin Yan Zhou, Aparna Chaudhari et al.     Despite identification of several sex-determining genes in non-mammalian vertebrates, their detailed molecular cascades of sex determination/differentiation are not known. Here, …             Ligand-based virtual screening and inductive learning for identification of SIRT1 inhibitors in natural products ▶     Yunan Sun, Hui Zhou, Hongmei Zhu et al.     Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, and its dysregulation can lead to ageing, diabetes, and cancer. From 346 experimentally confirmed …             Different hydrogen isotope fractionations during lipid formation in higher plants: Implications for paleohydrology reconstruction at a global scale ▶     Jinzhao Liu, Weiguo Liu, Zhisheng An et al.     Leaf wax δDn-alkane values have shown to differ significantly among plant life forms (e.g., among grasses, shrubs, and trees) in higher plants. However, the underlying causes for …             Hemispheric Asymmetry of Endogenous Neural Oscillations in Young Children: Implications for Hearing Speech In Noise ▶     Elaine C. Thompson, Kali Woodruff Carr, Travis White-Schwoch et al.     Speech signals contain information in hierarchical time scales, ranging from short-duration (e.g., phonemes) to long-duration cues (e.g., syllables, prosody). A theoretical …             Mesenchymal stem cells maintain their defining stem cell characteristics after treatment with cisplatin ▶     Nils H. Nicolay, Ramon Lopez Perez, Alexander Rühle et al.     Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) aid the regeneration of tissues damaged by treatment with cisplatin. However, the effects of this cytotoxic drug on the stem cells have been largely …             Blocking protein phosphatase 2A signaling prevents endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis: a peptide-based drug therapy ▶     Yuanjun Deng, Yanyan Guo, Ping Liu et al.     Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contributes to the emergence of fibroblasts and plays a significant role in renal interstitial fibrosis. Protein phosphatase 2A …             Phenotypic Characterization Analysis of Human Hepatocarcinoma by Urine Metabolomics Approach ▶     Qun Liang, Han Liu, Cong Wang et al.     Hepatocarcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world and represents a significant disease burden. Better biomarkers are needed for early detection of HCC. …             A framework for the assessment of the spatial and temporal patterns of threatened coastal delphinids ▶     Jingzhen Wang, Yingting Yang, Feng Yang et al.     The massively accelerated biodiversity loss rate in the Anthropocene calls for an efficient and effective way to identify the spatial and temporal dynamics of endangered species. …             Targeting and retention enhancement of quantum dots decorated with amino acids in an invertebrate model organism ▶     Rui Xing, Xue-Dong Chen, Yan-Feng Zhou et al.     The use of quantum dots (QDs) in biological imaging applications and targeted drug delivery is expected to increase. However, the efficiency of QDs in drug targeting needs to be …             Transition from freshwater to seawater reshapes the skin-associated microbiota of Atlantic salmon ▶     Jep Lokesh, Viswanath Kiron     Knowledge concerning shifts in microbiota is important in order to elucidate the perturbations in the mucosal barrier during the transitional life stages of the host. In the …             Developmental trajectories of body mass index and emotional-behavioral functioning of underweight children: A longitudinal study ▶     Silvia Cimino, Luca Cerniglia, Carlos A. Almenara et al.     Although several studies have addressed developmental trajectories from childhood to adolescence of internalizing/externalizing problems, limited attention has been given to …             Growing sensitivity of maize to water scarcity under climate change ▶     Qingfeng Meng, Xinping Chen, David B. Lobell et al.     Climate change can reduce crop yields and thereby threaten food security. The current measures used to adapt to climate change involve avoiding crops yield decrease, however, the …             Nimbolide inhibits pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis through ROS-mediated apoptosis and inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition ▶     Ramadevi Subramani, Elizabeth Gonzalez, Arunkumar Arumugam et al.     The mortality and morbidity rates of pancreatic cancer are high because of its extremely invasive and metastatic nature. Its lack of symptoms, late diagnosis and chemo–resistance …             Temporal Succession of Ancient Phytoplankton Community in Qinghai Lake and Implication for Paleo-environmental Change ▶     Gaoyuan Li, Hailiang Dong, Weiguo Hou et al.     Tibetan lake sediments in NW China are sensitive recorders of climate change. However, many important plankton members do not leave any microscopic features in sedimentary …             Loss of CAR promotes migration and proliferation of HaCaT cells, and accelerates wound healing in rats via Src-p38 MAPK pathway ▶     Linlin Su, Lanqing Fu, Xiaodong Li et al.     The coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a cell adhesion molecule mostly localized to cell-cell contacts in epithelial and endothelial cells. CAR is known to regulate tumor …             AMPK Suppresses Connexin43 Expression in the Bladder and Ameliorates Voiding Dysfunction in Cyclophosphamide-induced Mouse Cystitis ▶     Xiling Zhang, Jian Yao, Kun Gao et al.     Bladder voiding dysfunction is closely related to local oxidation, inflammation, and enhanced channel activities. Given that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has …             IL-10-produced by human transitional B-cells down-regulates CD86 expression on B-cells leading to inhibition of CD4+T-cell responses ▶     Estefania Nova-Lamperti, Giorgia Fanelli, Pablo D. Becker et al.     A novel subset of human regulatory B-cells has recently been described. They arise from within the transitional B-cell subpopulation and are characterised by the production of …             detectMITE: A novel approach to detect miniature inverted repeat transposable elements in genomes ▶     Congting Ye, Guoli Ji, Chun Liang     Miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are prevalent in eukaryotic genomes, including plants and animals. Classified as a type of non-autonomous DNA transposable …             The Arabidopsis glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR) forms a ternary complex with FLU and GluTR-binding protein ▶     Ying Fang, Shun Zhao, Feilong Zhang et al.     Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis is an essential and tightly regulated process, and glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR) is a key target for multiple regulatory factors at the …             Heme oxygenase-1 is dispensable for the anti-inflammatory activity of intravenous immunoglobulin ▶     Caroline Galeotti, Pushpa Hegde, Mrinmoy Das et al.     Intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) is used in the therapy of various autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. The mechanisms by which IVIG exerts anti-inflammatory effects are …             Mechanisms Restricting Diffusion of Intracellular cAMP ▶     Shailesh R. Agarwal, Colleen E. Clancy, Robert D. Harvey     Although numerous receptors stimulate cAMP production in a wide array of cells, many elicit distinct, highly localized responses, implying that the subcellular distribution of …             Rorippa indica Regeneration via Somatic Embryogenesis Involving Frog Egg-like Bodies Efficiently Induced by the Synergy of Salt and Drought Stresses ▶     Kedong Xu, Yunxia Chang, Yi Zhang et al.     Frog egg-like bodies (FELBs), novel somatic embryogenesis (SE) structures first observed in Solanum nigrum, were induced in Rorippa indica. NaCl-mediated salt and …             Two Genetic Variations in the IRF8 region are associated with Behçet’s disease in Han Chinese ▶     Yanni Jiang, Hong Wang, Hongsong Yu et al.     Several modulatory factors in the TLR signaling pathway including IRF3, IRF7, IRF8, TRIM20, MYD88 and NF-κB1 have been associated with autoimmune disease. In this study, we …             Leaf morphological and anatomical traits from tropical to temperate coniferous forests: Mechanisms and influencing factors ▶     Miao Tian, Guirui Yu, Nianpeng He et al.     Leaf traits may reflect the adaptation mechanisms of plants to the environment. In this study, we investigated leaf morphological and anatomical traits in nine cold-temperate to …             Methadone-induced Damage to White Matter Integrity in Methadone Maintenance Patients: A Longitudinal Self-control DTI Study ▶     Wei Li, Qiang Li, Yarong Wang et al.     Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) can induce impairments in brain function and structure, despite its clinical effectiveness. However, the effect of chronic MMT on brain …             Effects of cycle duration of an external electrostatic field on anammox biomass activity ▶     Xin Yin, Sen Qiao, Jiti Zhou     In this study, the effects of different cycle durations of an external electrostatic field on an anammox biomass were investigated. The total application time per day was 12 h at …             Distribution of vascular epiphytes along a tropical elevational gradient: disentangling abiotic and biotic determinants ▶     Yi Ding, Guangfu Liu, Runguo Zang et al.     Epiphytic vascular plants are common species in humid tropical forests. Epiphytes are influenced by abiotic and biotic variables, but little is known about the relative …             QTL analysis of modifiers for pigmentary disorder in rats carrying Ednrbsl mutations ▶     Jieping Huang, Ruihua Dang, Daisuke Torigoe et al.     Pigmentary variation in animals has been studied because of its application in genetics, evolution, and developmental biology. The large number of known color loci provides rich …             Identification of Differentially Expressed Long Non-coding RNAs in Polarized Macrophages ▶     Zikun Huang, Qing Luo, Fangyi Yao et al.     Macrophages display remarkable plasticity, with the ability to undergo dynamic transition between classically and alternatively activated phenotypes. Long non-coding RNAs …             A novel type bacterial flagellar motor that can use divalent cations as a coupling ion ▶     Riku Imazawa, Yuka Takahashi, Wataru Aoki et al.     The bacterial flagellar motor is a sophisticated nanomachine embedded in the cell envelope and powered by an electrochemical gradient of H+, Na+, or K+across the cytoplasmic …             Characterization of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Microvesicle Genesis, Morphology and Pluripotent Content ▶     Jing Zhou, Shima Ghoroghi, Alberto Benito-Martin et al.     Microvesicles (MVs) are lipid bilayer-covered cell fragments that range in diameter from 30 nm–1uM and are released from all cell types. An increasing number of studies reveal …             Signal-off impedimetric immunosensor for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 ▶     Jingzhuan Wan, Junjie Ai, Yonghua Zhang et al.     A signal-off impedimetric immune-biosensor based on gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-mediated electron transfer (ET) across a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was the developed for highly …             Effects of Chronic Low-Dose Radiation on Human Neural Progenitor Cells ▶     Mari Katsura, Hiromasa Cyou-Nakamine, Qin Zen et al.     The effects of chronic low-dose radiation on human health have not been well established. Recent studies have revealed that neural progenitor cells are present not only in the …             Non-invasive Imaging of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Using Cathepsin Protease Probes ▶     Nimali P. Withana, Xiaowei Ma, Helen M. McGuire et al.     Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal, chronic, progressive disease characterized by formation of scar tissue within the lungs. Because it is a disease of unknown …             The frontline antibiotic vancomycin induces a zinc starvation response in bacteria by binding to Zn(II) ▶     Ashraf Zarkan, Heather-Rose Macklyne, Andrew W. Truman et al.     Vancomycin is a front-line antibiotic used for the treatment of nosocomial infections, particularly those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Despite its …             Mechanism of substrate recognition by the novel Botulinum Neurotoxin subtype F5 ▶     Jiubiao Guo, Edward Wai Chi Chan, Sheng Chen     Botulinum Neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the causative agents of botulism, which act by potently inhibiting the neurotransmitter release in motor neurons. Seven serotypes of BoNTs …             Identification of a rhodopsin gene mutation in a large family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa ▶     Xinping Yu, Wei Shi, Lulu Cheng et al.     Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetically highly heterogeneous retinal disease and one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Next-generation sequencing technology has …             Experience-independent sex differences in newborn macaques: Females are more social than males ▶     Elizabeth A. Simpson, Ylenia Nicolini, Melissa Shetler et al.     Human females exhibit greater social interest and skills relative to males, appearing in infancy, suggesting biological roots; however, male and female infants may be treated …             Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells induce tolerance of autoreactive CD4+ recent thymic emigrants ▶     Xi Xu, Rong Jin, Mingyang Li et al.     The liver is a unique lymphoid organ whose microenvironment is biased towards tolerance induction. We previously found that a proportion of CD4+ autoreactive recent thymic …             Combining personal with social information facilitates host defences and explains why cuckoos should be secretive ▶     Rose Thorogood, Nicholas B. Davies     Individuals often vary defences in response to local predation or parasitism risk. But how should they assess threat levels when it pays their enemies to hide? For common cuckoo …             In silico functional dissection of saturation mutagenesis: Interpreting the relationship between phenotypes and changes in protein stability, interactions and activity ▶     Douglas E. V. Pires, Jing Chen, Tom L. Blundell et al.     Despite interest in associating polymorphisms with clinical or experimental phenotypes, functional interpretation of mutation data has lagged behind generation of data from …             Photoactivated adenylyl cyclase (PAC) reveals novel mechanisms underlying cAMP-dependent axonal morphogenesis ▶     Zhiwen Zhou, Kenji F. Tanaka, Shigeru Matsunaga et al.     Spatiotemporal regulation of axonal branching and elongation is essential in the development of refined neural circuits. cAMP is a key regulator of axonal growth; however, …             Tsc1 deficiency impairs mammary development in mice by suppression of AKT, nuclear ERα, and cell-cycle-driving proteins ▶     Zhenqi Qin, Hang Zheng, Ling Zhou et al.     Loss of Tsc1/Tsc2 results in excess cell growth that eventually forms hamartoma in multiple organs. Our study using a mouse model with Tsc1 conditionally knockout in mammary …             Topography induces differential sensitivity on cancer cell proliferation via Rho-ROCK-Myosin contractility ▶     Parthiv Kant Chaudhuri, Catherine Qiurong Pan, Boon Chuan Low et al.     Although the role of stiffness on proliferative response of cancer cells has been well studied, little is known about the effect of topographic cues in guiding cancer cell …             Study of Arsenic Sulfide in Solid Tumor Cells Reveals Regulation of Nuclear Factors of Activated T-cells by PML and p53 ▶     Wenping Ding, Yingying Tong, Xiuli Zhang et al.     Arsenic sulfide (AS) has excellent cytotoxic activity in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) but its activity in solid tumors remains to be explored. Here we show that AS and …             CRMAGE: CRISPR Optimized MAGE Recombineering ▶     Carlotta Ronda, Lasse Ebdrup Pedersen, Morten O. A. Sommer et al.     A bottleneck in metabolic engineering and systems biology approaches is the lack of efficient genome engineering technologies. Here, we combine CRISPR/Cas9 and λ Red …             Vertical uniformity of cells and nuclei in epithelial monolayers ▶     Srujana Neelam, Peter Robert Hayes, Qiao Zhang et al.     Morphological variability in cytoskeletal organization, organelle position and cell boundaries is a common feature of cultured cells. Remarkable uniformity and reproducibility in …             Corrigendum: Reduced grazing pressure delivers production and environmental benefits for the typical steppe of north China ▶     Yingjun Zhang, Ding Huang, Warwick B. Badgery et al.                 Msp40 effector of root-knot nematode manipulates plant immunity to facilitate parasitism ▶     Junhai Niu, Pei Liu, Qian Liu et al.     Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are obligate biotrophic parasites that invade plant roots and engage in prolonged and intimate relationships with their hosts. Nematode secretions, …             Functional mutagenesis screens reveal the ‘cap structure’ formation in disulfide-bridge free TASK channels ▶     Matthias Goldstein, Susanne Rinné, Aytug K. Kiper et al.     