Nature Reviews Neuroscience contents December 2015 Volume 16 Number 12 pp 701-767

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Nature Reviews Neuroscience FREE POSTER - CONTROL OF SLEEP IN MAMMALS  This Poster presents an overview of the neural correlates of sleep and waking and, where known, how the implicated brain regions and neuronal populations affect sleep generation. It also touches on the circadian control and function of sleep, and provides details on some common sleep disorders. Produced with support from  Merck & Co., Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
December 2015 Volume 16 Number 12		Advertisement
Impact Factor 31.427 *	In this issue Research Highlights Reviews Perspectives Correspondence Also this month Article series: The endocannabinoid system  Featured article: A new mechanism of nervous system plasticity: activity-dependent myelination R. Douglas Fields	The world is waiting for your discovery. What are you waiting for? Join/Renew now. "The science is really what keeps me coming back to the Society - the benefits of keeping up with the field and what's going on with breakthroughs or research in neuroscience is crucial for my career." - SfN Member
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Top Neurodegenerative disease: The plot thickens p701 | doi:10.1038/nrn4063 Pathological variants of FUS that are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or frontotemporal dementia can form irreversible gel assemblies that trap and impair the function of ribonucleoproteins and, thereby, disrupt protein synthesis. PDF Microglia: Tau distributors p702 | doi:10.1038/nrn4056 Microglia contribute to the propagation of tau between brain regions in mice, by phagocytosis and release of the protein. PDF Psychiatric disorders: Modelling lithium responsiveness in a dish p702 | doi:10.1038/nrn4062 An induced pluripotent stem cell-based model of human bipolar disorder reveals hyperexcitability in hippocampal neurons and mimics clinical responsiveness to lithium. PDF Learning and memory: Influences from above on memory p703 | doi:10.1038/nrn4055 A top-down pathway from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex regulates the retrieval of recent fear memories in the hippocampus. PDF Neural circuits: Consumption control p704 | doi:10.1038/nrn4064 Dopamine D1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons in the medial nucleus accumbens shell that project to the lateral hypothalamus mediate rapid control of feeding behaviour in mice. PDF IN BRIEF Sleep: Dissecting sleep circuits | Modelling: First 'Blue Brain' results | Brain-machine interfaces: Creating a sensation PDF
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REVIEWS		Top
Article series: The endocannabinoid system The endocannabinoid system in guarding against fear, anxiety and stress Beat Lutz, Giovanni Marsicano, Rafael Maldonado & Cecilia J. Hillard p705 | doi:10.1038/nrn4036 Endocannabinoid signalling affects the behavioural domains of acquired fear, anxiety and stress-coping by modulating synaptic functions in specific brain circuits. Lutz and colleagues discuss the cellular mechanisms involved in these effects and the potential for endocannabinoid-based therapies to treat anxiety and stress-related disorders. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
A fronto–striato–subthalamic–pallidal network for goal-directed and habitual inhibition Marjan Jahanshahi, Ignacio Obeso, John C. Rothwell & José A. Obeso p719 | doi:10.1038/nrn4038 Cortico–basal ganglia circuits are involved in goal-directed and habitual actions. Jahanshahi et al. review evidence for the involvement of the cortico-basal ganglia network in goal-directed and habitual inhibition, and propose that some of the symptoms of basal ganglia disorders represent an imbalance between goal-directed and habitual action and inhibition. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Contrast coding in the electrosensory system: parallels with visual computation Stephen E. Clarke, André Longtin & Leonard Maler p733 | doi:10.1038/nrn4037 Sensory systems encode and interpret patterns of contrast in sensory signals to provide an accurate representation of an animal's environment. Maler and colleagues here outline our current understanding of the principles of contrast coding in the electrosensory system and make comparisons with contrast coding in the visual system. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
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Nature Reviews Neuroscience  FREE POSTER - Cell-reprogramming technology and neuroscience  This Poster illustrates the principles through which cell-reprogramming technology can be used to generate distinct types of neural cells and outlines the most promising applications of these cells in neuroscientific research. Produced with support from  STEMCELL Technologies
PERSPECTIVES		Top
OPINION Packet-based communication in the cortex Artur Luczak, Bruce L. McNaughton & Kenneth D. Harris p745 | doi:10.1038/nrn4026 The cortex can generate packets of neuronal activity with stereotypical sequential structure spontaneously or in response to sensory stimuli. In this Opinion article, Luczak and colleagues examine the evidence for such packets and discuss how packets may act as fundamental units of cortical communication. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
OPINION A new mechanism of nervous system plasticity: activity-dependent myelination R. Douglas Fields p756 | doi:10.1038/nrn4023 The precise timing of impulse transmission along axons is crucial for synaptic plasticity and brain oscillations, and is partly determined by myelin thickness. In this Opinion article, R. Douglas Fields discusses how electrical activity influences myelin thickness and thus conduction velocity and circuit properties. Abstract | Full Text | PDF
CORRESPONDENCE		Top
Neural networks in the future of neuroscience research Mikail Rubinov p767 | doi:10.1038/nrn4042 Full Text | PDF
On testing neural network models Rafael Yuste p767 | doi:10.1038/nrn4043 Full Text | PDF
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*2014 Journal Citation Report (Thomson Reuters, 2015)

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