Nature Medicine Contents: July 2015 Volume 21 Number 7 pp 655 - 827

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TABLE OF CONTENTS July 2015 Volume 21, Issue 7 Focus News News and Views Editorial Reviews Articles Letters Errata Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Podcast Advertisement Nature Outlook Addiction Breaking the bonds of dependency.  Access the Outlook and accompanying video free online. Produced with support from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute on Drug Abuse and Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals Inc., a subsidiary of Indivior PLC     Focus Top Focus on inflammatory disease    News Top All aboard: Will molecular tumor boards help cancer patients?   pp655 - 656 Jeanne Erdmann doi:10.1038/nm0715-655 Almighty antibodies? A new wave of antibody-based approaches aims to combat HIV   pp657 - 659 Erika Check Hayden doi:10.1038/nm0715-657 Biomedical briefing   pp660 - 661 doi:10.1038/nm0715-660 To build better tuberculosis diagnostics, look for 'biosignatures'   p662 Alan Dove doi:10.1038/nm0715-662 News and Views Top Liquid biopsies reveal the dynamic nature of resistance mechanisms in solid tumors   pp663 - 665 Catherine B Meador and Christine M Lovly doi:10.1038/nm.3899 Two new studies demonstrate that so-called 'liquid biopsies' may reveal important genomic information needed to monitor treatment responses, forecast tumor recurrences, and provide a rationale for novel therapeutic strategies in patients with lung cancer and colon cancer. See also: Letter by Siravegna et al. Shifts in macrophage cytokine production drive muscle fibrosis   pp665 - 666 James G Tidball and Michelle Wehling-Henricks doi:10.1038/nm.3896 Muscle fibrosis after acute injury can be debilitating, but in chronic muscle disease it can be lethal. A new study reveals that shifts in macrophage phenotype in injured or diseased muscle can influence whether connective tissue production by fibro/adipogenic precursors in muscle is beneficial or pathological. See also: Article by Lemos et al. Tracing human brown fat   pp667 - 668 Mariette R Boon, Emmani B M Nascimento and Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt doi:10.1038/nm.3900 Adipocyte progenitors have the capacity to differentiate into mature brown adipocytes with thermogenic capabilities. Two new studies identify novel markers to help prospectively isolate these and mature adipocytes from human brown fat biopsies. See also: Article by Xue et al. Nature Medicine JOBS of the week Senior Scientist University of Cambridge Assistant or Associate Professor (3 posts available) The University of Warwick PhD Student (F / M) Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne Postdoctoral Fellow University of California - San Francisco More Science jobs from Nature Medicine EVENT 3rd Annual Congress of the European Society for Translational Medicine (EUSTM-2015) 01.09.15 Vienna, Austria More science events from Editorial Top Big data meets mechanism   p673 doi:10.1038/nm.3903 Inflammatory disease research is burgeoning. Large data sets are being generated to characterize the human immune response, while detailed mechanistic studies are defining the role of specific cell types and sensors in inflammatory disease. Future efforts are needed to integrate these approaches and guide precision medicine. News Top A gut feeling about immunity   pp674 - 676 Roxanne Khamsi doi:10.1038/nm.3906 As it becomes evident that the microbiome exerts an influence on the human immune system, scientists have begun to ponder therapies that might act on intestinal microbes to reduce harmful inflammation. Roxanne Khamsi reports. Reviews Top Inflammasomes: mechanism of action, role in disease, and therapeutics   pp677 - 687 Haitao Guo, Justin B Callaway and Jenny P-Y Ting doi:10.1038/nm.3893 The emerging role of resident memory T cells in protective immunity and inflammatory disease   pp688 - 697 Chang Ook Park and Thomas S Kupper doi:10.1038/nm.3883 Tissue-resident memory T cells are increasingly being linked to human tissue-specific immune and inflammatory disease. These roles are discussed in this review. Innate lymphoid cells in the initiation, regulation and resolution of inflammation   pp698 - 708 Gregory F Sonnenberg and David Artis doi:10.1038/nm.3892 The role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in immune homeostasis and disease is reviewed. Influence of nutrient-derived metabolites on lymphocyte immunity   pp709 - 718 Marc Veldhoen and Cristina Ferreira doi:10.1038/nm.3894 Recent studies have provided insight into how the environment, and in particular the diet, influence the development of lymphocytes. Emerging studies indicate a role for this immune development in inflammatory disease. IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines: from discovery to targeted therapies for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases   pp719 - 729 Michele W L Teng, Edward P Bowman, Joshua J McElwee, Mark J Smyth, Jean-Laurent Casanova et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3895 Cua and colleagues discuss the cellular and molecular rationale for targeting IL-12 and IL-23 for therapeutic purposes in inflammatory diseases; they also review existing clinical data, discuss potential side effects, and propose future directions for targeting these cytokines in additional disorders. Heterogeneity of autoimmune diseases: pathophysiologic insights from genetics and implications for new therapies   pp730 - 738 Judy H Cho and Marc Feldman doi:10.1038/nm.3897 Recent advances in genetics have deepened our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms behind autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases. This has revealed both shared pathways and a