Two-pore-domain potassium (K2P) channels have a large extracellular cap structure formed by two M1-P1 linkers, containing a cysteine for dimerization. However, this cysteine is …             Membrane omega-3 fatty acids modulate the oligomerisation kinetics of adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors ▶     Ramon Guixà-González, Matti Javanainen, Maricel Gómez-Soler et al.     Membrane levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA), are decreased in common neuropsychiatric disorders. DHA modulates key …             DNMT3L enables accumulation and inheritance of epimutations in transgenic Drosophila ▶     Amitava Basu, Archana Tomar, Vasanthi Dasari et al.     DNMT3L is an important epigenetic regulator in mammals, integrating DNA methylation and histone modification based epigenetic circuits. Here we show DNMT3L to be a part of the …             Divergent targets of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation result in additive effects of metformin and starvation in colon and breast cancer ▶     Cecilia Marini, Giovanna Bianchi, Ambra Buschiazzo et al.     Emerging evidence demonstrates that targeting energy metabolism is a promising strategy to fight cancer. Here we show that combining metformin and short-term starvation markedly …             Predicting DNA Methylation State of CpG Dinucleotide Using Genome Topological Features and Deep Networks ▶     Yiheng Wang, Tong Liu, Dong Xu et al.     The hypo- or hyper-methylation of the human genome is one of the epigenetic features of leukemia. However, experimental approaches have only determined the methylation state of a …             Comprehensive analyses of how tubule occlusion and advanced glycation end-products diminish strength of aged dentin ▶     Yuko Shinno, Takuya Ishimoto, Mitsuru Saito et al.     In clinical dentistry, since fracture is a major cause of tooth loss, better understanding of mechanical properties of teeth structures is important. Dentin, the major hard …             Terpene arms race in the Seiridium cardinale – Cupressus sempervirens pathosystem ▶     Ander Achotegui-Castells, Gianni Della Rocca, Joan Llusià et al.     The canker-causing fungus Seiridium cardinale is the major threat to Cupressus sempervirens worldwide. We investigated the production of terpenes by canker-resistant and …             Obesity is associated with changes in oxysterol metabolism and levels in mice liver, hypothalamus, adipose tissue and plasma ▶     Owein Guillemot-Legris, Valentin Mutemberezi, Patrice D. Cani et al.     Oxysterols are bioactive lipids derived from cholesterol that are linked to inflammatory processes. Because obesity and metabolic syndrome are characterized by inflammation and …             Chimera-like States in Modular Neural Networks ▶     Johanne Hizanidis, Nikos E. Kouvaris, Zamora-López Gorka et al.     Chimera states, namely the coexistence of coherent and incoherent behavior, were previously analyzed in complex networks. However, they have not been extensively studied in …             Reforestation in southern China: revisiting soil N mineralization and nitrification after 8 years restoration ▶     Qifeng Mo, Zhi’an Li, Weixing Zhu et al.     Nitrogen availability and tree species selection play important roles in reforestation. However, long-term field studies on the effects and mechanisms of tree species composition …             Comparative proteomics reveals abnormal binding of ATGL and dysferlin on lipid droplets from pressure overload-induced dysfunctional rat hearts ▶     Linghai Li, Huina Zhang, Weiyi Wang et al.     Excessive retention of neutral lipids in cardiac lipid droplets (LDs) is a common observation in cardiomyopathy. Thus, the systematic investigation of the cardiac LD proteome …             Inhibition of Inflammation and iNOS Improves Lymphatic Function in Obesity ▶     Jeremy S. Torrisi, Geoffrey E. Hespe, Daniel A. Cuzzone et al.     Although recent studies have shown that obesity decreases lymphatic function, the cellular mechanisms regulating this response remain unknown. In the current study, we show that …             Lactate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (LATEST) Imaging in vivo A Biomarker for LDH Activity ▶     Catherine DeBrosse, Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga, Puneet Bagga et al.     Non-invasive imaging of lactate is of enormous significance in cancer and metabolic disorders where glycolysis dominates. Here, for the first time, we describe a chemical …             Authentic role of ATP signaling in micturition reflex ▶     Kentaro Takezawa, Makoto Kondo, Hiroshi Kiuchi et al.     Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a signaling molecule that regulates cellular processes. Based on previous studies of bladder function over the past decade, bladder ATP signaling …             Hypertension associated with venous thromboembolism in patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer ▶     Yuhui Zhang, Yuanhua Yang, Wenhui Chen et al.     The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with lung …             A Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Lysosomal Thiols in Live Cells and Tissues ▶     Jiangli Fan, Zhichao Han, Yao Kang et al.     Lysosome-specific fluorescent probes are exclusive to elucidate the functions of lysosomal thiols. Moreover, two-photon microscopy offers advantages of less phototoxicity, better …             Hypoxia-inducible miR-210 contributes to preeclampsia via targeting thrombospondin type I domain containing 7A ▶     Rongcan Luo, Yongqing Wang, Peng Xu et al.     Preeclampsia, a relatively common pregnancy disorder, is a major contributor to maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. An elevation in microRNA-210 (miR-210) expression in …             Association of toll-like receptor 3 polymorphism rs3775291 with age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis ▶     Li Ma, Fang Yao Tang, Wai Kit Chu et al.     Association of a polymorphism rs3775291 in the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) had been investigated intensively, with variable …             From phenotype to genotype in complex brain networks ▶     Massimiliano Zanin, Marco Correia, Pedro A. C. Sousa et al.     Generative models are a popular instrument for illuminating the relationships between the hidden variables driving the growth of a complex network and its final topological …             An endometrial gene expression signature accurately predicts recurrent implantation failure after IVF ▶     Yvonne E. M. Koot, Sander R. van Hooff, Carolien M. Boomsma et al.     The primary limiting factor for effective IVF treatment is successful embryo implantation. Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is a condition whereby couples fail to achieve …             Exploration of nucleosome positioning patterns in transcription factor function ▶     Kazumitsu Maehara, Yasuyuki Ohkawa     The binding of transcription factors (TFs) triggers activation of specific chromatin regions through the recruitment and activation of RNA polymerase. Unique nucleosome …             First freshwater coralline alga and the role of local features in a major biome transition ▶     A. Žuljević, S. Kaleb, V. Peña et al.     Coralline red algae are significant components of sea bottom and up to now considered as exclusively marine species. Here we present the first coralline alga from a freshwater …             IFNα enhances the production of IL-6 by human neutrophils activated via TLR8 ▶     Maili Zimmermann, Fabio Arruda-Silva, Francisco Bianchetto-Aguilera et al.     Recently, we reported that human neutrophils produce biologically active amounts of IL-6 when incubated with agonists activating TLR8, a receptor recognizing viral single strand …             Mozart, Mozart Rhythm and Retrograde Mozart Effects: Evidences from Behaviours and Neurobiology Bases ▶     Yingshou Xing, Yang Xia, Keith Kendrick et al.     The phenomenal finding that listening to Mozart K.448 enhances performance on spatial tasks has motivated a continuous surge in promoting music education over the past two …             Forest gaps slow the sequestration of soil organic matter: a humification experiment with six foliar litters in an alpine forest ▶     Xiangyin Ni, Wanqin Yang, Bo Tan et al.     Humification of plant litter containing carbon and other nutrients greatly contributes to the buildup of soil organic matter, but this process can be altered by forest …             A Novel Controlled Release Immunosensor based on Benzimidazole Functionalized SiO2 and Cyclodextrin Functionalized Gold ▶     Hongmin Ma, Yaoguang Wang, Dan Wu et al.     A novel controlled release system-based sandwich-type immunosensor is fabricated to detect squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA). The 1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole functionalized …             Exome sequencing reveals recurrent REV3L mutations in cisplatin-resistant squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck ▶     Kie Kyon Huang, Kang Won Jang, Sangwoo Kim et al.     