Nature Chemical Biology Contents: February 2016, Volume 12 No 2 pp 53 - 123

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TABLE OF CONTENTS February 2016 Volume 12, Issue 2 Research Highlights News and Views Perspective Brief Communications Articles Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement New! Nature Microbiology - First issue now published. The first issue of Nature Microbiology is now published and free to access online! This new journal covers all aspects of microorganisms, be it their evolution, physiology and cell biology; their interactions with each other, with a host or with an environment; or their societal significance. Ensure you stay up to date with future content by registering to receive the monthly e-alert.   Research Highlights Top Neurobiology: Tracking the scent | Antivirals: Alphaviruses feel the STING | Oxidative damage: A pathway to stress | Metalloenzymes: Getting the gold News and Views Top Protein engineering: Beating the odds   pp54 - 55 Uwe T Bornscheuer doi:10.1038/nchembio.1989 Recently developed advanced microfluidics-based systems have outperformed known screening tools with respect to throughput, flexibility, sensitivity and tricks for hit recovery. This has enabled the discovery of novel and improved proteins from random mutagenesis libraries or metagenome-based sources. See also: Article by Chen et al. Synthetic biology: Building genetic containment   pp55 - 56 Karmella A Haynes doi:10.1038/nchembio.2004 Since the 1980s, scientists have worked on designing genetic codes to reinforce containment and control of genetically engineered microbes. New mechanistic studies of "deadman" and "passcode" gene circuits provide a flexible platform to build new safety switches. Chemical probes: The many genes of drug mechanism   pp57 - 58 Adam C Palmer doi:10.1038/nchembio.2010 A small molecule's biological activity in a cell depends on the actions of many gene products. Correlations between basal gene expression and compound sensitivity across hundreds of human cell lines reveal a broad view of cellular mechanisms of action. Protein aggregation: A rescue by chaperones   pp58 - 59 Joost Schymkowitz and Frederic Rousseau doi:10.1038/nchembio.2006 Protein aggregation is associated with more than 50 human pathologies, including prevalent conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. A phenotypic screen in Escherichia coli associating antibiotic resistance with the inhibition of protein aggregation now allows screening for chemical inhibitors of protein aggregation in a simple, fast and inexpensive manner. Chemical Biology JOBS of the week Lecturer (above the bar) in Organic Chemistry / Chemical Biology University College Dublin Postdoctoral Position in Chemical Biology of Tubulin Modifications École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Postdoctoral Research, Ocular Stem Cell Biology University of California San Diego Health System Post-doctoral Research Scientist Inserm Postoctoral Fellow Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) More Science jobs from Chemical Biology EVENT Chemical Biology Year-End Symposium 25 May 2016 New York, USA More science events from Perspective Top Fatty acylation of Wnt proteins   pp60 - 69 Aaron H Nile and Rami N Hannoush doi:10.1038/nchembio.2005 This Perspective discusses recent advances in understanding the biochemistry, enzymology and cell biology of Wnt fatty acylation and its effects on signaling and cancer. Brief Communications Top Photo-lysine captures proteins that bind lysine post-translational modifications   pp70 - 72 Tangpo Yang, Xiao-Meng Li, Xiucong Bao, Yi Man Eva Fung and Xiang David Li doi:10.1038/nchembio.1990 Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of lysine side chains are important mediators of protein-protein interactions, particularly in chromatin. Photo-lysine, a diazirine analog of lysine, provides a tool to covalently capture proteins that bind lysine and its PTMs. Chemical compounds A nitrous acid biosynthetic pathway for diazo group formation in bacteria   pp73 - 75 Yoshinori Sugai, Yohei Katsuyama and Yasuo Ohnishi doi:10.1038/nchembio.1991 Cremeomycin is a diazo-containing natural product. Assignment of the functions of individual enzymes in the gene cluster for cremeomycin biosynthesis reveals a pathway by which Streptomyces cremeus converts L-aspartic acid into the nitrous acid needed for diazotization chemistry. Chemical compounds Advertisement All content now free to access including archives! Nature Communications is an open access journal that publishes high-quality research from all areas of the natural sciences. Papers published by the journal represent important advances of significance to specialists within each subject area including the life sciences. Visit the website to explore ALL the content available within your field.    Articles Top High-throughput analysis and protein engineering using microcapillary arrays   pp76 - 81 Bob Chen, Sungwon Lim, Arvind Kannan, Spencer C Alford, Fanny Sunden et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1978 A new technology platform called μSCALE combines the use of a microcapillary array with laser-based extraction to enable high-throughput biochemical and biophysical analysis and isolation of protein variants for protein-engineering applications. See also: News and Views by Bornscheuer 'Deadman' and 'Passcode' microbial kill switches for bacterial containment   pp82 - 86 Clement T Y Chan, Jeong Wook Lee, D Ewen Cameron, Caleb J Bashor and James J Collins doi:10.1038/nchembio.1979 Synthetic biology has expanded the availability of engineered bacterial systems for diverse applications and is now developing safeguards for their effective and secure use. The report of two synthetic gene circuit 'kill switches' provides new biocontainment mechanisms for engineered Escherichia coli. See also: News and Views by Haynes Molecular mechanism of respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitors   pp87 - 93 Michael B Battles, Johannes P Langedijk, Polina Furmanova-Hollenstein, Supranee Chaiwatpongsakorn, Heather M Costello et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1982 The binding of small-molecule inhibitors of the RSV F glycoprotein in a central cavity in the prefusion conformation stabilizes this conformation and blocks the conformational changes required for fusion with host membranes. An in vivo platform for identifying inhibitors of protein aggregation   pp94 - 101 Janet C Saunders, Lydia M Young, Rachel A Mahood, Matthew P Jackson, Charlotte H Revill et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1988 Applying an in vivo bacterial-based system for monitoring the influence of small molecules on the aggregation of model amyloid proteins expressed in the periplasm identified dopamine as a new inhibitor of hIAPP aggregation, a protein involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Identification of cancer-cytotoxic modulators of PDE3A by predictive chemogenomics   pp102 - 108 Luc de Waal, Timothy A Lewis, Matthew G Rees, Aviad Tsherniak, Xiaoyun Wu et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1984 Phenotypic screening in cancer cell lines combined with chemogenomics analysis reveals a correlation between DNMDP sensitivity and increased PDE3A expression. DNMDP binding to PDE3A induces a switch resulting in interactions with SLFN12 and SIRT7. Chemical compounds Correlating chemical sensitivity and basal gene expression reveals mechanism of action   pp109 - 116 Matthew G Rees, Brinton Seashore-Ludlow, Jaime H Cheah, Drew J Adams, Edmund V Price et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1986 A computational tool provides a systematic approach to determine the mechanisms of action of small molecules by examining correlations between basal gene expression and small-molecule sensitivity in cancer cell lines. Cyclophilin A promotes cell migration via the Abl-Crk signaling pathway   pp117 - 123 Tamjeed Saleh, Wojciech Jankowski, Ganapathy Sriram, Paolo Rossi, Shreyas Shah et al. doi:10.1038/nchembio.1981 Cyclophilin A binds a proline motif in human CrkII, preventing phosphorylation by Abl and EGFR. Decreased CrkII phosphorylation ensures interactions with the focal adhesion proteins paxillin and p130CAS to stimulate cellular migration. Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. For event advertising opportunities across the Nature Publishing Group portfolio please contact natureevents@nature.com More Nature Events

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