considerable degree of heterogeneity between diseases. Articles Top Epigenetic activation of a cryptic TBC1D16 transcript enhances melanoma progression by targeting EGFR   pp741 - 750 Miguel Vizoso, Humberto J Ferreira, Paula Lopez-Serra, F Javier Carmona, Anna Martinez-Cardus et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3863 Epigenetic inactivation of a Rab GTPase activating protein confers metastatic properties in melanoma, and it correlates with poor prognosis but better sensitivity to therapy by targeting EGFR signaling. Subclonal diversification of primary breast cancer revealed by multiregion sequencing   pp751 - 759 Lucy R Yates, Moritz Gerstung, Stian Knappskog, Christine Desmedt, Gunes Gundem et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3886 Whole-genome and targeted sequencing of multiple sections of each of 50 tumors reveals varying degrees of subclonal diversification and genomic heterogeneity. Clonal analyses and gene profiling identify genetic biomarkers of the thermogenic potential of human brown and white preadipocytes   pp760 - 768 Ruidan Xue, Matthew D Lynes, Jonathan M Dreyfuss, Farnaz Shamsi, Tim J Schulz et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3881 Human brown and white preadipocyte clones from neck fat depots have been isolated and used to identify genetic biomarkers that predict their thermogenic capacity. See also: News and Views by Boon et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion   pp769 - 776 Talitha van der Meulen, Cynthia J Donaldson, Elena Caceres, Anna E Hunter, Christopher Cowing-Zitron et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3872 Ucn3 is released from pancreatic beta cells along with insulin, and it engages a negative feedback loop by promoting somatostatin secretion from delta cells to control further insulin secretion. Selective enhancement of endothelial BMPR-II with BMP9 reverses pulmonary arterial hypertension   pp777 - 785 Lu Long, Mark L Ormiston, Xudong Yang, Mark Southwood, Stefan Graf et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3877 BMP9 activates signaling through the BMPR-II receptor in endothelial cells and reverses established disease in three animal models of pulmonary hypertension, thus pointing to a potential new treatment for this disease. Nilotinib reduces muscle fibrosis in chronic muscle injury by promoting TNF-mediated apoptosis of fibro/adipogenic progenitors   pp786 - 794 Dario R Lemos, Farshad Babaeijandaghi, Marcela Low, Chih-Kai Chang, Sunny T Lee et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3869 Tgf-[beta]1 contributes to fibrosis during chronic injury by abrogating Tnf-directed apoptosis of fibro/adipogenic progenitor cells during muscle regeneration See also: News and Views by Tidball & Wehling-Henricks Letters Top Clonal evolution and resistance to EGFR blockade in the blood of colorectal cancer patients   pp795 - 801 Giulia Siravegna, Benedetta Mussolin, Michela Buscarino, Giorgio Corti, Andrea Cassingena et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3870 By monitoring cfDNA, the authors reveal the dynamic adaption of clonal populations in colorectal cancer patients treated with anti-EGFR therapy, suggesting that therapeutic re-challenge may have some benefit. See also: News and Views by Meador & Lovly Inhibition of amyloid-[beta] plaque formation by [alpha]-synuclein   pp802 - 807 Teresa Bachhuber, Natalie Katzmarski, Joanna F McCarter, Desiree Loreth, Sabina Tahirovic et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3885 The introduction of [alpha]-synuclein into mouse models of Alzheimer's disease, either by intracerebral injection or transgenic overexpression, is found to inhibit the formation of hippocampal amyloid-[beta] plaques. Activation of HIF-1[alpha] and LL-37 by commensal bacteria inhibits Candida albicans colonization   pp808 - 814 Di Fan, Laura A Coughlin, Megan M Neubauer, Jiwoong Kim, Min Soo Kim et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3871 Andrew Koh and colleagues report that gut anaerobes in adult mice prevent Candida albicans colonization by inducing an antimicrobial peptide. Diabetes primes neutrophils to undergo NETosis, which impairs wound healing   pp815 - 819 Siu Ling Wong, Melanie Demers, Kimberly Martinod, Maureen Gallant, Yanming Wang et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3887 Neutraphil extracellular trap formation is increased in type 1 and 2 diabetes and impairs wound healing. Interleukin 18 function in atherosclerosis is mediated by the interleukin 18 receptor and the Na-Cl co-transporter   pp820 - 826 Jing Wang, Chongxiu Sun, Norbert Gerdes, Conglin Liu, Mengyang Liao et al. doi:10.1038/nm.3890 Interleukin 18 function in atherosclerosis is mediated by the interleukin 18 receptor and the Na-Cl co-transporter. Errata Top Erratum: Functionally defined therapeutic targets in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma   p827 Catherine S Grasso, Yujie Tang, Nathalene Truffaux, Noah E Berlow, Lining Liu et al. doi:10.1038/nm0715-827a Erratum: Clonal evolution and resistance to EGFR blockade in the blood of colorectal cancer patients   p827 Giulia Siravegna, Benedetta Mussolin, Michela Buscarino, Giorgio Corti, Andrea Cassingena et al. doi:10.1038/nm0715-827b Top Advertisement   Helmholtz Zentrum München and Nature Medicine are pleased to announce: THE 3RD ANNUAL HELMHOLTZ-NATURE MEDICINE DIABETES CONFERENCE September 19-21, 2015 | Munich, Germany REGISTER NOW!     Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. The contents of the Natureevents Directory are now live. The digital version is available here. Find the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia on natureevents.com. 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