Dacomitinib, an irreversible pan-HER inhibitor, had shown modest clinical activity in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) patients. Therefore, validated predictive …             Mapping female bodily features of attractiveness ▶     Jeanne Bovet, Junpeng Lao, Océane Bartholomée et al.     “Beauty is bought by judgment of the eye” (Shakespeare, Love’s Labour’s Lost), but the bodily features governing this critical biological choice are still debated. Eye movement …             Urinary Kininogen-1 and Retinol binding protein-4 respond to Acute Kidney Injury: predictors of patient prognosis? ▶     Laura Gonzalez-Calero, Marta Martin-Lorenzo, Angeles Ramos-Barron et al.     Implementation of therapy for acute kidney injury (AKI) depends on successful prediction of individual patient prognosis. Clinical markers as serum creatinine (sCr) have …             Vocal complexity influences female responses to gelada male calls ▶     Morgan L. Gustison, Thore J. Bergman     Extensive research indicates that inter-sexual selection drives the evolution of complex vocal communication in birds, but parallel lines of evidence are almost entirely absent …             The role of motility and chemotaxis in the bacterial colonization of protected surfaces ▶     Einat Tamar, Moriah Koler, Ady Vaknin     Internal epithelial surfaces in humans are both oxygenated and physically protected by a few hundred microns thick hydrogel mucosal layer, conditions that might support bacterial …             Hypercarnivorous apex predator could provide ecosystem services by dispersing seeds ▶     José Hernán Sarasola, Juan Ignacio Zanón-Martínez, Andrea Silvina Costán et al.     Large “hypercarnivorous” felids are recognized for their role as apex predators and hence as key elements in food webs and ecosystem functioning through competition and …             Hair cortisol varies with season and lifestyle and relates to human interactions in German shepherd dogs ▶     Lina S. V. Roth, Åshild Faresjö, Elvar Theodorsson et al.     It is challenging to measure long-term endocrine stress responses in animals. We investigated whether cortisol extracted from dog hair reflected the levels of activity and stress …             H2AX deficiency is associated with erythroid dysplasia and compromised haematopoietic stem cell function ▶     Baobing Zhao, Timothy L. Tan, Yang Mei et al.     Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal disorders of haematopoiesis characterised by dysplastic changes of major myeloid cell lines. However, the mechanisms underlying these …             Proteomics Profiling Reveals Carbohydrate Metabolic Enzymes and 14-3-3 Proteins Play Important Roles for Starch Accumulation during Cassava Root Tuberization ▶     Xuchu Wang, Lili Chang, Zheng Tong et al.     Cassava is one of the most important root crops as a reliable source of food and carbohydrates. Carbohydrate metabolism and starch accumulation in cassava storage root is a …             Development of a conditional liver tumor model by mifepristone-inducible Cre recombination to control oncogenic krasV12 expression in transgenic zebrafish ▶     Anh Tuan Nguyen, Vivien Koh, Jan M. Spitsbergen et al.     Here we report a new transgenic expression system by combination of liver-specific expression, mifepristone induction and Cre-loxP recombination to conditionally control the …             Corrigendum: Synchronized age-related gene expression changes across multiple tissues in human and the link to complex diseases ▶     Jialiang Yang, Tao Huang, Francesca Petralia et al.                 The aryl hydrocarbon receptor promotes aging phenotypes across species ▶     Anna Eckers, Sascha Jakob, Christian Heiss et al.     The ubiquitously expressed aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) induces drug metabolizing enzymes as well as regulators of cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Certain AhR …             Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase (HPK-1) regulates stress responses and ageing in C. elegans ▶     Slavica Berber, Mallory Wood, Estelle Llamosas et al.     Proteins of the Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase (HIPK) family regulate an array of processes in mammalian systems, such as the DNA damage response, cellular proliferation …             Fast-cycling unit of root turnover in perennial herbaceous plants in a cold temperate ecosystem ▶     Kai Sun, M. Luke McCormack, Le Li et al.     Roots of perennial plants have both persistent portion and fast-cycling units represented by different levels of branching. In woody species, the distal nonwoody branch orders as …             c.A2456C-substitution in Pck1 changes the enzyme kinetic and functional properties modifying fat distribution in pigs ▶     Pedro Latorre, Carmen Burgos, Jorge Hidalgo et al.     Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, PCK1, is one of the main regulatory enzymes of gluconeogenesis and glyceroneogenesis. The substitution of a single amino acid …             The opgC gene is required for OPGs succinylation and is osmoregulated through RcsCDB and EnvZ/OmpR in the phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii ▶     Sébastien Bontemps-Gallo, Edwige Madec, Catherine Robbe-Masselot et al.     Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) are a family of periplasmic oligosaccharides found in the envelope of most Proteobacteria. They are required for virulence of zoo- and …             Rational steering of insulin binding specificity by intra-chain chemical crosslinking ▶     Jitka Viková, Michaela Collinsová, Emília Kletvíková et al.     Insulin is a key hormone of human metabolism with major therapeutic importance for both types of diabetes. New insulin analogues with more physiological profiles and better …             Tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection mitigates the heat stress response of plants grown at high temperatures ▶     Anfoka Ghandi, Moshe Adi, Fridman Lilia et al.     Cultured tomatoes are often exposed to a combination of extreme heat and infection with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). This stress combination leads to intense disease …             Synthetic tactile perception induced by transcranial alternating-current stimulation can substitute for natural sensory stimulus in behaving rabbits ▶     Javier Márquez-Ruiz, Claudia Ammann, Rocío Leal-Campanario et al.     The use of brain-derived signals for controlling external devices has long attracted the attention from neuroscientists and engineers during last decades. Although much effort …             Predicting chemotherapeutic drug combinations through gene network profiling ▶     Thi Thuy Trang Nguyen, Jacqueline Kia Kee Chua, Kwi Shan Seah et al.     Contemporary chemotherapeutic treatments incorporate the use of several agents in combination. However, selecting the most appropriate drugs for such therapy is not necessarily …             Different human vaccine adjuvants promote distinct antigen-independent immunological signatures tailored to different pathogens ▶     Niels Peter H. Knudsen, Anja Olsen, Cecilia Buonsanti et al.     The majority of vaccine candidates in clinical development are highly purified proteins and peptides relying on adjuvants to enhance and/or direct immune responses. Despite the …             The Dilemma of Derelict Gear ▶     A. M. Scheld, D. M. Bilkovic, K. J. Havens     Every year, millions of pots and traps are lost in crustacean fisheries around the world. Derelict fishing gear has been found to produce several harmful environmental and …             Tubastatin A, an HDAC6 inhibitor, alleviates stroke-induced brain infarction and functional deficits: potential roles of α-tubulin acetylation and FGF-21 up-regulation ▶     Zhifei Wang, Yan Leng, Junyu Wang et al.     Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 exists exclusively in cytoplasm and deacetylates cytoplasmic proteins such as α-tubulin. HDAC6 dysfunction is associated with several pathological …             Tyrannosaurs as long-lived species ▶     Byung Mook Weon     Biodemographic analysis would be essential to understand population ecology and aging of tyrannosaurs. Here we address a methodology that quantifies tyrannosaur survival and …             Cd(II) Sorption on Montmorillonite-Humic acid-Bacteria Composites ▶     Huihui Du, Wenli Chen, Peng Cai et al.     Soil components (e.g., clays, bacteria and humic substances) are known to produce mineral-organic composites in natural systems. Herein, batch sorption isotherms, isothermal …             Peptides in headlock – a novel high-affinity and versatile peptide-binding nanobody for proteomics and microscopy ▶     Michael B. Braun, Bjoern Traenkle, Philipp A. Koch et al.     Nanobodies are highly valuable tools for numerous bioanalytical and biotechnical applications. Here, we report the characterization of a nanobody that binds a short peptide …             Increasing aridity, temperature and soil pH induce soil C-N-P imbalance in grasslands ▶     Feng Jiao, Xin-Rong Shi, Feng-Peng Han et al.     Due to the different degrees of controls exerted by biological and geochemical processes, climate changes are suggested to uncouple biogeochemical C, N and P cycles, influencing …             Revealing the Dynamics of Thylakoid Membranes in Living Cyanobacterial Cells ▶     Laura-Roxana Stingaciu, Hugh O’Neill, Michelle Liberton et al.     Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes that make major contributions to the production of the oxygen in the Earth atmosphere. The photosynthetic machinery in cyanobacterial …             Scaling-up Fermentation of Pichia pastoris to demonstration-scale using new methanol-feeding strategy and increased air pressure instead of pure oxygen supplement ▶     Wan-Cang Liu, Ting Gong, Qing-Hua Wang et al.     Scaling-up of high-cell-density fermentation (HCDF) of Pichia pastoris from the lab or pilot scale to the demonstration scale possesses great significance because the latter is …             Acupuncture promotes mTOR-independent autophagic clearance of aggregation-prone proteins in mouse brain ▶     Tian Tian, Yanhong Sun, Huangan Wu et al.     Acupuncture has historically been practiced to treat medical disorders by mechanically stimulating specific acupoints with fine needles. Despite its well-documented efficacy, its …             Toxicity of AMPA to the earthworm Eisenia andrei Bouché, 1972 in tropical artificial soil ▶     Anahí Domínguez, George Gardner Brown, Klaus Dieter Sautter et al.     Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) - one of glyphosate’s main metabolites - has been classified as persistent in soils, raising concern regarding the widespread use of glyphosate …             Polyhydroxyalkanoates in waste activated sludge enhances anaerobic methane production through improving biochemical methane potential instead of hydrolysis rate ▶     Qilin Wang, Jing Sun, Chang Zhang et al.     Anaerobic sludge digestion is the main technology for sludge reduction and stabilization prior to sludge disposal. Nevertheless, methane production from anaerobic digestion of …             Cochlear Outer-Hair-Cell Power Generation and Viscous Fluid Loss ▶     Yanli Wang, Charles R. Steele, Sunil Puria     Since the discovery of otoacoustic emissions and outer hair cell (OHC) motility, the fundamental question of whether the cochlea produces mechanical power remains controversial. …             Multinucleation and Polykaryon Formation is Promoted by the EhPC4 Transcription Factor in Entamoeba histolytica ▶     Olga Hernández de la Cruz, Laurence A. Marchat, Nancy Guillén et al.     Entamoeba histolytica is the intestinal parasite responsible for human amoebiasis that is a leading cause of death in developing countries. In this protozoan, heterogeneity in …             Corrigendum: Light exposure before learning improves memory consolidation at night ▶     Li-Li Shan, Hao Guo, Ning-Ning Song et al.                 Erratum: Heterologous expression of newly identified galectin-8 from sea urchin embryos produces recombinant protein with lactose binding specificity and anti-adhesive activity ▶     Konstantinos Karakostis, Caterina Costa, Francesca Zito et al.                 A simulation-based breeding design that uses whole-genome prediction in tomato ▶     Eiji Yamamoto, Hiroshi Matsunaga, Akio Onogi et al.     Efficient plant breeding methods must be developed in order to increase yields and feed a growing world population, as well as to meet the demands of consumers with diverse …             Natural HCV variants with increased replicative fitness due to NS3 helicase mutations in the C-terminal helix α18 ▶     Claudia Stross, Tetsuro Shimakami, Katrin Haselow et al.     High replicative fitness is a general determinant of a multidrug resistance phenotype and may explain lower sensitivity to direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) in some hepatitis …             Corrigendum: Human rather than ape-like orbital morphology allows much greater lateral visual field expansion with eye abduction ▶     Eric Denion, Martin Hitier, Eric Levieil et al.                 Imaging and radiation effects of gold nanoparticles in tumour cells ▶     Harold N. McQuaid, Mark F. Muir, Laura E. Taggart et al.     Gold nanoparticle radiosensitization represents a novel technique in enhancement of ionising radiation dose and its effect on biological systems. Variation between theoretical …             SPECC1L deficiency results in increased adherens junction stability and reduced cranial neural crest cell delamination ▶     Nathan R. Wilson, Adam J. Olm-Shipman, Diana S. Acevedo et al.     Cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) delaminate from embryonic neural folds and migrate to pharyngeal arches, which give rise to most mid-facial structures. CNCC dysfunction plays …             Erratum: Rumen microbial community composition varies with diet and host, but a core microbiome is found across a wide geographical range ▶     Gemma Henderson, Faith Cox, Siva Ganesh et al.                 Pilot study of a rapid and minimally instrumented sputum sample preparation method for molecular diagnosis of tuberculosis ▶     Tanya M. Ferguson, Kris M. Weigel, Annie Lakey Becker et al.     Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) enables rapid and sensitive diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), which facilitates treatment and mitigates transmission. Nucleic acid …             Genome-wide association studies in East Asians identify new loci for waist-hip ratio and waist circumference ▶     Wanqing Wen, Norihiro Kato, Joo-Yeon Hwang et al.     Sixty genetic loci associated with abdominal obesity, measured by waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR), have been previously identified, primarily from studies …             Combined ligand-observe 19F and protein-observe 15N,1H-HSQC NMR suggests phenylalanine as the key Δ-somatostatin residue recognized by human protein disulfide isomerase ▶     Kirsty L. Richards, Michelle L. Rowe, Paul B. Hudson et al.     Human protein disulphide isomerase (hPDI) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) based isomerase and folding chaperone. Molecular detail of ligand recognition and specificity of hPDI …             Phenotypic characterization of nanshi oral liquid alters metabolic signatures during disease prevention ▶     Aihua Zhang, Qi Liu, Hongwei Zhao et al.     This paper was designed to investigate the phenotypic characterization of Nanshi Oral Liquid (NOL) alters metabolic signatures of the ‘Kidney Yang Deficiency syndrome’ (KYDS). Ur…             Temperature effect on the chemomechanical regulation of substeps within the power stroke of a single Myosin II ▶     Chenling Dong, Bin Chen     Myosin IIs in the skeletal muscle are highly efficient nanoscale machines evolved in nature. Understanding how they function can not only bring insights into various biological …             Ca2+ dynamics in oocytes from naturally-aged mice ▶     Jenna Haverfield, Shoma Nakagawa, Daniel Love et al.     The ability of human metaphase-II arrested eggs to activate following fertilisation declines with advancing maternal age. Egg activation is triggered by repetitive increases in …             Identification of novel noncoding transcripts in telomerase-negative yeast using RNA-seq ▶     Rachel O. Niederer, Nickolas Papadopoulos, David C. Zappulla     Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that maintains the ends of linear chromosomes in most eukaryotes. Loss of telomerase activity results in shortening of telomeric DNA and …             Intravital Imaging Reveals Dynamics of Lymphangiogenesis and Valvulogenesis ▶     Gyeong Jin Kang, Tatiana Ecoiffier, Tan Truong et al.     Lymphatic research signifies a field of rapid progression in recent years. Though lymphatic dysfunction has been found in a myriad of disorders, to date, few effective treatments …             Transient nature of cooperation by pay-it-forward reciprocity ▶     Yutaka Horita, Masanori Takezawa, Takuji Kinjo et al.     Humans often forward kindness received from others to strangers, a phenomenon called the upstream or pay-it-forward indirect reciprocity. Some field observations and laboratory …             Improving power and accuracy of genome-wide association studies via a multi-locus mixed linear model methodology ▶     Shi-Bo Wang, Jian-Ying Feng, Wen-Long Ren et al.     Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used in genetic dissection of complex traits. However, common methods are all based on a fixed-SNP-effect mixed linear …             Novel ALK inhibitor AZD3463 inhibits neuroblastoma growth by overcoming crizotinib resistance and inducing apoptosis ▶     Yongfeng Wang, Long Wang, Shan Guan et al.     ALK receptor tyrosine kinase has been shown to be a therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Germline ALK activating mutations are responsible for the majority of hereditary …             Why I tense up when you watch me: Inferior parietal cortex mediates an audience’s influence on motor performance ▶     Michiko Yoshie, Yoko Nagai, Hugo D. Critchley et al.     The presence of an evaluative audience can alter skilled motor performance through changes in force output. To investigate how this is mediated within the brain, we emulated …             Crystal structure and SUMO binding of Slx1-Slx4 complex ▶     Fu-Ming Lian, Si Xie, Chengmin Qian     The SLX1-SLX4 complex is a structure-specific endonuclease that cleaves branched DNA structures and plays significant roles in DNA recombination and repair in eukaryotic cells. …             Somatic Copy Number Alterations at Oncogenic Loci Show Diverse Correlations with Gene Expression ▶     Jason Roszik, Chang-Jiun Wu, Alan E. Siroy et al.     Somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) affecting oncogenic drivers have a firmly established role in promoting cancer. However, no agreed-upon standard exists for calling …             Distinct mutation accumulation rates among tissues determine the variation in cancer risk ▶     Dapeng Hao, Li Wang, Li-jun Di     Cancer is believed to be a result of accumulated mutations. However, this concept has not been fully confirmed owing to the impossibility of tracking down the ancestral somatic …             Ecological opportunity and the evolution of habitat preferences in an arid-zone bird: implications for speciation in a climate-modified landscape ▶     Janette A. Norman, Les Christidis     Bioclimatic models are widely used to investigate the impacts of climate change on species distributions. Range shifts are expected to occur as species track their current …             Analysis of spatial-temporal gene expression patterns reveals dynamics and regionalization in developing mouse brain ▶     Shen-Ju Chou, Chindi Wang, Nardnisa Sintupisut et al.     Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) provides a valuable resource of spatial/temporal gene expressions in mammalian brains. Despite rich information extracted from this database, current …             Canonical Notch signaling plays an instructive role in auditory supporting cell development ▶     Dean P. Campbell, Elena Chrysostomou, Angelika Doetzlhofer     The auditory sensory epithelium, composed of mechano-sensory hair cells (HCs) and highly specialized glial-like supporting cells (SCs), is critical for our ability to detect …             Irx3 is required for postnatal maturation of the mouse ventricular conduction system ▶     Kyoung-Han Kim, Anna Rosen, Samer M. I. Hussein et al.     The ventricular conduction system (VCS) orchestrates the harmonious contraction in every heartbeat. Defects in the VCS are often associated with life-threatening arrhythmias and …             A sex-inducing pheromone triggers cell cycle arrest and mate attraction in the diatom Seminavis robusta ▶     Sara Moeys, Johannes Frenkel, Christine Lembke et al.     Although sexual reproduction is believed to play a major role in the high diversification rates and species richness of diatoms, a mechanistic understanding of diatom life cycle …             Efficient extravasation of tumor-repopulating cells depends on cell deformability ▶     Junjian Chen, Wenwen Zhou, Qiong Jia et al.     Cancer metastasis is the most deadly stage in cancer progression. Despite significant efforts over the past decades, it remains elusive why only a very small fraction of cancer …             Characterizing the Conformational Landscape of Flavivirus Fusion Peptides via Simulation and Experiment ▶     Jan K. Marzinek, Rajamani Lakshminarayanan, Eunice Goh et al.     Conformational changes in the envelope proteins of flaviviruses help to expose the highly conserved fusion peptide (FP), a region which is critical to membrane fusion and host …             The genome sequence of the outbreeding globe artichoke constructed de novo incorporating a phase-aware low-pass sequencing strategy of F1 progeny ▶     Davide Scaglione, Sebastian Reyes-Chin-Wo, Alberto Acquadro et al.     Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus) is an out-crossing, perennial, multi-use crop species that is grown worldwide and belongs to the Compositae, one of the most …             Assessing cellular and circulating miRNA recovery: the impact of the RNA isolation method and the quantity of input material ▶     Victoria El-Khoury, Sandrine Pierson, Tony Kaoma et al.     MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising cancer biomarkers. However, exploiting their informative potential requires careful optimization of their detection. Here, we …             Which risk scenarios can drive the emergence of costly cooperation? ▶     Kristin Hagel, Maria Abou Chakra, Benedikt Bauer et al.     In collective risk dilemmas, cooperation prevents collective loss only when players contribute sufficiently. In these more complex variants of a social dilemma, the form of the …             Increased Dickkopf-1 in Recent-onset Rheumatoid Arthritis is a New Biomarker of Structural Severity. Data from the ESPOIR Cohort ▶     Raphaèle Seror, Saida Boudaoud, Stephan Pavy et al.     Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatic condition over the world. RA is potentially disabling because chronic inflammation of the joints leads …             Transcriptome assembly and expression profiling of molecular responses to cadmium toxicity in hepatopancreas of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense ▶     Min Sun, Yi Ting Li, Yang Liu et al.     Cadmium (Cd) pollution is a serious global problem, which causes irreversible toxic effects on animals. Freshwater crab, Sinopotamon henanense, is a useful environmental …             HERG1A potassium channel is the predominant isoform in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: evidence for regulation by epigenetic mechanisms ▶     Sofía T. Menéndez, M. Ángeles Villaronga, Juan P. Rodrigo et al.     Evidences indicate that HERG1 voltage-gated potassium channel is frequently aberrantly expressed in various cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), …             Analysis of bacterial diversity in two oil blocks from two low-permeability reservoirs with high salinities ▶     Meng Xiao, Shan-Shan Sun, Zhong-Zhi Zhang et al.     The community diversities of two oil reservoirs with low permeability of 1.81 × 10−3 and 2.29 × 10−3 μm2 in Changqing, China, were investigated using a high throughput sequencing …             Millimeter-wave sensor based on a λ/2-line resonator for identification and dielectric characterization of non-ionic surfactants ▶     H. Rodilla, A. A. Kim, G. D. M. Jeffries et al.     Studies of biological and artificial membrane systems, such as niosomes, currently rely on the use of fluorescent tags, which can influence the system under investigation. For …             Heterologously-expressed and Liposome-reconstituted Human Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 4 Channel (TRPM4) is a Functional Tetramer ▶     Maryrose Constantine, Chu Kong Liew, Victor Lo et al.     Mutation, irregular expression and sustained activation of the Transient Receptor Potential Channel, type Melastatin 4 (TRPM4), have been linked to various cardiovascular …             Mesenteric IL-10-producing CD5+ regulatory B cells suppress cow’s milk casein-induced allergic responses in mice ▶     A-Ram Kim, Hyuk Soon Kim, Do Kyun Kim et al.     Food allergy is a hypersensitive immune reaction to food proteins. We have previously demonstrated the presence of IL-10-producing CD5+ B cells and suggested their potential role …             Whole-exome Sequencing Analysis Identifies Mutations in the EYS Gene in Retinitis Pigmentosa in the Indian Population ▶     Yanan Di, Lulin Huang, Periasamy Sundaresan et al.     Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a rare heterogeneous genetic retinal dystrophy disease, and despite years of research, known genetic mutations can explain only approximately 60% of …             Enantio-alteration of gene transcription associated with bioconcentration in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to chiral PCB149 ▶     Tingting Chai, Feng Cui, Pengqian Mu et al.     Enantioselective enrichment of chiral PCB149 (2,2’,3,4’,5’,6-hexachlorobiphenyl) was analysed in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to the racemate, (−)-PCB149, and (…             Microarray and whole-exome sequencing analysis of familial Behçet’s disease patients ▶     Daisuke Okuzaki, Kazuyuki Yoshizaki, Toshio Tanaka et al.     Behçet’s disease (BD), a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder, is characterized by recurrent oral and genital mucous ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. We performed DNA …             Plasma extracellular RNA profiles in healthy and cancer patients ▶     Tiezheng Yuan, Xiaoyi Huang, Mark Woodcock et al.     Extracellular vesicles are selectively enriched in RNA that has potential as disease biomarkers. To systemically characterize circulating extracellular RNA (exRNA) profiles, we …             Metabolomic Profiling of Mice Serum during Toxoplasmosis Progression Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ▶     Chun-Xue Zhou, Dong-Hui Zhou, Hany M. Elsheikha et al.     Better understanding of the molecular changes associated with disease is essential for identifying new routes to improved therapeutics and diagnostic tests. The aim of this study …             The Foot’s Arch and the Energetics of Human Locomotion ▶     Sarah M. Stearne, Kirsty A. McDonald, Jacqueline A. Alderson et al.     The energy-sparing spring theory of the foot’s arch has become central to interpretations of the foot’s mechanical function and evolution. Using a novel insole technique that …             Plug-and-Display: decoration of Virus-Like Particles via isopeptide bonds for modular immunization ▶     Karl D. Brune, Darren B. Leneghan, Iona J. Brian et al.     Virus-like particles (VLPs) are non-infectious self-assembling nanoparticles, useful in medicine and nanotechnology. Their repetitive molecularly-defined architecture is …             Below-ground interspecific competition for water in a rubber agroforestry system may enhance water utilization in plants ▶     Junen Wu, Wenjie Liu, Chunfeng Chen     Rubber-based (Hevea brasiliensis) agroforestry systems are regarded as the best way to improve the sustainability of rubber monocultures, but few reports have examined water use …             The RNA chaperone activity of the Trypanosoma brucei editosome raises the dynamic of bound pre-mRNAs ▶     W.-Matthias Leeder, Christin Voigt, Michael Brecht et al.     Mitochondrial transcript maturation in African trypanosomes requires an RNA editing reaction that is characterized by the insertion and deletion of U-nucleotides into otherwise …             Site-specific scFv labelling with invertase via Sortase A mechanism as a platform for antibody-antigen detection using the personal glucose meter ▶     Nur Faezee Ismail, Theam Soon Lim     Antibody labelling to reporter molecules is gaining popularity due to its many potential applications for diagnostics and therapeutics. However, non-directional bioconjugation …             Molecular Combing of Single DNA Molecules on the 10 Megabase Scale ▶     Atanas Kaykov, Thibaud Taillefumier, Aaron Bensimon et al.     DNA combing allows the investigation of DNA replication on genomic single DNA molecules, but the lengths that can be analysed have been restricted to molecules of 200–500 kb. We …             Evolved hexose transporter enhances xylose uptake and glucose/xylose co-utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ▶     Amanda Reider Apel, Mario Ouellet, Heather Szmidt-Middleton et al.     Enhancing xylose utilization has been a major focus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain-engineering efforts. The incentive for these studies arises from the need to use all sugars …             Immunization against an IL-6 peptide induces anti-IL-6 antibodies and modulates the Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity reaction in cynomolgus monkeys ▶     Lucille Desallais, Caroline Bouchez, Hadley Mouhsine et al.     Interleukin-6 (IL-6) overproduction has been involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases and the administration of an anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal …             Characterization of Social Behaviors in caspase-3 deficient mice ▶     Shih-Ching Lo, Kimberly Scearce-Levie, Morgan Sheng     Impaired social interaction is a defining feature of autism spectrum disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder that shows a strong male preponderance in prevalence. Studies have …             Rspo1-activated signalling molecules are sufficient to induce ovarian differentiation in XY medaka (Oryzias latipes) ▶     Linyan Zhou, Tapas Charkraborty, Qian Zhou et al.     In contrast to our understanding of testicular differentiation, ovarian differentiation is less well understood in vertebrates. In mammals, R-spondin1 (Rspo1), an activator of …             Possible introgression of the VRTN mutation increasing vertebral number, carcass length and teat number from Chinese pigs into European pigs ▶     Jie Yang, Lusheng Huang, Ming Yang et al.     Vertnin (VRTN) variants have been associated with the number of thoracic vertebrae in European pigs, but the association has not been evidenced in Chinese indigenous pigs. In …             Effects of veridical expectations on syntax processing in music: Event-related potential evidence ▶     Shuang Guo, Stefan Koelsch     Numerous past studies have investigated neurophysiological correlates of music-syntactic processing. However, only little is known about how prior knowledge about an upcoming …             The Epstein-Barr virus encoded LMP1 oncoprotein modulates cell adhesion via regulation of activin A/TGFβ and β1 integrin signalling ▶     Mhairi A. Morris, Christopher W. Dawson, Louise Laverick et al.     Approximately 20% of global cancer incidence is causally linked to an infectious agent. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) accounts for around 1% of all virus-associated cancers and is …             Selective effect of cell membrane on synaptic neurotransmission ▶     Pekka A. Postila, Ilpo Vattulainen, Tomasz Róg     Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were performed with 13 non-peptidic neurotransmitters (NTs) in three different membrane environments. The results provide compelling …             Characterization of the promoter region of the bovine long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 gene: Roles of E2F1, Sp1, KLF15, and E2F4 ▶     Zhi-Dong Zhao, Lin-Sen Zan, An-Ning Li et al.     The nutritional value and eating qualities of beef are enhanced when the unsaturated fatty acid content of fat is increased. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) plays key …             DSF Guided Refolding As A Novel Method Of Protein Production ▶     Amadeo B. Biter, Andres H. de la Peña, Roopa Thapar et al.     The Anfinsen hypothesis, the demonstration of which led to the Nobel prize in Chemistry, posits that all information required to determine a proteins’ three dimensional structure …             Factors Affecting Anti-Glycan IgG and IgM Repertoires in Human Serum ▶     Saddam M. Muthana, Jeffrey C. Gildersleeve     Serum anti-glycan antibodies play important roles in many immune processes and are of particular interest as biomarkers for many diseases. Changes in anti-glycan antibodies can …             Conversion of embryonic stem cells into extraembryonic lineages by CRISPR-mediated activators ▶     Shu Wei, Qingjian Zou, Sisi Lai et al.     The recently emerged CRISPR/Cas9 technique has opened a new perspective on readily editing specific genes. When combined with transcription activators, it can precisely …             Functional characterization of the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein gene family from Pinus tabuliformis (Pinaceae) in Escherichia coli ▶     Jie Gao, Ting Lan     Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are a large and highly diverse gene family present in a wide range of plant species. LEAs are proposed to play a role in various stress …             De-repression of CSP-1 activates adaptive responses to antifungal azoles ▶     Xi Chen, Wei Xue, Jun Zhou et al.     Antifungal azoles are the major drugs that are used to treat fungal infections. This study found that in response to antifungal azole stress, Neurospora crassa could activate the …             Prediction and characterization of protein-protein interaction network in Bacillus licheniformis WX-02 ▶     Yi-Chao Han, Jia-Ming Song, Long Wang et al.     In this study, we constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of B. licheniformis strain WX-02 with interolog method and domain-based method, which contained 15,864 …             Transcriptome profiling unveils the role of cholesterol in IL-17A signaling in psoriasis ▶     Pallavi Varshney, Aarti Narasimhan, Shankila Mittal et al.     Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by altered proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes as well as infiltration of immune cells. Increased …             High survival of mouse oocytes using an optimized vitrification protocol ▶     Cheng-Jie Zhou, Dong-Hui Wang, Xin-Xin Niu et al.     The method of vitrification has been widely used for cryopreservation. However, the effectiveness of this method for mammalian oocytes could be improved by optimizing each step …             Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through β-catenin and autophagy ▶     Zhiqing Yang, Tingting Zhao, Hongli Liu et al.     Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer, with a very poor prognosis. There is an urgent need for an effective therapy for HCC. Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) has …             Cue properties change timing strategies in group movement synchronisation ▶     Juliane J. Honisch, Mark T. Elliott, Nori Jacoby et al.     To maintain synchrony in group activities, each individual within the group must continuously correct their movements to remain in time with the temporal cues available. Cues …             Meta-analysis of lipid-traits in Hispanics identifies novel loci, population-specific effects, and tissue-specific enrichment of eQTLs ▶     Jennifer E. Below, Esteban J. Parra, Eric R. Gamazon et al.     We performed genome-wide meta-analysis of lipid traits on three samples of Mexican and Mexican American ancestry comprising 4,383 individuals, and followed up significant and …             Structural Elucidation of a Carnosine-Acrolein Adduct and its Quantification in Human Urine Samples ▶     Vanderson S. Bispo, Ivan P. de Arruda Campos, Paolo Di Mascio et al.     Aldehydes accumulate in inflammation, during myocardial infarction and have been associated with pain symptoms. One pathway of aldehyde detoxification is the conjugation with …             Corrigendum: Circulating HIV DNA Correlates With Neurocognitive Impairment in Older HIV-infected Adults on Suppressive ART ▶     Michelli Faria de Oliveira, Ben Murrell, Josué Pérez-Santiago et al.                 Trading off stability against activity in extremophilic aldolases ▶     Markus Dick, Oliver H. Weiergräber, Thomas Classen et al.     Understanding enzyme stability and activity in extremophilic organisms is of great biotechnological interest, but many questions are still unsolved. Using 2-deoxy-D…             Genomic-assisted haplotype analysis and the development of high-throughput SNP markers for salinity tolerance in soybean ▶     Gunvant Patil, Tuyen Do, Tri D. Vuong et al.     Soil salinity is a limiting factor of crop yield. The soybean is sensitive to soil salinity, and a dominant gene, Glyma03g32900 is primarily responsible for salt-tolerance. The …             PB2-588 V promotes the mammalian adaptation of H10N8, H7N9 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses ▶     Chencheng Xiao, Wenjun Ma, Na Sun et al.     Human infections with avian influenza H7N9 or H10N8 viruses have been reported in China, raising concerns that they might cause human epidemics and pandemics. However, how these …             A target-protection mechanism of antibiotic resistance at atomic resolution: insights into FusB-type fusidic acid resistance ▶     Jennifer H. Tomlinson, Gary S. Thompson, Arnout P. Kalverda et al.     Antibiotic resistance in clinically important bacteria can be mediated by proteins that physically associate with the drug target and act to protect it from the inhibitory …             A comprehensive gene expression analysis at sequential stages of in vitro cardiac differentiation from isolated MESP1-expressing-mesoderm progenitors ▶     Sabine C. den Hartogh, Katherine Wolstencroft, Christine L. Mummery et al.     In vitro cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) closely recapitulates in vivo embryonic heart development, and therefore, provides an excellent model to …             Energy-efficient population coding constrains network size of a neuronal array system ▶     Lianchun Yu, Chi Zhang, Liwei Liu et al.     We consider the open issue of how the energy efficiency of the neural information transmission process, in a general neuronal array, constrains the network size, and how well …             Effects of K-115 (Ripasudil), a novel ROCK inhibitor, on trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal endothelial cells ▶     Yoshio Kaneko, Masayuki Ohta, Toshihiro Inoue et al.     Ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate (K-115), a specific Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, was the first ophthalmic solution developed for the …             Switchable DNA wire: deposition-stripping of copper nanoclusters as an “ON-OFF” nanoswitch ▶     Xiaoli Zhu, Siyu Liu, Jiepei Cao et al.     Today, a consensus that DNA working as a molecular wire shows promise in nanoscale electronics is reached. Considering that the “ON-OFF” switch is the basis of a logic circuit, …             Autologous leukocyte-reduced platelet-rich plasma therapy for Achilles tendinopathy induced by collagenase in a rabbit model ▶     Juan C. González, Catalina López, María E. Álvarez et al.     Leukocyte-reduced platelet-rich plasma (LR-PRP) is a therapy for tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon (TAT); however, there is scarce information regarding LR-PRP effects in …             Downregulation of miR-522 suppresses proliferation and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by directly targeting DENN/MADD domain containing 2D ▶     Tianze Zhang, Yingying Hu, Jin Ju et al.     Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), one of the most common causes of cancer-related death, is a worldwide public health problem. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been identified …             Pre-sowing Seed Treatments in Direct-seeded Early Rice: Consequences for Emergence, Seedling Growth and Associated Metabolic Events under Chilling Stress ▶     Weiqin Wang, Qian Chen, Saddam Hussain et al.     Double direct-seeding for double rice cropping is a simplified, labor saving, and efficient cropping system to improve multiple-crop index and total rice production in central …             miRNA-378 reverses chemoresistance to cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting secreted clusterin ▶     Xuesong Chen, Ying Jiang, Zheping Huang et al.     Cisplatin resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of NSCLC, and its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The objectives of the study were to determine the role of …             Transcriptional regulation of PRPF31 gene expression by MSR1 repeat elements causes incomplete penetrance in retinitis pigmentosa ▶     Anna M. Rose, Amna Z. Shah, Giulia Venturini et al.     PRPF31-associated retinitis pigmentosa presents a fascinating enigma: some mutation carriers are blind, while others are asymptomatic. We identify the major molecular cause of …             Suicide Risk Associated with Experience of Violence and Impulsivity in Alcohol Dependent Patients ▶     Lotfi Khemiri, Jussi Jokinen, Bo Runeson et al.     Alcohol dependence (AD) and aggression-impulsivity are both associated with increased suicide risk. There is a need to evaluate clinical tools in order to improve suicide risk …             The Role of mGluR Copy Number Variation in Genetic and Environmental Forms of Syndromic Autism Spectrum Disorder ▶     Tara L. Wenger, Charlly Kao, Donna M. McDonald-McGinn et al.     While abnormal signaling mediated through metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is involved in the pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Fragile X Syndrome and …               • Careers & Jobs         naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week       Senior Research Associate     University of East Anglia (UEA)            Postdoctoral Fellow / Research Associate     Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC)             PostDoc (M / F) Biomarker Research     Boehringer Ingelheim            Fellowships     Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI)            Research Associate     University of Glasgow            Postgraduate - Doctorate / PhD     University of Fribourg            Postdoctoral Training Fellow     The Francis Crick Institute            PhD position     University Hospital Bonn            Postdoctoral Fellow     The University of Tennessee Health Science Center            MRC Postdoctoral Scientist (CSC 74)     Medical Research Council          No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. 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